TY - JOUR A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Schoppa, André A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz T1 - Experimental investigation of consequences of LPG vehicle tank failure under fire conditions N2 - In case of a vehicle fire, an installed LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) tank with a malfunctioning safety device poses severe hazards. To investigate the consequences in case of tank failure, we conducted 16 tests with toroidal shaped LPG vehicle tanks. Three tanks were used for a Hydraulic Burst Test under standard conditions. Another three tanks were equipped with a statutory safety device and were subjected to a gasoline pool fire. The safety device prevented tank failure, as intended. To generate a statistically valid dataset on tank failure, ten tanks without safety devices were exposed to a gasoline pool fire. Five tanks were filled to a level of 20 %; the re-maining five were filled to a level of 100 %. In order to gain information on the heating process, three tem-perature readings at the tank surface, and three nearby flame temperatures were recorded. At distances of l = (7; 9; 11) m to the tank, the overpressure of the shock wave induced by the tank failure and the unsteady tem-peratures were measured. All ten tanks failed within a time of t < 5 min in a BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion). Seven of these resulted directly in a catastrophic failure. The other three resulted in partial failure followed by catastrophic failure. A near field overpressure at a distance of l = 7 m of up to p = 0.27 bar was measured. All ten tests showed massive fragmentation of the tank mantle. In total, 50 fragments were found. These 50 fragments make-up 88.6 % of the original tank mass. Each fragment was georeferenced and weighed. Fragment throwing distances of l > 250 m occurred. For the tanks with a fill level of 20 %, the average number of fragments was twice as high as it was for the tanks that were filled completely. KW - Blast wave KW - BLEVE KW - Consequences KW - Explosion KW - LPG PY - 2018 UR - https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1XnFv_Ld32ewKu U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2018.09.006 SN - 0950-4230 VL - 56 SP - 278 EP - 288 PB - Elsevier CY - Kidlington - Oxford AN - OPUS4-46238 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Schoppa, André A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz T1 - Mobile gas cylinders in fire: Consequences in case of failure N2 - Commercial, off-the shelf propane cylinders are subjected to high safety regulations. Furthermore, those cylinders are equipped with safety devices like pressure relief valves (PRV). Despite these regulations and safety measures, a failure of the Container is possible if exposed to an intense fire. The result of this is severe hazard for users, rescue forces and infrastructure. Within the framework of a destructive test series, 15 identical propane cylinders, without pressure relief devices, were exposed to an intensive fire in horizontal Position until failure. Each cylinder was filled with a mass of m =11 kg of liquid propane. Three different fire sources were used (wood, petrol, propane). The experiments revealed the failure of all cylinders in a time period t < 155 s. The failure lead to a fragmentation into several major parts with throwing distances of up to l =262 m. In all trials, the temperature of the cylinder wall (top, side, bottom), of the liquid phase inside and of the surrounding fire (top, side, bottom) was recorded. In addition, the inner cylinder pressure and the induced overpressure of the blast wave after the failure were recorded. Overpressures of up to p=0.27 bar were recorded close to the cylinder (l =5 m). AM tests were documented hy video from several positions (general view, close-up, high-speed 5000 fps). This test series creates the basis for further experimental studies in the field of alternative fuels for vehicles. The aim of this test series is to assess and analyse the consequences of the failure of gas vessels (for LPG, CNG, CGH2) in the aftermath of severe incidents. T2 - 12th International Symposium on Fire Safety Science CY - Lund, Sweden DA - 12.06.2017 KW - Explosion KW - Gas cylinders KW - Consequences PY - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/X0.1016/j.firesaf.2017.05.006 SN - 0379-7112 VL - 91 SP - 989 EP - 996 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-43028 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Schoppa, André A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz T1 - Versagen von Gasbehältern für alternative Treibstoffe N2 - Im Rahmen des Projekts „Complex Fires – Auswirkung von Behälterversagen“ (CoFi-ABV) sollen die Auswirkungen des Versagens von Gasbehältern für alternative Treibstoffe in Fahrzeugen unter Berücksichtigung komplexer Brand- und Explosionsszenarien untersucht werden. Es wird der aktuelle Hintergrund des Forschungsvorhabens erläutert sowie die geplanten Untersuchungen und beabsichtigten Ergebnisse vorgestellt. Hauptbestandteil des Projekts ist eine Vielzahl von zerstörenden Großversuchen. Im Vorfeld dieser Großversuche werden zur Weiterentwicklung und Adaptierung von Messtechnik Versuche im kleineren Maßstab durchgeführt. Im Folgenden werden Teile dieser Ver-suchsaufbauten im „mid-scale“ sowie die dabei verwendete Messtechnik dargestellt. Weiterhin werden erste Ergebnisse aus Wärmeeintragsversuchen zur Quantifizierung verschiedener Unterfeuerungsmethoden für die zerstörenden Großversuche vorgestellt. T2 - 14. Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik (BAM-PTB-Kolloquium) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.06.2016 KW - Explosion KW - alternative Treibstoffe KW - Behälterversagen KW - Composite PY - 2016 SN - 978-3-9817853-5-7 SN - 0938-5533 SP - 1 EP - 143 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) AN - OPUS4-37172 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Schoppa, André A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz T1 - Auswirkungen von unfallbedingtem Behälterversagen bei alternativen Pkw-Antrieben - Teil 1: Problemstellung, Stand der Technik und Voruntersuchungen N2 - Flüssige und komprimierte Gase sind in Deutschland, Europa und der Welt vielfältig als alternative Kraftstoffe im Einsatz. Diese werden unter teilweise hohem Druck in robusten Behältern an Bord gespeichert. Ein Versagen des Treibstoffbehälters im Schadensfall sollen verschiedene Sicherheitseinrichtungen, auch bei einem eventuell unfallbedingt auftretenden Fahrzeugbrand, verhindern. Sind diese Sicherheitseinrichtungen unfallbedingt beschädigt oder liegen die Belastungen dieser Einrichtung außerhalb ihres Auslegungsbereichs, ist ein Versagen des Behälters dennoch möglich. Dadurch kann es zur Bildung eines explosionsfähigen Brennstoff-Luft-Gemischs mit den entsprechenden Folgen für Fahrgäste, Einsatzkräfte und Umfeld kommen. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) untersucht im Forschungsprojekt "CoFi-ABV" mit umfangreichen zerstörenden Versuchsreihen im Realmaßstab die Folgen des unfallbedingten Versagens von Behältern für alternative Kraftstoffe und Maßnahmen zur Reduktion dieser Folgen im Rahmen einer ganzheitlichen Auswirkungsbetrachtung. Dieser Beitrag ist der Start einer Reihe und soll die Problemstellung sowie die Projektinhalte umfassend erläutern. KW - Alternative Antriebe KW - Alternative Kraftstoffe KW - Behälterversagen KW - Fahrzeugbrand PY - 2016 SN - 2191-0073 VL - 6 IS - 9 SP - 39 EP - 46 PB - Springer-VDI-Verlag CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-37360 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Hüllmann, Dino A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Schoppa, André A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico T1 - Auswirkungen von Behälterversagen bei alternativen PKW-Antrieben - Teil 2: UAV-basierte Fernerkundung von Gaswolken N2 - Verkehrsunfälle unter Beteiligung von Fahrzeugen mit alternativen Kraftstoffen wie LPG („Autogas“, Liquefied Petroleum Gas), CNG (Compressed Natural Gas, komprimiertes Erdgas) oder CGH2 (Compressed Gas Hydrogen, komprimierter Wasserstoff), bergen neue, komplexe Risiken für Passagiere, Einsatzkräfte und deren Umfeld. Im Rahmen des Projektes „CoFi-ABV“ beschäftigt sich die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) unter Berücksichtigung komplexer Brand- und Explosionsszenarien mit einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtung der Auswirkungen des unfallbedingten Versagens von Gasbehältern für alternative Kraftstoffe. Ein wichtiger Teil des Forschungsvorhabens umfasst Entwicklung, Aufbau und Validierung einer unbemannten Flugplattform (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV) zur Ferndetektion von Gaswolken. Für das sogenannte gassensitive Mini-UAV wird ein robuster Open-Path-Gasdetektor auf einer Sensorbewegungsplattform in Form eines modifizierten Kamera-Gimbals, integriert. Ziel ist es, ein leistungsfähiges und robustes Werkzeug zu entwickeln, welches Einsatzkräften im Falle eines Unfalls als Hilfe zur Abschätzung der Gefahr durch Gaswolken, ihrer Ausbreitung und der notwendigen Absperrbereiche zur Verfügung steht. Dieser Artikel ist der zweite der Reihe und legt, nach Projektvorstellung im ersten Teil, nun den Schwerpunkt auf das gassensitive Mini-UAV. KW - UAV KW - Fernerkundung KW - Open-Path-Gasdetektor KW - Alternative Antriebe/Kraftstoffe KW - Behälterversagen PY - 2016 SN - 2191-0073 VL - 6 IS - 11/12 SP - 23 EP - 28 PB - Springer-VDI-Verlag CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-38517 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Schoppa, André A1 - Sczepaniak, Mariusz T1 - Mobile gas cylinders in fire: Consequences in case of failure N2 - Commercial, off-the shelf propane cylinders are subjected to high safety regulations. Furthermore, those cylinders are equipped with safety devices like pressure relief valves (PRV). Despite these regulations and safety measures, a failure of the container is possible if exposed to an intense fire. The result of this is severe hazard for users, rescue forces and infrastructure. Within the framework of a destructive test series, 15 identical propane cylinders, without pressure relief devices, were exposed to an intensive fire in horizontal position until failure. Each cylinder was filled with a mass of m =11 kg of liquid propane. Three different fire sources were used (wood, petrol, propane). The experiments revealed the failure of all cylinders in a time period t < 155 s. The failure lead to a fragmentation into several major parts with throwing distances of up to l =262 m. In all trials, the temperature of the cylinder wall (top, side, bottom), of the liquid phase inside and of the surrounding fire (top, side, bottom) was recorded. In addition, the inner cylinder pressure and the induced overpressure of the blast wave after the failure were recorded. Overpressures of up to p=0.27 bar were recorded close to the cylinder (l =5 m). All tests were documented by video from several positions (general view, close-up, high-speed 5000 fps). This test series creates the basis for further experimental studies in the field of alternative fuels for vehicles. The aim of this test series is to assess and analyse the consequences of the failure of gas vessels (for LPG, CNG, CGH2) in the aftermath of severe incidents. KW - Explosion KW - Gas cylinders KW - Consequences PY - 2017 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037971121730098X U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.05.006 SN - 0379-7112 SN - 1873-7226 VL - 91 SP - 989 EP - 996 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-40550 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Rudolpf, Michael A1 - Schoppa, André A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz T1 - Propangasbehälter im Feuer: Auswirkungen des Versagens N2 - In einer Großversuchsserie wurden auf dem BAM-TTS 15 11-kg-Propangasflaschen ohne Sicherheitseinrichtung mit drei verschiedenen Methoden (Holz, Benzinpool, Gas) unterfeuert. Der Beitrag beschreibt die dokumentierten Auswirkungen (z. B. Fragmentierung, Überdruck), die Art des Versagens sowie den Behälterzustand zum Zeitpunkt des Versagens. T2 - 13. Fachtagung Anlagen-, Arbeits- und Umweltsicherheit CY - Köthen, Germany DA - 16.11.2017 KW - Behälterversagen KW - Gassicherheit KW - Feuerwehr KW - Propan KW - Auswirkungsbetrachtung PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-96057-032-5 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-42954 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Schoppa, Andre A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe A1 - Szcepaniak, Mariusz T1 - Consequences of the failure of mobile gas vessels N2 - Small, mobile propane gas vessels are widely spread and comprise additional hazards in case of a surrounding, intensive fire. The aim of the presented work is to holistically investigate the potential consequences of failure of these off-the-shelf propane gas vessels in case of an absence or malfunction of safety devices. In order to generate a statistically valid dataset, a total of 15 identical propane gas bottles without pressure relief device, each containing m = 11 kg of liquid propane, were underfired in horizontal position. For each selected fire type (wood fire, petrol pool fire, propane gas fire), five vessels were tested under identical conditions. Next to extensive camera equipment including a high-speed camera, systems to record the internal pressure of the gas cylinder, the resulting shock wave overpressure (three positions) and the flame and vessel temperature (three + three positions) during the underfiring were used. Also the unsteady, highly dynamical thermal radiation caused by the explosion of the expanding gas cloud was logged. The fragments were georeferenced and weighed after each test. The experiments prove the failure of all the gas cylinders at a burst pressure of pb = [71 … 98 bar] with a fragmentation into up to seven parts (average: four objects) and a subsequent explosion of the expanding vapour after mixing with the surrounding air. The overpressure measured in the close-up range (distance to the cylinder d = 5 m) resulting from the shockwave caused by the cylinder burst was up to pmax = 0.27 bar, which can potentially lead to significant injuries to humans and damage to building structures and infrastructure, especially in connection with the explosion and the resultant thermal radiation. The distance covered by the fragments after the failure was up to r = 260 m; 47% of the fragments hit the ground more than r = 50 m away from the position of failure. T2 - Hazards 27 CY - Birmingham, UK DA - 10.05.2017 KW - Failure of gas vessels KW - Propane cylinder KW - Gas explosion KW - Consequences KW - Fragmentation PY - 2017 SN - 978-1-911446-57-6 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Instiution of Chemical Engineers CY - Rugby, UK AN - OPUS4-41160 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Schalau, Bernd A1 - Schoppa, André A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz A1 - Mair, Georg T1 - Infrared radiation measurement at failure of mobile gas vessels N2 - 15 identical off-the-shelf propane cylinders (m = 11 kg liquid propane) were underfired. The infrared Radiation of the Explosion, that occurred in the aftermath of the vessel failure, was recorded using four bolometers. These measurements are compared with an estimation of the Maximum intensity gained by an Analysis of the Video data, an Extended Version of the Stefan-Boltzmann law and a BLEVE model. T2 - 26th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems CY - Boston, USA DA - 30.07.2017 KW - Failure of gas vessels KW - Propane cylinder KW - Gas explosion KW - Consequences KW - Infrared radiation PY - 2017 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - FM Global CY - Seattle, USA AN - OPUS4-41993 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Schoppa, André A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz T1 - Auswirkungen von Behälterversagen bei alternativen PKW-Antrieben - Teil 3: Auswirkungen des Versagens von 11-kg-Propangasbehältern im Feuer N2 - In Deutschland gibt es eine große Anzahl von Kraftfahrzeugen, die mit alternativen Antrieben (z. B. LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), CNG (Compressed Natural Gas)) ausgerüstet sind. In zahlreichen Großversuchsserien untersucht die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) im Rahmen des internen Forschungsprojekts CoFi-ABV (Complex Fires – Auswirkungen von Behälterversagen) die Auswirkungen beim Versagen der Treibstoffbehälter dieser alternativen Antriebe. Ziel dieser Untersuchungen ist eine ganzheitliche Auswirkungsbetrachtung, um die Risiken für Feuerwehren und Rettungskräfte besser abschätzen zu können. Im Vorfeld zu den Versuchen für LPG- und CNG-Tanks wurden in einer weiteren Versuchsserie 15handelsübliche 11-kg-Propangasflaschen ohne Sicherheitseinrichtung unterfeuert. Alle 15 Behälter haben – wie zu erwarten war – versagt. Neben den Zustandsdaten des Behälters zum Versagenszeitpunkt (Temperatur des Behältermantels, Innendruck und -temperatur) wurden die Auswirkungen auf die Umgebung hinsichtlich Druckwirkung und Fragmentierung (Anzahl, Masse, Distanz, Richtung) dokumentiert. KW - Behälterversagen KW - Gassicherheit KW - Feuerwehr KW - Propan KW - Auswirkungsbetrachtung PY - 2017 SN - 2191-0073 VL - 7 IS - 11/12 SP - 25 EP - 32 PB - Springer-VDI-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-43270 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Rudolph, Miachael A1 - Schoppa, André A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz ED - Aga, Diana ED - Daugulis, Andrew ED - Li Puma, Gianluca ED - Lyberatos, Gerasimos ED - Tay, Joo Hwa ED - Lima, Éder Claudio T1 - Hazards from failure of CNG automotive cylinders in fire N2 - Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a widely used automotive fuel in a variety of countries. In case of a vehicle fire where the safety device also malfunctions, a failure of the CNG automotive cylinder could occur. Such a cylinder failure is associated with severe hazards for the surrounding environment. Firstly, a comprehensive analysis is given below, summarizing various accidents involving CNG automotive cylinders and their consequences. In an extensive experimental program, 21 CNG automotive cylinders with no safety device were tested. Of the 21, burst tests were carried out on 5 Type III and 5 Type IV cylinders. Furthermore, fire tests with 8 Type III and 3 Type IV cylinders were conducted. Apart from cylinder pressure, inner temperature and cylinder mantle temperature, the periphery consequences, such as nearfield blast pressure and fragmentation are documented. The maximum measured overpressure due to a Type III cylinder failure was p = 0.41 bar. Each traceable fragment was georeferenced. All-in-all, fragment throw distances of d > 300 m could be observed. As one key result, it can be stated that the tested Type IV CNG cylinders showed less critical failure behavior then the Type III cylinders under fire impingement. KW - CNG KW - Composite cylinder KW - Gas cylinder KW - Tank failure KW - Fragments PY - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.026 SN - 0304-3894 SN - 1873-3336 VL - 367 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Elsevier CY - New York City, New York, USA AN - OPUS4-47135 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Schoppa, André A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz T1 - Experimental investigation of failure of LPG gas tanks in passenger cars during full fire development N2 - In continuation of a preceding test series involving sole LPG vehicle tanks, three passenger cars equipped with identical toroidal steel LPG tanks were set on fire. The tanks were installed in the space normally reserved for the spare tyre, in the car boot. No safety device was installed on the tank, in order to force critical failure of the cylinder. Two of the cars were equipped with a tank filled with liquefied propane to a level of 20 % (5.3 kg), the third one was filled completely (25.5 kg). The partially filled tanks failed critically within a time period of more than 20 min after the initiation of the fire. The fully-filled tank did not rupture; the propane was released continuously through a small leak that appeared during the fire. Comprehensive equipment was used to procure measurement data, enabling an analysis of potential consequences and hazards to humans and infrastructure within the vehicle surroundings. The inner status of the tank (pressure, temperature of the liquid phase and the steel casing), the development of the fire (temperature inside and around the vehicle) and the pressure induced in the near-field in case of tank rupture were recorded. The results were analysed in detail and compared against the data gained in tests involving sole, but identical LPG tanks. T2 - FIVE 2018 CY - Boras, Sweden DA - 03.10.2018 KW - Behälterversagen KW - LPG KW - Alternative Antriebe KW - Fahrzeugbrand KW - Auswirkungsbetrachtung PY - 2018 SN - 978-91-88695-95-6 VL - 51 SP - 123 EP - 131 PB - RISE Safety CY - Boras AN - OPUS4-46310 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -