TY - JOUR A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Valkiers, S. A1 - Taylor, P.D.P. A1 - De Bièvre, P. T1 - Calibration in isotopic measurements N2 - The meaning of calibration in general and in the field of isotopic measurements in particular is described, stressing the fundamental difference between calibration as an aim and tools to achieve calibration. The role of proper uncertainty budgeting as a prerequisite for establishing a “calibrated” measurement is explained. It leads to the recommendation that the quality of the uncertainty statement should be heavily weighed when ranking or judging “calibrated” isotopic measurement results evaluated by the Commission on Atomic Weight and Isotopic Abundances. KW - Calibration KW - Uncertainty KW - Measurement result KW - Isotopic measurement PY - 2000 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(00)00162-7 SN - 0168-1176 SN - 0020-7381 SN - 1387-3806 SN - 1873-2798 VL - 198 IS - 1-2 SP - 71 EP - 76 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-912 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - De Bièvre, P. T1 - How to establish traceability in chemical measurements and reference materials? T2 - Symposium "Reference Materials for Technologies in the New Millenium" CY - Berlin, BAM, Germany DA - 2000-05-22 KW - Traceability KW - Reference materials KW - Uncertainty KW - Matrix reference materials KW - Amount standards PY - 2000 SP - 1(?) EP - 7(?) AN - OPUS4-916 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Taylor, P. A1 - De Bièvre, P. T1 - The definition of primary method of measurement (PMM) of the 'highest metrological quality': a challenge in understanding and communication N2 - Problems with understanding, explaining and communication of the present definition of primary method of measurement are described and amendments put forward for discussion. The conclusion is drawn that in many cases more attention should be given to the measurement result and its uncertainty statement, rather than to a method. Some cases are discussed where methods might have a fundamental characteristic that other methods do not have, a condition for the epitheton ’primary'. KW - Primary method of measurement KW - PMM KW - Metrology KW - Uncertainty KW - Chemistry PY - 2001 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00010444 SN - 0949-1775 SN - 1432-0517 VL - 6 IS - 103 SP - 103 EP - 106 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1099 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Metrology in chemistry - a rocky road N2 - The application of metrology in chemical analysis is today hampered by psychological and practical barriers. The argumentation is based on the differences in physical and chemical metrology, which arises mainly from the objects of the measurements. The term “measurement” is discussed in the realm of analytical chemistry with a special focus on the inherent relation between chemical identification and determination as well as the consequent use of the concept of traceability and uncertainty. KW - Metrology in chemistry KW - Chemical analysis KW - Traceability KW - Uncertainty PY - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-007-0909-6 SN - 0026-3672 SN - 1436-5073 VL - 162 IS - 1-2 SP - 35 EP - 41 PB - Springer CY - Wien AN - OPUS4-17727 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - D'Agostino, G. A1 - Bergamaschi, L. A1 - Giordani, L. A1 - Oddone, M. A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Richter, Silke T1 - Use of instrumental neutron activation analysis to investigate the distribution of trace elements among subsamples of solid materials N2 - The results of analytical measurements performed with solid-sampling techniques are affected by the distribution of the analytes within the matrix. The effect becomes significant in case of determination of trace elements in small subsamples. In this framework we propose a measurement model based on Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis to determine the relative variability of the amount of an analyte among subsamples of a material. The measurement uncertainty is evaluated and includes the counting statistics, the full-energy gamma peak efficiency and the spatial gradient of the neutron flux at the irradiation position. The data we obtained in a neutron activation experiment and showing the relative variability of As, Au, Ir, Sb and W among subsamples of a highly pure Rh foil are also presented. KW - Instrumental neutron activation analysis KW - Homogeneity KW - Rhodium KW - Uncertainty PY - 2014 SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 51 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Inst. of Physics Publ. CY - Bristol AN - OPUS4-30302 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -