TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Ghode, Archana A1 - Geng, Sh. A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Plasma-based introduction of monosort functional groups of different type and density onto polymer surfaces. Part 1: Behaviour of polymers exposed to oxygen plasma N2 - Several approaches were investigated to produce monosort functionalized polymer surfaces with a high density and homogeneity of functional groups: (i) Plasma oxidation followed by wet-chemical reduction, (ii) formation of radicals and grafting on of functional group carrying molecules, (iii) plasma bromination followed by (iv) Williamson or Gabriel-like synthesis of spacer molecules, and (v) a pulsed plasma polymerization of functional groups bearing monomers or (vi) their copolymerisation with other comonomers. The formation of hydroxyl (OH), primary amino (NH2), and carboxyl (COOH) groups was studied in detail. The oxygen plasma treatment (i) in a low-pressure non-isothermal glow discharge results in the formation of a wide variety of O functional groups, polymer degradation and crosslinking. Low power densities and short exposure times (0.1 to 2 s) are required to functionalize a surface while preserving the original polymer structure. Carbonate, ester, and aromatic groups are rapidly degraded by an oxygen plasma treatment leading to scissions of polymer backbones and loss in molecular weight. Also the formation of macrocycles and C=C bonds was observed in a region of around 4 nm in depth. The investigated polymers could be classified by their degradation behaviour on exposure to the oxygen plasma.___TAGSTART___BR___TAGEND___ In order to maximize the process selectivity for OH groups, the variety of oxygen functionalities formed by the oxygen plasma was wet-chemically reduced by diborane, vitridetrade (Na complex), and LiAlH4. Typical yields were 9 to 14 OH groups per 100 carbon atoms.___TAGSTART___BR___TAGEND___ Plasma bromination (iii) (40 Br per 100 C atoms) of polymers, followed by grafting of spacer molecules (iv), has been proved to be a highly selective reaction.___TAGSTART___BR___TAGEND___ Another way to produce high densities of monosort functionalities was the pulsed plasma polymerization of functional group bearing monomers such as allylamine, allylalcohol or acrylic acid (v). The retention of chemical structure and functional groups during plasma polymerization was achieved by using low power densities and the pulsed plasma technique. The maximum yields were 30 OH, 18 NH2, and 24 COOH groups per 100 C atoms. To vary the density of functional groups a chemical copolymerization with ''chain-extending'' comonomers such as butadiene and ethylene was initiated in the pulsed plasma (vi). Additionally, the often-observed post-plasma oxidations of such layers initiated by reaction of trapped radicals with oxygen from the air were successfully suppressed by using NO gas as radical quencher. PY - 2003 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/156855403765826865 VL - 10 IS - 2-3 SP - 139 EP - 171 PB - North-Holland CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-2705 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Ghode, Archana A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Mittal, K. L. T1 - Chemically well-defined surface functionalization of polyethylene and polypropylene by pulsed plasma modification followed by grafting of molecules T2 - 2nd International Symposium on Polymer Surface Modification: Relevance to Adhesion CY - Newark, NJ, USA DA - 1999-05-24 KW - Plasma modification KW - Chemical conversion of functional groups KW - Spacers KW - Polypropylene KW - Polyethylene PY - 2000 SN - 90-6764-327-0 VL - 2 SP - 45 EP - 64 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-6975 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Ghode, Archana A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Geng, Shiming A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas ED - Schindel-Bidinelli, E. T1 - Polymeroberflächenfunktionalisierungen im gepulsten Plasma mit nachfolgender chemischer Behandlung T2 - 14. Internationales Symposium Swissbonding ; 14. Internationaler Kongreß Swiss Bonding ; 14th Swiss Bonding 00 CY - Rapperswil, Schweiz DA - 2000-05-16 PY - 2000 SP - 31 EP - 44 PB - SWIBOTECH GmbH CY - Bülach AN - OPUS4-6980 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Decker, Renate A1 - Ghode, Archana A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Selective surface functionalization of polyolefins by plasma treatment followed by chemical reduction N2 - Polymer surfaces can be finished with functional groups upon exposure to a plasma. Species of the plasma gas are attached at surface carbon atoms, forming functional groups of different composition. To produce a modified polymer surface with a high density and homogeneity of hydroxyl groups only, the oxygen-plasma-formed oxygen functional groups were chemically reduced by diborane and LiAlH4 with yields of 10 to 11 OH groups per 100 carbon atoms in the 3 to 5 nm near-surface layer as detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The identification of hydroxyl groups was performed by means of attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and XPS. KW - Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transorm infrared spectroscopy KW - Chemical reduction of functional groups KW - Plasma modification KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy PY - 1999 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00232-7 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 116-119 SP - 796 EP - 801 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-6983 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -