TY - RPRT A1 - Even, Morgane A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - Weiterentwicklung und Validierung eines leistungsfähigen Verfahrens zur Bestimmung von leicht flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VVOC) bei Emissionsmessungen aus Bauprodukten und in der Innenraumluft N2 - Ziel dieses Forschungsprojekts war es, eine leistungsfähige Gesamtstrategie zur Bestimmung von leicht flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VVOC) auf Grundlage der Prüfmethode aus ISO 16000-6 in Verbindung mit EN 16516 vorzuschlagen. Es soll bei Emissionsmessungen sowohl aus Bauprodukten als auch in der Innenraumluft angewendet werden können und ein großes Emissionsspektrum abdecken, um möglichst wenige Einzelprüfungen durchführen zu müssen. Als Gegenstand für sämtliche Untersuchungen diente ein 60-komponentiger Testgasstandard. Mit dessen Hilfe erfolgten dann schließlich systematische Eignungsuntersuchungen für Chromatographiesäulen und Adsorbenzien für die Probenahme, die Untersuchung der Einflüsse von Luftfeuchtigkeit, Probenahmevolumen und -volumenstrom auf die Analyse, Untersuchungen zum Umgang mit Feuchtigkeit in der Probenluft, die Bestimmung von Wiederfindungsraten, Nachweis- und Bestimmungsgrenzen sowie der Robustheit des Verfahrens und der Messunsicherheit im Rahmen der Verfahrensvalidierung. Die entwickelte Messmethode wurde im Rahmen einer Emissionsmessung an einem Polyurethanschaum erprobt. Im Ergebnis entstand eine robuste Methode, die es erlaubt, komplexe VVOC-Gemische mit sehr guter Auflösung und niedrigen Nachweis- und Bestimmungsgrenzen zu analysieren. Ferner wurde ein Vorschlag zur Erweiterung des zu erfassenden Flüchtigkeitsspektrums bis C22 erarbeitet, der zwar nicht vollständig validiert werden konnte, jedoch die prinzipielle Machbarkeit zeigt. KW - VVOC KW - Thermodesorptions-GC/MS KW - Bauproduktemission KW - Innenraumluftqualität PY - 2024 UR - https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/weiterentwicklung-validierung-eines SN - 1862-4804 VL - 131/2024 SP - 1 EP - 154 PB - Umweltbundesamt CY - Dessau-Roßlau AN - OPUS4-61147 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Even, Morgane A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - Selection of gas standards, gas chromatography column and adsorbents for the measurement of very volatile organic compounds (C1–C6) in indoor air N2 - The ISO 16000-6 standard gives directions to adapt the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor and test chamber air to very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs). The same techniques with sorbent-based active sampling, thermal desorption and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) should be used. However, VVOCs require gaseous standards, an adapted GC column and a reliable sampling adsorbent. This work presents experimental results to tackle those three experimental gaps. A stable standard gas mixture containing 47 VVOCs, 13 VOCs and an internal standard was successfully generated. It was employed to study the suitability of seven types of chromatography columns. The use of PLOT (Porous Layer Open Tubular) columns such as PoraBOND Q is well suitable for VVOC analysis. The recoveries of the 60 analytes on a total of 16 adsorbents and their combinations were determined: A combination of the graphitized carbon black Carbograph 5TD 40/60 and the carbon molecular sieve CarbosieveTM SII showed great recoveries for all analytes. Carbon molecular sieves adsorb water which can impair the analysis. A dry purge of the multi-sorbent in the sampling direction led to a complete water removal and promising recoveries of the analytes. KW - VVOC KW - VOC KW - ISO 16000-6 KW - Gas chromatography KW - Thermal desorption KW - Air sampling PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2022.340561 SN - 0003-2670 VL - 1238 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-56366 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Even, Morgane A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - On the use of Carbograph 5TD as an adsorbent for sampling VVOCs: validation of an analytical method N2 - A standardised method for the analysis of very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs) in indoor air is still missing. This study evaluates the use of Carbograph 5TD as an adsorbent for 60 compounds (47 VVOCs + 13 VOCs) by comparing their recoveries with different spiking modes. The influence of the spiking of the tubes in dry nitrogen, humidified air or along the whole flushing duration mimicking real sampling was investigated. 49 substances (36 VVOCs from C1 to C6) had recoveries over 70% on the adsorbent in humidified air and were validated. The linearity of the calibration curves was verified for every spiking mode and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were determined. The LOQs were lower than the existing indoor air guideline values. The robustness of the method was considered by studying the influence of the sampling volume, the sampling flow rate, the humidity level and the storage of the tubes. In general, the most volatile or polar substances were the less robust ones. The combined measurement uncertainty was calculated and lies below 35% for a vast majority of the substances. An example of an emission chamber test using polyurethane foam is shown: Carbograph 5TD performs much better than Tenax® TA for VVOCs and emissions from n-butane were quantified with combined measurement uncertainty. KW - VVOC KW - Gas chromatography KW - Thermal desorption KW - Air sampling PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-581113 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AY00677H VL - 15 IS - 31 SP - 3810 EP - 3821 AN - OPUS4-58111 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Even, Morgane A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - Measurement of very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs) in indoor air by sorbent-based active sampling: Identifying the gaps towards standardisation N2 - The ISO 16000-6 standard describes a method for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor and test chamber air by sorbent-based active sampling, thermal desorption and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It also gives directions to adapt this methodology to very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs). Indeed, toxicologically based guideline values are being implemented for these compounds and it becomes necessary to measure them. But a comprehensive and robust measurement method is lacking. This work highlights the points that still need to be explored towards the standardisation of a suitable procedure: investigations on sorbent combinations, the suitability of chromatography columns and the use of gaseous standards are required. The biggest challenge remains in the fact that strong sorbents adsorb water together with VVOCs. Water may impair the analysis and the optimal approach to eliminate it is still to be found and integrated into the sampling strategy. KW - Solvents KW - Air analysis KW - VOC KW - Thermal desorption KW - Gas chromatography KW - ISO 16000-6 PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-523919 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2021.116265 VL - 140 SP - 116265 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-52391 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Klinge, A. A1 - Radeljic, L. A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Natural building materials for interior fitting and refurbishment - What about indoor emissions? N2 - Indoor air quality can be adversely affected by emissions from building materials, consequently having a negative impact on human health and well-being. In this study, more than 30 natural building materials (earth dry boards and plasters, bio-based insulation materials, and boards made of wood, flax, reed, straw, etc.) used for interior works were investigated as to their emissions of (semi-) volatile organic compounds ((S)VOC), formaldehyde, and radon. The study focused on the emissions from complete wall build-ups as they can be used for internal Partition walls and the internal insulation of external walls. Test chambers were designed, allowing the compounds to release only from the surface of the material facing indoors under testing Parameters that were chosen to simulate model room conditions. The emission test results were evaluated using the AgBB evaluation scheme, a procedure for the health-related evaluation of construction products and currently applied for the approval of specific groups of building materials in Germany. Seventeen out of 19 sample build-ups tested in this study would have passed this scheme since they generally proved to be low-emitting and although the combined emissions of multiple materials were tested, 50% of the measurements could be terminated before half of the total testing time. KW - Bio-based insulation KW - Earthen building materials KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Semivolatile organic compounds KW - Radon PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-519634 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14010234 VL - 14 IS - 1 (Special issue: Measurement of the environmental impact of materials) SP - 234-1 EP - 234-14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-51963 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Determination of recovery rates of adsorbents for sampling very volatile organic compounds (C1-C6) in dry and humid air in the sub-ppb range by use of thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry N2 - The reliable measurement of very volatile organic compounds (VVOC) in indoor air by use of thermal desorption gas chromatography (TD-GC) in order to include them into evaluation schemes for building products even nowadays is a great challenge. For capturing these small molecules with carbon numbers ranging from C 1 –C 6 , strong adsorbents are needed. In the present study, recovery rates of nine suitable adsorbents of the groups of porous polymers, graphitised carbon blacks (GCB) and carbon molecular sieves (CMS) are tested against a complex test gas standard containing 29 VVOC. By consideration of the recovery and the relative humidity (50% RH), combinations of the GCB Carbograph 5TD, the two CMS Carboxen 1003 and Carbosieve SII as well as the porous polymer Tenax® GR were identified to be potentially suitable for sampling the majority of the VVOC out of the gas mix. The results reveal a better performance of the adsorbents in combination than being used alone, particularly under humid sampling conditions. The recovery rates of the chosen compounds on each adsorbent should be in the range of 80–120%. KW - VVOC KW - Indoor Air: Adsorbent performance KW - Recovery rate KW - Thermal desorption KW - Gas chromatography PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461389 VL - 1626 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-51106 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wander, Lukas A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Rurack, Knut A1 - Biyikal, Mustafa A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Bernstein, Thomas A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Noske, Reinhard T1 - Kompaktsensor zur Online-Überwachung von Nitroaromaten N2 - Nitroaromaten und insbesondere Trinitrotoluol (TNT) sind weit verbreitete Spreng- und Umweltschadstoffe. Die größte Herausforderung bei der Detektion von TNT in der Gasphase ist der geringe Dampfdruck. Derzeit werden vielerorts günstige, schnelle, handliche und einfach zu bedienende Alternativen zur klassischen TNT-Analytik entwickelt. Aktuell existieren keine einheitlichen Richtlinien für Sprengstoffsensoren. Hier wird die Entwicklung eines Messplatzes zur Validierung von Sprengstoffsensoren sowie die Erprobung eines kompakten Mustersensors vorgestellt. T2 - 12. Kolloquium Prozessanalytik CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 28.11.2016 KW - Nitroaromaten KW - Fluoreszenzlöschung KW - Sensor PY - 2016 SP - P11, 61 EP - 62 AN - OPUS4-38402 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Klinge, A. A1 - Roswag, E. A1 - Fontana, Patrick A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo T1 - Indoor air emission tests of natural materials N2 - Emissions of building materials might have negative impact on human health and well-being. In the EU-funded research project H-House more than 30 natural materials (earthen dry boards and plasters, bio-based insulation materials made of wood, flax, reed, straw, etc.) used for renovation and refurbishment were tested regarding emissions of VOC, formaldehyde and radon. Different to ordinary emission tests on single materials this study focuses on the emissions from complete wall assemblies. Therefore, specially designed test chambers were used allowing the compounds to release only from the surface of the material facing indoors. The testing parameters were chosen in order to simulate model room conditions. The emission results were finally evaluated using the AgBB evaluation scheme, a procedure currently applied for the approval of flooring materials in Germany. T2 - 1st ICBBM - International conference on bio-based building materials CY - Clermont-Ferrand, France DA - 22.06.2015 KW - Emission testing KW - Natural materials KW - VOC KW - Formaldehyde KW - Radon PY - 2015 SN - 978-2-35158-154-4 SP - 641 EP - 643 AN - OPUS4-33609 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Barthel, Mathias A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Rothhardt, Monika A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Measurement of fine and ultrafine particles from office devices during printing in order to develop a test method for the Blue Angel ecolabel for office-based printing devices N2 - The research project on which this report is based focuses on the measurement of particulate emissions in the area of fine and ultrafine particles from laser printing devices. Against the backdrop of a public debate about possible hazards related to these emissions, ⁠UBA⁠ has commissioned BAM to develop a measurement method for these emissions, to expand the existing awarding criteria for the "Blue Angel" ecolabel by the aspect of particle emissions and to physically and chemically analyse particulate emissions. The resulting awarding criteria will be submitted to RAL later this year. ⁠Emission⁠ characteristics of laser printing devices, conclusions on awarding criteria and interim results of the project were discussed in three sessions of a project-related expert group. KW - Bürogeräte KW - Laserdrucker KW - Partikelemissionen PY - 2013 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/measurement-of-fine-ultrafine-particles-from-office SN - 1862-4804 VL - 75 IS - UBA-FBNr: 001743/E / FKZ: 3708 95 301 SP - 1-142, Suppl.RAL-UZ-122 1-39 PB - Umweltbundesamt CY - Dessau-Roßlau AN - OPUS4-28987 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Barthel, Mathias A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Rothhardt, Monika A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Erfassung der Zahl feiner und ultrafeiner Partikel aus Bürogeräten während der Druckphase zur Entwicklung eines Prüfverfahrens für das Umweltzeichen Blauer Engel für Bürogeräte mit Druckfunktion KW - Bürogeräte KW - Laserdrucker KW - Partikelemissionen PY - 2013 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/erfassung-zahl-feiner-ultrafeiner-partikel-aus SN - 1862-4804 VL - 74 IS - FKZ/Projektnr. 3708 95 301 UBA-FBNr. 001743 SP - 1-146, Anh. 1-39 PB - Umweltbundesamt CY - Dessau-Roßlau AN - OPUS4-28988 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -