TY - JOUR A1 - Gopala, Anil A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich T1 - Real time monitoring of chemical transformations during catalytic reduction using gas source mass spectrometry: carbon/zinc carbonate hydroxide JF - Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry N2 - We report herein the utilization of a vacuum reduction distillation system (VRDS) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) to characterize chemical transformations in thermal analysis. The system initially designed to monitor metal purification by distillation is applied for the first time to the catalytic reaction of in situ formed nickel oxide during the carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide. PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c004179c SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 25 SP - 1378 EP - 1380 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-21911 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gopala, Anil A1 - Zellmann, M. A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Mass spectrometric study of the impurity profile in Zn during reduction-distillation of ZnO with activated and inactivated Al JF - Journal of the American society for mass spectrometry N2 - In this work, we report on the application of hyphenated gas source mass spectrometry to study and understand the mechanism of the reduction-distillation of ZnO using Al powder as reductant in its activated and inactivated form. The experiments revealed that the purity of the Zn metal produced were superior using activated Al with respect to inactivated Al, i.e., m5N8 (99.9998% metallic based) versus m5N3. The achieved purity levels of Zn and the absence of high volatile Cd, Mg, and Sb impurities in the gas phase and the material collected were explained with respect to the impurity elements free-energy values, vapor pressure data, and an observed scavenging effect of the Ta crucible, which was supported by the on-line observed mass spectrometric profiles of the residual gas. PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2010.04.009 SN - 1044-0305 VL - 21 IS - 9 SP - 1620 EP - 1623 PB - Elsevier CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-21910 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -