TY - CONF A1 - Moldenhauer, Laura A1 - Helmerich, Rosemarie A1 - Köppe, Enrico A1 - Haamkens, Frank A1 - Wittmann, Jochen ED - Aulova, Alexandra ED - Rogelj Ritonja, Alenka ED - Emri, Igor T1 - Experimental feasibility study about moisture in building materials measured with bluetooth N2 - Structural health monitoring contributes to early damage detection in the built infrastructure. During the last two decades, the sensor networks transferred from wired to wireless sensor networks. Several methods exist to measure moisture in building materials. Most of the introduced commercial humidity measurement methods as provide information about the local or near surface moisture. A feasibility study is presented to demonstrate, how the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of a BlueTooth® Low Energy (BLE) signal, transmitted from the BLE-module embedded in building materials with changing moisture content. The BLE-module communicates with a mobile Smart Device as tablet or mobile phone. The RSSI indicates to what extend the received signal strength is changed due to moisture, while the transmitted signal strength remains constant. T2 - The 33rd Danubia Adria Symposium on Advances in experimental mechanics CY - Portoroz, Slovenia DA - 20.09.2016 KW - Bluetooth KW - Moisture KW - Measurement KW - Water dipoles KW - RSSI PY - 2016 SN - 978-961-94081-0-0 SP - 60 EP - 61 PB - SSEM--Slovene Society of Experimental Mechanics CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia AN - OPUS4-38086 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Helmerich, Rosemarie A1 - Zunkel, Astrid A1 - Häcker, Ralf T1 - Cast iron arch bridges - part of the world heritage N2 - Cast iron arch bridges were built in the late 18th and early 19th century across Europe. After the famous Iron Bridge in the Ironbridge Gorge in Coalbrookdale in England, being now part of the UNESCO world heritage, many cast iron bridges followed and substituted timber bridges. A series of cast iron bridges has been built in central Europe, in Laasan, Breslau, (now Wrocław), in Berlin, Potsdam, Bad Muskau and Schwerin. The paper gives an overview about the current state of some remaining cast iron arch bridges, typical damage cases, material properties and rehabilitation. Most of the old cast iron arch bridges serve as pedestrian bridges. Some of these bridges have been strengthened to increase the traffic load. Different rehabilitation measures as substitution of parts of the bridges and strengthening using Carbon Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) are discussed. T2 - 8th International Conference on arch bridges CY - Wroclaw, Poland DA - 05.10.2016 KW - Arch bridges KW - Cast iron KW - Materials parameter KW - Rehabilitation PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38088 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helmerich, Rosemarie A1 - Mielentz, Frank A1 - Milmann, Boris A1 - Adam, Louisa A1 - Villalobos, S. A1 - Guimaraes, M. A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert T1 - Detection of cracks perpendicular to the surface using acoustic methods N2 - Cracks perpendicular to the surface may be initial indicators for a deterioration process of concrete structures. Moisture penetrates inside the structure and transports adverse chemicals. The paper presents an investigation about the reliability of available commercial non-destructive evaluation techniques to reliably estimate the depth of surface-breaking cracks in reinforced concrete structures. Aim of the study was the investigation of surface-braking cracks under laboratory conditions. Commercial acoustic devices as impact echo equipment, single ultrasonic transducers and arrays were applied even if they have not been developed for this purpose. The commercial software and descriptions for application was followed strictly to compare the function, precision and repeatability of the measurements. Both, perpendicular notches and cracks have been considered. The study was completed with a discussion about reference specimens. The study was the basis for formulation of gaps in research. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) has initiated and funded a Project. T2 - NDT-CE 2015 - International symposium non-destructive testing in civil engineering CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.09.2015 KW - Acoustic test KW - Commercial acoustic devices KW - Ultrasonic test KW - Crack depth KW - Concrete specimens PY - 2015 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-345729 UR - https://www.ndt.net/?id=18412 SN - 1435-4934 VL - 20 IS - 11 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - NDT.net CY - Kirchwald AN - OPUS4-34572 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Helmerich, Rosemarie T1 - Bridge knowledge management using ontologies N2 - Bridges represent a crucial part of traffic infrastructure networks for both, freight transport and transport of people. None the less, sometimes it is not easy for infrastructure owners to manage or extract data and knowledge of interest about specific bridges from bridge management systems, e.g. along a line. In case of search for a special material parameter or for a recent strengthening measure, the selection of the wanted information may be time consuming. The search process depends on the complexity of the selected issue. The paper presents the applicability of ontologies, a new tool from artificial intelligence transferred to bridge engineering issues. Current modern ontologies consider the rules from the World Wide Web consortium (W3C), use a defined Web Ontology Language (OWL) and the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI®) to describe the members of a domain and the relations between them in a machine readable manor. Any information, data as well as text information is broken down to a simple triple (RDF) in a subject- predicate- object relation to organize the link between them. Advantage over any type of data base is processibility due to the use of restrictions and axioms. Visualization plug-ins, as OntoGraph or GraphViz, can visualize the structure of the ontology or parts of it and the described relations. In the recent years, ontology editors like e.g. Protégé, were developed to enable domain experts to structure a specific domain. The editor is still under development. None the less, the study shows exemplarily, how an ontology for riveted steel bridges could consider results from testing in the laboratory and in the field. Besides typical materials, typical damage processes defects and structures, applicable methods are formalized, classified and described. Queries using e.g. DL-Query may address tasks of interest and extract it from the ontology. T2 - IABMAS Conference 2016 CY - Foz do Iguacu, Brazil DA - 26.06.2016 KW - Bridge KW - Bridge testing KW - Defect KW - Semantic knowledge management KW - Ontology PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38477 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Helmerich, Rosemarie T1 - Active Thermography N2 - Active thermography is a nondestructive testing method for identification of near surface defects and signs of early deterioration. The presentation explains the potential and Limits of the method and the equipment for application to concrete structures. Advanced data analysis can increase the quality of imaging of the measurement. The method is usually applied once for analysis of the current condition. If applied periodically, the method can be used for observation of a deterioration process. T2 - NDT&E Advanced Training Workshop 2016 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.07.2016 KW - Active thermography KW - Nondestructive testing KW - Data analysis KW - Imaging KW - Bond defect detection KW - Defect localization KW - Automated scanning PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38478 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Helmerich, Rosemarie ED - Frangopol, Dan ED - Bittencourt, Tulio N. ED - Beck, André T. T1 - Bridge knowledge management using ontologies N2 - The amount of new knowledge about bridges, materials they are made of, deterioration processes for the different materials, resulting defects, methods for early detection of them and related causes for damage increases day by day. Often the knowledge remains in the heads of ageing specialists leaving the inspection teams or universities. This paper presents a feasibility study about application of a new tool from artificial intelligence to model and organize bridge engineering knowledge from a domain expert´s view. Exemplarily, knowledge and not only data from bridge testing in the field and in the laboratory were formalized for the presentation of the functionality of ontologies. T2 - IABMAS Conference 2016 CY - Foz Do Iguacu, Brasilien DA - 26.06.2016 KW - Ontology KW - riveted steel bridges KW - Bridge knowledge KW - representation of knowledge PY - 2016 SN - 1138028517 SP - 455 EP - 455 PB - CRC PRess Balkema CY - Leiden, Netherlands AN - OPUS4-38494 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Moldenhauer, Laura A1 - Helmerich, Rosemarie A1 - Köppe, Enrico A1 - Haamkens, Frank A1 - Wittmann, Jochen T1 - Experimental feasibility study about moisture in building materials measured with bluetooth N2 - This feasibility study presents how the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of a Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE) signal, transmitted from the BLE-module embedded in building materials with changing moisture content, is damped. The BLE-module (TRANSMITTER) communicates with a mobile Smart Device as tablet or mobile phone (RECEIVER) [Fig. 1]. The measured RSSI indicates to what extend the received signal strength is changed due to moisture, while the transmitted signal strength remains constant. T2 - Danube Adria Symposium DAS2016 CY - Portoroz, Slovenia DA - 20.09.2016 KW - Bluetooth Low Energy KW - Moisture KW - Experimental study PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38522 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane A1 - Kind, Thomas A1 - Köpp, Christian A1 - Helmerich, Rosemarie T1 - CHEF - Cultural heritage protection against flooding N2 - CHEF provides knowledge about flood protection of cultural heritage objects and directly supports the European Floods Directive by giving recommendations on how to assess the vulnerability of monuments. A comprehensive analysis of protective measures BEFORE, DURING and AFTER a flood has been carried out within the project, including technical and administrational measures. An overview of these measures is given, followed by recommendations on how to establish the most effective protective strategies. KW - Cultural heritage KW - Flood protection KW - Flood risks PY - 2011 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-385463 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-38546 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Helmerich, Rosemarie A1 - Häcker, Ralf A1 - Zunkel, Astrid ED - Biliszczuk, Jan ED - Bien, Jan T1 - Cast iron arch bridges - part of the world heritage N2 - Cast iron arch bridges were built in the late 18th and early 19th century across Europe. After the famous Iron Bridge in the Ironbridge Gorge in Coalbrookdale in England, being now part of the UNESCO world heritage, many cast iron bridges followed and substituted timber bridges. A series of cast iron bridges has been built in central Europe, in Laasan, Breslau, (now Wrocław), in Berlin, Potsdam, Bad Muskau and Schwerin. The paper gives an overview about the current state of some remaining cast iron arch bridges, typical damage cases, material properties and rehabilitation. Most of the old cast iron arch bridges serve as pedestrian bridges. Some of these bridges have been strengthened to increase the traffic load. Different rehabilitation measures as substitution of parts of the bridges and strengthening using Carbon Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) are discussed. T2 - Arch 2016 CY - Wroclaw, Poland DA - 05.10.2016 KW - Arch bridges KW - Cast iron KW - Materials parameters KW - Rehabilitytion PY - 2016 SN - 978-83-7125-265-5 SP - 194 EP - 197 PB - Dolnośląskie wydawnictwo edukacyjne CY - Wroclaw, Poland AN - OPUS4-38476 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Helmerich, Rosemarie T1 - Active thermography N2 - Active thermography is introduced as tool for diagnostics in civil engineering structures. Aside from basic information, examples for applications of active thermography in different types of structures was presented. Active thermography was applied in historic structures to reveal former components or even ancient openings. Other examples present active thermography as a tool for nondestructive detection of debonding in CFRP strengthened structures. The way is explained, how the system was optimized for different materials. T2 - NDT&E Advanced Training Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.07.2017 KW - Active thermography KW - Strengthening KW - Nondestructive testing KW - Civil structures PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42920 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -