TY - THES A1 - Hünert, Daniela T1 - Korrosionsprozesse und Aufkohlung von ferritisch-martensitischen Stählen in H2O-CO2 Atmosphären N2 - Ca. ein Viertel des in Deutschland emittierten CO2stammt aus fossil befeuerten Dampfkraftwerken, dessen Anteil es durch die Weiterentwicklung von CO2-Abtrennungstechnologien mit anschließender Speicherung in geologischen Formationen und durch die Gestaltung neuer CO2-armer Kraftwerksprozesse zu reduzieren gilt. Die hierzu in Deutschland laufenden Programme werden unter anderem innerhalb des COORETEC-Programms (CO2-Reduktions-Technologie-Programm) koordiniert [COR-04]. Allen CO2-Reduktionstechnologien ist gemein, dass die Erzeugung von speicherfähigem CO2 (Luftzerlegung zur Produktion von reinem Sauerstoff, der Separationsprozess von CO2 aus dem Rauchgas und das Komprimieren des CO2) energieaufwändig ist. Um eine CO2- Abtrennung aus den Rauchgasen und dessen Kompression wirtschaftlich zu machen, wird für kohlebefeuerte Kraftwerke eine Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades der thermisch-elektrischen Energiewandlung angestrebt [KRA-06]. Der Wirkungsgrad ist das Verhältnis der gewonnenen elektrischen Leistung zur Wärme, die aus der Verbrennung eines Brennstoffes entsteht [DUB-90]. Er lasst sich für Dampfkraftwerke unter anderem erhöhen durch die Anhebung der Dampfparameter (Druck und Temperatur). Derzeit liegen die Dampfparameter im Bereich von 600°C und 250 bar Druck [VIS-00][VIS-06] und sollen auf 720 °C Dampftemperatur und 350 bar Druck angehoben werden [COR-99]. Eine Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades des Grundkraftwerks ohne CO2-Abscheidung von 50 % oder mehr wird angestrebt, um eine CO2-Speicherung technisch und wirtschaftlich möglich machen [COR- 04]. Ein Ziel sind Dampfkraftwerke mit Oxyfuel-Verbrennung, bei denen die Abtrennung von CO2 nach dem Verbrennungsprozess stattfindet (post-combustion) [VAT-08]. Die Kohle wird mit reinem Sauerstoff an Stelle von Luft zu einem kohlendioxidangereicherten Rauchgas umgesetzt, aus denen sich nach der Kondensation des Wassers, der Entschwefelung und der Entstickung je nach Stickstoffanteil des Brennstoffs ein kohlendioxidreiches Gas generieren lasst. Je nach Kohle und Vorbehandlung der Kohlen variiert der CO2-Gehalt am Verbrennungsraumausgang (Boiler) zwischen 50 und 70 Vol %. Der Wasseranteil beträgt 16-25 Vol % und der überschüssige Sauerstoff ändert sich im Bereich von 2,5 und 4,5 Vol % [KAs-08-1][ KAs-08-2][BOI-09][CAU-09][STR-09]. Das gleiche Verbrennungsgas entsteht wahrend der druckgeladenen Wirbelschichtfeuerung mit reinem Sauerstoff [HON-09]. Für die Korrosionsuntersuchungen in dieser Arbeit wurde eine Gaszusammensetzung von 70 mol % Kohlendioxid und 30 mol % Wasserdampf genutzt. Ein Schaubild der von Vattenfall im September 2008 in Betrieb genommenen Oxyfuel-Pilotanlage ist in Abbildung 1-1 zu sehen. Wichtige Komponenten sind der gesamte Dampfkreislauf mit Dampfturbine, die Luftzerlegungsanlage zur Erzeugung von reinem Sauerstoff und der Kessel, in dem die eigentliche Verbrennung stattfindet, sowie die Entstaubung und Entschwefelung [VAT-08]. Eine weitere effiziente Technologie mit CO2-Abscheidung stellt der IGCC-Prozess (Integrated Gasification Combustion Cycle) dar. Er gehört zu den pre-combustion-Technologien, bei denen die Abscheidung des CO2 vor der Verbrennung stattfindet. An dieser Stelle sei auf die umfangreiche Literatur hingewiesen, in der IGCC-Prozesstechnik thematisiert wird. Die Entwicklung und die Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe spielen bei Erhöhung der Wirkungsgrade in Oxyfuel-Kraftwerken eine bedeutende Rolle, da sie erhöhten Dampfparametern und veränderten Rauchgaszusammensetzungen widerstehen müssen. Heute werden die Dampferzeugerrohre und Dampf führende Rohrleitungen in konventionellen Kohle befeuerten Dampfkraftwerken aus kriechfesten und korrosionsbeständigen Materialien gefertigt, die unter Kraftwerksbedingungen eine Lebensdauer von 100 000 h erreichen sollen [HAH-04][VIS-00][VIS-06][FUJ-92][ENN-07-2]. In Abhängigkeit von der Belastung werden für die verschiedenen Komponenten im Kraftwerk unterschiedliche Werkstoffe eingesetzt, welche optimiert für die anliegenden Bedingungen sind. Der Kessel (Verbrennungsraum) besteht aus einem Rohrsystem, die Membranwände genannt werden. Diese werden in mit Luft befeuerten Kraftwerken aus niedrig legierten Stahlen wie z.B. 13CrMo44 und T24 gefertigt. Sie werden maximal Temperaturen bis 525 °C ausgesetzt [ASM-96][VIS-00]. Innerhalb des Verbrennungsraumes sind Überhitzerrohre angeordnet, in denen Wasserdampf überhitzt und unter Druck gesetzt wird. Für Überhitzerrohre werden kriechresistente ferritisch-martensitische Stähle genutzt, welche sich durch eine hohe Festigkeit, hohe Bruchzähigkeit, Schweißbarkeit und im Vergleich zu austenitischen Stahlen geringen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten auszeichnen [BEN- 02][VIS-00][VIS-06]. Die höchsten Einsatztemperaturen liegen für die ferritisch-martensitischen Stähle in Abhängigkeit ihrer Kriechfestigkeit heute bei maximal 620°C [VIS-00][VIS-06]. Typische Vertreter gehören zur Gruppe der hochwarmfesten Stahle 9-12 % Chrom-Stahle (z.B. X20CrMoV12-1, T91, T92) [BUR-06]. Die Anhebung der Dampfparameter Druck und Temperatur in Kombination mit der veränderten Rauchgaszusammensetzung im Oxyfuel-Kraftwerk haben einen unbekannten Einfluss auf die in Kraftwerken typischerweise eingesetzten kriech- und korrosionsresistenten Werkstoffe. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden entsprechend den beschriebenen Bedingungen Temperaturen zwischen 500 und 650 °C, Drucke von 1, 30 und 80 bar und eine Gaszusammensetzung von 30 mol % H2O und 70 mol % CO2 auf verschiedene Stahle angewendet. Die Einflüsse der genannten Parameter sind Gegenstand dieser Arbeit. T3 - BAM Dissertationsreihe - 61 KW - CO2-capture KW - carburization KW - corrosion KW - steel KW - power plant KW - Carbon-dioxide-steam PY - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-978 SN - 978-3-9813550-4-8 SN - 1613-4249 VL - 61 SP - 1 EP - 189 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-97 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kranzmann, Axel A1 - Neddemeyer, Torsten A1 - Ruhl, Aki Sebastian A1 - Hünert, Daniela A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Oder, Gabriele A1 - Saliwan Neumann, Romeo T1 - The challenge in understanding the corrosion mechanisms under oxyfuel combustion conditions N2 - Basic research on the corrosive effect of flue gases has been performed at the BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (Germany). Conditions at both high and low temperatures were simulated in specially designed experiments. Carburization occured in flue gases with high CO2 content and temperatures higher than 500 °C. In SO2 containing flue gases sulphur was detected in the oxide scale. At lower temperatures no corrosion was observed when gases with low humidity were investigated. Humidity higher than 1500 ppm was corrosive and all steels with Cr contents lower than 12% revealed corroded surfaces. At low temperatures below 10 °C a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acid condensed on metal surfaces. Acid condensation caused severe corrosion. Humidity, CO2, O2, and SO2 contents are the important factors determining corrosion. Below 300 °C acid condensation is the primary reason for corrosion. Low humidity and low temperatures are conditions which can be expected in the CO2 separation and treatment process. This work includes major conditions of the flue gas and CO2 stream in CCS plants and CCS technology. KW - Coal KW - Oxyfuel power plant KW - Corrosion KW - Carburization KW - Sulphur KW - Sulphuric acid PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.05.029 SN - 1750-5836 VL - 5 IS - Supplement 1 SP - S168 EP - S178 PB - Elsevier CY - New York, NY [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-24705 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hünert, Daniela A1 - Schulz, Wencke A1 - Kranzmann, Axel T1 - Corrosion of steels in H2O-CO2 atmospheres between 500°C and 700°C T2 - 15th International Conference on the Properties of Water and Steam CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2008-09-07 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18051 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kranzmann, Axel A1 - Hünert, Daniela T1 - Influence of pressure and chromium content on corrosion reactions at 600 C in a CO2-H2O atmosphere T2 - NACE CORROSION 2008 Conference and Expo CY - New Orleans, LA, USA DA - 2008-03-16 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-16450 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nofz, Marianne A1 - Sojref, Regine A1 - Dreßler, Martin A1 - Hünert, Daniela A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Saliwan Neumann, Romeo T1 - Sol-gel alumina coatings for high-temperature corrosion protection of Ni-base alloy SC16 in water vapour containing atmosphere N2 - Alumosols in combination with well dispersed corundum were successfully used to form up to 2.5 ìm thick coatings on the Ni-base alloy SC16. These coatings withstood heat treatments at 700 °C in a water vapour containing atmosphere. The heat treatment caused formation of delta-alumina in the coating and diffusion of chromium and titanium into the coating. KW - Alumina KW - Coating KW - Sol-gel KW - Corrosion KW - Protection PY - 2009 SN - 0020-5214 VL - 58 IS - 4 SP - 192 EP - 195 PB - DVS-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-19726 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kranzmann, Axel A1 - Hünert, Daniela A1 - Rooch, Heidemarie A1 - Urban, Ingrid A1 - Schulz, Wencke A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Reactions at the interface between steel and oxide scale in wet CO2 containing atmospheres N2 - The resistance of structural steels against corrosion in CO2-H2O and CO2-H2O-O2 atmospheres at temperatures above 550°C was observed with high magnification methods. The test atmosphere is the basic composition of an oxyfuel coal combustion atmosphere. The analytical information base was applied to develop reaction schemes for the oxidation of steels. It was demonstrated that the formation of phases and the kinetics of oxidation reactions in this atmospheres is affected by the formation of intermediate iron hydroxide and a high carbon activity. In the temperature regime above 550°C the thermal equilibrium between H2O, CO2 and Fe reacted and formed CO. CO triggers the formation of FeO and carbides and increases the reaction kinetics. Porosity at the interface is established by gaseous phases such as Fe(OH)2 or H2O. H2 formation is not limited to the steel - oxide interface but can occur in the whole oxide scale. Examples of the experimental results were compared with a thermodynamic approach. The objective of the work was to derive qualitative rules of the basic corrosion reactions. T2 - NACE International corrosion conference 2009 CY - Atlanta, Georgia, USA DA - 2009-03-22 KW - High temperature corrosion KW - Corrosion gases KW - Mild steels KW - 9-12% Cr-steels KW - Hydrogen transport KW - Oxyfuel combustion PY - 2009 SP - 1 EP - 10 (Paper 09265) AN - OPUS4-22334 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hünert, Daniela A1 - Schulz, Wencke A1 - Nitschke, Heike A1 - Saliwan Neumann, Romeo A1 - Oder, Gabriele A1 - Kranzmann, Axel T1 - Corrosion behaviour of ferritic and martensitic power plant steels under conditions of dual atmospheres N2 - The most efficient construction materials for boiler water walls and superheaters in steam power plants are ferritic and martensitic steels. In practical operation tubes are simultaneously exposed to combustion gas and air/steam on their opposite surfaces. The corrosion behaviour of ferritic-martensitic steels under such dual atmospheres is nondistinctive and has therefore been investigated in a special designed test equipment between 500 and 620°C. The power plant conditions were simulated wi th a flowing and pressurised (80 bar) combustion gas on the inner side of the tube which mainly consists of H2O and/or CO2. On the outer side, the tube material was exposed to air. It was discovered that under similar temperatures the oxides formed on the air side under dual atmosphere conditions were significantly different to the oxide scales formed when the alloy was exposed to air only. It is assumed that the anomalous corrosion behaviour during the dual atmosphere exposure is due to the hydrogen transport through the bulk alloy from the combustion gas side to the air side. T2 - NACE International corrosion conference 2009 CY - Atlanta, Georgia, USA DA - 2009-03-22 KW - High temperature corrosion KW - Dual atmosphere KW - Corrosive gases KW - Mild steels KW - 9-12% Cr-steels KW - Hydrogen transport PY - 2009 SP - 1 EP - 10 (Paper 09263) AN - OPUS4-22335 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hünert, Daniela A1 - Schulz, Wencke A1 - Nitschke, Heike A1 - Saliwan Neumann, Romeo A1 - Oder, Gabriele A1 - Kranzmann, Axel T1 - Corrosion behaviour of ferritic and martensitic power plant steels under conditions of dual atmospheres T2 - NACE 2009 CY - Atlanta, GA, USA DA - 2009-03-22 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-22713 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hünert, Daniela A1 - Schulz, Wencke A1 - Kranzmann, Axel T1 - Impact of hot CO2 rich gases on steels T2 - Clean Coal Conference (CCT) CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2009-05-18 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-22714 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hünert, Daniela A1 - Schulz, Wencke A1 - Kranzmann, Axel T1 - Corrosion behavior of ferritic and martensitic power plant steels under conditions of dual atmospheres N2 - The most efficient construction materials for boiler water walls and superheaters in steam power plants are ferritic and martensitic steels. In practical operation, tubes are exposed simultaneously to combustion gas and air/steam on their opposite surfaces. The corrosion behavior of ferritic-martensitic steels under such dual atmospheres is nondistinctive and has been investigated in a specially designed test equipment between 500°C and 620°C. The power plant conditions were simulated with a flowing and pressurized (80 bar) combustion gas on the inner side of the tube, which contains water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). On the outer side, tube material was exposed to air. Oxides that formed on the air side under dual atmosphere conditions were significantly different from the oxide scales formed when the alloy was exposed to air only. It is assumed that the anomalous corrosion behavior during the dual atmosphere exposure is due to hydrogen and carbon diffusion through the bulk alloy from the combustion gas side to the air side. Both species are produced when the material reacts with the gas phase. Because of its high diffusivity, hydrogen is thought to affect the corrosion process on the air side from the beginning of the corrosion exposure, whereas carbon reaches the opposite side after a considerably longer time period. KW - Chromium steels KW - Corrosive gases KW - Dual atmosphere KW - High-temperature corrosion KW - Hydrogen transport KW - Mild steel PY - 2010 SN - 0010-9312 SN - 1938-159X VL - 66 IS - 12 SP - 126001-1 - 126001-7 PB - National Association of Corrosion Engineers CY - Houston, Tex. AN - OPUS4-23217 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hünert, Daniela A1 - Kranzmann, Axel T1 - Impact of oxyfuel atmospheres H2O/CO2/O2 and H2O/CO2 on the oxidation of ferritic-martensitic and austenític steels N2 - In future power plant technologies, oxyfuel, steels are subjected to steam rich and carbon dioxide rich combustion gases. The effect of simulated combustion gases H2O/CO2/O2 (30/69/1 mol%) and H2O/CO2 (30/70 mol%) on the corrosion behavior of low alloyed steels, 9-12% chromium steels and an austenitic steel were studied. It was discovered that the formation of protective chromium rich oxides is hampered due to the carburization of the base material and the formation of chromium rich carbides. The kinetics of corrosion and carburization are quantified. The effect of temperature and the effect of gas pressure are analyzed statistically. KW - A. Steel KW - C. Oxidation KW - C. Carburization KW - C. High temperature corrosion PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2011.03.015 SN - 0010-938X VL - 53 IS - 6 SP - 2306 EP - 2317 PB - Elsevier CY - Orlando, Fla. AN - OPUS4-23833 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hünert, Daniela A1 - Schulz, Wencke A1 - Kranzmann, Axel ED - Roland Span, ED - Ingo Weber, T1 - Corrosion of steels in H2O-CO2 atmospheres at temperatures between 500°C and 700°C N2 - The introduction of carbon capture technology into thermal power plants benefits from combustion of fuel and pure oxygen due to high partial pressures of CO2 in the flue gas. The consumption of energy for carbon capture devices and oxygen production plants has to be compensated by higher efficiencies of the power plant. Consequently IGCC plants with 80 bar reactors and high temperature turbine equipment, boilers with 700 °C steam raising units will be the next generation power plants. All plants have in common locally in the process gas compositions with high CO2 partial pressure and steam. In our test we applied a gas composition with 30% H2O and 70% CO2 an composition in between the water content of coal burned in pure oxygen and Methane-oxygen combustion. Additional gas fractions such as SO2 will be added in coming experiments. In this paper we discuss the attack of our model gas composition on different typical power plant construction steels with chromium contents in the range of 1 to 24%. The test conditions were annealing time up to 1000 h, 80 bar pressure, fast flowing gas and temperatures between 500 and 700°C depending on the maximum working temperature of the individual steel. Dependent on the test parameters and in particular the chromium content the oxide scale growth mechanism, the scale thickness, the scale microstructure and phase sequences differed. In particular we observe the growth of FeO at temperatures lower than 570°C which is the eutectic decomposition temperature in the Oxygen-iron phase diagram. Iron carbides are primarily formed in low alloyed steels near the oxide steel interface. The steels studied containing more then 9% chromium the growth of Fe3O4 and Fe-Cr-Spinel was typical. Co and W influenced the reaction in 9 - 12% Cr-steel. The attrition of Mn and other alloying additions was monitored. In no case a dense and protective Cr2O3 or an other Metal-Cr-oxide layer was observed. The oxide scale thickness increases strongly with temperature and decrease with raising chromium content. Data of oxide scale thickness up to corrosion time of 1000 h will be presented. A model will be presented, which deals with possible reactions paths during the corrosion processes in flowing CO2 and water. The steels can be arranged according the reaction with gas and their alloying elements such as Mn, Co and W. In the test environment the maximum working temperature of the steels decreased 50K compared to working temperature in current power plant environment. T2 - 15th International Conference on the Properties of Water and Steam (ICPWS XV), "Water, Steam, and Aqueous Solutions - Advances in Science and Technology for Power Generation" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2008-09-07 KW - High temperature corrosion KW - 9-12% Cr-steels KW - H2O-CO2 PY - 2008 SN - 978-3-931384-64-7 IS - Session 06: Electro-12 SP - 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-19061 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kranzmann, Axel A1 - Hünert, Daniela T1 - Technologien für den Klimaschutz und ihre Anforderungen an Werkstoffe N2 - Der Klimaschutz erfordert die Reduzierung des Ausstoßes von Kohlendioxid. Neue Kraftwerke mit Sauerstoffverbrennung und möglicherweise CO2-Abscheidung sollen eine Reduktion des CO2 im Bereich der Energietechnik ermöglichen. Die heute üblichen Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe werden anderen Umgebungsbedingungen ausgesetzt, und es sind andere Korrosionsraten und Korrosionsreaktionen zu erwarten. In diesem Beitrag werden die Kraftwerkstechnologien kurz vorgestellt und an einem Beispiel erläutert, dass die Oxidation an Luft mit der Oxidation in Wasser nicht direkt vergleichbar ist. KW - Klimaschutz KW - CO2-arme Kraftwerke KW - Werkstoffe PY - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200600030 SN - 0009-286X SN - 1522-2640 VL - 78 IS - 12 SP - 1809 EP - 1817 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-19040 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hünert, Daniela A1 - Kranzmann, Axel T1 - Influence of pressure and chromium content on corrosion reactions at 600°C in a CO2-H2O atmosphere T2 - NACE - International Corrosion Conference CY - New Orleans, USA DA - 2008-03-16 KW - High temperature corrosion KW - Corrosive gases KW - Mild steels KW - 9-12% Cr-steels KW - Pressure effect PY - 2008 SN - 0010-9312 SN - 1938-159X IS - Paper No. 08447 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - National Association of Corrosion Engineers CY - Houston, Tex. AN - OPUS4-19041 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hünert, Daniela A1 - Schulz, Wencke A1 - Kranzmann, Axel T1 - Simultaneous oxidation and carburization under oxyfuel conditions N2 - The combustion of coal in CO2-reduced Oxyfuel power plants requires creep resistant and corrosion resistant materials, which can withstand high temperatures up to 600°C and CO2 rich atmospheres. Among the heat resistant materials, the 9-12% chromium steels are proven to resist high wall temperatures in conventional power plants and are suitable as membrane wall, superheaters and steam piping. During Oxyfuel combustion a flue gas is generated, which consists mainly of H2O (30 mol %) and CO2 (70 mol %). The present paper is focused on the corrosion of 9-12% chromium steels under oxyfuel conditions in a temperature range between 550 and 625°C. Depending on Chromium content of the 9-12%chromium steels, carburization of the base material, perlite formation and carbide formation were observed. Alloys with lower chromium content form a non protective oxide scale with perlite at the scale-alloy interface. Steels with 12% chromium have a small growing oxide scale with enlarged M23C6-particles at the scale-alloy interface. The carburization of the base material is found to be increased for the 9% Cr-steel. Higher pressure of the flue gas results in the formation of less resistant scales and cause accelerated carburization of the base materials. However, the carburization has an impact on the mechanical properties at the surface and leads to an embrittlement, which is deleterious during thermal cycling. Oxidation kinetics, phase analysis of the scale (transmission electron microscope) and carburization depths (microprobe) of the base materials are presented. T2 - EUROCORR 2009 CY - Nice, France DA - 2009-09-06 KW - High-temperature corrosion KW - Carburization KW - 9-12 % Cr-steel KW - M23C6-particles KW - Power plant steels PY - 2010 IS - Paper 7805 SP - 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-22500 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hünert, Daniela A1 - Schulz, Wencke A1 - Kranzmann, Axel T1 - Carburization and Oxidation of Power Plant Steels under Oxyfuel-Conditions N2 - Modern CO2-reduced power plants with Oxyfuel-Combustion operate with gas compositions of high CO2 partial pressure and steam (Boiler, Recycling). The corrosion process occurring under such service conditions is different from that under current conditions with air combustion. The effect of temperature, pressure, chromium content on the corrosion reaction of typical power plant steels in CO2 -H2O and CO-H2O-O2 was investigated. T2 - 3rd World Materials Research Institute Forum & Energy Symposium (WMRIF) CY - Gaithersburg, MD, USA DA - 21.06.2009 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-22625 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hünert, Daniela A1 - Schulz, Wencke A1 - Kranzmann, Axel T1 - Simultaneous Oxidation and Carburization under Oxyfuel conditions T2 - Eurocorr 2009 CY - Nice, France DA - 2009-09-06 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-22676 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schulz, Wencke A1 - Hünert, Daniela A1 - Nitschke, Heike A1 - Saliwan Neumann, Romeo A1 - Kranzmann, Axel T1 - Comparison of the corrosion behaviour of 9-12 % Cr steels in H2O, H2O-CO2 and H2O-CO2-O2 T2 - NACE International corrosion conference 2009 CY - Atlanta, Georgia, USA DA - 2009-03-22 KW - 9-12%Cr-steels KW - Steam KW - CO2 KW - O2 KW - High-temperature corrosion KW - Evaporation of chromium PY - 2009 SP - 1 EP - 10 (Paper No. 09264) AN - OPUS4-19464 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen A1 - Neddemeyer, Torsten A1 - Hünert, Daniela A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth A1 - Kranzmann, Axel A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Mechanical properties of superheater materials after ageing and corrosion in CO2 rich flue gases T2 - First international conference on materials for energy CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 2010-07-04 KW - Power generation KW - Superheater materials KW - Hot corrosion KW - Carburisation PY - 2010 SN - 978-3-89746-117-8 IS - Extended abstracts - Book A SP - 251 EP - 253 AN - OPUS4-21727 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -