TY - GEN A1 - Gibson, N. A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Rasmussen, K. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Rauscher, H. ED - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan ED - Unger, Wolfgang ED - Shard, A.G. T1 - Volume-specific surface area by gas adsorption analysis with the BET method N2 - This chapter first gives an introduction to the concepts of SSA and volume-specific surface area (VSSA) and an outline of the BET method. It continues with a discussion of the relationship between particle size, shape, and the VSSA, followed by an overview of instrumentation, experimental methods, and standards. Finally, sections on the use of the VSSA as a tool to identify nanomaterials and non-nanomaterials and its role in a regulatory context provide some insight on the importance of VSSA in the current Regulation of nanomaterials. KW - Nanomaterials KW - Volume specific surface area PY - 2020 SN - 978-0-12-814182-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814182-3.00017-1 SP - 265 EP - 293 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-49572 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Wohlleben, W. A1 - Mielke, Johannes A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Zimathies, Annett A1 - Bianchin, A. A1 - Lecloux, A. A1 - Roebben, G. A1 - Rauscher, H. A1 - Gibson, N. T1 - Development of an integrated approach based on validated and standardized methods to support the implementation of the EC recommendation for a definition of nanomaterial N2 - The VSSA approach has the important advantage over classifying, imaging and counting techniques that it does not involve dispersion protocols. Further, the BET technique as the basis for VSSA determination it is in widespread use, generates low costs and is specified for many commercial materials. Finally, the same equipment allows for a deeper analysis by full isotherm evaluation. The present deliverable assesses all NanoDefine powders, supplemented by further real-world materials (in total 26 powders), and quantitatively compares the relationship between the median size (by Electron Microscopy – considered as benchmark for the EC nanomaterial definition) vs. the size derived from VSSA. The VSSA method mitigates the challenges of EM to assess the thickness of platelets, but worked as well on fibbers and particles of irregular shapes. A screening strategy is proposed. If applied to the further data from real-world materials as validation set, this screening does achieve a correct classification, leaving only borderline materials for tier 2 assessment. KW - Nanomaterial KW - Classification KW - Regulation KW - VSSA KW - Size measurement KW - Particle size PY - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-398938 SP - 1 EP - 26 PB - The NanoDefine Consortium CY - Wageningen, The Netherlands AN - OPUS4-39893 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -