TY - JOUR A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Weiss, K. A1 - Wöll, Ch. T1 - Surface analysis of metaillized poly(bisphenol A cabonate) films by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) KW - NEXAFS KW - Röntgenadsorptionsspektroskopie KW - Oberflächenanalyse KW - Film, metallisiert KW - Polymeroberfläche PY - 1996 SN - 0032-3861 SN - 1873-2291 VL - 37 IS - 14 SP - 3157 EP - 3160 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-649 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Schertel, A. A1 - Wöll, Ch. T1 - Surface analysis of partially crystalline and amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) samples by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) KW - NEXAFS KW - Röntgenadsorptionsspektroskopie KW - Oberflächenanalyse KW - Polymeroberfläche PY - 1996 SN - 0032-3861 SN - 1873-2291 VL - 37 IS - 14 SP - 3151 EP - 3155 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-650 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Schertel, A. A1 - Wöll, Ch. T1 - NEXAFS analysis of a plasma treated, partially crystalline poly(ehtylene terephtalate) surface KW - NEXAFS KW - Röntgenstrukturanalyse KW - Oberflächen behandeln KW - Plasma PY - 1996 SN - 0179-4159 SP - 279 EP - 281 PB - Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-681 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gähde, J. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Fischer, T. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana T1 - Reactions of polymer analogous model substances with metals and oxides KW - Modellverbindung KW - Al202 KW - Chrom KW - Orientierung, molekular KW - Chemical interaction KW - Model compounds KW - Al2O3 and chromium KW - Molecular orientation KW - Formation of complexes KW - Plasma PY - 1996 SN - 0340-255x SN - 1437-8027 VL - 101 SP - 194 EP - 198 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-685 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas ED - Mittal, K. T1 - Metal doped plasma polymer films T2 - 7th Symposium on Metallized Plastics CY - Newark, NJ, USA DA - 1999-12-02 KW - Plasma polymer KW - r.f. pulsed plasma KW - Conducting films KW - Metal-polymer interface PY - 2001 SN - 90-6764-340-8 VL - 7 SP - 117 EP - 142 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-929 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Schulz, Günter A1 - Much, Helmut T1 - Liquid Adsorption Chromatography near Critical Conditions of Adsorption coupled with Matrix-assisted Laser/Ionization Mass Spectrometry T2 - 47th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics CY - Dallas, TX, USA DA - 1999-06-13 PY - 1999 CY - Dallas, Tex AN - OPUS4-2165 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schulz, Günter A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Much, Helmut A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Liquid Adsorption Chromatography near Critical Conditions of Adsorption coupled with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry N2 - Chemical heterogeneities and molecular weight distributions of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-co-polymethylene (PM) model oligomers, which are relevant to the synthesis of commonly used tensides, were investigated. For analytical characterization, the well-known principle of liquid adsorption chromatography at 'critical conditions' (LACCC) was modified. Near the critical conditions of adsorption of the PEO unit, e.g., at slight adsorption conditions of PM, the copolymers could be separated according to their PM chain length. The eluates were separated and single fractions of each peak were continuously transferred onto the MALDI target by means of a commercially available device. Simultaneously, the MALDI matrix solution was continuously added with a second pump. This procedure offers the possibility of the formation of homogeneous matrix-polymer textures. By MALDI-MS a complete characterization of the chemical composition (PEO and PM chain length) of each peak could be achieved. The obtained MALDI mass spectra of the eluates at different retention times could be used for the molecular weight calibration of the LAC system. In this way, an additional application of SEC, as in conventional 2D-chromatography, was avoided by using the MALDI method as quasi chromatographic separation KW - Liquid adsorption chromatography KW - Matrix-assisted laser desorption KW - Ionization mass spectrometry KW - Coupling methods KW - MALDI PY - 2000 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10236660008034644 SN - 1023-666X SN - 1563-5341 VL - 5 SP - 549 EP - 562 PB - Gordon and Breach Publ. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-2168 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Much, Helmut A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Determination of chemical and molecular-weight distributions of heterogeneous polymers by means of MALDI-MS coupled with chromatography T2 - 219th ACS national meeting CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 2000-03-26 PY - 2000 SN - 0032-3934 VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 655 EP - 656 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Newark, NJ AN - OPUS4-2169 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Schulz, Günter A1 - Heinemann, M. A1 - Weinmann, S. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Fritz, H.-G. ED - Fritz, H.-G. ED - Eisenbach, C. D. T1 - Synthese von Polylactiden mittels reaktiver Extrusion und Produktcharakterisierung durch Kopplung von HPLC-Methoden mit der MALDI-TOF-MS T2 - 18. Stuttgarter Kunststoff-Kolloquium CY - Stuttgart, Deutschland DA - 2003-03-19 PY - 2003 SN - 3-00-010663-4 IS - CD-ROM PB - Univ., IKT, IAMC CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-2190 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Much, Helmut A1 - Schulz, Günter A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana T1 - Zur Charakterisierung von Si-Polymeren durch Kopplung flüssigchromatographischer Arbeitsweisen mit der MALDI-TOF-MS T2 - DFG-Symposium zum Schwerpunktprogramm "Silicium-Chemie" CY - Bielefeld, Deutschland DA - 1999-05-09 PY - 1999 AN - OPUS4-2239 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wöll, Ch. A1 - Nick, L. T1 - The Use of Octadecyltrichlorosilane Self-Assembled Layers as a Model for the Assessment of Plasma Treatment and Metallization Effects on Polyolefins N2 - Self-assembled octadecyltrichlorosilane (CH3(CH2)17SiCl3, OTS) films were deposited on an oxidized silicon wafer. They were carefully exposed to a low-pressure oxygen direct current (dc) plasma and/or Cr vapor. Subsequently, they were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Detailed information on the oxygen functionalization and the molecular conformation of the OTS films was obtained. The main result was that functionalization conditions can be found where the order of the film remains almost unaffected. Similarly, Cr evaporation of pure OTS films revealed only slight effects on the order in the film. Cr evaporation of an ordered but functionalized OTS film immediately changes its state toward a fully isotropic one. In the course of interaction, oxygen sites at the surface of the functionalized OTS film are reduced whereas Cr becomes oxidized. A redox reaction scheme is proposed for this interfacial reaction. Finally, it is concluded that the given study should be of importance for advanced plasma processing of polyolefins. KW - NEXAFS KW - OTS Self-Assembled Layers PY - 1999 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/la981174l SN - 0743-7463 SN - 1520-5827 VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 1161 EP - 1166 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-808 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Schulz, Ulrich A1 - Jansen, Kirsten A1 - Möller, B. A1 - Fischer, S. T1 - Fluorination of Polymer Surfaces PY - 2002 SN - 0947-076X SN - 1522-2454 VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 285 EP - 290 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-1466 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Time-of-flight-SIMS and XPS characterization of metal doped polymers N2 - Organic thin films with defined chemical structures and physical properties are required for various applications. Plasma polymerization is of technological interest, since the deposition of plasma polymers is possible on any material of any shape in the desired thickness. We report on the TOF-SIMS (TOF: time-of-flight) and XPS investigations of pulse plasma ‘poly(acetylene)’ and alkali metal doped pulse plasma ‘poly(acetylene)’ films. The combination of TOF-SIMS and XPS supplies detailed information on the surface chemistry of these films. Application of both methods provides the possibility for cross-checking certain results. Moreover the different sensitivities of the methods can be utilized. According to the TOF-SIMS and XPS data it can be concluded that the interaction of alkali metals with plasma ‘poly(acetylene)’ results in electrovalent bonds of the type Me?+–C?- between carbon and metal. Furthermore carbon–oxygen–metal interactions were observed. These interactions are of the type C=O?-cdots, three dots, centeredMe?+ and/or C–O?-–Me?+. KW - SIMS KW - TOF-SIMS KW - XPS KW - Plasma KW - Polymer KW - Poly(acetylene) PY - 2003 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00769-9 SN - 0169-4332 SN - 1873-5584 VL - 203-204 SP - 575 EP - 579 PB - North-Holland CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-2271 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Much, Helmut A1 - Schulz, Günter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Beiträge zur Charakterisierung von synthetischen Si-Polymeren durch Kopplung von HPLC-Trennmethoden mit der MALDI-TOF-MS T2 - DFG-Symposium zum Schwerpunktprogramm "Silicium-Chemie" CY - Werfenweng, Österreich DA - 2000-09-27 PY - 2000 AN - OPUS4-2251 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Gerstung, Vanessa A1 - Much, Helmut A1 - Schulz, Günter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Beiträge zur Charakterisierung von synthetischen Si-Polymeren durch Kopplung von HPLC-Trennmethoden mit der MALDI-TOF-Massenspektrometrie T2 - Berliner Polymeren-Tage 2000 CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2000-10-09 PY - 2000 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2252 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Much, Helmut A1 - Schulz, Günter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Beiträge zur Charakterisierung von synthetischen Si-Polymeren durch Kopplung von HPLC-Trennmethoden mit der MALDI-TOF-MS T2 - Incom 2001 - International Symposium on Instrumentalized Analytical Chemistry and Computer Technology CY - Düsseldorf, Deutschland DA - 2001-03-27 PY - 2001 AN - OPUS4-2254 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Quantitative measuring of C radical sites at polymer surfaces using the derivatization technique and XPS T2 - 10th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis (ECASIA '03) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-10-06 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3920 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Pulsed r.f. plasma for polymer film deposition with SEERS diagnostic T2 - 8th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering (PSE2002) CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 2002-09-09 KW - C pulsed KW - C radio frequency KW - C plasma KW - D nitrogen KW - D oxygen KW - DX plasma deposition PY - 2002 SN - 0257-8972 SP - 405 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-1615 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritz, Andreas A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Dielectric spectroscopy of plasma copolymers of the system allyl alcohol/alkene N2 - Polymers synthesized with plasma techniques are very interesting materials for electronic, optic, and bio compatible applications. Thin films of plasma polymers shows a good adhesion to metals, glass, or other polymers. But the supramolecular structure, the durability, and the chemical and mechanical behavior of these polymers is poorly understood. Therefore dielectric investigations are carried out to study the dynamic behavior of the plasma polymers. As polymer system allyl alcohol/alkene is chosen to get polymers with a defined concentration of hydroxyl groups. The dielectric investigations shows several relaxation processes and a dependency of the dielectric parameters from the ratio of allyl alcohol in the polymer is observed. This results indicated that the alkene monomers were assembled continuous into the polymer matrix. T2 - Frühjahrstagung des Arbeitskreises Festkörperphysik bei der DPG CY - Regensburg, Deutschland DA - 2002-03-11 PY - 2002 UR - http://old.dpg-tagungen.de/archive/2002/cpp_4.html SN - 0420-0195 SN - 0372-5448 SN - 0343-9216 IS - CPP 4.7 SP - 424 CY - Bad Honnef AN - OPUS4-2057 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritz, Andreas A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Dielectric spectroscopy of plasma copolymers or the system allyl alcohol/alkene T2 - Frühjahrstagung des Arbeitskreises Festkörperphysik bei der DPG CY - Regensburg, Germany DA - 2002-03-11 PY - 2002 SN - 0420-0195 SN - 0372-5448 SN - 0343-9216 IS - CPP 4.7 SP - 424 CY - Bad Honnef AN - OPUS4-2058 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gajewski, Sven A1 - Maneck, Heinz-Eberhard A1 - Knoll, Uta A1 - Neubert, Dietmar A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Mach, Reinhard A1 - Strauß, Birgid A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Purification of single walled carbon nanotubes by thermal gas phase oxidation N2 - Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) have been produced in an electric arc discharge by using a graphite rod as anode which is filled with a powder mixture of graphite and metallic catalysts like nickel and yttrium. The soot material containing approximately a third of SWNT was collected from the cathode region as a soft, voluminous material. The main by-products in this process are amorphous carbon and graphitic nanoparticles which have to be removed by an appropriate purification process. The as-produced soot material was purified by gas phase oxidation in air at 355 °C. The oxidation of amorphous carbon in air is advantageous against wet chemical methods because it is better controllable. Thermogravimetric analysis and electron microscopy were used to investigate the oxidation behavior of the different kinds of carbon. Oxidation of SWNT and amorphous carbon occurs simultaneously even at moderate temperatures, whereas amorphous carbon is more rapidly oxidized than SWNT. For optimizing the purification procedure by gas phase oxidation, kinetic studies were used to determine the oxidation time for each component in the soot at a given temperature. So it is possible to remove the amorphous carbon quantitatively with minimal losses of SWNT. But it was found that graphitic nanoparticles have the highest stability against oxidation and could therefore not be quantitatively removed by this method without the complete destruction of SWNT. Therefore, the electric arc discharge process has to be a controlled process for minimum production of graphitic nanoparticles to obtain a material with a high content of SWNT. KW - Nanotubes KW - Cathodic arc discharge KW - Amorphous carbon KW - Oxidation PY - 2003 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-9635(02)00362-X SN - 0925-9635 VL - 12 IS - 3-7 SP - 816 EP - 820 PB - Elsevier CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-2516 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Geng, Sh. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Erdmann, J. A1 - Gorsler, H.-V. T1 - Plasma functionalization and reorientation of macromolecules at polymer surfaces KW - Plasma KW - Polymer KW - Monolayer KW - Einschichtsystem KW - NEXAFS KW - Spektroskopie KW - Oberflächenanalyse PY - 1995 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 74-75 SP - 664 EP - 669 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-627 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wigan, L. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Erdmann, J. A1 - Gorsler, H.-V. T1 - Barrier properties of plasma and chemically fluorinated polypropylene and polyethyleneterephthalate N2 - The functionalization, perfluorination or an coating of polypropylene (PP) and polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) surfaces in different plasma atmospheres and in an F[2] + N[2] gas mixture were investigated. The aim of this work was to form a barrier layer against solvent and fuel permeation. Typical test solvents were n-pentane, toluene, tetrachloroethylene and mixtures of n-pentane and methanol. The permeation was gravimetrically measured. The permeation of the solvent mixtures was analyzed by mass spectrometry and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. The permeation of the solvent mixtures through the plasma-modified polymer samples was associated with increased absorption of polar solvent components in the polymer film. The thickness of the plasma-fluorinated PP surface layer was 10-100 nm and that of chemically fluorinated PP about 5000 nm. Nearly the same barrier efficiency was measured for both plasma- and chemically fluorinated samples. T2 - International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering No. 4 CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 1994-09-19 KW - Plasma KW - Fluor KW - Plasmapolymer KW - Sperrschicht KW - Permeation PY - 1995 UR - http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3158319 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 74-75 IS - 1-3 SP - 910 EP - 918 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-628 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Giebler, Rainer A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Reactions and Intermediates at the Metal-Polymer Interface as Observed by XPS and NEXAFS Spectroscopy KW - XPS KW - NEXAFS KW - Interfacial polymer-metal redox reactions KW - Chromium-polymer intermediates KW - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy KW - Adhesion KW - Polymer-metal bonds KW - Polymer-aluminium bonds KW - Polymer-copper bonds PY - 1999 SN - 0021-8464 SN - 1545-5823 VL - 71 SP - 297 EP - 321 PB - Gordon & Breach CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-798 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Surface Controlled Fire Retardancy of Polymers Using Plasma Polymerisation N2 - Communication: Fire retardant coatings are deposited on polyamide-66 using plasma polymerisation. Chemical composition and thickness of deposits are adjusted varying the plasma treatment based on hexamethydisiloxane mixed with oxygen. The fire retardancy performances are evaluated using a cone calorimeter. The correlation between fire retardancy and thickness as well as chemical composition is discussed. KW - Cone calorimeter KW - Flame retardance KW - Heat release KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Polyamides PY - 2002 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/1439-2054(20020901)287:9<579::AID-MAME579>3.0.CO;2-6 SN - 1438-7492 SN - 1439-2054 VL - 287 IS - 9 SP - 579 EP - 582 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-1537 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - d'Agostino, R. T1 - The Potential of Surface Radicals for Polymer Functionalization T2 - 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-16) CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 IS - CD-ROM PB - Dep. of Chemistry, Univ. CY - Bari AN - OPUS4-2612 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Just, Ulrich A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Wittke, Wolfgang A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Rittig, F. A1 - Gruber, F. T1 - 2D-Characterization of Polyamides using Chromatography and MALDI-TOF-MS T2 - Waters International GPC 2003 and ISPAC-16-Symposium CY - Baltimore, MD, USA DA - 2003-06-09 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-2631 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mierczynska, A. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Maneck, Heinz-Eberhard A1 - Boiteux, G. A1 - Jeszka, J.K. T1 - Segregated network polymer/carbon nanotubes composites N2 - In this work we present the preparation of conductive polyethylene/carbon nanotube composites based on the segregated network concept. Attention has been focused on the effect of decreasing the amount of filler necessary to achieve low resistivity. Using high- and low-grade single-walled carbon nanotube materials we obtained conductive composites with a low percolation threshold of 0.5 wt.% for high-grade nanotubes, about 1 wt% for commercial nanotubes and 1.5 wt% for low-grade material. The higher percolation threshold for low-grade material is related to low effectiveness of other carbon fractions in the network formation. The electrical conductivity was measured as a function of the single-walled carbon nanotubes content in the polymer matrix and as a function of temperature. It was also found that processing parameters significantly influenced the electrical conductivity of the composites. Raman spectroscopy was applied to study single wall nanotubes in the conductive composites. KW - Polymer KW - Single-walled carbon nanotubes KW - Composite KW - Segregated network KW - Sintering KW - Conductivity KW - Raman spectroscopy PY - 2004 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2478/BF02475579 SN - 1644-3624 SN - 1895-1066 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 363 EP - 370 PB - Central European Science Journals CY - Warsaw AN - OPUS4-3583 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Functional groups bearing plasma homo and copolymer layers as adhesion promoters in metal-polymer composites N2 - Functional groups bearing monomers were pulsed plasma polymerised with a degree of retained functional groups of 55–91%. The following functional groups could be produced at a maximum of: 30 OH, 18 NH2, and 24 COOH per 100 C atoms. A plasma-initiated radical copolymerisation could also be realised using the functional group bearing monomers as a source of functionalities, olefins as ‘chain-extenders’ and dienes as ‘chemical cross-linkers’. The peel strengths of Al layers on such plasma polymers were correlated to the type and density of functional groups. KW - Functional groups KW - Adhesion promoters KW - Metal-polymer composites PY - 2003 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(03)00350-5 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 174-175 SP - 811 EP - 815 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-2703 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Fritz, Andreas A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Polymer surface modification with monofunctional groups of variable types and densities N2 - The retention of chemical structure and functional groups during pulsed plasma polymerization was used for producing adhesion-promoting plasma polymer layers with high concentrations of exclusively one kind of functional groups, such as OH, NH2, or COOH. The maximum content of functional groups was 31 OH using allyl alcohol, 18 NH2 using allylamine, or 24 COOH per 100 C atoms using acrylic acid. To vary the density of functional groups, chemical co-polymerization with ethylene as 'chain-extending' co-monomer, or butadiene as 'chemical crosslinker' was initiated in the pulsed plasma. The composition of these co-polymers was investigated by XPS and IR spectroscopy. The concentrations of functional groups were measured by derivatizing with fluorine-containing reagents and using XPS. A set of plasma parameters was found to be a good compromise between a high number of functional groups and complete insolubility in water, ethanol or THF,which is needed for further chemical processing. Here, these monotype-functionalized surfaces were used in metal-polymer systems as adhesion-promoting interlayers to examine the influence of type and density of functional groups on adhesion. As expected, COOH- and OH-group-terminated interlayers showed maximum peel strengths to evaporated aluminium layers. The adhesion increased linearly with the number of OH groups to a maximum at about 27 OH per 100 C atoms. Higher concentrations of OH groups did not increase the peel strength further. KW - Co-polymers KW - Adhesion-promoting interlayers KW - Metal-polymer systems PY - 2003 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/156856103322396695 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 17 IS - 12 SP - 1591 EP - 1617 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-2704 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Ghode, Archana A1 - Geng, Sh. A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Plasma-based introduction of monosort functional groups of different type and density onto polymer surfaces. Part 1: Behaviour of polymers exposed to oxygen plasma N2 - Several approaches were investigated to produce monosort functionalized polymer surfaces with a high density and homogeneity of functional groups: (i) Plasma oxidation followed by wet-chemical reduction, (ii) formation of radicals and grafting on of functional group carrying molecules, (iii) plasma bromination followed by (iv) Williamson or Gabriel-like synthesis of spacer molecules, and (v) a pulsed plasma polymerization of functional groups bearing monomers or (vi) their copolymerisation with other comonomers. The formation of hydroxyl (OH), primary amino (NH2), and carboxyl (COOH) groups was studied in detail. The oxygen plasma treatment (i) in a low-pressure non-isothermal glow discharge results in the formation of a wide variety of O functional groups, polymer degradation and crosslinking. Low power densities and short exposure times (0.1 to 2 s) are required to functionalize a surface while preserving the original polymer structure. Carbonate, ester, and aromatic groups are rapidly degraded by an oxygen plasma treatment leading to scissions of polymer backbones and loss in molecular weight. Also the formation of macrocycles and C=C bonds was observed in a region of around 4 nm in depth. The investigated polymers could be classified by their degradation behaviour on exposure to the oxygen plasma.___TAGSTART___BR___TAGEND___ In order to maximize the process selectivity for OH groups, the variety of oxygen functionalities formed by the oxygen plasma was wet-chemically reduced by diborane, vitridetrade (Na complex), and LiAlH4. Typical yields were 9 to 14 OH groups per 100 carbon atoms.___TAGSTART___BR___TAGEND___ Plasma bromination (iii) (40 Br per 100 C atoms) of polymers, followed by grafting of spacer molecules (iv), has been proved to be a highly selective reaction.___TAGSTART___BR___TAGEND___ Another way to produce high densities of monosort functionalities was the pulsed plasma polymerization of functional group bearing monomers such as allylamine, allylalcohol or acrylic acid (v). The retention of chemical structure and functional groups during plasma polymerization was achieved by using low power densities and the pulsed plasma technique. The maximum yields were 30 OH, 18 NH2, and 24 COOH groups per 100 C atoms. To vary the density of functional groups a chemical copolymerization with ''chain-extending'' comonomers such as butadiene and ethylene was initiated in the pulsed plasma (vi). Additionally, the often-observed post-plasma oxidations of such layers initiated by reaction of trapped radicals with oxygen from the air were successfully suppressed by using NO gas as radical quencher. PY - 2003 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/156855403765826865 VL - 10 IS - 2-3 SP - 139 EP - 171 PB - North-Holland CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-2705 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Plasma-based introduction of monosort functional groups of different type and density onto polymer surfaces. Part 2: Pulsed plasma polymerization N2 - This new functionalization method consists of the deposition of very thin plasma polymer layers (20 to 100 nm) of functional group bearing monomers in pulsed plasma. With allylalcohol, a maximum of 30 OH groups per 100 C atoms was measured with a selectivity of about 90% and a significant stability at long-time exposure to air. Allylamine was used to produce primary amino groups, with a maximum of 18 NH2 groups per 100 C atoms. Side reactions were observed during the storage in air, such as oxidation of the amino groups. Carboxylic groups could be produced using acrylic acid with a maximum concentration of 24 COOH groups per 100 C atoms. The most prominent side reaction was the decarbonylation/ decarboxylation of the acid group during plasma deposition.___TAGSTART___BR___TAGEND___ The variation of the density of functional groups using the pulsed-plasma polymerization of functional-group-bearing monomers was possible by the chemically-initiated radical copolymerization with either a chain-extending monomer, such as ethylene, or a cross linker, such as butadiene, in plasma. The density of functional groups could be adjusted continuously (0 to 30 OH, 0 to 18 NH2 and 0 to 24 COOH groups per 100 C atoms).___TAGSTART___BR___TAGEND___ The successful application of these densely functionalized polymer surfaces for producing biocompatible surfaces and for use in metal–polymer composites is proposed. KW - Pulsed plasma polymerization KW - Plasma-initiated copolymerization KW - Charcterization of homo- and copolymers PY - 2003 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/156855403765826874 VL - 10 IS - 2-3 SP - 173 EP - 223 PB - North-Holland CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-2706 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Schulz, Ulrich A1 - Jansen, Kirsten A1 - Bertus, Angela A1 - Fischer, S. A1 - Möller, B. T1 - Characterization of fluorinated polyethylene surfaces N2 - Polyethylene foils, used as greenhouse foils stabilized with various types of sterically hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS), showed an extraordinary prolonged lifetime on exposure to natural or artificial weathering if a gas-phase fluorination under low-pressure conditions was applied. The fluorination was performed using F2/N2 mixtures and provided ca. 50 F/100 C (fluorination degree ap25%). The lifetimes of fluorinated PE foils on exposure to artificial or natural weathering were increased at least by a factor of 2-4 as measured in terms of tensile strength and elongation at break. KW - Gas phase fluorination of PE KW - Fluorination kinetics KW - Weathering PY - 2003 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/156856103322113832 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 17 IS - 8 SP - 1127 EP - 1143 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-2707 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - d'Agostino, R. T1 - Pulsed plasma initiated homo and copolymerisation - deposition rates and plasma diagnostics in dependence on the pulse length and frequency T2 - 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-16) CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 IS - CD-ROM PB - Dep. of Chemistry, Univ. CY - Bari AN - OPUS4-2708 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate ED - d'Agostino, R. T1 - Comparison of different plasmachemical processes for the formation of monotype functionalized polymer surfaces T2 - 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-16) CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 IS - CD-ROM PB - Dep. of Chemistry, Univ. CY - Bari AN - OPUS4-2709 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Gerstung, Vanessa A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen ED - d'Agostino, R. T1 - Pulsed plasma initiated homo- and copolymerisation - molar masses T2 - 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-16) CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 IS - CD-ROM PB - Dep. of Chemistry, Univ. CY - Bari AN - OPUS4-2710 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Fritz, Andreas A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard ED - d'Agostino, R. T1 - Pulsed plasma initiated homo and copolymerisation - characterization of thin plasma polymer layers by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy T2 - 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-16) CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 IS - CD-ROM PB - Dep. of Chemistry, Univ. CY - Bari AN - OPUS4-2711 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate ED - d'Agostino, R. T1 - Polymer surface modification with monofunctional groups of different type and density T2 - 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-16) CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 IS - CD-ROM PB - Dep. of Chemistry, Univ. CY - Bari AN - OPUS4-2712 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Polymer surface modification with monofunctional groups of different type and density T2 - ISPC-16 CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4200 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo T1 - Vergleich plasmaschemische Methoden zur Funktionalisierung von Polymeroberflächen T2 - X. Erfahrungsaustausch zu "Oberflächentechnologie mit Plasmaprozessen" CY - Klingenthal, Germany DA - 2003-03-18 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4203 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Contribution of chemical interactions between the different types of functional groups and metal atoms to the adhesion T2 - ECASIA `03 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-10-06 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4204 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Maßgeschneidete Polymeroberflächen T2 - BAM Kolloquium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-11-26 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4205 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Grundlagen für neuartige plasmachemische Prozesse zur gezielten und selektiven Polymermodifizierung T2 - VDI-Abschlußtreffen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-06-30 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4206 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Polymer surface modification with mono-functional groups of different type and density T2 - Institutskolloquium TU Dresden, Institut für Elektroniktechnologie CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2003-01-29 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4207 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Designing and analytical characterization of polymer surfaces T2 - Institutskolloquium, Ciba Geigy CY - Basel, Switzerland DA - 2003-12-03 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4208 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Functionalization of polymer surfaces using plasmas T2 - Institutskolloquium Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Plasmaforschung CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 2003-12-04 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4209 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface analysis of Plasma Deposited Polymer Films, 5 - ToF-SSIMS Characterization of Plasma Deposited Allyl Alcohol Films N2 - The effect of the composite plasma parameter P/F, where P is the plasma power and F is the monomer flow rate, on the chemical character of pulsed plasma deposited allyl alcohol films was investigated by ToF-SSIMS. Information on the unsaturated character, the cross-linked and/or branched character of the plasma polymer films was derived in detail. The problem of the retention of OH groups in plasma deposited allyl alcohol films was elucidated in detail using SSIMS data. The lowest conversion rate from the monomer's hydroxyl groups to other oxygen functionalities in the plasma was concluded for the plasma polymer film produced at a P/F ratio of 0.05 W · sccm-1. It was found that the overall oxygen content of the films decreased vs. increasing P/F ratio. Because the freshly prepared films were investigated without air exposure, ageing on ambient air could be studied in detail. It was found that in the case of plasma deposited allyl alcohol films the ageing on air is probably based on two competing processes which are discussed in detail. Additionally, a review of literature data on the characterization of plasma deposited allyl alcohol films is given. KW - Ageing KW - Allyl alcohol KW - Plasma polymerization KW - ToF-SIMS PY - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200400075 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 2 IS - 7 SP - 563 EP - 571 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-11933 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Aging of Plasma-Deposited Films Prepared from Organic Monomers N2 - Plasma-deposited polymer films were prepared from organic molecules and investigated using near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for aging effects after exposure to air. Results from the investigation of homopolymers are summarized. Primarily the effect of the deposition parameters duty cycle and power are dealt with. The effect of the deposition parameter pressure is briefly discussed. An example to show the effect of feed gas composition on the aging of plasma polymerized ethylene/allyl alcohol and styrene/allyl alcohol copolymer is also given. In general, change in content of unsaturated or aromatic species, change in concentration of monomer functionality, and change in the oxygen content was observed in the plasma polymerized films on aging. KW - Plasma copolymer KW - ESCA/XPS KW - NEXAFS KW - Plasma polymerization PY - 2007 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 4 IS - S1 SP - S784 EP - S789 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-11934 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface Analysis of Plasma-Deposited Polymer Films, 4 - In situ Characterization of Plasma-Deposited Ethylene Films by XPS and NEXAFS N2 - XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopy were used for the chemical characterization of pulsed plasma-deposited ethylene films before and after exposure to ambient air. The influence of external plasma parameters on the spectroscopic results was investigated. Information on the chemical character of the plasma-polymerized films, such as the regularity of the primary structure, the amount of long-living radicals, and branching or cross-linking or both was derived from this data. Irregularity and radical concentration for post-plasma reactions of the plasma-deposited films increased with the duty cycle or power. A decreased level of monomer fragmentation and, consequently, an increase in regularity is partially concluded from the experimental data when the monomer pressure is increased. The concentration of surface radicals available for post-plasma reactions also increased with monomer pressure. The correlation found between the degree of the post-plasma oxygen incorporation and the variation of the various external parameters agreed with earlier ToF-SSIMS findings. KW - ESCA/XPS KW - NEXAFS KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Polyethylene (PE) KW - Thin films PY - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200400070 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 2 IS - 4 SP - 310 EP - 318 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-11940 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Tayloring of polymer surfaces with different monotype functional groups of variable density using chemical and plasma chemical processes T2 - 10th Dresden Polymer Discussion: Characterization of Polymer Surfaces and Thin Films CY - Meißen, Germany DA - 2005-04-10 KW - Plasma modification KW - Introduction of functional groups KW - Reactions at polymer surfaces PY - 2005 SP - 34 EP - 49 PB - Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden CY - Meißen AN - OPUS4-11941 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mach, Reinhard A1 - Maneck, Heinz-Eberhard A1 - Röhl-Kuhn, Barbara A1 - Peplinski, Burkhard A1 - Benemann, Sigrid A1 - Strauß, Birgid A1 - Schütz, W. A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Pershin, L. T1 - Modification of graphite powders in a thermal RF induction plasma T2 - 17th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-17) CY - Toronto, Canada DA - 2005-08-07 PY - 2005 SP - 1(?) EP - 6(?) CY - Toronto AN - OPUS4-11942 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Brademann-Jock, Kerstin A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Pershin, L. T1 - Introduction of irregularities into plasma polymers by radiative and auto-oxidative processes T2 - 17th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-17) CY - Toronto, Canada DA - 2005-08-07 PY - 2005 SP - 1(?) EP - 6(?) CY - Toronto AN - OPUS4-11943 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate ED - Pershin, L. T1 - Chemical synthesis at plasma modified polymer surfaces T2 - 17th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-17) CY - Toronto, Canada DA - 2005-12-07 PY - 2005 SP - 1(?) EP - 6(?) CY - Toronto AN - OPUS4-11944 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Paproth, A. A1 - Wolter, Klaus-Jürgen A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Deltschew, R. T1 - Metal-Polymer Composites for Molded Interconnect Devices (MID) T2 - 55th Electronic Components & Technology Conference CY - Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA DA - 2005-06-01 PY - 2005 SN - 0-7803-8907-7 SP - 6 pages PB - IEEE Service Center CY - Piscataway AN - OPUS4-11945 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Decker, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute ED - Blasek, G. T1 - Möglichkeiten der kovalenten Anbindung von Funktionsmolekülen an Polymeroberflächen T2 - 13. Neues Dresdner Vakuumtechnisches Kolloquium "Beschichtung und Modifizierung von Kunststoffoberflächen" CY - Dresden, Deutschland DA - 2005-10-13 PY - 2005 SP - 35 EP - 41 PB - VDI-Verl. CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-11946 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Rikowski, Eckhard A1 - Schulz, Günter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Grellmann, W. T1 - Synthesis and Characterisation of Polyhedral Silsesquioxanes with Nanotubular Structures T2 - 23. DVM-Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung "Werkstoffprüfung 2005", DA - 2005-12-01 PY - 2005 SP - 25 EP - 30 PB - DVM AN - OPUS4-11947 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Pulsed plasma initiated homo and copolimerisation - deposition rates and plasma diagnostic in dependence on pulse length and frequency T2 - ISPC-16 CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4667 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Comparison of different plasmachemical processes for the formation of monosort functionalised polymer surfaces T2 - ISPC-16 CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4668 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Gerstung, Vanessa A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Pulsed plasma initiated homo and copolimerisation - molar masses T2 - ISPC-16 CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4669 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Fritz, A. A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Pulsed plasma initiated homo and copolymerisation - characterization of thin plasma polymer layers by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy T2 - ISPC-16 CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4671 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Gritsenko, K. A1 - Tolmachev, A.I. A1 - Schrader, S. T1 - Complex organic thin films for optoelectronics: combined depossition techniques T2 - ECASIA `03 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-10-06 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4674 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Quantitative Measuring of C Radical Sites at Polymer Surfaces using the Derivatization Technique and XPS T2 - ECASIA `03 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-10-06 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4676 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Contribution of chemical interactions to the adhesion between aluminium and functional groups of different (mono-) type and density at polymer surfaces T2 - 7th European Adhesion Conference (EURADH 2004) CY - Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany DA - 2004-09-07 PY - 2004 VL - 1 SP - 138 EP - 143 PB - DECHEMA CY - Frankfurt am Main AN - OPUS4-4680 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Kunststoffkorrosion durch Polymerabbau - Früherkennung und zeitraffende Prognose T2 - Thüringer Grenz- und Oberflächentage - Oberflächentechnik für die Praxis CY - Jena, Germany DA - 2005-09-15 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-7853 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grytsenko, K. P. A1 - Capobianchi, A. A1 - Convertino, A. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Ksensov, V. A1 - Schrader, S. ED - Iwamori, S. T1 - Polymer-metal nanocomposite thin film prepared by co-evaporation in a vacuum PY - 2005 SN - 81-7736276-3 SP - 85 EP - 109 PB - Research Signpost CY - Trivandrum, Kerala AN - OPUS4-11225 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Mittal, K. L. T1 - Contribution of chemical interactions between Al atoms and different types of functional groups to the adhesion of Al-polymer systems T2 - 2nd International Symposium on Adhesion Aspects of Thin Films CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 2003-12-15 KW - Al-functional group interactions KW - Adhesion-promoting plasma polymer layers KW - Pulsed plasma polymerization PY - 2005 SN - 90-6764-421-8 VL - 2 SP - 123 EP - 144 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-11156 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Brademann-Jock, Kerstin A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Charakterisierung von Plasmapolymeren mittels Thermolumineszenzmessungen N2 - Dünne, mit einem gepulsten Plasma hergestellte Polymerschichten wurden untersucht. Diese Plasmapolymere sollten eine chemisch besser definierte Struktur haben, weil der Anteil an rein chemisch polymerisiertem Produkt während der Plasma-aus-Zeit steigen sollte, während der Anteil an Schichtbildung, der innerhalb der kurzen Plasmapulse durch Monomerfragmentierung und statistische Polyrekombination erzeugt wird, zurückgedrängt wird. Der Monomerfragmentierungsprozeß ist im kontinuierlich brennenden Plasma (cw-Mode) demgegenüber der Hauptprozeß. Neben der Anwendung der klassischen Element- und Bindungsanalysentechnik XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) wurden hier die Schichten auch mittels Thermolumineszenz untersucht. Defekte und Strukturanomalitäten in Polymeren sollten mit dieser Methode charakterisiert werden können. Untersuchungsobjekte waren funktionalgruppentragende Plasmapolymerschichten, die biosensorische oder biokompatible Funktionen besitzen oder als Haftvermittler in Metall-Polymercompositen eingesetzt werden. Translated Abstract Characterization of Plasmapolymers by Thermoluminescence Thin plasma polymer films were deposited using the pulsed plasma (pp) mode. These plasma polymers should possess a more chemically regular structure because of the lower monomer fragmentation during the short plasma pulses and the chemical chain propagation during the plasma-less periods than those produced by the conventional continuous-wave (cw) mode. In addition to the use of the classic thin film characterization method XPS the method of thermoluminescence was applied to characterize defects and structural specifics in the polymer films produced by pp or cw-plasma mode. The thermoluminescence method was applied to functional groups-carrying plasma polymer layers, which are used in medical technology for forming biocompatible and bioactive coatings or in metal-polymer composites as adhesion-promoting interlayers. KW - Plasmapolymere KW - Thermolumineszenz KW - X-ray PY - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/vipr.200600287 SN - 0947-076X SN - 1522-2454 VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 32 EP - 37 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-12514 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Tailoring of polymer surfaces with monotype functional groups of variable density using chemical and plasma chemical processes N2 - Polymer surfaces were modified in low-pressure glow discharge plasmas for introduction of monotype functional groups of different type and density. For this purpose three ways are selected, (i) oxygen plasma treatment followed by wet-chemical reduction of O functional groups to OH groups, (ii) plasma bromination for introducing C - Br groups and (iii) coating by deposition of thin plasma (co-) polymerized layers of functional groups-bearing monomers with OH, NH2, COOH, epoxy etc. functionalities. Subsequently, these groups were used as anchoring points for chemical grafting of spacer molecules, oligomers, prepolymers, fluorescent labels, ionic and nucleic acid residues, employing different chemical routes. The yield in monosort functional groups at polymer surfaces ranged from 10–14 (process i), 20–40 (process ii) and 18–31 groups per 100 C atoms (process iii) as measured by XPS after derivatization. The consumption of functional groups amounted to 40–90% of all functionalities present at the surface and depended on the dimensions of grafted molecules. For infinitely variably tuning the number of functional groups process iii was performed as copolymerization of a functional group-carrying comonomer with a non-functionalized (“chain-extending”) comonomer. KW - Introduction of functional groups KW - Plasma modification KW - Reactions at Polymer surfaces PY - 2006 SN - 0340-255x SN - 1437-8027 VL - 132 SP - 62 EP - 71 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-12515 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Fluorescence Spectroscopic Studies on Plasma-Chemically Modified Polymer Surfaces with Fluorophore-Labeled Functionalities N2 - Molecular engineering of polymer surfaces that includes the attachment of functional molecules to existing or previously generated reactive chemical groups like e.g., - OH, - NH2, or - CHO requires simple strategies and tools for the controlled generation of surface functionalities and their derivatization as well as for their identification and eventually quantification. Here, we systematically investigate the plasma-chemical surface modification of polypropylene films in combination with dansyl labeling chemistry and conventional, yet costly, XPS and highly sensitive fluorescence spectroscopy for the detection of surface groups. Based on these results, the potential of and requirements on the fluorometric characterization and quantification of surfaces functionalities are discussed. KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Surface functionalization KW - Covalent labeling of polymer surfaces KW - Plasma modification KW - Fluorescent probe PY - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-006-0076-x SN - 1053-0509 SN - 1573-4994 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 441 EP - 448 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-12560 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Static ToF-SIMS analysis of plasma chemically deposited ethylene/allyl alcohol co-polymer films N2 - A plasma co-polymerization of ethylene as a “chain extending” monomer and allyl alcohol as a carrier monomer for hydroxyl groups was studied. The composition of the feed gas was systematically varied and the plasma co-polymers were analyzed in terms of their relative concentrations of OH functional groups by static Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) immediately after their preparation without any air contact, i.e., under so called “in situ” conditions. The relative OH group concentration involved in the –CH2–OH groups was derived from the normalized yields of the CH3O+ secondary fragment ion. The density of functional groups in the plasma co-polymers was found to vary non-linearly with respect to the mole percentage of the monomers in the feed gas. Co-polymerization phenomena, i.e. chemical interactions and recombination reactions taking place between monomer molecules in the plasma and/or during the deposition process, become evident in ToF-SIMS spectra. KW - Plasma deposition KW - ToF-SIMS KW - Plasma co-polymerization KW - Ethylene KW - Allyl alcohol PY - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.02.089 SN - 0169-4332 SN - 1873-5584 VL - 252 IS - 19 SP - 6588 EP - 6590 PB - North-Holland CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-13724 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schulz, Ulrich A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Erdmann, Jessica A1 - Möller, B. T1 - Glanzerhaltung von Autolacken - Verbessern der Lebensdauer eines 2K-Klarlacks durch Gasphasen-Fluorierung PY - 1999 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 41 SP - 375 EP - 378 PB - Carl Hanser Verlag CY - München AN - OPUS4-7284 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Kontrolle der Plasmamodifizierung von Polymeroberflächen mittels ESCA PY - 1998 VL - 70 SP - 5 CY - Darmstadt AN - OPUS4-7285 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schulz, Eckhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Improvement in Mechanical Strength of Fibre Polymer Composites by Fibre Pretreatment in Low-Pressure Plasmas T2 - Vortragsbände des 8. Internationalen Techtextil-Symposiums 1997 CY - Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland DA - 1997-05-12 PY - 1997 SP - 1(?) EP - 16(?) PB - Messe Frankfurt CY - Frankfurt am Main AN - OPUS4-7286 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schulz, Eckhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Verbesserungen der mechanischen Festigkeiten von Faser-Polymer-Verbundwerkstoffen durch Vorbehandlung der Fasern im Niederdruckplasma T2 - Vortragsbände des 8. Internationalen Techtextil-Symposiums 1997 CY - Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland DA - 1997-05-12 PY - 1997 VL - 8 SP - 1(?) EP - 16(?) PB - Messe Frankfurt CY - Frankfurt am Main AN - OPUS4-7287 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang ED - Olefjord, I. ED - Nyborg, L. ED - Briggs, D. T1 - X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (NEXAFS) of PET Surfaces T2 - 7th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis CY - Göteborg, Sweden DA - 1997-06-16 PY - 1997 SN - 0-471-97827-2 SP - 755 EP - 759 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-7288 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, P. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Gezielte chemische Funktionalisierung von Polymermaterialien T2 - 4. Wörlitzer Workshop "Funktionelle Schichten" CY - Wörlitz, Deutschland DA - 2003-05-27 PY - 2003 VL - 4 SP - 1(?) EP - 7(?) PB - EFDS CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-7289 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface Analysis of Plasma-Deposited Polymer Films, 2: Analysis of Post-Plasma Air Reacted Plasma Polymerized Styrene by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy N2 - Chemical properties of plasma-polymerized styrene films can be effectively controlled by the appropriate choice of external plasma parameters, such as duty cycle, power and monomer pressure. Chemical properties here are the regularity of the primary structure, the amount of long living radicals and branching or cross-linking or both in plasma polymerized styrene films, which can be indirectly monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Principally, XPS and NEXAFS spectra of plasma-polymerized styrene show all the spectroscopic fingerprints characteristic of atactic polystyrene indicating an inherent similarity of the respective primary chemical structures. There is an increase in irregularity and radical concentration for the plasma deposited films with increasing duty cycle or power. With an increase in monomer pressure, a decreased level of monomer fragmentation and, consequently, an increase in regularity must be concluded from the experimental data. The applied power regulates the fragmentation of the monomers as monitored by spectroscopic signals correlated to the aromatic rings. A trend in the extent of the post-plasma oxygen incorporation according to the variation of the various external plasma parameters was deduced, which agrees with earlier ToF-SIMS findings KW - Chemical characterization KW - ESCA/XPS KW - NEXAFS KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Polystyrene PY - 2004 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200400022 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 1 SP - 134 EP - 140 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-6935 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface Analysis of Plasma-Deposited Polymer Films, 3: In situ Characterization of Plasma-Deposited Ethylene Films by ToF-SSIMS N2 - Pulsed-plasma-deposited ethylene films were studied by time-of-flight static secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SSIMS) before and after exposure to ambient air. The influence of the external plasma parameters on the secondary ion mass spectra of plasma-deposited ethylene films was investigated. From these data, information on the chemical character of the plasma-deposited ethylene films was derived. The investigation of the effect of external plasma parameters on the chemical character of the plasma-deposited ethylene films revealed that there were some drastic changes in the secondary ion mass spectra of the films. It was found that fragmentation and re-arrangement of the monomer molecules in the plasma, which affects the chemical character of the deposited films, vary according to the external plasma parameters. When the plasma polymers are exposed to air, extensive oxygen incorporation occurs. The oxygen uptake is high at the beginning and then it levels of. Some indications for the formation and decay of peroxy radicals (COO) and, subsequently, hydroperoxides (COOH) are found. It was observed that the oxygen uptake of the plasma deposited ethylene films increase when the plasma conditions become harder. KW - Ageing KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Polyethylene (PE) KW - ToF-SIMS PY - 2004 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200400025 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 1 SP - 141 EP - 152 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-6936 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Chemical analysis of plasma-polymerized films: The application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) N2 - Selected FTIR, XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopy results obtained with films deposited with different plasma polymerization processes and different monomers (styrene, acetylene, ethylene and butadiene) are presented. In detail FTIR spectra, XPS surveys, XPS valence bands and core level signals including shake-up features as well as carbon K-edge absorption spectra are qualitatively and, in some cases, semi-quantitatively considered. Information on the film formation, the chemistry of the films and the film stability against air exposure are derived from spectroscopic features. With styrene chemically rather well defined plasma polymer layers can be formed with rather high deposition rates applying a pulse plasma process. Using ethylene, acetylene or butadiene as a monomer in the plasma deposition process the deposition rates are smaller. Using these monomers plasma polymer films can be obtained with a primary chemical structure which is similar to each other but more or less different from those of the respective conventional polymers. The main difference between these samples is their individual concentration of unsaturated carbon species. Finally, a technologically relevant example, i.e. a plasma deposited polymer barrier layer deposited on the inner wall of a poly(ethylene) vessel is briefly considered. KW - Plasma polymer KW - Styrene KW - Ethylene KW - Acethylene KW - Butadiene KW - XPS KW - NEXAFS KW - FTIR KW - Chemical characterization KW - Deposition process KW - Stability PY - 2001 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0368-2048(01)00330-9 SN - 0368-2048 SN - 1873-2526 VL - 121 IS - 2 SP - 111 EP - 129 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-6938 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Homofunctionalized polymer surfaces formed by selective plasma processes N2 - Several possibilities exist to produce a modified polymer surface with a high density of only one sort of functional group such as: (i) the plasma grafting of unfragmented monomer molecules and their polymerization forms OH, NH2, COOH groups, etc. in concentrations of approximately 25 groups per 100 C atoms; (ii) selective plasma bromination provides 10–25 CBr groups; (iii) the plasma oxidation of polymer surfaces in an O2 plasma followed by the chemical reduction of all O-containing groups to OH groups by diborane, vitride™ (Na complex) or LiAlH4 yields 9–14 OH groups per 100 carbon atoms; and (iv) the grafting of spacers with different endgroups onto OH or CBr groups produces 7–10 spacer molecules/100 C. This work was focused on the formation of thin plasma deposited polymer layers with a maximum of (homo)functional groups and with a minimum of chemical irregularities using the pulsed plasma technique. The monomers were allylalcohol, allylamine, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid. The further intent was to study the interactions of functional groups (OH, COOH, NH2) and deposited metals (Cr, Al, Ti). It was expected that more basic (NH2), weakly basic or neutral (OH) or more acidic (COOH) groups would show different interactions and chemical reactions with metal atoms. KW - Pulsed plasma polymerization KW - Functional groups KW - Long-term stability KW - Polymer-metal composites PY - 2001 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01056-8 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 142-144 SP - 494 EP - 500 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-6971 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas T1 - Plasma polymers with chemically defined structures in contact with metals N2 - The retention of chemical structure and functional groups during plasma polymerization was investigated. Usually plasma polymer layers, prepared by a continuous wave radio-frequency plasma, are often chemically irregular in their structure and composition. To minimize these irregularities low wattages and the pulsed plasma technique were applied to avoid fragmentations. The first goal was to produce plasma polymers comprising double or triple bonds as precursors for electrically conducting polymers. Acetylene, ethylene, butadiene and polystyrene were used as monomers and deposited as thin polymer films by pulsed plasmas of low wattages. Styrene polymerization was strongly enhanced in the dark phase (plasma off) of a pulsed r.f. plasma caused by the reactivity of the vinyl-type double bond. This could be confirmed by a verification of a rather high chemical regularity of the film sample. The oxygen content of this film measured by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) was in situ 0% and after 24 h exposure to air lower than 1%. Additionally, post-plasma oxidations of trapped radicals with air could be suppressed using NO gas as radical quencher. Such quenched plasma polymer layers were completely stable against oxidation for a number of weeks. During the low-wattage pulse plasma polymerization metal atoms were simultaneously or layer by layer evaporated into the growing layer and in situ measured by XPS. These metal atoms are acting as dopants. Here, Li, K, Mg and Cr were used at different concentrations providing electrical conductivity and magnetic properties for the film. KW - Pulsed plasma KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Doping with metal atoms KW - Encapsulation of nanoparticles PY - 2001 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01051-9 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 142-144 SP - 460 EP - 467 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-6972 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Möller, B. A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Krüger, P. T1 - Improvement of adhesion properties of polymers by producing oxyfluorinated surfaces PY - 2001 SN - 0016-4232 VL - 92 IS - 5 SP - 1334 EP - 1444 PB - Leuze CY - Saulgau, Württ. AN - OPUS4-6973 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Eine neue Generation von alterungsbeständigen Plasmapolymeren mit definierter chemischer Struktur T2 - 8. Neues Dresdner Vakuumtechnisches Kolloquium (NDVaK) CY - Dresden, Deutschland DA - 2000-10-19 PY - 2000 VL - 8 SP - 110 EP - 114 CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-6974 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Ghode, Archana A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Mittal, K. L. T1 - Chemically well-defined surface functionalization of polyethylene and polypropylene by pulsed plasma modification followed by grafting of molecules T2 - 2nd International Symposium on Polymer Surface Modification: Relevance to Adhesion CY - Newark, NJ, USA DA - 1999-05-24 KW - Plasma modification KW - Chemical conversion of functional groups KW - Spacers KW - Polypropylene KW - Polyethylene PY - 2000 SN - 90-6764-327-0 VL - 2 SP - 45 EP - 64 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-6975 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Giebler, Rainer A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard ED - Mittal, K. L. T1 - Significance of interfacial redox reactions and formation of metal-organic complexes for the adhesion of metals on pristine and plasma-treated polymers KW - Oxygen low-pressure plasma treatment of polymers KW - Metal-polymer interactions KW - Peel strength PY - 2000 SN - 90-6764-327-0 VL - 2 SP - 137 EP - 171 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-6979 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Ghode, Archana A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Geng, Shiming A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas ED - Schindel-Bidinelli, E. T1 - Polymeroberflächenfunktionalisierungen im gepulsten Plasma mit nachfolgender chemischer Behandlung T2 - 14. Internationales Symposium Swissbonding ; 14. Internationaler Kongreß Swiss Bonding ; 14th Swiss Bonding 00 CY - Rapperswil, Schweiz DA - 2000-05-16 PY - 2000 SP - 31 EP - 44 PB - SWIBOTECH GmbH CY - Bülach AN - OPUS4-6980 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Vogel, Lydia T1 - Chemical reactions at polymer surfaces interacting with a gas plasma or with metal atoms - their relevance to adhesion N2 - The chemical and morphological stabilities of polymer segments in the near-surface layer were investigated by spectroscopic methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Model studies were undertaken with Langmuir–Blodgett films, self-assembled monolayers and oligomer films. For thin polymer layers (30 to 500 nm), the changes in molecular-weight distributions of some polymers were investigated systematically by size exclusion chromatography, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry and thermal-field flow fractionation for oxygen- and helium-plasma exposures. The polymer surfaces were found to be relatively stable at exposure to an oxygen low-pressure plasma up to ca. 2 s. This is important information to get maximum adhesion to metals in composites. In correlation to their redox potentials, potassium, aluminium and chromium react with oxygen functional groups at the polymer/metal interface. In a dedicated study, chromium was found to attack aromatic rings and form different reaction products. PY - 1999 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00229-7 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 116-119 SP - 772 EP - 782 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-6981 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mühlhan, C. A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Nowack, H. T1 - Improvement of bonding properties of polypropylene by low-pressure plasma treatment PY - 1999 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 116-119 SP - 783 EP - 787 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-6982 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Decker, Renate A1 - Ghode, Archana A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Selective surface functionalization of polyolefins by plasma treatment followed by chemical reduction N2 - Polymer surfaces can be finished with functional groups upon exposure to a plasma. Species of the plasma gas are attached at surface carbon atoms, forming functional groups of different composition. To produce a modified polymer surface with a high density and homogeneity of hydroxyl groups only, the oxygen-plasma-formed oxygen functional groups were chemically reduced by diborane and LiAlH4 with yields of 10 to 11 OH groups per 100 carbon atoms in the 3 to 5 nm near-surface layer as detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The identification of hydroxyl groups was performed by means of attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and XPS. KW - Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transorm infrared spectroscopy KW - Chemical reduction of functional groups KW - Plasma modification KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy PY - 1999 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00232-7 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 116-119 SP - 796 EP - 801 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-6983 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, P. A1 - Knes, R. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Surface cleaning by plasma-enhanced desorption of contaminants PY - 1999 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 112 SP - 240 EP - 244 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-6984 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geng, Sh. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Gähde, J. A1 - Guo, L. T1 - Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) and Its Use in analysis of Plasma-Modified Surface KW - Plasma KW - IR KW - Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) KW - Surface modification PY - 1999 SN - 0021-8995 SN - 1097-4628 VL - 71 SP - 1231 EP - 1237 PB - Wiley InterScience CY - Hoboken, NJ AN - OPUS4-6985 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Weiss, K. A1 - Wöll, Ch. ED - Mittal, K. T1 - The Application of Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structures (NEXAFS) Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) in Surface Analysis of Chromium-evaporated Polymers and Organic Films PY - 1998 SN - 90-6764-290-8 SP - 147 EP - 168 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-6986 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Vogel, Lydia ED - Mittal, K. T1 - Plasma Pretreatment of Polymer Surfaces - Relevance to Adhesion of Metals T2 - 5th Symposium on Metallized Plastics ; 6th Symposium on Metallized Plastics CY - Los Angeles, CA, USA DA - 1996-05-05 PY - 1998 SN - 90-6764-290-8 SP - 271 EP - 293 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-6987 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Infrared-Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization and Infrared-Laser Desorption/Ionization Investigations of Synthetic Polymers PY - 1998 SN - 0951-4198 SN - 1097-0231 VL - 12 SP - 1373 EP - 1381 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-6988 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Decker, Renate A1 - Roessner, D. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Influence of Plasma Treatment on the Molar Mass of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Investigated by Different Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Methods N2 - The influence of different types of low and atmospheric pressure plasma on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been studied in terms of changes in molar mass and molar mass distribution. Apart from a variation of plasma gases (oxygen, helium) different types of plasma (microwave, radio frequency, corona discharge) were used for the plasma surface modification. The changes in molar mass and types of functional end groups of lower molar mass products were investigated by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS), whereas the high-molar mass fraction was analyzed by means of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The formation of crosslinked products during exposure to a helium plasma, which emits preponderately energy-rich and intense ultraviolet radiation, was proved by means of thermal field-flow fractionation (ThFFF). This method combined with a multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS) detector allows detection of weakly crosslinked polymers and microgels. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1639-1648, 1998 KW - Poly(ethylene terephthalate) KW - PET KW - Plasma PY - 1998 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/36482/ABSTRACT U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0518(19980730)36:10<1639::AID-POLA17>3.0.CO;2-H SN - 0360-6376 SN - 0887-624X VL - 36 IS - 10 SP - 1639 EP - 1648 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ AN - OPUS4-6989 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Wöll, Ch. T1 - Oxygen plama induced degradation of the surface of poly(styrene), poly(bisphenol-A-carbonate) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) as observed by soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) KW - Oxygen DC plasma treatment KW - Plasma degradation KW - X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) PY - 1998 SN - 0032-3861 SN - 1873-2291 VL - 39 IS - 14 SP - 3001 EP - 3009 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-6990 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grytsenko, K. A1 - Grynko, D. A1 - Lozovski, V. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Jurga, J. A1 - Convertino, A. A1 - Kotko, A. ED - Jurga, J. T1 - Properties of Au nano-clusters in PTFE film prepared by co-evaporation in a vacuum PY - 2004 SN - 83-7143-232-1 SP - 79 EP - 84 PB - Wydawn. Politechniki Pozna´nskiej CY - Poznan AN - OPUS4-6961 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, P. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus T1 - Gezielte chemische Funktionalisierung von porösen Materialien und Bauteilen aus der Mikrosystemtechnik T2 - Workshop Funktionalisierung von Oberflächen für die Biotechnologie CY - Dresden, Deutschland DA - 2003-03-11 PY - 2003 SP - 1(?) EP - 8(?) PB - EFDS CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-6962 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, P. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus T1 - Selective chemical modification of porous materials and films for bio-medical applications T2 - CIP 2003 ; 14th International Colloquium on Plasma Processes CY - Antibes, France DA - 2003-06-30 PY - 2003 SP - 1(?) EP - 4(?) PB - sfv, Sociéte Française du Vide CY - Paris AN - OPUS4-6963 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Just, Ulrich A1 - Wittke, Wolfgang A1 - Rittig, F. A1 - Gruber, F. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Analysis of modified polyamide 6.6 using coupled liquid chromatography and MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry KW - MALDI-TOF-MS KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Coupling methods PY - 2004 SN - 0168-1176 SN - 0020-7381 SN - 1387-3806 SN - 1873-2798 VL - 238 IS - 3 SP - 235 EP - 244 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-6966 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Gerstung, Vanessa A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Unger, Wolfgang ED - Mittal, K. L. T1 - Plasma polymer adhesion promoters for metal-polymer systems T2 - 2nd International Symposium on Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications CY - Newark, NJ, USA DA - 2001-12-03 KW - r.f. pulsed plasma KW - Plasma polymers with functional groups KW - Copolymers KW - Adhesion promoting interlayers KW - Metal-polymer systems PY - 2003 SN - 90-6764-378-5 VL - 2 SP - 359 EP - 388 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-6967 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mach, Reinhard A1 - Letzig, U. A1 - Goering, Harald A1 - Oleszak, Franz A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Richter, K. T1 - Effects of Heat Treatment on the Structure of Thermal Plasma Synthesized SiCN Composite Nanopowders N2 - SiCN composite nanopowders with different chemical composition and characteristics were synthesized by the RF induction plasma at atmospheric pressure. Frequently the as-produced powders exhibit a high degree of chemical disorder or structural defects. Because the composition and the microstructure of starting powders have a great influence on the properties of composite ceramics, the changes of chemical composition, crystallization, and morphology of the as-produced powders during heat treatment up to 1500 °C were investigated in detail. PY - 2003 UR - http://www.ipme.ru/e-journals/RAMS/no_1503/tai/tai.html SN - 1606-5131 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 85 EP - 90 PB - Advanced Study Center CY - St. Petersburg AN - OPUS4-6968 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Mix, Renate ED - Radusch, H.-J. ED - Fiedler, L. T1 - Plasma-initiated homo and copolymerisation for modifying polymer surfaces with funtional groups of different type and density T2 - Internationale Fachtagung Polymerwerkstoffe ; P-2002 CY - Halle (Saale), Germany DA - 2002-09-25 PY - 2002 SN - 3-86010-656-2 SP - 534 EP - 539 PB - Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg CY - Halle (Saale) AN - OPUS4-6969 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Functional groups bearing plasma homo and copolymer layers as adhesion promoters in metal-polymer composites T2 - 10. Neues Dresdner Vakuumtechnisches Kolloquium (NDVaK) CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2002-10-17 PY - 2002 SP - 6 EP - 15 PB - DTVa CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-6970 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Giebler, Rainer A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Reactions and Intermediates at the Metal-Polymer Interface - Detected by XPS and NEXAFS Spectroscopy T2 - 4th European Conference on Adhesion (EURADH '98) ; 1st World Congress on Adhesion and Related Phenomena (WCARP) CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 1998-09-06 PY - 1998 SN - 0021-8464 VL - 75 IS - 1 SP - 1.60 EP - 1.62 PB - Gordon & Breach CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-6991 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krüger, P. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Mennig, G. T1 - Modifizierung von Polymeren im Niederdruckplasma T2 - 15. Fachtagung über Verarbeitung und Anwendung von Polymeren CY - Chemnitz, Deutschland DA - 1997-11-13 PY - 1997 SN - 3-00-001942-1 IS - B27 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Techn. Univ. CY - Chemnitz AN - OPUS4-6992 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard ED - Schindel-Bidinelli, E. T1 - Umweltfreundliches Metallisieren von Kunststoffen durch Plasmavorbehandlung in einem geschlossenen Reaktor T2 - Swissbonding 97 ; 11. Internationales Symposium Klebtechnik und Umwelt ; 11th International Symposium Bonding and Sealing Technology CY - Rapperswil, Schweiz DA - 1997-05-26 PY - 1997 SP - 1(?) EP - 3(?) PB - SWIBOTECH CY - Rorbas AN - OPUS4-6994 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard ED - Nowack, H. T1 - Wechselwirkungen zwischen plasmamodifizierten Polymeroberflächen und Metallen T2 - 5. Internationale Fachtagung - ND-Plasma-Technologie CY - Duisburg, Deutschland DA - 1997-09-22 PY - 1997 VL - 5 SP - 1(?) EP - 17(?) PB - Print-Service CY - Mülheim AN - OPUS4-6995 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, P. A1 - Wigant, L. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Nowack, H. T1 - Permeabilitätsverminderung von Polyolefinfilmen durch Plasmapolymerbeschichtungen T2 - 5. Internationale Fachtagung - ND-Plasma-Technologie CY - Duisburg, Deutschland DA - 1997-09-22 PY - 1997 VL - 5 SP - 1(?) EP - 16(?) PB - Print-Service CY - Mülheim AN - OPUS4-6996 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Roessner, D. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas ED - Olefjord, I. ED - Nyborg, L. ED - Briggs, D. T1 - Changes in molecular weight distribution of polymers by plasma treatment T2 - 7th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis CY - Göteborg, Sweden DA - 1997-06-16 PY - 1997 SN - 0-471-97827-2 SP - 795 EP - 799 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-6997 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Wöll, Ch. T1 - Surface analysis of DC oxygen plasma treated or chromium evaporated poly(ethylene terephthalate) foils by soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) KW - Biaxially streched poly(ehtylene terephthalate) KW - Oxygen DC plasma treatment KW - Metallization with chromium PY - 1997 SN - 0032-3861 SN - 1873-2291 VL - 38 IS - 8 SP - 2005 EP - 2010 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-6998 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Geng, Sh. A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Modelling plasma-induced reactions on polymer surfaces using aliphatic self-assembling and LB layers PY - 1998 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 98 SP - 1132 EP - 1141 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-6999 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wigant, L. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Wittrich, H. T1 - Corona, spark and combined UV and ozone modification of polymer films WeBP23 N2 - Different types of plasma, irradiative and chemical activation were compared in terms of surface functionalization. Corona and spark jet plasmas are characterized by low gas temperatures and high rates in surface modification. UV irradiation in the presence of ozone does not involve any particle bombardment and acts only by enhanced photooxidative processes. Although ion implantation can be avoided, this method is not free of radiative damage in both the surface-near region and the bulk of polymers. Furthermore, its functionalization rate is low. In relation to low-pressure O2 plasma modification, all treatments mentioned here have a low efficiency in adhesion promotion due to oxidative degradation of macromolecules and formation of molecular debris known as the ''weak boundary layer''. PY - 1998 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(97)00318-6 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 98 IS - 1 SP - 879 EP - 885 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-7000 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wigant, L. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Geng, Sh. A1 - Erdmann, J. A1 - Gorsler, H.-V. T1 - Neue Erkenntnisse zur Plasmamodifizierung von Polymeroberflächen PY - 1995 SN - 0949-8214 VL - 1 SP - 36 EP - 42 PB - Technische Fachhochschule CY - Wildau AN - OPUS4-7011 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas T1 - Plasma Modification of Polymer Surfaces PY - 1995 SN - 1022-1360 SN - 0258-0322 SN - 1521-3900 VL - 100 SP - 111 EP - 115 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-7012 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wigant, L. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Wittrich, H. A1 - Prescher, D. A1 - Erdmann, J. A1 - Gorsler, H.-V. A1 - Nick, L. T1 - Barrier properties of plasma-modified polypropylene and polyethyleneterephthalate KW - Plasma fluorination of polymers KW - Deposition of fluorine-containing plasma polymers KW - Barrier formation against solvent permeation KW - Permeation mechanism of solvent mixtures PY - 1995 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 9 IS - 9 SP - 1165 EP - 1180 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-7013 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wigant, L. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Geng, Sh. A1 - Erdmann, J. A1 - Gorsler, H.-V. T1 - Plasmavorbehandlungen von Polymeroberflächen T2 - 2. Freiberger Polymertag CY - Freiberg DA - 1995-05-30 PY - 1995 SP - 17 Seiten CY - Freiberg AN - OPUS4-7014 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate ED - D'Agostino, R. T1 - Polymer Surface Modification with Monofunctional Groups of Different Type and Density T2 - 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry ; ISPC-16 CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2005 SN - 3-527-40487-2 SP - 3 EP - 21 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-7019 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Geng, Sh. A1 - Wigant, L. A1 - Wöll, Ch. A1 - Erdmann, J. A1 - Gorsler, H.-V. T1 - Characterization of plasma-modified organic surfaces by electron spectroscopy, SEIRA, and MALDI-TOF-MS T2 - 6th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis CY - Montreux, Switzerland DA - 1995-10-09 PY - 1995 SP - TC 11 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-7001 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Scheyrer, P. T1 - Vergleich der Wirksamkeit verschiedener Normal- und Niederdruckplasmen bei der Vorbehandlung von Kunststoffen T2 - Seminar Beschriften und vollflächiges Dekorieren von Kunststoffoberflächen CY - Würzburg, Deutschland DA - 1999-03-30 PY - 1995 SP - 14 Seiten PB - Süddeutsches Kunststoffzentrum CY - Würzburg AN - OPUS4-7002 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Plasmabehandlung von Polymeren PY - 1997 SN - 0001-8198 SN - 0943-1454 VL - 41 IS - 1-2 SP - 28 EP - 33 PB - Vieweg CY - Wiesbaden AN - OPUS4-7003 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas T1 - Plasmaoxidative Degradation of Polymers Studied by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry PY - 1996 SN - 0951-4198 SN - 1097-0231 VL - 10 SP - 727 EP - 732 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-7004 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wigant, L. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Erdmann, J. A1 - Gorsler, H.-V. T1 - Oberflächenvorbehandlung von Polypropylen in elektrischen Entladungen PY - 1995 SN - 0590-8450 VL - 1 SP - 123 EP - 127 PB - Verl. Coating Thomas CY - St. Gallen AN - OPUS4-7005 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wigant, L. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Wittrich, H. A1 - Prescher, D. ED - Mittal, K. L. T1 - Barrier properties of plasma-modified polypropylene and polyethyleneterephthalate T2 - International Symposium on Polymer Surface Modification: Relevance to Adhesion CY - Las Vegas, NV, USA DA - 1993-11-03 KW - Plasma fluorination of polymers KW - Deposition of fluorine-containing plasma polymers KW - Barrier formation against solvent permeation KW - Permeation mechanism of solvent mixtures PY - 1996 SN - 90-6764-201-0 VL - 1 SP - 121 EP - 136 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-7006 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Rohrer, P. A1 - Saur, W. A1 - Erdmann, J. A1 - Gorsler, H.-V. ED - Mittal, K. L. T1 - The improvement in adhesion of polyurethane-polypropylene composites by short-time exposure of polypropylene to low and atmospheric pressure plasmas KW - Polyurethane-polypropylene adhesion KW - Low pressure plasma pretreatment KW - Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment KW - Short-time exposure KW - Relevance of functional groups to adhesion KW - Molecular orientation at polymer surfaces PY - 1996 SN - 90-6764-201-0 SP - 49 EP - 72 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-7007 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wigant, L. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Untersuchungen zur Kraftstoffdichtheit von Kunststofftanks PY - 1996 SN - 0949-8214 VL - 1 SP - 40 EP - 47 PB - Technische Fachhochschule CY - Wildau AN - OPUS4-7008 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Plasmabehandelte Polymere charakterisieren PY - 1995 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 37 IS - 6 SP - 233 EP - 237 PB - Carl Hanser Verlag CY - München AN - OPUS4-7009 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Rohrer, P. A1 - Saur, W. A1 - Erdmann, J. A1 - Gorsler, H.-V. T1 - The improvement in adhesion of polyurethane-polypropylene composites by short-time exposure of polypropylene to low and atmospheric pressure plasmas KW - Polyurethane-polypropylene adhesion KW - Low pressure plasma pretreatment KW - Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment KW - Short-time exposure KW - Relevance of functional groups to adhesion KW - Molecular orientation at polymer surfaces PY - 1995 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 9 IS - 5 SP - 575 EP - 598 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-7010 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kona, Balakantha Rao A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Epoxidation of Polydienes Investigated by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and GPC-MALDI Coupling N2 - Polybutadienes (PB) and polyisoprenes (PI) with various molecular weights and polydispersities were epoxidized applying two different synthetic routes. The degree of epoxidation was determined by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). It has been found that the degree of functionalization of polybutadiene is generally lower than that for polyisoprenes. Additionally, PB shows lower degrees of epoxidation at higher masses, whereas the level of functionalization of PI was unaffected by the molar mass. Coupling of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was successfully used for the investigation of epoxidized polymers with higher masses. Using mass spectra of single fractions, the degree of epoxidation could be determined and applied for a calibration of GPC. PY - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10236660490935736 SN - 1023-666X SN - 1563-5341 VL - 10 IS - 1-2 SP - 85 EP - 109 PB - Gordon and Breach Publ. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-11860 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard ED - Mutlu, M. T1 - Adhesion between metal atoms and polymer surfaces fitted with different types and variable density of functional groups T2 - 3rd workshop COST 527 CY - Antalya, Turkey DA - 2004-10-07 KW - Peel strength KW - Aluminium KW - Pulsed plasma KW - Allyl alcohol KW - Allylamine KW - Acrylic acid PY - 2005 SN - 975-491194-0 SP - 106 EP - 114 PB - Hacettepe Univ. Press CY - Ankara AN - OPUS4-11042 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface analysis of plasma-deposited polymer films by Time of Flight Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SSIMS) before and after exposure to ambient air N2 - Pulsed plasma deposited styrene and ethylene films were studied by Time of Flight Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SSIMS) before and after exposure to ambient air. The influence of the external plasma parameters on the secondary ion mass spectra of plasma deposited films was investigated. Approaches for the interpretation of SSIMS spectra of organic materials were reviewed and applied to the evaluation of SSIMS data of plasma deposited films. From these data, information on the chemical character of the plasma deposited films was derived. When the plasma polymers are exposed to air oxygen incorporation occurs. The oxygen uptake is high at the beginning and then it levels of. A relation that “higher the regularity of the film lower is the oxygen uptake” was found. Harder plasma conditions, which could be obtained by applying higher plasma power or lower monomer flow rate, result in higher oxygen uptake and vice versa. KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Polyethylene (PE) KW - Polystyrene (PS) KW - SIMS KW - Ageing PY - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.02.032 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 200 IS - 1-4 SP - 463 EP - 467 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-11044 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Study of influence of external plasma parameters on plasma polymerised films prepared from organic molecules (acrylic acid, allyl alcohol, allyl amine) using XPS and NEXAFS N2 - Plasma polymerised films of acrylic acid, allyl alcohol and allyl amine were prepared and studied by XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and XAS (X-ray absorption spectroscopy). The influence of external plasma parameters on certain chemical aspects of the films was investigated. The use of XPS and NEXAFS (near edge X-ray absorption fine structure) as complimentary tools in the surface characterisation of thin films has been highlighted. Certain chemical aspects of the plasma polymerised films such as presence of ROCdouble bond; length as m-dashO in the case of plasma polymerised acrylic acid films, presence of RCdouble bond; length as m-dashO and RC–OR bonds in case of plasma polymerised allyl alcohol films and presence of RCdouble bond; length as m-dashN and C?N in case of plasma polymerised allyl amine films were studied. The concentration of ROCdouble bond; length as m-dashO species was found to decrease with increase in r.f. duty cycle in the case of plasma polymerised acrylic acid films. In case of plasma polymerised allyl alcohol films there is a decrease in the concentration of RCdouble bond; length as m-dashO species and increase in the concentration of RC–OR species at higher pressures, while in the case of plasma polymerised allyl amine films the concentration of RCdouble bond; length as m-dashN and C?N increases at higher powers, with an increase in C?N more pronounced at higher powers. KW - Plasma polymerization KW - NEXAFS KW - XPS KW - Plasma parameter PY - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.01.083 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 200 IS - 1-4 SP - 494 EP - 497 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-11045 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mohamed, Zeinab A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Schimanski, A. A1 - Jäger, Christian A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Deposition of thick polymer or inorganic layers with flame-retardant properties by combination of plasma and spray processes N2 - Mixtures of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and oxygen have been used for deposition of SiO2-like layers by plasma polymerization under low-pressure conditions onto polyethylene and polystyrene used as basecoat. Water glass was cast onto these 0.5 µm plasma thick siloxane-like layers with a thickness of 5 to 40 µm. The adhesion of these bilayer systems and their flame resistance were tested. The effect of different plasma parameters such as monomer/gas ratio, pressure and power input into the discharge on the deposition rate and the composition of the formed layers was studied. Characterization and chemical composition of the formed films were performed using infrared, X-ray photoelectron and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Peel strengths of composites were measured and the locus of peel front propagation was detected. Thermal properties of composites were analyzed by thermo-gravimetric analysis. Finally, the fire-retardant properties of thick coated polymers were determined by exposure to flames and the behavior of coatings on the polymers during flaming was observed visually. KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Hexamethyldisiloxane plasma polymer KW - Polystyrene KW - Polyethylene KW - Flame retardancy PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.04.039 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 228 SP - 266 EP - 274 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-28735 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Ibrahimov, H.J. A1 - Nasibova, G.G. T1 - 1Brominated carbon nanotubes as effective catalysts for petroleum hydrocarbons aerobic oxidation KW - Katalyse KW - Paraffinoxidation PY - 2012 SN - 0342-5622 VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 45 EP - 48 PB - Urban-Verl. CY - Hamburg; Wien AN - OPUS4-25636 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ibrahimov, H.C. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Ismailov, E.H. A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar A1 - Aliyeva, A. Z. A1 - Seidov, M.I. A1 - Rustamov, M.I. T1 - Thermal and magnetic peculiarities of metal-containing carbon nano-phase formed in the reaction of fine-dispersed aluminium with dichlorethane in paraffin medium N2 - Electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectroscopy, X-ray-fluorescent microscopy (XFM) and thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) are used to characterize the carbon nano-phase obtained in the reaction between fine-dispersed aluminium and dichlorethane in the liquid paraffin medium and its modified with Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Cu(II) chlorides forms were studied. It was shown that the solid nano-structured functionalized carbon systems containing metals possess specific magnetic and thermal properties. Key parameters of the process, influencing on the size and structure of the formed carbon nano-phase were determined. Results and regularities established in this work create presumably the certain basis for optimization of physical and chemical properties of similar systems. KW - Aluminium KW - Dichlorethane KW - Carbon nanostructure KW - Magnetic KW - Thermal properties PY - 2012 SN - 2161-6213 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 196 EP - 202 PB - David publishing CY - Libertyville, Illinois, USA AN - OPUS4-25639 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fahmy, A. A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Structure of plasma-deposited copolymer films prepared from acrylic acid and styrene: Part I dependence on the duty cycle N2 - Copolymers of acrylic acid and styrene (AA/S) were prepared by pulsed plasma deposition and their structures were studied in dependence on the duty cycle (DC) for a fixed composition of 1:1. As a result, low values of DC doses preserve the structure of monomers in the plasma deposited polymers while high DC leads to a higher degree of fragmentation and a loss in regular structure. Regarding plasma copolymerisation as a feasible method to finish surfaces with a definite number of functional groups it is necessary to characterize both, the chemical nature and the physical properties of the deposited layer. Therefore, a combination of different methods was employed for the characterization of thin plasma copolymer films (FTIR, dielectric spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)). Special attention was paid on the unambiguous identification of COOH groups at the surface after derivatization with trifluoroethanol by XPS and in the volume by FTIR. The glass transition temperature of the copolymer system is lower than that for the both plasma deposited homopolymers and increases with the DC in difference to plasma deposited poly(acrylic acid). The dielectric measurements showed that the plasma deposited films were not thermally stable and underwent an undesired post-plasma chemical reaction. The results obtained by dielectric spectroscopy are discussed in detail in comparison with the data from FTIR and XPS measurements. KW - Plasmapolymerisation KW - Copolymerisation KW - Acrylic acid–styrene copolymer KW - Dynamic mobility KW - Plasma copolymerisation KW - Surface functionalization KW - Thin film properties PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201100117 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 273 EP - 284 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-25654 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar A1 - Maherramova, S.N. A1 - Sadieva, N.F. A1 - Iskenderova, S.A. A1 - Agayev, B. K. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - New softeners for polyvinylchloride N2 - Die Produktion von neuen effektiven und 'grünen' Weichmachern für Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) stellt eine der großen Herausforderungen in der chemischen Industrie dar. In diesem Beitrag wird über Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen berichtet, in denen symmetrische Ester einer Reihe von Fettsäuren und Triethylenglykol (TEG) gewonnen wurden und die als effektive Plastifizierungskomponenten verwendet wurden. Die Veresterung wurde unter Zugabe von Titandioxid Degussa P-25 in Nanopartikelgröße als umweltverträgliche Technologie durchgeführt. Eine gute Verträglichkeit und eine niedrige Flüchtigkeit der Ester auf Biobasis in den PVC-Rezepturen werden gezeigt und es konnten bessere physiko-mechanische Eigenschaften der PVC-Komposite eingestellt werden. Die Ester können als effektive und umweltfreundliche PVC-Weichmacher und als Ersatz für herkömmliche Phtalate empfohlen werden. KW - Softener KW - Polyvinylchloride PY - 2012 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 54 IS - 4 SP - 246 EP - 248 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-25747 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Inagaki, N. T1 - Modification of branched polyethylene by aerosol-assisted dielectric barrier discharge N2 - Three polyethylene (PE) types with different branching structures were subjected to air, water and ethanol aerosol-assisted dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) for surface modification. Using the air DBD the incorporated oxygen concentration was found to be independent on the branching of PE in contrast to the introduction of OH groups, which was PE-2 > PE-1 > PE-3. For water-aerosol DBD the succession of OH concentration was in the order of PE-1 > PE-2 > PE-3. Ethanol aerosol-assisted DBD produced the lowest concentration of OH groups also independent on the branching of PE. The chemical nature of introduced oxygen functional groups was inspected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and assigned as C–O, >C=O/CHO/O–C–O and O=C–O. KW - PE KW - Surface modification KW - Aerosol-assisted DBD PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201100052 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 406 EP - 416 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-25748 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fahmy, A. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Degradation behavior of thin polystyrene films on exposure to Ar plasma and its emitted radiation N2 - Spin-coated films of amorphous polystyrene (PS) were exposed to argon plasma for a few seconds to several minutes. The PS film was either in direct contact with the plasma or was shielded from the direct plasma contact by filters with different cutoff wavelengths in the vacuum UV region or by a Faraday cage (FC) made from metal mesh to prevent the impinging of charged species. Only energy-rich neutrals and plasma radiation may be operative in presence of the FC. lithium fluoride (LiF) filter protects the sample from direct contact with the plasma. Wavelengths of plasma radiation shorter than c. 105 nm (≈ 11.8 eV) were cut off. Glass filters made of fused SiO2 have a cutoff at λ ≈175?nm completely the vacuum UV radiation of plasma (ca. 175 nm ≈ 7.0 eV). These energies are sufficient to produce C–C, C–H bond scissions in case of direct Ar plasma exposure and Ar plasma exposure with use of the LiF filter. Only quartz glass shielding did not produce significant effects on the polymer surface in comparison to the reference PS, either in surface energy or O/C ratio or in IR spectra. Oxygen plasma has worked most aggressive and had etched the PS film, thus establishing a steady state between introduction of new oxygen functionalities and polymer etching. Ar plasma exposure produces also oxidation and etching of the polymer films as the oxygen plasma. Using of a FC during Ar plasma exposure or the LiF filter a slightly weaker oxidation was observed. KW - Polystyrene KW - Plasma treatment KW - Plasma emitted radiation KW - Degradation KW - Thin films PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2012.705528 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 324 EP - 338 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-26315 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Plasma bromination of HOPG surfaces: a NEXAFS and synchrotron XPS study N2 - Br bonding on plasma brominated graphite surfaces has been studied by using Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Br2 and bromoform were used as plasma gases in an r.f. cw low pressure plasma process. Kr plasma had been used to study separately the physical and chemical plasma etching effects. At early steps of plasma bromination which lead to only small XPS Br surface concentration values a quick decay of aromaticity has been observed. At low Br surface concentration radical or even electrophilic addition of bromine onto sp2 carbon atoms is discussed as the dominating reaction pathway. At higher Br surface concentrations the inherent formation of sp3 defects in the graphene network by chemical etching processes promotes nucleophilic substitution of bromine at sp3 carbons as a competing reaction pathway. Both reaction pathways lead to C–Br species characterized by the same Br 3d XPS binding energy. However more than one Br 3d component in XP spectra has been found at lower Br2 plasma induced Br surface concentrations and complexation of bromine at HOPG is assumed as a third way of interaction with Br2 plasma. KW - HOPG KW - Graphite KW - Plasma bromination KW - Low pressure plasma KW - NEXAFS KW - XPS PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2013.01.020 SN - 0039-6028 VL - 611 SP - L1 EP - L7 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-27928 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mohamed, Zeinab A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Deposition of thick polymer or inorganic layers with flame-retardant properties by combination of plasma and spray processes N2 - Mixtures of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and oxygen have been used for deposition of SiO2-like layers by plasma polymerization under low-pressure conditions onto polyethylene and polystyrene used as basecoat. Water glass was cast onto these 0.5 pm plasma thick siloxane-like layers with a thickness of 5 to 40 mu m. The adhesion of these bilayer systems and their flame resistance were tested. The effect of different plasma parameters such as monomer/gas ratio, pressure and power input into the discharge on the deposition rate and the composition of the formed layers was studied. Characterization and chemical composition of the formed films were performed using infrared, X-ray photoelectron and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Peel strengths of composites were measured and the locus of peel front propagation was detected. Thermal properties of composites were analyzed by thermo-gravimetric analysis. Finally, the fire-retardant properties of thick coated polymers were determined by exposure to flames and the behavior of coatings on the polymers during flaming was observed visually. T2 - 3. Magdeburger Brand- und Explosionsschutztag / vfdb-Workshop CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 21.03.2013 KW - Polymer KW - Plasmatechnologie KW - Analytik PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-00-041601-9 SP - 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-27988 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Nuriyev, L. A1 - Aliyeva, A. Z. A1 - Cherepnova, Y. T1 - Plasma-chemically brominated single-walled carbon nanotubes as novel catalysts for oil hydrocarbons aerobic oxidation N2 - Brominated single-walled carbon nanotubes [(Br)n-SWCNT) produced by the plasma-chemical technique were involved in the liquid-phase process of hydrocarbons aerobic oxidation. The significant catalytic effect of the (Br)n-SWCNT was revealed at first by the cumene initiated model oxidation and then in experiments on profound aerobic oxidation of petroleum naphthenic fraction derived from the commercial Azerbaijan (Baku) oils blend diesel cut. The ability of (Br)n-SWCNT to accelerate the aerobic oxidation of the hydrocarbons was found out for the first time. Obviously this phenomenon originates from the peculiarities of electronic configuration of the (Br)n-CNT patterns. The plausible mechanism of (Br)n-SWCNT catalytic action is inclined to the formation of reactive oxygen species. The catalytic activity of (Br)n-SWCNT markedly exceeds the activity of the industrial catalysts, manganese salt of indigenous petroleum acids, used for the liquid phase petroleum hydrocarbons oxidation process. KW - Brominated carbon nanotubes KW - Plasma-chemical technique KW - Model cumene oxidation KW - Oxidation rate KW - Oxidation catalysts KW - Oil hydrocarbons liquid-phase oxidation KW - Manganese naphthenate KW - Synthetic petroleum acids PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2013.01.003 SN - 0926-860X SN - 1873-3875 VL - 454 SP - 115 EP - 118 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-28290 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Inagaki, N. ED - Thomas, M. ED - Mittal, K.L. T1 - Permanence of functional groups at polyolefin surfaces introduced by dielectric barrier discharge pretreatment in presence of aerosols N2 - A convenient way to overcome the chemical inertness of polyolefin surfaces is to expose them to the atmospheric air plasma of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). To improve the efficiency in formation of polar groups at the polyolefin surface, different liquids such as water and ethanol were sprayed as aerosol into the plasma zone between the powered electrode and the polyolefin surface. Both sprayed liquids as well as the polyolefin surface were simultaneously activated; thus, the formation of different functional groups at the polyolefin surface was realized. The type of aerosol-sprayed additive, exposure time, power etc. have been found to determine the efficiency with respect to introduction of polar groups. KW - PE KW - PP KW - Surface modification KW - Aerosol-assisted DBD PY - 2013 SN - 978-1-118-59621-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118747308.ch4 N1 - Serientitel: Adhesion and Adhesives: Fundamental and applied aspects – Series title: Adhesion and Adhesives: Fundamental and applied aspects IS - Part 1 / Chapter 4 SP - 131 EP - 156 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-28657 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Hielscher, Stefan A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Plasma meets chemistry: Combined methods for tailored interface design in metal-polymer composites by selective chemical reactions on plasma modified surfaces N2 - The applicability of polymer-metal composites is mainly determined by the durability of the adhesive strength between both components. Aluminium (Al) deposited on polypropylene (PP) exemplifies different options of interface design. By deposition of plasma polymers on PP the effect of the type of the functionality was investigated. Spacer insertion was accomplished to position the functional group away from the topmost surface. A further kind of interface design involved a partial condensation of functional groups. Hydroxyl and carboxyl groups were most effective to improve adhesion in Al-PP systems. Approximately 7-10 carboxyl or 25-27 hydroxyl groups per 100 C atoms were necessary to increase the peel strength up to ~700 N/m. In this range, the failure of the composite propagated along the interface Al-tape (no peeling of the metal). Spacer molecules between surface and functional groups provoked the effect that the number of needed functional groups for maximum adhesion was strongly reduced. Linking of the functional groups resulted in non-peelable Al-PP laminates. Two adhesion tests were applied - the peel test and the centrifuge technology. For PP foils modified with chemically bonded and additionally linked silanol groups (no peeling) an adhesive strength of (2.5 ± 0.2) N/mm² was determined by centrifuge technology. XPS inspection of both fracture surfaces indicated a sub-surface failure in the polymer. T2 - HTPP-12 - 12th High-tech plasma processes conference CY - Bologna, Italy DA - 2012-06-24 KW - Adhesion PP-Al KW - Modified surfaces KW - Interface design PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/406/1/012004 SN - 1742-6588 SN - 1742-6596 VL - 406 SP - 012004-1 - 012004-11 PB - IOP Publ. CY - Bristol, UK AN - OPUS4-28658 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Combination of plasma-chemical and wet-chemical processes - a simple way to optimize interfaces in metal-polymer composites for maximal adhesion N2 - Different surface treatments of polypropylene (PP) were tested to improve the peel strength of aluminium-PP systems. Plasma exposure followed by chemical grafting of spacers with -SiOH endgroups and thin adhesion promoting layers deposited by aerosol-assisted DBD using aqu. solutions of classic polymers were compared. Both methods were effective, however, –SiOH terminated spacers effected no peeling also after ageing. T2 - ISPC 21 - 21st International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry CY - Cairns, QLD, Australia DA - 2013-08-02 KW - Adhesion polypropylene-aluminium KW - Tailored interface structures KW - Aerosol-assisted DBD PY - 2013 UR - http://www.ispc-conference.org/ispcproc/ispc21/ID549.pdf SP - Paper 549, 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-28661 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Mechanisms of plasma polymerization - reviewed from a chemical point of view N2 - Several reaction mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of plasma polymers, such as monomer fragmentation followed by poly-recombination into randomly structured and crosslinked films; fragmentation, accompanied by the formation of acetylene or other film-forming intermediates and deposition of polystyrene-like material; plasma-initiation of a radical chain-growth polymerization; and ion-molecule reactions, as well as ionic chain-growth polymerization. The bulk structure of plasma polymers is completely irregular, far from that of conventional polymers. The retention of functional groups during plasma polymerization tends to be greater than that of the entire monomer structure found again as an intact repeat unit in the resulting plasma polymer. An alternative method for depositing ultra-thin, pin-hole free coatings, ones that possess regular structures, is by electrospray ionization (ESI) of pre-fabricated polymers. KW - Fragmentation-recombination KW - Mechanism KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Pulsed plasma KW - Structure of plasma polymers PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201100038 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 8 IS - 9 SP - 783 EP - 802 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-24502 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Ramanujam, Maalolan A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Reichert, T. T1 - New ways for early detection of polymer ageing N2 - Photo-oxidative ageing of polymers under defined exposure (UV, humidity) was investigated from two points of view: a) the ageing process Starts from the topmost surface and penetrates slowly towards bulk and b) radicals play an important role among ageing. Therefore, X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy were applied to show both, the progressive incorporation of oxygen during in-situ UV irradiation (XPS) and the formation of radicals (ESR) in the polymer. The intensity of ESR Signals served as measure for radical concentration. The Validation of this correlation was checked for polyethylenes (PE) equipped with different concentrations of Hostavin N30 UV stabilizer. T2 - 5th European weathering symposium - Natural and artificial ageing of polymers CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 21.09.2011 PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-9813136-2-8 N1 - Serientitel: CEEES Publication – Series title: CEEES Publication IS - 15 SP - 157 EP - 163 PB - GUS (Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation) CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-24535 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ramanujam, Maalolan A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Reichert, T. T1 - Influence of UV weathering and humidity on surface & bulk properties of LDPE N2 - The outdoor weathering of polymers is mainly due to UV radiation, water, Pollution, humidity, temperature etc. To understand the effects of weathering, simulated tests need to be undertaken in lab scale. Such tests must be quite efficient and similar to the effects of natural weathering. This paper mainly focuses on the effects of UV radiation along with humidity on LDPE. T2 - 5th European weathering symposium - Natural and artificial ageing of polymers CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 21.09.2011 KW - LDPE KW - UV weathering KW - Humidity PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-9813136-2-8 N1 - Serientitel: CEEES Publication – Series title: CEEES Publication IS - 15 SP - 211 EP - 218 PB - GUS (Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation) CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-24536 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hanelt, Sven A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Orts Gil, Guillermo A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus T1 - Study of Lewis acid catalyzed chemical bromination and bromoalkylation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes N2 - Chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNT) with nucleophiles requires introduction of electrophilic reactive sites on the CNTs. This can, for instance, be accomplished by the chemical bromination procedure with elemental bromine and a set of Lewis acids (BBr3, BF3 × Et2O, AlBr3, FeBr3, ZnBr2, TiBr4, SiBr4, SnBr4, VBr3) or a radical starter like dibenzoylperoxide (DBPO) in appropriate solvents at varied temperature. The present approach to electrophilic sites relies on the well-known electrophilic aromatic substitution or addition of bromine with aromatic structural units. In addition to the use of bromine, the introduction of haloalkyl groups was also investigated here using bis-electrophiles or haloalcohols and Brønsted acids. The advantages and drawbacks of the studied reaction conditions, the obtained degree of bromination as analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the amount of introduced bromine that can be substituted by a nucleophile are presented and discussed. KW - Carbon nanotubes KW - Bromierung KW - Lewis Säure KW - Bromalkylierung KW - CNT PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.11.009 SN - 0008-6223 SN - 1873-3891 VL - 50 IS - 3 SP - 1373 EP - 1385 PB - Pergamon Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-25207 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Improvement of adhesivity of polypropylene by its surface modification using the aerosol dielectric barrier discharge N2 - Plasma processes are used in many fields of Science and technology. While a plasma oxygen treatment produces a broad variety of different oxygen-containing functional groups, tailored - surface functionalisation demands preset functional groups in known concentration. Due to the fact that most of plasma experiments need expensive vacuum equipment increased efforts are to observe to apply atmospheric pressure plasma processes. Thus, Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) and corona treatment of polymer foils have a long tradilion in industry to modify them for printing, laminating, adhesion promotion, etc. Thercibre, increasing interest is observed to make these atmospheric pressure processes more effeclive. Newly developed methods like plasma-printing were used for surfaces in biological and medical applications or for printed circuits. T2 - ADHESION `11 - 11th Triennial conference on the science and technology of adhesion and adhesives CY - York, UK DA - 07.09.2011 PY - 2011 SP - 253 EP - 256 AN - OPUS4-24337 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Fahmy, A. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Structure property relationship of plasma polymer films - Plasma polymerization, plasma treatment and characterization methods PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-8443-2096-1 SP - 1 EP - 160 PB - Lambert academic publishing AN - OPUS4-25390 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Ziemann, Sylvia A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar T1 - Plasmabromierung von graphitischen Materialien - Kovalente Anbindung organischer Moleküle N2 - Die hochselektive und ausbeutereiche plasmachemische Bromierung von Polyolefinoberflächen wurde auf graphitische Materialien übertragen. Oberflächen von graphenartigem Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG), natürlichem Graphit, mehrwandige Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (MWCNT) sowie Kohlenstoff-Fasern wurden im Bromdampfplasma behandelt. Während die Bromierung von Polyolefinoberflächen als radikalische Wasserstoffabstraktion mit nachfolgender Addition (Rekombination) oder durch nucleophile Substitution an sp³-hybridisierten C-Atomen abläuft, können graphitische Strukturen sowohl an sp³-hybridisierten Strukturdefekten als auch durch elektrophile Addition an vollständig C-substituierte aromatische Doppelbindungen bromiert werden. Dabei werden die planaren (graphitischen) sp²-C-Atome in die tetraedrische sp³-Hybridisierung umgewandelt und zu elektrisch nichtleitenden Strukturen gefaltet. Die maximalen Bromausbeuten bei Verwendung von Brom als Plasmamedium lagen je nach Substrat zwischen 10–50% Br/C, mit Bromoform deutlich darüber, was durch Kombinationen von Bromoform mit Brom oder Allylbromid mit Bromoform durch Schichtbildung auf über 70% Br/C gesteigert werden konnte. An die C-Br-Gruppen wurden nasschemisch verschiedene Amine nucleophil gepfropft. Die Pfropfausbeuten von 1–10 Moleküle je 100 C lagen deutlich niedriger als die erreichten Pfropfgrade von etwa 1–22 Moleküle je 100 C-Atome an Polyolefinoberflächen. Da nach der chemischen Pfropfung nahezu alle nichtgepfropften Br-Gruppen verschwunden waren, muss auf eine bevorzugte Rekonstruktion der planaren sp²-Graphitschicht geschlossen werden. KW - Polymerbromierung PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/vipr.201200481 SN - 0947-076X SN - 1522-2454 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 24 EP - 29 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-25518 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramanujam, Maalolan A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Purohit, Purv A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - A detailed dielectric relaxation spectroscopy study of artificial UV weathered low density polyethylene N2 - Artificial weathering of LDPE under dry conditions (<10% of relative humidity) by UV radiation was monitored by dielectric spectroscopy. For an apolar polymer like LDPE, dielectric study yields information about the change in structure and dynamics of the system. The fluctuations of the polar groups which are generated as a result of photooxidation such as carbonyl groups can be monitored as characteristic relaxation processes like the αc or β mode. The dielectric loss characterized by typical dielectric parameters like the activation energy and dielectric strength are strongly dependent upon changes induced by photooxidation in the amorphous and crystalline domains. This paper discusses in detail how the foil reached its mechanical disintegration. It was found that initial stages of weathering induce chain scission and/or crosslinking in the amorphous domains of the polymer and the motional processes in the crystalline regions are not affected. After this induction period, an increase in the degree of crystallization was observed by employing differential calorimetry. The increasing crystallinity is considered as one of the reasons for embrittlement which finally leads to the complete loss of the structural integrity. KW - Artificial weathering KW - UV radiation KW - Dielectric relaxation KW - LDPE PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2011.12.003 SN - 0040-6031 SN - 1872-762X VL - 530 SP - 73 EP - 78 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-25547 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - The plasma chemistry of polymer surfaces - Advanced techniques for surface design KW - Plasma chemistry KW - Polymer surfaces PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-527-31853-7 SP - 1 EP - 466 PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-25920 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Natte, Kishore A1 - Behnke, Thomas A1 - Orts Gil, Guillermo A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Synthesis and characterisation of highly fluorescent core-shell nanoparticles based on Alexa dyes N2 - Current and future developments in the emerging field of nanobiotechnology are closely linked to the rational design of novel fluorescent nanomaterials, e.g. for biosensing and imaging applications. Here, the synthesis of bright near infrared (NIR)-emissive nanoparticles based on the grafting of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of Alexa dyes and their subsequent shielding by an additional silica shell are presented. These nanoparticles were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence spectroscopy. TEM studies revealed the monodispersity of the initially prepared and fluorophorelabelled silica particles and the subsequent formation of raspberry-like structures after addition of a silica precursor.Measurements of absolute fluorescence quantum yields of these scattering particle suspensions with an integrating sphere setup demonstrated the influence of dye labelling density-dependent fluorophore aggregation on the signaling behaviour of such nanoparticles. KW - Silica KW - Alexa dyes KW - Fluorescent particles KW - Quantum yields KW - Nanoparticles KW - Protective shell KW - Nanobiotechnology PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0680-9 SN - 1388-0764 SN - 1572-896X VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 680-1 - 680-10 PB - Kluwer CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-25872 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fahmy, A. A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Surface and bulk structure of thin spin coated and plasma-polymerized polystyrene films N2 - Polystyrene (PS) spin coated thin films were modified by O2 and Ar plasma as well as by UV irradiation treatments. The modified PS samples were compared with plasma polymerized and commercial polystyrene. The effects of plasma (O2 and Ar) and UV irradiation treatments on the surface and the bulk properties of the polymer layers were discussed. The surface properties were evaluated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Contact angle measurements and the bulk properties were investigated by FTIR and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. As a result only one second treatment time was sufficient to modify the surface. However, this study was also dedicated to understand the effect of plasma and plasma irradiation on the deposited layers of plasma polymers. The dielectric measurements showed that the plasma deposited films were not thermally stable and underwent an undesired post-plasma chemical oxidation. KW - Surface and bulk characterization KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Polystyrene KW - Surface modification KW - Thermal stability KW - Plasma polymers PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-012-9372-1 SN - 0272-4324 VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 767 EP - 780 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-26264 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Oran, Umut T1 - Plasmachemische Polymer-Oberflächenmodifizierung für haftfeste Metall-Polymer-Verbunde T2 - 13. Workshop Oberflächentechnologie mit Plasma- und Ionenstrahlprozessen CY - Klingenthal, Germany DA - 2006-03-14 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-15349 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Mach, Reinhard A1 - Maneck, Heinz-Eberhard A1 - Oleszak, Franz A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Plasma-chemical functionalization of expanded graphite T2 - International Conference on Carbon (Carbon 2008) CY - Nagano, Japan DA - 2008-06-13 KW - Gas Discharge Plasma KW - Expanded Graphite KW - Functionalization KW - Surface Chemistry PY - 2008 SP - 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-18339 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Joshi, Ranjit A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Unterwasserplasma zur Funktionalisierung oder Beschichtung von Polymeroberflächen T2 - 16. Neues Dresdner Vakuumtechnisches Kolloquium - Beschichtung, Modifizierung und Charakterisierung von Polymeroberflächen CY - Dresden, Deutschland DA - 2008-10-16 KW - Polymer-Oberflächenfunktionalisierung PY - 2008 SN - 978-3-9812550-0-3 SP - 44 EP - 52 AN - OPUS4-18315 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Formation of Plasma Polymer Layers with Functional Groups of Different Type and Density at Polymer Surfaces and their Interaction with Al Atoms N2 - Monotype functionalizations with different types of functional groups (OH, NH2, COOH) on polypropylene and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) surfaces were synthesized using pulsed plasma-initiated homo- or copolymerization of functional group-carrying monomers. The maximum concentrations of functional groups were 31 OH, 18 NH2 or 24 COOH groups per 100 C atoms using allyl alcohol, allylamine or acrylic acid respectively as the monomer. The measured peel strengths of aluminium deposits increased linearly with the concentration of functional groups. Near the maximum concentration of OH (>27 OH/100 C atoms) or at moderate concentrations of COOH groups (>10 COOH/100 C atoms), constant (maximum) peel strengths were measured due to the mechanical collapse of one component in the composite (cohesive failure). Interface failures in Al-PP composites were found with COOH, NH2 and OH groups and cohesive failures were seen when higher concentrations of COOH groups were applied (>10 COOH/100 C atoms). PY - 2004 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200400008 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 28 EP - 50 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-4707 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface analysis of plasma-deposited polymer films, 1: Time of Flight Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SSIMS) of plasma polystyrene before and after exposure to ambient air N2 - Pulsed plasma-deposited polystyrene films were studied by time-of-flight static secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SSIMS) before and after exposure to ambient air. The influence of the external plasma parameters on the secondary ion mass spectra of plasma-deposited polystyrene films was investigated. From these data, information on the chemical character of the plasma polystyrene films was derived. In the range of deposition conditions applied in this study, the fragmentation of styrene is a minor process. The main process is probably the radical chain propagation to polymers. All the polystyrene plasma polymers, relying on ToF-SIMS, seem to be rather similar to a reference polystyrene oligomer sample. When the plasma polymers are exposed to air, extensive oxygen incorporation occurs. Oxygen uptake was found to alter the emission probabilities of secondary ions. A relation between the regularity of the plasma polymers and the amount of oxygen incorporation was found. The result was that the chemical regularity of the plasma polystyrene decreases when the effective power in the plasma is increased. PY - 2004 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200400002 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 1 SP - 123 EP - 133 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-4697 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Adhesion of metals to plasma-induced functional groups at polymer surfaces N2 - The peel strength of aluminium to polypropylene and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) was determined in dependence on the type and the concentration of functional groups on the polymer surface. For this purpose the polymer surface was equipped with monotype functional groups. The first method to produce monotype functionalized surfaces was an introduction of O functional groups using an oxygen plasma treatment and converting these groups to OH groups applying a wet chemical reduction. In result of this two-step treatment the hydroxyl group concentration at the polymer surface could be increased from 3–4 to 10–14 OH groups/100 C atoms. The second method consists in the deposition of a 150 nm adhesion-promoting layer of plasmapolymers or copolymers onto the polymer surface using the pulsed plasma technique. For that purpose functional groups carrying monomers as allyl alcohol, allylamine and acrylic acid were used. Applying the plasma-initiated copolymerization and using neutral “monomers” like ethylene or butadiene the concentration of the functional groups was varied. A correlation of peel strength with the ability of forming chemical interactions between Al atoms and functional groups was found: COOH > OH >> NH2 > H(CH2–CH2). KW - Peel strength KW - Aluminium KW - Polypropylene KW - Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) KW - Pulsed plasma KW - Allyl alcohol KW - Allylamine KW - Acrylic acid KW - Plasma surface treatment KW - Adhesion PY - 2005 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 200 IS - 1-4 SP - 565 EP - 568 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-10897 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard ED - Possart, W. T1 - Contribution of chemical interactions to the adhesion between evaporated metals and functional groups of different types at polymer surfaces PY - 2005 SN - 3-527-31263-3 SP - 265 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-10898 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Kunststoffkorrosion durch Polymerabbau - Früherkennung und zeitraffende Prognose T2 - 1. Thüringer Grenz- und Oberflächentage CY - Jena, Deutschland DA - 2005-09-15 PY - 2005 SP - 33 EP - 50 PB - Innovent CY - Jena AN - OPUS4-10899 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Improvement of adhesive bond strength of metal-polymer composites by plasma and wet-chemical modification of polymer surfaces T2 - Plasma Surface Engineering (PSE) CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 2006-09-10 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12679 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface Chemical Analysis of Plasma-Deposited Copolymer Films Prepared from Feed Gas Mixtures of Ethylene or Styrene with Allyl Alcohol N2 - Plasma deposited styrene/allyl alcohol and ethylene/allyl alcohol copolymer films were prepared and characterized using XPS, NEXAFS and ToF-SIMS. The relative partial flow rates of the co-monomers are used as deposition process parameters to vary and all other process parameters were constrained to conditions optimized for retention of functional groups. By doing this it is possible to control certain chemical properties of the copolymer films such as unsaturation, oxygen and hydroxyl group relative surface contents. The aging behavior of the plasma copolymer films on air was studied, too. Non-linear variations of relative oxygen contents, contents of C—OR species and contents of carbonyl species are obtained vs. variation of feed gas composition for both monomer combinations. The chemical character of the plasma copolymer films varies between the limits given by the respective plasma homopolymers. The observed non-linear correlations are discussed in terms of approaches developed for classic radical copolymerization. The aging behavior of the different plasma copolymers films depends on the feed gas composition. Principally these aging phenomena known from plasma polymer aging studies of that respective monomer which dominates the character of the plasma copolymer are observed. KW - Plasma polymers KW - Plasma copolymers KW - XPS KW - NEXAFS KW - Allyl alcohol KW - ESCA/XPS KW - Plasma polymerization KW - ToF-SIMS PY - 2007 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 4 IS - 4 SP - 376 EP - 389 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-14846 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Decker, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Mittal, K. T1 - Covalent coupling of fluorophores to polymer surface-bonded functional groups KW - Plasma modification KW - Fluorescence KW - Surface functionalization KW - Reactions at polymer surfaces KW - Spectroscopy KW - Quantification PY - 2007 SN - 978-90-6764-453-2 VL - 4 SP - 171 EP - 191 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-14867 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Buschmann, H.-J. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Anbindung von Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen an plasmachemisch funktionalisierte und Cucurbituril-modifizierte Oberflächen N2 - Plasmapolymerisierte Allylaminschichten (50 nm) wurden auf Polypropylenfolien abgeschieden. Die auf diese Weise generierte NH2-funktionalisierte Polymeroberfläche wurde mit Xanthen-Fluorophoren chemisch umgesetzt. Da die Farbstoff-gekoppelten Folien nur geringe Fluoreszenz aufwiesen, wurden zwei Wege zur möglichen Entkopplung der Farbstoffe von der Oberfläche und damit zur Erhöhung der Fluoreszenzintensität getestet. Als erstes wurde ein Spacer durch die Umsetzung der primären Aminogruppen mit Glutaraldehyd und der nachfolgenden Kettenverlängerung mit Diaminohexan eingeführt. Diese nachfolgende Reaktion ergab eine spacergebundene NH2-Oberfläche, die analog der Allylaminschicht mit den Farbstoffen umgesetzt wurde. Als weiterer Weg wurde der Zusatz einer geeigneten Käfigverbindung, des Cucurbit[6]urils, getestet. Die spacergebundenen und zusätzlich mit Cucurbituril modifizierten aminofunktionellen Oberflächen zeigten nach der Farbstoffankopplung eine verbesserte Fluoreszenzintensität. KW - Fluoreszenz KW - Spacer KW - Cucurbituril PY - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/vipr.200700329 SN - 0947-076X SN - 1522-2454 VL - 19 IS - 5 SP - 31 EP - 37 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-16000 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha T1 - A new concept for adhesion promotion in metal-polymer systems by introduction of covalently bonded spacers at the interface N2 - A new concept for molecular interface design in metal-polymer systems is presented. The main features of this concept are the replacement of weak physical interactions by strong covalent bonds, the flexibilization of the interface for compensating different thermal expansions of materials by using long-chain flexible and covalently bonded spacers between the metal and the polymer as well as its design as a moisture-repellent structure for hindering diffusion of water molecules into the interface and hydrolysis of chemical bonds. For this purpose, the main task was to develop plasmachemical and chemical techniques for equipping polymer surfaces with monotype functional groups of adjustable concentration. The establishing of monotype functional groups allows grafting the functional groups by spacer molecules by applying usual wet-chemical reactions. Four processes were favoured for production of monotype functional groups by highly selective reactions: the plasma bromination, the plasma deposition of plasma polymers, the post-plasma chemical reduction of O-functionalities to OH-groups, and the chemical replacement of bromine groups by NH2-groups. The grafting of flexible organic molecules as spacers between the metal layer and polymer improved the peel strength of the metal. To obtain maximal peel strength of aluminium coatings to polypropylene films and occurrence of cohesive failure in the polypropylene substrate, about 27 OH groups per 100 C-atoms or 6 COOH groups per 100 C-atoms were needed. Introducing C6-11-aliphatic spacers 1 OH or COOH group per 100 C-atoms contributed about 60% of the maximal peel strength of the Al-PP system, i.e. 2 or 3 spacer molecules per 100 C-atoms were sufficient for maximal peel strength. KW - Polymer surface functionalization KW - Spacer grafting KW - Metal-polymer adhesion PY - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/156856108X309611 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 22 IS - 10-11 SP - 1123 EP - 1143 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-17741 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Joshi, Ranjit A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha T1 - New Plasma Techniques for Polymer Surface Modification with Monotype Functional Groups N2 - The production of chemically-defined plasma polymers and the introduction of monotype functional groups onto polymer surfaces are described. One method is to lower the energetic level of low-pressure plasmas. Pressure- and plasma-pulsed plasmas were successfully tested for the production of chemically-defined plasma polymers by increasing the monomer supply during the plasma-off period. Well-defined ultra-thin polymer films with regular structure were deposited from atmospheric plasmas by electrospray techniques. Post-plasma wet-chemical processing was also applied, as were gas/liquid-based aerosols and underwater plasmas. KW - Plasma KW - Polymer-Oberflächenfunktionalisierung KW - Macromolecular plasma KW - Monotype functional groups KW - Plasma bromination KW - Plasma treatment KW - Pressure-pulsed plasma KW - Underwater plasma PY - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200700145 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 5 IS - 5 SP - 407 EP - 423 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-17742 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Ein neues Polymerisationsverfahren T2 - Berliner Polymertage 2000 (Humboldt Universität zu Berlin) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2000-10-11 PY - 2000 AN - OPUS4-6119 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Monitoring of Amino Functionalities on Plasma-Chemically Modified Polypropylene Supports with a Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Pyrylium Reporter N2 - A straightforward strategy toward the sensitive fluorometric detection of primary amino groups on plasma-chemically modified polypropylene supports is presented, exploiting the transformation of the sterically nonhindered pyrylium dye Py-1 into its pyridinium counterpart. The reaction-induced blue-shifted absorption and emission bands and an increased fluorescence quantum yield provide the basis for the spectroscopic distinction between covalently bound and free, that is, nonspecifically adsorbed label molecules. With this label, for the first time, plasma-chemically introduced amino functionalities could be monitored on the surface of a polymer film employing fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Surface characterization KW - Covalent labeling KW - Plasma modification KW - Fluorescent label PY - 2007 UR - http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/langd5/2007/23/i16/abs/la7004908.html SN - 0743-7463 SN - 1520-5827 VL - 23 IS - 16 SP - 8411 EP - 8416 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-15717 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Mittal, K. T1 - Aspects of amino functionalization of polypropylene surfaces for adhesion promotion of thermally-evaporated copper films KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Surface functionalization KW - Gas discharge KW - Grafting KW - Amino groups KW - Copper KW - Metallization KW - Adhesion PY - 2007 SN - 978-90-6764-455-6 SN - 90-6764-455-2 VL - 3 SP - 177 EP - 198 PB - VSP CY - Leiden AN - OPUS4-15733 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Mittmann, Hans-Ulrich A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Plasmabromination - the Selective Way to Monotype Functionalized Polymer Surfaces N2 - In contrast to other plasma modification processes of polymer surfaces, the bromination is very selective and shows a high yield in C—Br groups. The most convenient bromination process was found using bromoform, which was thus preferred to elemental bromine, allyl bromide, vinyl bromide or tert-butylbromide. The bromoform process give yields in C—Br up to 40 C—Br or more, with only 2-3% co-introduction of O-functionalities whereas allyl bromide results in yields of about 20 C—Br and more, but in more than 10% oxygen-containing by-products. C—Br groups serve as anchoring points for grafting of molecules, oligomers and pre-polymers of diole or diamine character. KW - Functional groups KW - Grafting KW - Plasma bromination KW - Polymer surfaces KW - Selective plasma process KW - Spacer PY - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200700019 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 4 IS - 9 SP - 832 EP - 839 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-16209 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Fluorescence Measurements on Functionalized Polymer Surfaces - Problems and Troubleshooting KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Polymer functionalization KW - Surface labeling KW - Pyrylium label PY - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1430.015 SN - 0077-8923 SN - 1749-6632 SN - 0094-8500 VL - 1130 SP - 28 EP - 34 PB - New York Academy of Sciences CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-17567 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeylanov, E. B. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Antioxidant Properties of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: First Measurements Using a Model Oxidative Reaction N2 - The potential use of date palm mesh fibres (DPMF) as natural reinforcement for polymeric matrices is investigated. DPMF were chemically cleaned using sodium hydroxide, carbon tetrachloride, a detergent, and an alcoholic mixture of toluene, methanol and ac... PY - 2006 SN - 0967-3911 SN - 1478-2391 VL - 14 IS - 8 SP - 779 EP - 785 PB - RAPRA Technology Ltd. CY - Shrewsbury AN - OPUS4-14237 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Anti-Radical Activity of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes in Reactions of Radical Polymerization and Polymer Thermal/Thermo-Oxidative Degradation PY - 2007 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 49 IS - 5 SP - 265 EP - 270 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-14806 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Gerstung, Vanessa A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Characterization of plasma-polymerized allyl alcohol polymers and copolymers with styrene KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Surface functionalization KW - Molar mass PY - 2007 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 21 IS - 5-6 SP - 487 EP - 508 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-14765 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Antioxidative Activity of Carbon Nanotube and Nanofiber N2 - Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have electron affinities similar to those of fullerenes C60 and C70 and they are therefore capable of acting as radical scavengers in free radical chain reactions, including polymerisation and the thermo-oxidative degradation of polymers. It is assumed that the CNTs and CNFs used as integral part of polymer composites are able to exhibit an antioxidant effect in these materials because of their radical accepting capacity. To examine this presumption the antioxidative activity of original and purified commercial multiwall carbon nanotube MWCNT and carbon nanofibre of platelet structure CNF-PL has been studied by means of a model oxidation reaction of cumene initiated (2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN) in liquid phase. This model reaction was designed to simulate the thermo-oxidative processes in carbon-chain polymers and allows comparison and transfer of obtained results to a polymer system. Kinetic measurements of oxidation rates showed that the effect of inhibition for the model oxidative reaction in the presence of the original and purified MWCNT and CNF-PL strongly depends on the presence of metals (Co, Fe) in the nanoparticles. Rates of oxidation Wo2 (CNT;CNF) observed for the unrefined samples are result of the two competing rates - rate of inhibition Winh.(CNT; CNF) caused by structures of the CNT or CNF and the rates of initiation Wi(M) due to the following interaction: ROOH + M (Co;Fe) i.e, Wo2 ~ W inh (CNT;CNF) + Wi(M). The effective rate constants for the addition of cumyl radicals (R.) to MWCNT and CNF-PL have been determined. These constants reduced to the same concentration (0.5wt.%) and temperature (60°C) units have magnitudes: k1(MWCNT) [MWCNT] = (2.8 ± 0.3) x104 s-1and k1(CNF) [CNF] = (6.0 ± 1.0) x103 s-1. Thus, the effective rate constant, reflecting the antioxidative activity for the CNT, is five times higher than that for the CNF, is about equal to the rate constant for HAS Chimassorb 2020: k1(Chim.2020)[Chim. 2020] = (2.2 ± 0.3) x104 s-1, is ten times less than that for the HAS Chimassorb 119FL: k1(Chim.119FL)[Chim. 119FL] = (2.8 ± 0.3) x105 s-1 and is about forty times less than that for the case of fullerene C60: k1(C60)[C60](353K) = (1.2 ± 0.2) x106 s-1. The kinetic data obtained specify the level of original antioxidative activity of MWCNTs and CNFs and scope of their rational use in polymer composites. It is believed that the results will be helpful for designing optimal profile of polymer composites filled by the CNT/CNFs. KW - Model oxidation KW - Carbon nanotubes KW - Carbon nanofibres KW - Kinetics KW - Oxidation rate KW - Inhibiting activity KW - Rate constant PY - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2174/1874088X00802010028 SN - 1874-088X VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 28 EP - 34 PB - Bentham Open AN - OPUS4-17839 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Schulz, Eckhard A1 - Stark, Wolfgang A1 - Bovtun, V. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Olefjord, I. ED - Nyborg, L. ED - Briggs, D. T1 - Techniques for surface composition analysis with scanning force microscopy (SFM) using electrical surface properties T2 - 7th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis CY - Göteborg, Sweden DA - 1997-06-16 PY - 1997 SN - 0-471-97827-2 SP - 579 EP - 582 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-6854 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wöll, Ch. T1 - K-Edge Soft X-ray Absorption (NEXAFS) Spectroscopy In Surface Chemical Analysis of Polymers T2 - International Discussion Meeting Advanced Methods of Polymer Characterization: New Developments and Applications in Industry CY - Mainz, Germany DA - 1999-03-15 PY - 1999 SP - P3.53 CY - Mainz AN - OPUS4-6925 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Brademann-Jock, Kerstin A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Characterisation of plasma polymers by thermoluminescence N2 - Thin plasma polymer films were deposited using the pulsed plasma mode. These plasma polymers should possess a more regular structure than those produced by the conventional continuous-wave (cw) mode, because of lower monomer fragmentation caused by the plasma pulses and the chemical chain propagation during the plasmaless (free!) periods. The thermoluminescence method was applied to functional groups carrying plasma polymer layers which are used in medical technology. Examples are formation of biocompatible, biosensoric and bioactive coatings or in metal polymer composites such as adhesion-promoting interlayers. In addition to the use of the conventional X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for thin film characterization, the new method of thermoluminescence was applied to characterize undesired defects and structural specifics produced in the polymer films by pp or cw plasma mode. The main areas of focus were oxygen-containing groups produced by post-plasma oxygen introduction via auto-oxidation, oxidation of implemented unsaturations and trapped radical sites known as typical irregular structures in plasma polymers. KW - Plasma polymers KW - Thermoluminescence KW - Structure KW - Defects KW - Pulsed plasma KW - Continuous-wave plasma PY - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.12.003 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 201 IS - 3-4 SP - 543 EP - 552 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-12818 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Just, Ulrich A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Vogel, Lydia A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Geng, Sh. T1 - Characterization of polymer surfaces and interfaces by new methods T2 - Swissbonding 1996 CY - Rapperswil-Jona, Switzerland DA - 1996-05-07 PY - 1996 AN - OPUS4-6410 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mach, Reinhard T1 - Contribution of Plasma-introduced Functional Groups at Polymer Surfaces to the Adhesion of Metals T2 - 12. Bundesdeutsche Fachtagung Plasmatechnologie CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 2005-03-21 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-7325 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Tailoring of Polymer Surfaces with Different Monotype Functional Groups of Variable Density Using Chemical and Plasma Chemical Processes T2 - 10th Dresden Polymer Discussion: Characterization of Polymer Surfaces and Thin Films CY - Meißen, Germany DA - 2005-04-10 KW - Plasma modification KW - Introduction of functional groups KW - Reactions at polymer surfaces PY - 2005 SP - 34 EP - 49 PB - Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden CY - Meißen AN - OPUS4-7332 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Tailoring of Polymer Surfaces with Different Monotype Functional Groups of Variable Density Using Chemical and Plasma Chemical Processes T2 - 10. Dresdner Polymertage CY - Meissen, Germany DA - 2005-04-11 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-7298 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Chemical Synthesis at plasma modified polymer surfaces T2 - ISPC 17 CY - Toronto, Canada DA - 2005-08-07 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-7344 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Brademann-Jock, Kerstin T1 - Introduction of irregularieties into plasma polymers by radiative and autooxidative processes T2 - ISPC 17 CY - Toronto, Canada DA - 2005-08-07 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-7345 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Heinemann, M. A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Hartmann, A. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Fritz, H.-G. ED - Fritz, H. ED - Eisenbach, C. T1 - Charakterisierung biologisch abbaubarer Homo- und Copolyester / Characterisation of biodegradable Homo- and Copolyesters T2 - 19. Stuttgarter Kunststoff-Kolloquium 2005 CY - Stuttgart, Deutschland DA - 2005-03-09 KW - MALDI-TOF-MS KW - Bioabbaubare Polyester KW - Flüssigchromatographie KW - Methodenkopplung KW - Biodegradable polyesters KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Coupling of analytical methods PY - 2005 SN - 3-00-015246-6 SP - 5/P1-1 - 5/P1-9 PB - IKT CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-11767 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grytsenko, K.P. A1 - Lytvyn, P. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Schrader, S. T1 - Influence of plasma discharge on the structure of polytetrafluoroethylene film and step coverage on polymer substrate N2 - Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films have been deposited onto polycarbonate (PC) substrates from the products of PTFE evaporation, activated by a cloud of accelerated electrons. A 40.68 MHz glow discharge was used during the deposition process. The polymer films have been characterised by XPS, FTIR and AFM. The use of the low power plasma during film growth led to the formation of PTFE films with modified structure. Films are amorphous and contain more cross-links, but in general, the structure of their macromolecules is still linear. An increase of RF-power leads to the formation of films with large amount of double bonds and enhanced internal stresses. Deposition of PTFE on PC without plasma treatment led to the formation of PTFE clusters up to 50 nm in diameter. The RMS roughness of the films, deposited without plasma, was about 4 nm, while the films deposited with plasma treatment had a roughness of 1.5 nm. The use of plasma has an additional effect if a PTFE coating is deposited on the PC substrate with submicrometer-sized steps. Without plasma the steps retain a rectangular shape. Deposited with the RF-discharge the PTFE layers resemble plasma-polymerised films. Under certain conditions the deposited films can fill trenches in the substrate like a wetting liquid, while under other conditions they avoid trenches and grow in between them. KW - Polytetrafluoroethylene KW - PTFE KW - Vacuum deposition KW - Plasma KW - Discharge KW - Film PY - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2006.09.029 SN - 0928-4931 SN - 1873-0191 VL - 27 IS - 5-8 SP - 1227 EP - 1231 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-14014 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joshi, Ranjit A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Krishna-Subramanian, S. T1 - Surface modification of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene membranes using underwater plasma polymerization N2 - Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene membranes were modified and subsequently polymer coated using the underwater plasma produced by glow discharge electrolysis. This plasma pretreatment generated various O-functional groups among them OH groups have dominated. This modified inner (pore) surface of membranes showed complete wetting and strong adhesion to a hydrogel copolymerized by glow discharge electrolysis also. The deposited hydrogel consists of plasma polymerized acrylic acid crosslinked by copolymerization with the bifunctional N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide). Tuning the hydrogel hydrophilicity and bio-compatibility poly(ethylene glycol) was chemically inserted into the copolymer. Such saturated polymer could only be inserted on a non-classic way by (partial) fragmentation and recombination thus demonstrating the exotic properties of the underwater plasma. The modification of membrane was achieved by squeezing the reactive plasma solution into the pores by plasma-induced shock waves and supported by intense stirring. The deposited copolymer hydrogel has filled all pores also in the inner of membrane as shown by scanning electron microscopy of cross-sections. The copolymer shows the characteristic units of acrylic acid and ethylene glycol as demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy. A minimum loss in carboxylic groups of acrylic acid during the plasma polymerization process was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Additional cell adhesion tests on copolymer coated polyethylene using IEC-6 cells demonstrated the bio-compatibility of the plasma-deposited hydrogel. KW - Glow discharge electrolysis (GDE) KW - UHMWPE membrane KW - Pore modification KW - Adhesion KW - Copolymer hydrogel PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-013-9476-2 SN - 0272-4324 VL - 33 IS - 5 SP - 921 EP - 940 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-29335 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fahmy, A. A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Structure of plasma-deposited copolymer films prepared from acrylic acid and styrene: Part II variation of the comonomer ratio N2 - Copolymers of acrylic acid and styrene (AA/S) were prepared by pulsed plasma deposition technique. Their structure–property relationships were studied in dependence on the comonomer ratio. Both, the regularity of the structure and the composition of the thin copolymer films were investigated by bulk-sensitive (dielectric spectroscopy, FTIR, and differential scanning calorimetry) as well as surface-sensitive methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For an unambiguous identification of the functionality of the deposited films the COOH groups were estimated by derivatization with trifluoroethanol and subsequent XPS measurement as well as by the quantitative analysis of the FTIR data. As a result, the concentration of COOH groups on the surface and in the bulk is increasing with the fraction of AA in precursor mixture in a non-monotonous way but similar to the dependence obtained by conventional free radical polymerization. KW - Acrylic acid-styrene copolymer KW - Bulk properties KW - Dielectric properties KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Surface functionalization PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201200110 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 10 IS - 9 SP - 750 EP - 760 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-29096 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fahmy, A. A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Reaction of water with (radicals in) plasma polymerized allyl alcohol (and formation of OH-rich polymer layers) N2 - The pulsed plasma polymerization of allyl alcohol was employed under the aspect of maximal retention of OH groups and the formation of a regular polymer structure. It should be noted that earlier investigations on plasma polymers deposited from allyl alcohol did not show extensive postplasma addition of oxygen and water vapor from ambient air during storage, measuring the elemental O/C ratio by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The identification of OH groups in the plasma polymerized polymer using FTIR spectroscopy was such an indicator for fragmentation. The peak area of OH groups in the film which was stored was increased by about 20% compared to that measured ('in situ'). These phenomenons reflected that moisture and O2 in air played an important role in scavenging the free radicals. The addition of water and more specifically chemical bonding of OH of water in the deposited plasma polymer may serve as an indicator for monomer fragmentation, poly recombination, and the remaining radicals responsible for film formation. Moreover, the dielectric measurements show that the plasma deposited films are not thermally stable but undergo a postplasma chemical reaction during heating, where the reaction kinetics depends on pressure. PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/jp406186x SN - 1520-6106 SN - 1520-5207 SN - 1089-5647 VL - 117 IS - 36 SP - 10603 EP - 10611 PB - Soc. CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-29105 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar A1 - Aliyeva, A. Z. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Factors affecting the intrinsic anti-oxidative activity of carbon-nanofibers - Metallic impurities N2 - Nanotubes und Nanofasern (CNT, CNF) besitzen inhärente antioxidative Eigenschaften. Diese Fähigkeit könnte sehr nützlich für die Langzeitstabilität entsprechender Polymercomposite sein. Sie haben Elektronenaffinitäten ähnlich der von Fullerenen und sind deshalb in der Lage, Radikalfallen darzustellen und damit radikalische Kettenreaktionen zu unterbinden. Hier wurde die anti-oxidative Aktivität kommerzieller Nanofasern von Fischgrätenstruktur untersucht. Zunächst wurde der quantitative Einfluss von Ni-Verunreinigungen erfasst. Die eigentliche anti-oxidative Wirkung wurde mit einer aeroben Modelloxidation von Cumol verifiziert und deren kinetischen Parameter für kommerzielle und besonders gereinigte CNF-HBs bestimmt. CNF-HB inhibiert die Modellreaktion durch Einfangen der Peroxiradikale. Die Oxidation vollzieht sich nach einer ausgeprägten Induktionsphase in semi-logarithmischer Abhängigkeit für die speziell gereinigten Spezies. Es konnten erstmals die effektive Konzentration an inhibierenden Zentren und die Inhibierungs-Geschwindigkeitskonstante für CNF-HB bestimmt werden. Die Inhibierungs-Geschwindigkeitskonstante beträgt k7 = (6 ± 1.0) × 103lmol-1 s-1 und liegt damit in der für Anti-Oxidanzien erwarteten Größenordnung. KW - Nanotubes KW - Radical scavenger KW - Anti-oxidative behaviour PY - 2009 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 51 IS - 4 SP - 210 EP - 214 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-19253 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute ED - Geddes, C.D. T1 - Spectroscopic characterization of plasma - Chemically functionalized and fluorophore-labeled polymer surfaces N2 - The potential of spectrofluorometry and fluorescence microscopy for the characterization and quantification of different functionalities like OH and NH2 groups at plasma-chemically modified polymer surfaces is assessed using traditional reactive dyes such as dansyl derivatives and a sophisticated VIS-excitable chromogenic and fluorogenic pyrylium label showing binding-induced spectral and intensity changes in absorption and emission. Aiming at an improved fluorometric surface analysis, based upon these measurements, several sources of uncertainty inherent to fluorescence measurements are illustrated ranging from environment-dependent dye absorption and emission features over spectral correction and nonspecific adsorption to the critical influence of label choice on the measured background. Solutions to these drawbacks are given thereby underlining the potential of fluorometry for surface analysis. KW - Polymer functionalization KW - Plasma modification KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Surface labeling PY - 2010 SN - 978-1-4419-0828-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1260-2_6 N1 - Serientitel: Reviews in Fluorescence – Series title: Reviews in Fluorescence VL - 5 SP - 139 EP - 160 PB - Springer Science + Business Media AN - OPUS4-21274 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joshi, Ranjit A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wagner, M. T1 - Role of hydrogen peroxide in selective OH group functionalization of polypropylene surfaces using underwater capillary discharge N2 - Plasma chemical methods are well suited for introducing functional groups to the surfaces of chemically inert polymers such as polyolefins. However, a broad variety of functional groups are often formed. Unfortunately, for further chemical processing such as grafting of molecules for advanced applications a highly dense monotype functionalized polyolefin surface is needed. Therefore, the main task was to develop a selective surface functionalization process, which formed preferably only a single type of functional groups at the surface in high concentration. Amongst the novel plasma methods, the underwater plasma process (UWP) is one of most attractive options to solve the problem of monotype functionalization. Such plasma is an efficient source of ions, electrons, UV-radiation, high-frequency shock waves, radicals such as hydroxyl radical, and reactive neutral molecules such as hydrogen peroxide. In contrast to established gas phase glow discharge processes, the water phase limits the particle and radiation energies and thus the energy input into the polymer. By virtue of the liquid water environment, which moderates highly energetic plasma species, extensive oxidation, degradation, cross-linking and radical formation on the polymer are more limited as compared to gas plasma exposure. The variety of plasma produced species in the water phase is also much smaller because of the limited reaction possibilities of the plasma with water. The possibility to admix a broad variety of chemical additives makes underwater plasma even more attractive. Hydrogen peroxide and the catalyst (Fe-ZSM5) should influence and increase the equilibrium concentration of OH radicals in the underwater plasma process. It was found that these radicals played a very important role in OH functionalization of polyolefin surfaces. Hydrogen peroxide was identified to be the most prominent precursor for OH group formation in the UWP. The catalyst would affect the steady state of OH radical formation and its reaction with the substrate surface and thus accelerates the functionalization process. KW - Surface modification KW - Polymer functionalization KW - Underwater plasma KW - Capillary discharge KW - Hydroxyl functionalization KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Hydroperoxyl radicals KW - Heterogeneous catalysis KW - Fenton-like processes PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/016942410X520862 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 25 SP - 283 EP - 305 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-22413 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joshi, Ranjit A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Wagner, M.H. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Selective surface modification of polypropylene using underwater plasma technique or underwater capillary discharge N2 - Among new types of plasma processes, the underwater plasma is one of the most attractive methods for functionalization of polymer surfaces. The interesting features of plasma solution system are that the material surfaces to be modified remain in contact with the plasma-moderated solution. The role of plasma-moderated liquids, allows the reach of the reactive species through solution onto the geometrically hindered sites. The UV radiation produced in plasma formation helps in generating additional excited, ionized, and dissociated molecules and species in the reaction solution. An interesting feature of the technique is its flexibility to use a wide variety of additives as or in solution system. This allows us to create a selective or monotype functionalization of material surfaces. Such system was studied for the selective hydroxyl functionalization of polypropylene surface. The oxidation of polymer surfaces and the introduction of O-containing functional groups by underwater plasma was found to exceed concentrations typically achieved in oxygen low-pressure gas discharge plasmas up-to two-folds (maximal 56 O/100 C). The fraction of OH groups among all O-containing moieties amounts from 25 to 40% in comparison to that in the gas plasma of about 10% OH groups. Addition of hydrogen peroxide into this same system increases the fraction of C—O bonds up to 75% (27-OH/100 O). A study was focused to optimize the role of hydrogen peroxide on the efficiency of oxidation and selectivity with chemical derivatization with respect to the formation of mono-sort hydroxyl functionalities, calculated using a chemical derivatization technique. KW - Capillary discharge KW - Functionalization of polymer KW - Modification surfaces KW - Underwater plasma KW - Surface modification KW - Polymer functionalization PY - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200930601 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 6 IS - Suppl. 1 SP - 5218 EP - 5222 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-22772 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Quasi-Wasserstoffplasma und Nitrilgruppenentstehung T2 - Plasma Germany CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2010-05-05 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22734 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Adhäsions-Verbesserung der Haftung zwischen Metallen, Carbonanotubes und Polymeren T2 - Vortrag, Chemieverein Erkner CY - Erkner, Germany DA - 2010-03-17 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22735 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Plasma Polymerization Mechanism T2 - Vortrag im Fachausschuß Plasma und Polymere, Plasma Germany CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 2010-11-15 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22736 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha T1 - Functionalization of polyolefin surfaces and grafting of molecules with complex architecture T2 - ASPC Leoben CY - Leoben, Austria DA - 2010-09-08 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22737 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Study of Metal-Polymer Interfaces: Relevance to Adhesion T2 - ACS spring meeting CY - Boston, MA, USA DA - 2010-08-21 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22738 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Erfahrungsaustaussch: Oberflächentechnologie mit Plasma- und Ionenstrahlprozessen T2 - Vortrag CY - Klingenthal, Germany DA - 2010-03-02 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22739 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Joshi, Ranjit ED - Tachibana, K. ED - Takai, O. T1 - New plasmas for polymer surface functionalization T2 - Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-18) CY - Kyoto, Japan DA - 2007-08-26 PY - 2007 SN - 978-4-9903773-4-2 SP - 29A/a8, 1 EP - 4 PB - International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry CY - Kyoto AN - OPUS4-20666 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Joshi, Ranjit A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Tachibana, K. ED - Takai, O. T1 - Aerosol and underwater plasma for polymer surface functionalization T2 - Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-18) CY - Kyoto, Japan DA - 2007-08-26 PY - 2007 SN - 978-4-9903773-4-2 SP - 27P/80, 1 EP - 4 PB - International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry CY - Kyoto AN - OPUS4-20667 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Sturm, Heinz ED - Tachibana, K. ED - Takai, O. T1 - A new concept of adhesion promotion in metal-polymer composites by introduction of covalently bonded hydrophobic spacers at interface T2 - Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-18) CY - Kyoto, Japan DA - 2007-08-26 PY - 2007 SN - 978-4-9903773-4-2 SP - 27A EP - p5, 1 PB - International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry CY - Kyoto AN - OPUS4-20668 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Hennecke, Manfred T1 - Haloform plasma modification of polyolefin surfaces N2 - Polyolefin surfaces (polyethylene and polypropylene) were exposed to haloform (CHX3) plasmas for introduction of monosort halogen groups. Bromoform and chloroform plasmas produced selectively C-Br (100 Br/100 C) and C-Cl (200 Cl/100 C) groups in high yields. The bromoform plasma showed 1-3 and the chloroform plasma 2-7 post-plasma introduced O-functionalities per 100 C. The polyolefin C-Br groups were grafted wet-chemically or by exposure to the vapour of amines, diols and glycols. Thus, spacer molecules could be covalently bonded to maximal 15 spacer molecules per 100 C for the smallest grafted molecules and 1.2 molecules/100 C for larger molecules as octaaminophenylene-POSS. After metal evaporation the end groups of these polymer-bonded spacer molecules formed also covalent bonds to the metal. Thus, flexible, hydrophobic and barrier elements were introduced into the polymer-metal interfaces for high-impact, high-durable and water-resistant metal-polymer composites as measured by means of peel strengths. KW - Bromination KW - Chlorination KW - Selective plasma processes KW - Spacer grafting PY - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.05.050 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 203 IS - 23 SP - 3647 EP - 3655 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-23204 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Yin, Huajie A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Gutowski, W. ED - Dodiuk, H. T1 - Aerosol-based DBD - A simple way to provide polymers with functional groups for adhesion promotion N2 - Polypropylene (PP) foils were exposed to the plasma of an atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in presence of different aerosols. Pure liquids such as water, ethanol, and 1/1 mixtures ethanol/water (v/v) or aqueous Solutions of acetic acid, poly(acrylic acid), poly(vinyl alcohol), and ethylene glycolpoly(vinyl alcohol) copolymer were introduced into the DBD. Surface composition, the number of functional groups per 100 C atoms, and water contact angles were correlated with the energy density of DBD plasma exposure. The wettability of the treated surfaces was investigated for different storage times. Peel strength of the thermally deposited aluminum layer to modified polymer surfaces revealed that the aerosol introduction strongly improves the adhesion between aluminum and polypropylene. KW - Aerosol-assisted DBD KW - Functional groups KW - Surface modification PY - 2013 SN - 978-90-04-20173-6 SN - 978-90-04-20174-3 SP - Chapter 8, 155 EP - 170 PB - CRC Press AN - OPUS4-30035 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hanelt, Sven A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus T1 - UV spectrometric indirect analysis of brominated MWCNTs with UV active thiols and an alkene-reaction kinetics, quantification and differentiation of adsorbed bromine and oxygen N2 - Indirect UV-absorption spectrometry was shown to be a valuable tool for chemical characterization of functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs). It complements data from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or FTIR analysis since it helps to clarify the type and concentration of functional groups. The principles of indirect application of UV-spectrometry and its mathematical interpretation are discussed. Their facile application, together with their adequate sensitivity and high flexibility, make UV-absorption-based approaches a valuable alternative to fluorescence spectrometry. Here, the approach was applied to the chemical analysis of oxidizing substances on CNTs. For this, pristine CNTs of low but finite oxygen content as well as brominated CNTs were analyzed by reaction in suspension with UV-active thiol reagents and a styrene derivative. It was shown that carefully selected reagents allow differentiation and quantification of bromine and generally oxidizing entities like oxygen. For brominated CNTs, it was shown that physisorbed bromine may dominate the overall bromine content. KW - Carbon nanotubes KW - CNTs KW - UV-spectrometry KW - Bromination KW - Thiols KW - Mercaptans KW - Disulfides KW - Quantification KW - Kinetics PY - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-289077 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 6 IS - 8 SP - 3035 EP - 3063 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-28907 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Neubert, Dietmar A1 - Inagaki, N. T1 - Response of linear, branched or crosslinked polyethylene structures on the attack of oxygen plasma N2 - Linear, branched and crosslinked polyethylenes (PE) were exposed to the low-pressure oxygen plasma for 2–120 s. In the following the samples were washed with solvents to remove low-molecular weight oxidized material and to excavate the subjacent polymer structure for microscopic characterization. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements provided information about changes in elemental composition and chemical structure of PE after plasma exposure and washing. The calculation of the concentration of tertiary C atoms using XPS data was a measure of branches and crosslinking in the polymer before and after exposure to oxygen plasma. Linear PE was most sensitive towards oxygen plasma and showed the highest concentration in tertiary C atoms after plasma exposure. On the other hand branched PE types, which possess originally more tertiary carbon atoms, have lost two-third of them after 2 s oxygen plasma exposure. Branched PE show also topological changes at their surface as detected by atomic force microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements confirmed strong changes in crystallinity and molecular orientation of linear PE already after 120 s exposure to the oxygen plasma interpreted as amorphization. These effects should be interpreted as result of crosslinking caused by the recombination of dangling bond sites. KW - Linear and branched polyethylene KW - Oxygen plasma KW - Functionalization KW - Crosslinking PY - 2014 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11090-014-9558-9/fulltext.html U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-014-9558-9 SN - 0272-4324 VL - 34 IS - 5 SP - 1199 EP - 1218 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-30741 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mohamed, Zeinab A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Krüger, Simone T1 - Adhesion promotion of thick fire-retardant melamine polymer dip-coatings at polyolefin surfaces by using plasma polymers N2 - Melamine and melamine resins are widely used as fire retardants for polymer materials used in pharmaceutical, plastic, textile, rubber, and construction industry. Melamine-based flame retardants act by blowing off intumescent layers, char formation, and emission of quenching ammonia gas and diluent molecular nitrogen. Special advantages are: low cost, low smoke density and toxicity, low corrosive activity, safe handling, and environmental friendliness. Methylated poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) (mPMF) was used as thick (≥40 µm) fire-retardant coating for plasma pretreated polymers. A combined low-pressure plasma pretreatment consisting of oxygen plasma exposure followed by deposition of thin poly(allylamine) (ppAAm) and poly(allyl alcohol) (ppAAl) plasma polymers as adhesion promoters have improved the adhesion of thick mPMF coatings strongly. Chemical structure and composition of deposited polymer films were characterized by infrared-attenuated total reflectance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). After peeling, the peeled layer surfaces were also investigated for identification of the locus of failure and their topography using optical microscopy and XPS. Often the adhesion promotion was so efficient that the peeling of coating was not possible. Thermal properties of plasma polymers and dip-coating films were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. Significant improvement of fire-retardant properties of coated polymers was confirmed by flame tests. KW - Adhesion KW - Thick melamine layers KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Dip-coating KW - Methylated poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) KW - Polystyrene KW - Polyethylene KW - Flame retardancy KW - Fire retardant KW - Melamine resin KW - Polymer KW - Plasma PY - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2014.943339 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 28 IS - 21 SP - 2113 EP - 2132 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-31485 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dimitriev, O.P. A1 - Grytsenko, K.P. A1 - Lytvyn, P.M. A1 - Doroshenko, T.P. A1 - Briks, J.L. A1 - Tolmachev, A.I. A1 - Slominskii, Y.L. A1 - Kudinova, M.A. A1 - Schrader, S. A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Substrate-induced self-assembly of donor-acceptor type compounds with terminal thiocarbonyl groups N2 - Two types of conjugated thiocarbonyl-terminated compounds have been synthesized and their ability to be adsorbed on surfaces of the different nature, namely, glass, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and gold has been studied. Different morphology of the films prepared by thermal vacuum evaporation and drop-casting from solutions has been observed depending on the surface used. It has been found that gold surface has a unique property to influence self-assembly of both monolayer and larger aggregates or crystals of the compounds, in contrast to glass and PTFE substrates. It was found that thiocarbonyl group is able to be chemisorbed to the gold surface. However, it was concluded that in spite of the fact that the thiocarbonyl groups are important for the chemical interaction with the gold surface, physical adsorption on the substrate surface, compound–compound and compound–solvent (when using solution) interactions are of great significance to drive self-assembly of the final film. KW - Thiocarbonyl group KW - Donor–acceptor compound KW - Gold surface KW - Aggregation KW - Film morphology PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.05.084 SN - 0040-6090 VL - 539 SP - 127 EP - 133 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-30571 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramanujam, Maalolan A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Wagner, M. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Effect of Br gassing after Ar plasma treatment of polyolefins N2 - For simulation and acceleration of artificial polymer ageing, polyolefin foils were exposed to low-pressure Ar plasma. Plasma particle bombardment and irradiation induce C–C and C–H bond scissions by σ→σ* excitations on the surface and in near-surface layers. Consequently, radicals are generated. They react by recombination, cross-linking, metastable trapping of the radical site or formation of olefinic double bonds. The long-living and metastable trapped C-radicals as well as double bonds in polyolefins were immediately exposed to bromine vapour without breaking the vacuum after switching-off the plasma. These reactive sites rapidly react with the molecular bromine under formation of C–Br bonds. For 5 min of argon plasma exposure, the elemental concentration of bromine was 13% for polyethylene and 22% Br/C for polypropylene as analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Nevertheless, not all C radical sites have reacted with bromine. Later on, when the polyolefins brought in contact with ambient air, an additional post-plasma reaction of the remaining trapped radicals with oxygen was observed. The oxygen concentrations were lower after bromine gassing, thus repressing partially the post-plasma oxidation in the analysed layer (ca. 6 nm) by radical quenching. Such bromination took place either at the surface or in near-surface layers because the Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR)-FTIR spectra (sampling depth ca. 2500 nm) did not show significant changes for argon plasma-treated PE foils with and without bromine vapour exposure. Further addition of bromine may also occur on C=C double bonds. KW - Ageing of polyolefins KW - Argon plasma KW - Radical formation KW - Formation of double bonds PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2012.762326 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 27 IS - 6 SP - 1828 EP - 1839 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-30572 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Plasma bromination of graphene for covalent bonding of organic molecules N2 - Plasma-chemical bromination applied to graphitic materials, in particular to highly ordered pyrolytic graphite is reviewed. The resulting bromination efficiency of the plasma-chemical treatment was subject of systematic process optimization. The plasma of elemental bromine vapour produced bromine concentrations on graphene surfaces of more than 30 % Br/C using either inductively or capacitively coupled low-pressure radio-frequency plasmas. Plasma brominated graphite surfaces have been studied by Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The introduction of bromine into graphene-like graphite layers and its binding situation were investigated. To study the physical effect of the plasma bromination process, Kr plasma was also used because of its chemical inertness but similar atomic mass. Covering the samples with a Faraday cage or with a LiF window should help to differentiate between physical, chemical and radiation effects of the plasma. Bromination was assigned to radical or electrophilic addition of bromine onto fully substituted aromatic double bonds (sp² C) with exothermal reaction enthalpy. Low bromination shows a strong decay of aromatic double bonds, higher bromination percentage let disappear all aromatic rings. The formed C–Br bonds were well suited for efficient grafting of organic molecules by post-plasma wet-chemical nucleophilic substitution. This grafting onto the graphene surface was demonstrated using aminosilane and different diamines. The bromination of double bonds changes the hybridization of carbon atoms from plane sp² to tetrahedral sp³ hybridization. Thus, the plane topography of graphene is destroyed and the conductivity is lost. KW - Graphene KW - Bromination KW - Grafting of diamines KW - Plasma KW - Organic graphting PY - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-013-9509-x SN - 0272-4324 VL - 34 SP - 621 EP - 645 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-30575 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Gutowski, W. ED - Dodiuk, H. T1 - Study of metal-polymer interfaces: Relevance to adhesion KW - Polymer surface modification KW - Adhesion KW - Spacer PY - 2013 SN - 978-90-04-20173-6 SN - 978-90-04-20174-3 SP - 3 EP - 33 PB - CRC Press AN - OPUS4-30576 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heise, C. A1 - Schedler, U. A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Plasma-brominated cyclo-olefin polymer slides: Suiitable macroinitiators for activator regenerated by electron transfer/atom radical transfer polymerization N2 - Activators regenerated by electron transfer–atom radical transfer polymerization (ATRP) as a controlled living polymerization are distinguished by their acceptance of small amounts of transition-metal complexes and oxygen and by their tolerance of reducing agents at a high concentration. The precondition of all ATRP applications is the use of homolytic or heterolytic cleavable halides as a dormant species; this allows the propagation of monomer chains. Hence, alkyl bromides are slightly cleavable and are the preferred initiators for ATRP. The bromination of polymer slides used as macroinitiators was carried out under gentle bromoform plasma conditions. This led to an oxidation-resistant stable bromine layer. More than 20 bromines per 100 carbons on the polymer scaffold were permanently bound to the substrate after plasma treatment. The resulting amounts of secondary and tertiary bromines on the polymer scaffold exhibited a suitable macroinitiator concentration for the surface-initiated polymerization of methyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate. KW - Copolymers KW - Functionalization of polymers KW - Grafting KW - Monolayers and polymer brushes KW - Radical polymerization PY - 2014 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/app.40662/full U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/APP.40662 SN - 0021-8995 SN - 1097-4628 VL - 131 IS - 16 SP - 40662-1 EP - 40662-10 PB - Wiley InterScience CY - Hoboken, NJ AN - OPUS4-30577 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joshi, Ranjit A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Selective surface modification of Poly(propylene) with OH and COOH groups using liquid-plasma systems N2 - Underwater plasma and glow discharge electrolysis are interesting new methods for polymer surface functionalization. The achievable content of O-containing functional groups exceeds that of oxygen glow discharge gas plasmas by a factor of two (up to ca. 56 O/100 C). The percentage of OH groups among all O-containing groups can reach 25 to 40%, whereas it is about 10% in the gas plasmas. Addition of hydrogen peroxide increases the fraction of OH groups to at most 70% (27 OH/100 C). The liquid plasma systems are also able to polymerize acrylic acid and deposit the polymer as very thin film on substrate surfaces or membranes, thereby retaining about 80% of all COOH functional groups (27 COOH/100 C). KW - Polymeroberflächen KW - Funktionelle Gruppen PY - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200700175 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 5 IS - 7 SP - 695 EP - 707 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-18884 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Joshi, Ranjit T1 - Unterwasserplasmen zur Funktionalisierung oder Beschichtung von Polymeroberflächen T2 - 16. Neues Dresdner Vakuumtechnisches Kolloquium Beschichtung, Modifizierung und Charakterisierung von Polymeroberflächen (16. NdVak) CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2008-10-16 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18983 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Gerstung, Vanessa A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - K.L. Mittal, T1 - Plasma homo- and copolymerization of allyl alcohol and styrene KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Surface functionalization KW - Molar masses PY - 2009 SN - 978-90-04-16590-8 VL - 5 SP - 317 EP - 340 PB - Koninklijke Brill NV CY - Leiden, The Netherlands AN - OPUS4-19606 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joshi, Ranjit A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wagner, M.H. T1 - Study of carboxylic functionalization of polypropylene surface using the underwater plasma technique N2 - Non-equilibrium solution plasma treatment of polymer surfaces in water offers the possibility of more dense and selective polymer surface functionalization in comparison to the well-known and frequently used low-pressure oxygen plasma. Functional groups are introduced when the polymer surface contacts the plasma moderated solution especially water solutions. The emission of ions, electrons, energy-rich neutrals and complexes, produced by the ion avalanche are limited by quenching, with the aid of the ambient water phase. The UV-radiation produced in plasma formation also helps to moderate the reaction solution further by producing additional excited, ionized/dissociated molecules. Thus, monotype functional groups equipped polymer surfaces, preferably OH groups, originating from the dissociated water molecules, could be produced more selectively. An interesting feature of the technique is its flexibility to use a wide variety of additives in the water phase. Another way to modify polymer surfaces is the deposition of plasma polymers carrying functional groups as carboxylic groups used in this work. Acetic acid, acrylic acid, maleic and itaconic acid were used as additive monomers. Acetic acid is not a chemically polymerizing monomer but it could polymerize by monomer/molecular fragmentation and recombination to a cross linked layer. The other monomers form preferably water-soluble polymers on a chemical way. Only the fragmented fraction of these monomers could form an insoluble coating by cross linking to substrate. The XPS analysis was used to track the alterations in -O-CO- bond percentage on the PP surface. To identify the -COOH groups on substrate surface unambiguously, which have survived the plasma polymerization process, the derivatization with trifluoroethanol was performed. KW - Polymeroberflächen KW - Funktionelle Gruppen PY - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2009-00088-6 SN - 1434-6060 VL - 54 IS - 2 SP - 249 EP - 258 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-19607 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wohlrab, Sebastian A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Goering, Harald A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Integration of sol-gel derived inorganic nanonetworks into polymers N2 - Nanoparticulate networks as fillers for polymer based nanocomposites offer an optimized, surfactant free distribution of the inorganic component. Additionally, their non-aggregated but interconnected nanoparticulate subunits can lead to new properties owing to special inherent solid state properties and/or spacial restrictions to the polymeric parts. In particular, polymer nanocomposites based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), filled with different nanoparticulate networks of AlOOH were synthesized using two advanced synthesis techniques. An ex situ method, in which a preformed AlOOH-gel was solvent exchanged by methyl methacrylate (MMA) and an in situ method, in which the AlOOH scaffold was prepared within hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), have been used to produce the materials described here through polymerization. On the MMA based composites the particles were removed by etching, yielding porous polymers. Promising for a broad variety of crystallisable networks within polymers, the phase transition of amorphous AlOOH within PMMA towards crystalline boehmite was performed using a hydrothermal method. The materials were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, IR-spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy and hardness measurements. Special material properties were investigated using thermogravimetry, thermomechanical analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. Furthermore, interactions between PMMA segments and the AlOOH network were detailed studied using dielectric spectroscopy. PY - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0py00105h SN - 1759-9954 SN - 1759-9962 VL - 1 IS - 8 SP - 1226 EP - 1236 AN - OPUS4-21996 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Mittmann, Hans-Ulrich A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - K.L. Mittal, T1 - Plasma Bromination - a selective way to monotype functionalized polymer surfaces KW - Functional groups KW - Polymer surfaces KW - Plasma bromination KW - Grafting KW - Spacer KW - Selective plasma process PY - 2009 SN - 978-90-04-16590-8 VL - 5 SP - 3 EP - 18 PB - Koninklijke Brill NV CY - Leiden, The Netherlands AN - OPUS4-18944 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Hidde, Gundula T1 - Monosort functionalization of polymer surface as anchoring points for graft syntheses T2 - The Eleventh International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering, PSE CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 2009-09-15 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-18975 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus T1 - High selective polymer surface functionalization by using plasmas of Br-containing precursors with low ionization potential T2 - The Eleventh International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 2009-09-15 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-18977 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Joshi, Ranjit T1 - New Plasmas for Polymer Surface Functionalization T2 - Vortrag an der Karls-Universität Prag CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2008-01-28 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18978 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Joshi, Ranjit T1 - Selective Surface Modification of Polypropylene using Underwater Plasma Technique T2 - The Eleventh International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 2009-09-15 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-18979 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Hidde, Gundula T1 - Monosort functionalization of polymer surface as anchoring points for graft synthesis T2 - XVI. Erfahrungsaustausch "Oberflächentechnologie mit Plasma- und Ionenstrahlprozessen" CY - Klingenthal, Germany DA - 2009-03-10 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-18980 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Chemische Aspekte der Haftung von Metallen auf Polymeren T2 - Workshop Polymerhaftung und Reibung, TU München/Garching CY - Munich, Germany DA - 2008-10-10 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18981 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Rau, A. T1 - Polymer Surface Modification by Aerosol Based Corona Treatment of Foils T2 - Eleventh International Conference on Polymer Surface Engineering CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 2008-09-15 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18982 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Hanelt, Sven A1 - Mach, Reinhard A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus T1 - Plasma-chemical bromination of graphitic materials and its use for subsequent functionalization and grafting of organic molecules N2 - Plasma-chemical bromination has been shown to be well-suited for highly selective and efficient C–Br-functionalization of polyolefin surfaces and has now been applied to graphitic materials, including highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), natural graphite, carbon nanotubes, and graphitized carbon fibres. In contrast to the radical substitution of hydrogen by bromine at hydrogen-terminated sp3-hybridized carbon, bromination of all-carbon bound sp2-hybridized carbon in graphene requires addition to aromatic double bonds. The related change of sp2 to sp3 hybridization of the carbon atoms involved helps to explain experimental results of a loss in surface planarity on brominated HOPG. Bromine concentrations of up to 50 bromine atoms per 100 C-atoms were achieved in elemental bromine vapour under low-pressure plasma conditions using low-energetic inductively coupled radio-frequency plasma excitation. The time scale of the bromination progress was found to increase with the specific surface area of the material. The results of plasma-chemical bromination are compared to that of wet-chemical electrophilic addition reactions, which achieved 28 Br per 100 C for MWCNT. The resulting C–Br bonds from plasma-chemical processing of graphitic materials were shown to be well-suited for hydroxyl functionalization and for grafting of organic molecules by nucleophilic substitution with 1,6-diaminohexane and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. PY - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.06.054 SN - 0008-6223 SN - 1873-3891 VL - 48 IS - 13 SP - 3884 EP - 3894 PB - Pergamon Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-21954 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Krüger, P. ED - Blasek, G. ED - Bräuer, G. T1 - Feinreinigung von Oberflächen mit Niederdruckplasmen KW - Plasma-Oberflächenreinigung PY - 2010 SN - 978-3-87480-257-4 IS - Kap. 3.15 SP - 1085 EP - 1106 PB - Eugen G. Leuze CY - Bad Saulgau AN - OPUS4-23273 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Blasek, G. ED - Bräuer, G. T1 - Plasmapolymerisation KW - Plasma-Oberflächenreinigung PY - 2010 SN - 978-3-87480-257-4 IS - Kap. 2.4 SP - 356 EP - 451 PB - Eugen G. Leuze CY - Bad Saulgau AN - OPUS4-23274 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Blasek, G. ED - Bräuer, G. T1 - Modifizieren und Beschichten von Polymeroberflächen KW - Plasma-Oberflächenreinigung PY - 2010 SN - 978-3-87480-257-4 IS - Kap. 2.6 SP - 537 EP - 601 ff. PB - Eugen G. Leuze CY - Bad Saulgau AN - OPUS4-23275 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yin, Huajie A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Influence of differently structured aluminium-polypropylene interfaces on adhesion N2 - Polar groups were introduced on polypropylene surfaces for increasing the surface energy and the peel strength to evaporated aluminium layers. Three kinds of plasma processes were used for introducing such functional groups to polyolefin surfaces: low-pressure radio-frequency (RF) O2 plasma exposure, atmospheric-pressure dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) treatment in air, and the deposition of allylamine plasma polymer. The amino groups of the allylamine plasma polymer were also used as anchoring points for chemical introduction of covalently bonded spacer molecules equipped with reactive endgroups. Thus, silanol endgroups of a covalently bonded spacer were able to interact with the evaporated metal layer. The Al-PP composites achieved a maximal peel strength of 470 N/m by exposing the polymer to the lowpressure O2 plasma and 500 N/m on exposure to the atmospheric DBD plasma. After allylamine plasma polymerization and grafting of spacers, the peel strength was usually higher than 1500 N/m and the composites could not be peeled. KW - Polypropylene KW - Low-pressure RF oxygen plasma KW - Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) KW - Pulsed plasma polymerization KW - Surface wettability KW - Peel strength PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/016942410X511132 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 25 IS - 8 SP - 799 EP - 818 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-23990 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grytsenko, K. P. A1 - Kolomzarov, Y. A1 - Lytvyn, O. A1 - Strelchuk, V. A1 - Ksianzou, V. A1 - Schrader, S. A1 - Beyer, H. A1 - Servet, B. A1 - Enouz-Vedrenne, S. A1 - Garry, G. A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Metal-filled polytetrafluoroethylene nanostructered thin film N2 - Thin metal-filled polyterafluoroethylene films with various metal concentration were produced by co-deposition in vacuum. Metal nanocluster size increased with metal concentration. Films were heated up to 300 degrees C, their optical spectra were recorded during heating. The changes in plasmon band shape and wavelength of the nanocluster ensemble during heating are not linearly related with metal concentration and heating temperature. This is caused by different thermal behavior of the complex processes, which are taking place in each of the two materials present in the film. The metal cluster size and optical properties of the whole ensemble can be purposefully formed by varying metal nature, its concentration and annealing temperature of the film. Nano- and micro-domains with properties different from original film were generated by focused excimer laser or electron beam. Gold-filled PTFE nano-structured films were used as substrate for surface enhanced Raman scattering measurements of ultrathin film of Rhodamine 6G dye. KW - Gold nanoparticles KW - Arrays KW - SERS PY - 2010 UR - http://openurl.ingenta.com/content?genre=article&issn=1936-6612&volume=3&issue=3&spage=308&epage=312 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2010.1127 SN - 1936-6612 SN - 1936-7317 VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 308 EP - 312 PB - American Scientific Publ. CY - Stevenson Ranch, Calif. AN - OPUS4-23957 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Min, Hyegeun A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Jäger, Christian A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Significance of hydrogen-deuterium exchange at polyolefin surfaces on exposure to ammonia low-pressure plasma N2 - Since more than 40 years ammonia plasma exposure of polyolefins is used for introduction of primary amino groups. The selectivity of this reaction and the yield in primary amino groups was found to be low. Here, a prominent side-reactions of this process was investigated, the hydrogenation by NH3 plasma. For identification of hydrogenation ammonia (NH3) and deuterated ammonia (ND3) were exposed to Polyethylene (h-PE) and fully deuterated polyethylene (d-PE) as well as hexatriacontane (h-HTC) and fully deuterated hexatriacontane (d-HTC) as low-molecular weight model for PE. H–D exchange was assumed and detected by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF–SIMS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR-FTIR) and 1H and 2H Nuclear magnetic Resonance. Results show a significant H–D exchange within the sampling depth of ATR (2.5 µm). However, N- and NH2 introduction was limited to the topmost surface as shown by SIMS and XPS (a few nanometers). KW - Deuterated ammonia KW - Ammonia plasma KW - Deuterated polyolefins KW - Hexatriacontane KW - H-D exchange PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-011-9304-5 SN - 0272-4324 VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 551 EP - 572 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-24178 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fahmy, A. A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Structure of plasma-deposited poly(acrylic acid) films N2 - Poly(acrylic acid) films with a thickness of about 150?nm were deposited using a pulsed plasma onto aluminum and glass. The structure/property relationships of these samples were studied in dependence to the duty cycle (DC) of the plasma by a broad combination of different techniques and probes. For the first time, volume sensitive methods (FTIR, dielectric spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry) are combined with surface analyses i.e. XPS. For an unambiguous identification of COOH groups by XPS, derivatization with trifluoroethanol was accomplished. Quantitative FTIR investigations give qualitatively a dependence of the concentration of COOH groups upon DC similar to that given by XPS investigations. The observed differences are discussed considering the different analytical depths of both methods. The dielectric measurements reveal that the structure of the plasma deposited films is different from that of the bulk material. Moreover, these measurements show also that the plasma deposited films are not thermally stable but undergo a post plasma chemical reaction during heating, where the reaction kinetics depends on DC. PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201000108 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 147 EP - 159 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-23478 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fahmy, A. A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Structure-property relationship of thin plasma deposited poly(allyl alcohol) films N2 - Poly(allyl alcohol) films with a thickness of about 150 nm were deposited by pulse plasma polymerization onto different substrates (inorganic and organic). The structure/property relationships of these samples were studied in dependence on the duty cycle (DC) of the plasma by a broad combination of different techniques and probes. For the first time volume sensitive methods (FTIR and dielectric spectroscopy) are combined with surface analytics by employing XPS for that system. FTIR spectroscopy gives qualitatively the same dependence of the concentration of the OH groups on DC like XPS. The observed differences are discussed considering the different analytical depths of both the methods. The dielectric measurements show that the plasma deposited films are not thermally stable but undergo a post plasma chemical reaction during heating. The results obtained by dielectric spectroscopy are discussed in detail with the data from FTIR and XPS measurements. KW - Allyl alcohol KW - Dielectric properties KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Surface and bulk characterization KW - Thermal stability PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-011-9297-0 SN - 0272-4324 VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 477 EP - 498 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-23671 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hanelt, Sven A1 - Orts Gil, Guillermo A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus T1 - Differentiation and quantification of surface acidities on MWCNTs by indirect potentiometric titration N2 - Wet-chemically oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) generally exhibit both covalently-bound acidic functional groups on the surface and surface-adsorbed acidic substances, i.e. carbonaceous CNT fragments from the oxidation procedure. Direct potentiometric titration of oxidizable high surface area materials with dynamically desorbing acidic fragments is slow and inaccurate. Adsorbed acidic fragments are deprotonated by sodium hydroxide and form anions in solution which is not the case for covalently bound acidic groups on the CNTs, so the following filtration after NaOH treatment separates desorbable acidic substances from non-desorbable or covalently bound groups. For a known concentration of NaOH, titration of the eluate with hydrochloric acid (HCl) allows determination of the concentrations of both types of acidities. However, contrary to reports in the literature, the NaOH consumed by non-desorbed acidic groups has to be accounted for and impedes distinction of desorbed acidic groups via their pKa values. Results are presented of a study on the information content and the reliability of indirect potentiometric Boehm titration for different oxidized multi-walled CNTs. PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.03.016 SN - 0008-6223 SN - 1873-3891 VL - 49 IS - 9 SP - 2978 EP - 2988 PB - Pergamon Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-23625 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Adhesion promotion in metal-polymer composites by introduction of functional groups arranged in a well-defined distance to the polymer surface by spacer incorporation T2 - 10th International Conference on the Science and Technology of Adhesion and Adhesives, Euradh 2008 - Adhesion `08 CY - Oxford, UK DA - 2008-09-03 KW - Adhesion KW - Aluminium KW - Polypropylene KW - Plasma polymers KW - Spacer-bonded functional groups PY - 2008 SP - 447 EP - 451 PB - IOM Communications CY - London AN - OPUS4-18616 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Buschmann, H.-J. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Anchoring of Fluorophores to plasma-chemically modified polymer surfaces and the effect of Cucurbit[6]uril on dye emission N2 - Polypropylene supports were functionalized by plasma-deposition of polymeric allylamine layers. The surface amino groups generated were wet-chemically reacted with xanthene dyes resulting in fluorescent polymer films. The effect of polymer-attachment of the dyes on their emission features was studied fluorometrically and different methods were tested to improve the fluorescence properties of the films. Modification with cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) yields a moderately enhanced fluorescence as well as an improved photostability. The observed effect is most likely due to CB6-induced rigidization of the linker molecules which seems to reduce fluorescence quenching dye–dye and fluorophore–surface interactions. KW - Fluorescence KW - Cucurbituril KW - Surface modification KW - Plasma functionalization KW - Polymer surface KW - Xanthene dyes PY - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-008-0407-1 SN - 1053-0509 SN - 1573-4994 VL - 19 SP - 229 EP - 237 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-19154 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Hidde, Gundula T1 - Plasmabromierung von Polyolefinoberflächen für die chemische Pfropfung T2 - 16. Workshop Plasma- und Ionenstrahltechnologien CY - Klingenthal, Germany DA - 2009-03-10 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19118 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Hennecke, Manfred T1 - Neue Molekülarchitekturen an Polyolefinoberflächen T2 - 17. Neues Dresdner Vakuumtechnisches Kolloquium - Beschichtung, Modifizierung und Charakterisierung von Polymeroberflächen CY - Dresden, Deutschland DA - 2009-10-21 KW - Plasma KW - Bromierung KW - Spacer KW - Haftvermittler KW - Metallbedampfung KW - Schälfestigkeit PY - 2009 SN - 978-3-9812550-1-0 SP - 38 EP - 40 AN - OPUS4-20250 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha ED - G. Blasek, T1 - Generelle thermodynamische Probleme bei der Funktionalisierung von Polyolefinoberflächen T2 - 17. Neues Dresdner Vakuumtechnisches Kolloquium - Beschichtung, Modifizierung und Charakterisierung von Polymeroberflächen CY - Dresden, Deutschland DA - 2009-10-21 KW - Plasma KW - Bromierung KW - Spacer KW - Haftvermittler KW - Metallbedampfung KW - Schälfestigkeit KW - Thermodynamik PY - 2009 SN - 978-3-9812550-1-0 SP - 65 EP - 67 AN - OPUS4-20251 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Rau, A. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - G. Blasek, T1 - Aerosol-Barriereentladung und Elektrospray zur Polymerschichtabscheidung T2 - 17. Neues Dresdner Vakuumtechnisches Kolloquium - Beschichtung, Modifizierung und Charakterisierung von Polymeroberflächen CY - Dresden, Deutschland DA - 2009-10-21 KW - Corona KW - Barriereentladung KW - Haftvermittler KW - Schälfestigkeit PY - 2009 SN - 978-3-9812550-1-0 SP - 76 EP - 80 AN - OPUS4-20252 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Rau, A. T1 - Ultra-thin polymer layer deposition by aerosol-dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and electrospray ionization (ESI) at atmospheric pressure N2 - Polyolefins are chemically inert and do not adhere well to metals, polymers or inorganics. To overcome this problem, polyolefin surfaces were modified thermally, plasmachemically, or by flame treatment with different oxygen-containing groups, however, unfortunately, such treatments were accompanied by undesired, adhesion lowering polymer degradation. To solve this dilemma, solutions of synthetic polymers and copolymers were prepared, sprayed into the barrier discharge or electrosprayed without discharge and deposited as thin adhesion-promoting layers. The deposited polymer layers from poly(vinylamine), poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers and poly(acrylic acid) were endowed with monotype functional groups. Using the aerosol - dielectric barrier discharge only a fraction of functional groups survived the deposition process in contrast to the electrospray in which all functional groups were retained. KW - Polymer surface modification KW - Dielectric barrier discharge KW - Polymer aerosols KW - Electrospray deposition KW - Adhesion-promoting layers PY - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/016942409X12598231568429 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 24 IS - 7 SP - 1329 EP - 1350 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-21374 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Min, Hyegeun A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - A ToF-SIMS study of the deuterium-hydrogen exchange induced by ammonia plasma treatment of polyolefins N2 - ToF-SIMS has been used to study the surface functionalization of polypropylene and polyethylene samples by exposure to low-pressure ammonia plasma. Static secondary ion mass spectrometry is an appropriate tool to determine hydrogen isotopes as elements and in fragment ions with high sensitivity and selectivity. Specifically the exchange of hydrogen isotopes and the incorporation of N-containing moieties in the near-surface layer of the polyolefins have been studied in ND3 plasma experiments with conventional polypropylene (h-PP) and polyethylene (h-PE) and NH3 plasma experiments with deuterated polyethylene (d-PE). Considering the exchange of hydrogen between the plasma and the polymer surface studied by using deuterated ammonia and polyolefin samples the conclusion has been derived that polypropylene with its side chain methyl groups is more susceptible to hydrogen exchange reactions. For ND3 plasma treatment of polyethylene and polypropylene similar N-containing fragments were obtained and the measured semi-quantitative ToF-SIMS N-uptake data are rather similar. The observation of a wide range of characteristic mixed CkNlHmDn+ secondary fragment ions suggests complex and manifold reaction pathways at the polymer–plasma interface besides simple grafting of –ND2 or –NH2 moieties formed by ammonia fragmentation in the plasma. Finally, indications of an isotopic effect for hydrogen isotopes in the plasma process have been observed by comparison of ND3/h-PE results with those of NH3/d-PE. KW - ToF-SIMS KW - Hydrogen-deuterium exchange KW - Ammonia plasma treatment KW - Amine-functionalized polymer KW - Polyolefins PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ja10043b SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 26 SP - 1157 EP - 1165 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-23754 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mohamed, Zeinab A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Farouk, M. A1 - Moustapha, M.E. T1 - Plasma deposition of adhesion-promoting polymer layers onto polypropylene for subsequent covering with thick fire retardant coatings N2 - Melamine resins were used as 50-µm-thick fire retardant coatings for polypropylene (PP). Preceding deposition, low-pressure plasma polymer films of allyl alcohol were coated onto PP to improve the adhesion between PP and melamine resin coatings. The efficiency of such fire retardant coatings was confirmed by flame tests. The plasma-deposited polymer and the dip-coated melamine resin films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adhesion of coatings was measured using a 90° peel test with a doubled-faced adhesive tape. To detect the locus of failure, the peeled layer surfaces were inspected using optical microscopy and XPS. Thermal properties of PP thick melamine resin-coated films were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. KW - Polymer KW - Plasma KW - Polypropylene KW - Fire retardant KW - Melamine precursors KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Allyl alcohol KW - Flame retardants KW - Curing PY - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2015.1033878 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 29 IS - 14 SP - 1522 EP - 1533 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-33112 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Coating of carbon fibers with adhesion-promoting thin poly(acrylic acid) and poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) layers using electrospray ionization N2 - Thin coatings of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA) were deposited onto carbon fibers by means of the electrospray ionization (ESI) technique in ambient air. These high-molecular weight polymer layers were used as adhesion promoters in carbon fiber–epoxy resin composites. Within the ESI process, the carbon fibers were completely enwrapped with polymer in the upper 10 plies of a carbon fiber roving. As identified with scanning electron microscopy also shadowed fibers in a bundle as well as backsides of fiber rovings were pinhole-free coated with polymers (‘electrophoretic effect'). Under the conditions used, the layers have a granular structure. Residual solvent was absent in the deposit. PAA and PHEMA films did not show any changes in composition and structure in comparison with the original polymers as analyzed by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Single-fiber pullout tests of coated fibers embedded in epoxy resin showed significantly increased interfacial shear strength. It is assumed that chemical bonds between carbon fiber poly(acrylic acid) and epoxy resin contribute significantly to the improved interactions. KW - Adhesion promotion KW - Thin polymer layers KW - Electrospray ionization (ESI) KW - Carbon fiber–epoxy resin laminates KW - Layer topography PY - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2015.1040980 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 29 IS - 15 SP - 1628 EP - 1650 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-34564 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mohamed, Zeinab A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Krüger, Simone T1 - Cured melamine systems as thick fire-retardant layers deposited by combination of plasma technology and dip-coating N2 - Melamine and melamine resins are widely used as fire-retardants for polymer building materials. Cured melamine systems are used in heat-sensitive items, such as furniture and window frames and sills. In this work, differently cured methylated poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) (cmPMF) resins were used as fire-retardant coverage for poly(styrene) (PS) and poly(ethylene) (PE) building materials. Such polymer layers should have several tenths of micrometers thickness to produce sufficient fire retardancy. These thick layers were produced by dip-coating. To promote sufficient adhesion of such thick coating to the polyolefin substrates, also in the case of high temperatures occurring at fire exposure, the polymer substrates were firstly coated with a few hundred nanometer thick adhesion-promoting plasma polymer layer. Such thin plasma polymer layers were deposited by low-pressure plasma polymerization of allyl alcohol (ppAAl). It was assumed that the hydroxyl groups of ppAAl interact with the melamine resin; therefore, ppAAl was well suited as adhesion promoter for thick melamine resin coatings. Chemical structure and composition of polymer films were investigated using infrared-attenuated total reflectance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Peel strengths of coatings were measured. After peeling, the peeled polymer surfaces were also investigated using optical microscopy and XPS the layers for identification of the locus of peel front propagation. Thermal properties were analyzed using TGA (thermo-gravimetric analyses). Finally, the fire-retardant properties of such thick coated polymers were evaluated by exposure to flames. KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Dip-coating KW - Curing KW - Methylated poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) KW - Polystyrene KW - Polyethylene KW - Flame retardancy KW - Polymer KW - Plasma KW - Melamine resin KW - Fire retardant PY - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2014.995911 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 29 IS - 9 SP - 807 EP - 820 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-32795 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lukowiak, M.C. A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Landsberger, Petra A1 - Boenke, Viola A1 - Rodenacker, K. A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Haag, R. T1 - Polyglycerol coated polypropylene surfaces for protein and bacteria resistance N2 - Polyglycerol (PG) coated polypropylene (PP) films were synthesized in a two-step approach that involved plasma bromination and subsequently grafting hyperbranched polyglycerols with very few amino functionalities. The influence of different molecular weights and density of reactive linkers were investigated for the grafted PGs. Longer bromination times and higher amounts of linkers on the surface afforded long-term stability. The protein adsorption and bacteria attachment of the PP-PG films were studied. Their extremely low amine content proved to be beneficial for preventing bacteria attachment. PY - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-325406 SN - 1759-9954 SN - 1759-9962 VL - 6 IS - 8 SP - 1350 EP - 1359 AN - OPUS4-32540 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Natte, Kishore A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wohlrab, Sebastian A1 - Lutzki, J. A1 - von Klitzing, R. A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Orts-Gil, Guillermo T1 - Impact of polymer shell on the formation and time evolution of nanoparticle-protein corona N2 - The study of protein corona formation on nanoparticles (NPs) represents an actual main issue in colloidal, biomedical and toxicological sciences. However, little is known about the influence of polymer shells on the formation and time evolution of protein corona onto functionalized NPs. Therefore, silicapoly(ethylene glycol) core–shell nanohybrids (SNPs@PEG) with different polymer molecular weights (MW) were synthesized and exhaustively characterized. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) at different concentrations (0.1–6 wt%) was used as model protein to study protein corona formation and time evolution. For pristine SNPs and SNPs@PEG (MW = 350 g/mol), zeta potential at different incubation times show a dynamical evolution of the nanoparticle–protein corona. Oppositely, for SNPs@PEG with MW ≥2000 g/mol a significant suppression of corona formation and time evolution was observed. Furthermore, AFM investigations suggest a different orientation (side-chain or perpendicular) and Penetration depth of BSA toward PEGylated surfaces depending on the polymer length which may explain differences in protein corona evolution. KW - Nanoparticles KW - Silica KW - PEGylation KW - Protein corona KW - BSA KW - Biointerface PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.11.019 SN - 0927-7765 VL - 104 SP - 213 EP - 220 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-38547 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Natte, Kishore A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - von Klitzing, R. A1 - Orts-Gil, Guillermo T1 - Tuning interfacial properties and colloidal behavior of hybrid nanoparticles by controlling the polymer precursor N2 - A facile and versatile synthetic route for controlling the size and surface potential of organic–inorganic hybrid silica nanoparticles (NPs) is introduced in this paper. For polymer-grafted NPs, the density of polymer chains on the surface is strongly affected by the concentration of precursor. Nevertheless, for condensed NPs, the precursor concentration determines the particle size but not the density of polymer chains on the surface or the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Results presented here may have Major implications in biomedical and colloidal chemistry since interfacial and colloidal properties are known to drive several processes associated with nanoparticles in biological media. KW - BSA KW - Bio-interface KW - Nanosilica hybrids KW - PEG KW - Protein corona PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201200148 SN - 0025-116X SN - 1022-1352 SN - 1521-3935 VL - 213 IS - 22 SP - 2412 EP - 2419 PB - Whiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-38549 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Farag, Zeinab Ramadan A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Moustapha, M. E. T1 - Adhesion promotion of thick polyphosphate-poly(allylamine) films onto polyolefin substrates by plasma polymers N2 - The adhesion of thick poly(allylamine)-polyphosphate layers (1 µm) deposited by the wet-chemical layer-by-layer technique (LbL) onto polyethylene or polystyrene (each 100 µm) was very low. To promote the adhesion of these LbL layers the polyolefin substrates were oxidized at the surface by short exposure to the oxygen plasma (2 or 5 s) and subsequently coated with an interlayer of plasma-deposited poly(allylamine) or poly(allyl alcohol) (100 nm). The plasma polymer interlayers have improved strongly the adhesion between polyolefin substrates and polyphosphate coatings. Such phosphate coatings are interesting for life sciences (nucleotide formation) but also for fire retardancy in combination with N-rich compounds such as melamine. The intention was to prefer chemical and hydrogen bonds for adhesion promoting because of their high binding energy. Therefore, the introduced oxygen-containing groups at the polyolefin surface could interact with the OH or NH2 groups of the adhesion-promoting plasma polymer interlayer. These groups were also able to interact strongly with the poly(allylamine)-polyphosphate topcoating. The coated polyolefins were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Attenuated Total Reflectance mode (FTIR-ATR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Thermo-Gravimetric Analyses (TGA) and Atomic Force Spectroscopy (AFM) and 90° peel test. KW - Plasma-polymerized poly(allylamine) KW - Adhesion KW - Layer-by-layer deposition KW - Plasma polymerization PY - 2016 UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01694243.2015.1095626 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2015.1095626 SN - 1648-4142 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 231 EP - 246 PB - Taylor & Francis AN - OPUS4-35885 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar A1 - Wagner, M. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Magerramova, M. A1 - Salmanova, N. A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Meyer-Plath, A. T1 - The peculiar behavior of functionalized carbon nanotubes in hydrocarbons and polymeric oxidation environments N2 - It has been shown that selected types of substituents are able to vary the oxidative behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Such substituents investigated were sterically hindered secondary amino groups bonded in grafted piperidine units and covalently bonded bromine groups. Their interference and activity was preliminary determined in the model cumene and then in oil diesel fraction and low density polyethylene oxidation reactions. Results obtained indicate that chemical linking of amine moieties containing –NH groups directly to the carbon nanotubes core significantly increases their intrinsic anti-oxidative capacity while the grafting of Br-groups provokes the opposite functioning of the pristine samples. This inference was proved by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis of the polyethylene composites and experiments on profound aerobic oxidation of petroleum naphthenic fraction derived from the commercial Baku oils blend diesel cut. KW - Multi-walled carbon nanotubes KW - Amine derivatives KW - Plasma-chemical technique KW - Brominated carbon nanotubes KW - Rate of model oxidation KW - Anti-oxidative efficiency KW - Catalytic activity KW - Inhibition rate constant KW - Photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Oxidation KW - Polyethylene composites KW - Oil diesel fraction PY - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2016.1239304 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 31 IS - 9 SP - 988 EP - 1006 AN - OPUS4-39894 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Friedrich, Jörg-Florian T1 - Electrospray ionization for deposition of ultra-thin polymer layers – principle, electrophoretic effect and applications N2 - Nebulizing of polymer solutions, in a high-voltage field under atmospheric conditions by electrospray ionization (ESI), is a comfortable way to deposit ultra-thin layers of polar or ionic polymers onto any conductive substrate materials. The substrate is grounded and the polymer solution is sprayed through a powered capillary. The formed charged droplets shrink by solvent evaporation during their way to the grounded substrate, the charges close ranks and the droplets collapse consecutively by charge repulsion, thus forming finally charged single macromolecules. After their discharging at the grounded substrate, an ultrathin ‘quasi-monomolecular’ polymer layer is formed. It could be shown by imaging of scratches through the polymer layer by atomic force microscopy that the deposited polymer layers are dense at a thickness of about 10 nm. Carbon fibre bundles were coated with poly (allylamine) (PAAm) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as potential adhesion-promoting layers in fibre–polymer composites. The polymer deposition is self-inhibiting after formation of a continuous coverage of about 200 nm for PAAm and 30 nm for PAA as result of surface charging. Continuous deposition onto such isolating layers or polymers without charging can be achieved by using current of alternating polarity. The film formation is self-healing because of the electrophoretic effect, i.e. the ion discharging occurs preferentially at noncoated areas. This electrophoretic effect of ESI was demonstrated by completely enwrapping all the carbon fibres of the roving within a distance of about 100 μm far from its outside and also at the backside of the fibre bundle with about 80% of the topside coverage, as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and visualized using scanning electron microscopy. KW - Complete enwrapping of fibres KW - Ultra-thin polymer layers KW - Self-healing KW - Electrospray deposition KW - Carbon fibres KW - Electrophoretic effect PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2012.727170 SN - 0169-4243 VL - 27 IS - 9 SP - 988 EP - 1005 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London AN - OPUS4-42631 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Polymer deposition morphology by electrospray deposition - Modifications through distance variation N2 - Electrospray deposition (ESD) of highly diluted polymers was examined with regard to the deposited surface structure. Only the flight distance (flight time) onto the resulting deposited surface was varied from 20 to 200 mm. An apparatus without any additional heating or gas flows was used. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyallylamine (PAAm) in methanol were deposited on Si wafers. The polymer layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, derivatization reactions and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using a grazing incidence unit. SEM images illustrated the changing structures of PAA and PAAm. For PAA the deposited structure changed from a smooth film (20 mm) to a film with individual droplets on the coated surface (100 mm and 200 mm), while for PAAm individual droplets can be seen at all distances. The ESD process with cascades of splitting droplets slows down for PAA after distances greater than 40 mm. In contrast, the ESD process for PAAm is nearly stopped within the first flight distance of 20 mm. Residual solvent analysis showed that most of the solvent evaporated within the first 20 mm capillary-sample distance. KW - Electrospray ionization KW - Electrospray deposition KW - Ultra-thin layers KW - Capillary-sample distance KW - Residual solvent PY - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.06.020 SN - 0040-6090 VL - 564 SP - 269 EP - 276 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-31252 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Elektrospray-Ionisation (ESI) - Lochfreie elektrophoretische Abscheidung von ultra-dünnen Polymerschichten N2 - Die Elektrospray-Ionisations (ESI)-Vernebelung von Polymerlösungen wird analytisch zur massenspektrometrischen Bestimmung der Molmassen von Makromolekülen genutzt. Dabei werden die Polymermoleküle nach einem speziellen Mechanismus im Hochspannungsfeld unter Normaldruckbedingungen vereinzelt und in das Massenspektrometer überführt. Dieser Prozeß kann auch zur flächigen Abscheidung einzelner Polymermoleküle genutzt werden. Die Struktur und Zusammensetzung sowie die Molmassenverteilung der Polymere bleiben dabei erhalten. Schichten polarer oder ionischer Polymere der Dicke einer Quasi-Monolage bis hin zu mehreren 100 Nanometern können abgeschieden werden. Erwähnenswert ist, daß der ESI-Prozeß zu den elektrophoretischen Verfahren gehört, was die Ausbildung lochfreier Schichten auf elektrisch leitenden Substraten nicht nur auf der der Spraydüse zugewandten Seite ermöglicht, sondern auch auf der abgeschatteten Rückseite. Dieses Verhalten wurde zur vollständigen ESI-Umhüllung von dichtgepackten Kohlenstoff-Faser-Bündeln mit haftvermittelnden Polymerschichten ausgenutzt. PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/vipr.201100471 SN - 0947-076X SN - 1522-2454 VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 17 EP - 23 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-25392 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -