TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Almeida, Â. A1 - Calisto, V. A1 - Esteves, V. I. A1 - Soares, A. M. V. M. A1 - Freitas, R. T1 - Salinity-dependent impacts on the effects of antiepileptic and antihistaminic drugs in Ruditapes philippinarum JF - Science of the Total Environment N2 - In Coastal Systems, pollutants as pharmaceutical drugs exert changes from the molecular to the organism level in marine bivalves. Besides pollutants, Coastal Systems are prone to changes in environmental Parameters, as the alteration of salinity values because of Climate Change. Together, these Stressors (pharmaceutical drugs and salinity changes) can exert different threats than each Stressor acting individually; for example, salinity can change the physical-chemical properties of the drugs and/or the sensitivity of the organisms to them. However, limited Information is available on this subject, with variable results, and for this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the impacts of salinity changes (15,25 and 35) on the effects of the antiepileptic carbamazepine (CBZ, 1 (ig/L) and the antihistamine cetirizine (CTZ, 0.6 pg/L), when acting individually and combined (CBZ + CTZ), in the edible clam Ruditapes philippinarum. After 28 days ofexposure, drugs concentrations, bioconcentration factors and biochemical parameters, related to clam's metabolic caparity and oxidative stress were evaluated. The results showed that dams under low salinity suffered more changes in metabolic, antioxidant and biotransformation activities, in comparison with the remaining salinities under study. However, limited impacts were observed when comparing drug effects at low salinity. Indeed, it seemed that CTZ and CBZ + CTZ, under high salinity (salinity 35) were the worst exposure conditions for the dams, since they caused higher leveis of cellular damage. It Stands out that salinity changes altered the impact of pharmaceutical drugs on marine bivalves. KW - Muscheln KW - Salinität KW - Carbamazepin KW - Cetirizin KW - ELISA KW - Immunoassay KW - Antiepileptikum PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150369 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 806 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-55561 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Almeida, Ângela A1 - Calisto, V. A1 - Esteves, V. I. A1 - Soares, A. M. V. M. A1 - Figueira, E. A1 - Freitas, R. T1 - Ecotoxicity of the antihistaminic drug cetirizine to Ruditapes philippinarum clams JF - Science of the Total Environment N2 - Cetirizine (CTZ) is an antihistaminic drug present in the aquatic environment, with limited information on its toxicity to organisms inhabiting this system. This study intended to evaluate the effects of CTZ on oxidative stress and energy metabolism biomarkers in the edible clam Ruditapes philippinarum after a 28 days exposure to environmentally relevant CTZ concentrations (0.0, 0.3, 3.0, 6.0 and 12.0 mu g/L). The results obtained showed that CTZ was accumulated by clams reaching maximum concentrations (up to similar to 22 ng/g FW) at the highest CTZ exposure concentrations (6.0 and 12.0 mu g/L). The bioconcentration factor (average maximum values of similar to 5) decreased at 12.0 mu g/L reflecting a reduction in clams uptake or increase of excretion capacity at this condition. The present study revealed that, in general, clams decreased the metabolic potential after exposure to CTZ (decrease in electron transport system activity), a response that led to the maintenance of glycogen content in organisms exposed to CTZ in comparison to control values. Our findings also showed that, CTZ did not exert significant levels of oxidative injury to clams. However, comparing the control with the highest exposure concentrations (6.0 and 12.0 mu g/L) a significant increase of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide activity (similar to 53 and similar to 44%) was observed in clams exposed to CTZ. Moreover, a tendency to increase lipid peroxidation (similar to 14 and similar to 9%) and carbonyl groups on proteins (similar to 11 and similar to 3%) was observed in clams exposed to CTZ (6.0 and 12.0 mu g/L) compared to control condition. Overall the present study suggests that toxic impacts may be induced in R. philippinarum if exposed for longer periods or higher CTZ concentrations. KW - Antihistamines KW - Clams KW - Biomarkers PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.149 SN - 0048-9697 VL - 601 SP - 793 EP - 801 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-43311 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Almeida, Â. A1 - Calisto, V. A1 - Esteves, V. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Figueira, E. A1 - Soares, A. A1 - Freitas, R. T1 - Can ocean warming alter sub-lethal effects of antiepileptic and antihistaminic pharmaceuticals in marine bivalves? JF - Aquatic Toxicology N2 - The negative effects induced in marine organisms by Climate Change related abiotic factors consequences, namely ocean warming, are well-known. However, few works studied the combined impacts of ocean warming and contaminants, as pharmaceutical drugs. Carbamazepine (CBZ) and cetirizine (CTZ) occur in the marine environment, showing negative effects in marine organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of Ocean warming on the effects of CBZ and CTZ, when acting individually and combined (drug vs drug), in the edible clam Ruditapes philippinarum. For that, drugs concentration, bioconcentration factors and biochemical parameters, related with clam’s metabolic capacity and oxidative stress, were evaluated after 28 days exposure to environmentally relevant scenarios of these stressors. The results showed limited impacts of the drugs (single and combined) at control and warming condition. Indeed, it appeared that warming improved the oxidative status of contaminated clams (higher reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio, lower lipid peroxidation and Protein carbonylation levels), especially when both drugs were combined. This may result from clam’s defence mechanisms activation and reduced metabolic capacity that, respectively, increased elimination and limited production of reactive oxygen species. At low stress levels, defence mechanisms were not activated which resulted into oxidative stress. The present findings highlighted that under higher stress levels clams may be able to activate defence strategies that were sufficient to avoid cellular damages and loss of redox homeostasis. Nevertheless, low concentrations were tested in the present study and the observed responses may greatly Change under increased pollution levels or temperatures. Further research on this topic is needed since marine heat waves are increasing in frequency and intensity and pollution levels of some pharmaceuticals are also increasing in coastal systems. KW - Klimaerwärmung KW - Meer KW - Antiepileptika KW - Antihistaminika KW - Muscheln KW - Immunoassay KW - ELISA KW - Carbamazepine KW - Cetirizine PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105673 SN - 0166-445X VL - 230 SP - 105673 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-51840 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pires, A. A1 - Almeida, Ângela A1 - Calisto, V. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Esteves, V. I. A1 - Wrona, F. J. A1 - Soares, A. M. V. M. A1 - Figueira, E. A1 - Freitas, R. T1 - Hediste diversicolor as bioindicator of pharmaceutical pollution: Results from single and combined exposure to carbamazepine and caffeine JF - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C N2 - Several environmental stressors have been identified as key and/or emerging drivers of habitat change that could significantly influence marine near-shore ecosystems. These include increasing discharges of pharmaceutical contaminants into the aquatic coastal systems. Pharmaceutical drugs are often detected in aquatic environments but still information on their toxicity impacts on inhabiting species is scarce, especially when acting in combination. Furthermore, almost no information is available on the impacts of pharmaceuticals in polychaetes, often the most abundant taxon in benthic communities and commonly used as indicator species of environmental conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the biochemical alterations induced in the polychaete Hediste diversicolor, from a low contaminated area at the Ria de Aveiro lagoon (Portugal), by the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (0.0 - control, 0.3, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 μg/L) and the stimulant caffeine (0.0 - control, 0.5, 3.0, and 18.0 μg/L), acting alone and in combination (0.3 CBZ + 0.5 CAF and 6.0 CBZ + 3.0 CAF). Glutathione Stransferases (GSTs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities was determined in Hediste diversicolor from each condition. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione reduced and oxidized (GSH and GSSG), glycogen and electron transport system (ETS) were also measured. The results obtained clearly revealed that both drugs induced oxidative stress in H. diversicolor, shown by the increase on LPO levels and decrease on total glutathione and GSH/GSSG ratio with the increase of exposure concentrations. Furthermore, the present findings demonstrated that polychaetes biotransformation capacity as well as antioxidant defense mechanisms were not sufficiently efficient to fight against the excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to LPO when organisms were exposed to both drugs. Our results also demonstrated that polychaetes tended to decrease the activity of ETSwhen exposed to drugs, avoiding energy expenditurewhich may prevent them fromgreater damages. The present study further revealed that the impacts induced by the combination of both drugswere similar to those obtained at the highest drugs concentrations acting alone. KW - Invertebrates KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Oxidative stress biomarkers KW - Energy reserves PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.06.003 VL - 2016 IS - 188 SP - 30 EP - 38 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-38509 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Almeida, Â. A1 - Calisto, V. A1 - Esteves, V. I. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Soares, A. M. V. M. A1 - Freitas, R. T1 - Responses of Ruditapes philippinarum to contamination by pharmaceutical drugs under ocean acidification scenario JF - Science of the total environment N2 - In coastal systems, organisms are exposed to amultitude of stressors whose interactions and effects are poorly studied. Pharmaceutical drugs and Climate Change consequences, such as lowered pH, are examples of stressors affecting marine organisms, as bivalves. Although a vast literature is available for the effects of these stressors when acting individually, very limited information exists on the impacts that the combination of both can have on marine bivalves. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the impacts of a simulated ocean acidification scenario (control pH, 8.0; lowered pH, pH 7.6) on the effects of the antiepileptic carbamazepine (CBZ, 1 μg/L) and the antihistamine cetirizine (CTZ, 0.6 μg/L), when acting individually and combined (CBZ + CTZ), on the edible clam Ruditapes philippinarum. After 28 days of exposure, drug concentrations, bioconcentration factors and biochemical parameters related to the clams' metabolic capacity and oxidative stress were evaluated. The results showed that R. philippinarum clams responded differently to pharmaceutical drugs depending on the pH tested, influencing both bioconcentration and biological responses. In general, drug combined treatments showed fewer impacts than drugs acting alone, and acidification seemed to activate at a higher extension the elimination processes that were not activated under control pH. Also, lowered pH per se exerted negative impacts (e.g., cellular damage) on R. philippinarum and the combination with pharmaceutical drugs did not enhance the toxicity. KW - Biosensoren KW - Immunoassay KW - ELISA KW - Vor-Ort-Analytik KW - Toxikologie KW - Pharmaceutical drugs KW - Bivalves KW - Ocean acidification KW - Biomarkers KW - Climate change PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153591 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 824 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-55590 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pieres, A. A1 - Almeida, Ângela A1 - Correia, J. A1 - Calisto, V. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Esteves, V. I. A1 - Soares, A. M. V. M. A1 - Figueira, E. A1 - Freitas, R. T1 - Long-term exposure to caffeine and carbamazepine: Impacts on the regenerative capacity of the polychaete Diopatra neapolitana JF - Chemosphere N2 - The toxicity induced in non-target organisms by pharmaceutical drugs has been the focus of several studies. In the aquatic environment, most of the studies have been devoted to fish and bivalves, while little is known on the impacts induced in polychaetes. The present study evaluated the impacts of carbamazepine and caffeine on the regenerative capacity of Diopatra neapolitana, a polychaete species with high ecological and economic relevance. Under laboratory controlled conditions polychaetes were exposed, during 28 days, to carbamazepine (Ctl-0.0; 0.3; 3.0; 6.0; 9.0 mg/L) and caffeine (Ctl-0.0; 0.5; 3.0; 18.0 mg/L). During the experiment, at days 11, 18, 25, 32, 39 and 46 after amputation, for each specimen, the percentage of the body width regenerated was determined and the number of new segments was counted. The regenerative capacity was assessed considering the number of days needed to achieve full regeneration and the total number of new segments. The obtained results revealed that with the increase of drugs concentrations organisms regenerated less new segments and took longer to completely regenerate. KW - Diopatra neapolitana KW - Pollution KW - Pharmaceutical drugs KW - Regenerative capacity PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.035 SN - 0045-6535 VL - 146 SP - 565 EP - 573 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-38497 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -