TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Kloß, Heinz A1 - Dmitriev, A.I. T1 - Friction control during automotive braking: experimental observations and simulation at nanometer scale KW - Friction control KW - Friction film KW - Automotive braking KW - MCA model KW - Nanostructure PY - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1179/175158309X12586382418454 SN - 1751-5831 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 196 EP - 202 PB - Maney CY - London AN - OPUS4-20829 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dmitriev, A. I. A1 - Österle, Werner ED - Österle, Werner ED - Zhang, G. T1 - The role of solid lubricants for brake friction materials N2 - This review article comprises of three parts. Firstly, reports of brake manufacturers on the beneficial impact of solid lubricants for pad formulations are surveyed. Secondly, since tribofilms were identified to play a crucial role in friction stabilization and wear reduction, the knowledge about tribofilm structures formed during automotive braking was reviewed comprehensively. Finally, a model for simulating the sliding behavior of tribofilms is suggested and a review on modelling efforts with different model structures related to real tribofilms will be presented. Although the variety of friction composites involved in commercial brake systems is very broad, striking similarities were observed in respect to tribofilm nanostructures. Thus a generalization of the tribofilm nanostructure is suggested and prerequisites for smooth sliding performance and minimal wear rates have been identified. A minimum of 13 vol.% of soft inclusions embedded in an iron oxide based tribofilm is crucial for obtaining the desired properties. As long as the solid lubricants or their reaction products are softer than magnetite, the main constituent of the tribofilm, the model predicts smooth sliding and a minimum of wear. KW - Solid lubricant KW - Friction KW - Automotive braking KW - Tribofilm KW - Sliding simulation KW - MCA-modeling PY - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-355973 UR - www.mdpi.com/journal/lubricants SN - 2075-4442 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 26 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-35597 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -