TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, J.-Y. A1 - Hou, X.-N. A1 - Tian, Y. A1 - Jiang, L. A1 - Deng, S. A1 - Röder, B. A1 - Ermilov, Eugeny T1 - Photoinduced energy and charge transfer in a bis(triphenylamine)-BODIPY-C60 artificial photosynthetic system N2 - Triphenylamines (TPAs), boron dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) and fullerenes C60 are excellent building blocks for the design of artificial photosynthetic systems. In the present work, we report the synthesis, characterization and detailed photophysical studies of a novel (TPA)2–BODIPY–C60 tetrad in polar and nonpolar solvents. The absorption spectrum of this compound covered virtually the entire visible Region (350–700 nm) and could be interpreted as a superposition of the spectra of individual components. Upon TPA-part excitation, a fast and very efficient excitation energy transfer (EET) delivers the excitation to the BODIPY moiety resulting in complete quenching of the TPA first excited singlet state as well as the appearance of the BODIPY fluorescence. The efficiency of EET process was estimated to be 1. Direct or indirect (via EET) excitation of the BODIPY-part of the tetrad is followed by photoinduced charge transfer to the charge-separated state BODIPY+–C60- irrespective of the solvent used. In polar N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)charge recombination occurs directly to the ground state with the Charge recombination rate, kCR, slower than 108 s-1, whereas in nonpolar toluene (TOL) a small energy gap between the charge-separated state and first excited singlet state of the BODIPY moiety facilitates the back charge transfer process. The latter results in the appearance of thermally activated delayed fluorescence. The rate of charge separation was found to be ca. 2 times faster in TOL than in DMF. KW - Charge transfer KW - Energy transfer KW - Artificial photosynthesis KW - BODIPY KW - TPA KW - Fullerene C60 PY - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra06841c SN - 2046-2069 VL - 6 IS - 62 SP - 57293 EP - 57305 AN - OPUS4-37080 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Teixeira, M.M. A1 - Moreno, L.F. A1 - Stielow, B.J. A1 - Muszewska, A. A1 - Hainaut, M. A1 - Gonzaga, L. A1 - Abouelleil, A. A1 - Patan, J.S.L. A1 - Priest, M. A1 - Souza, R. A1 - Ferreira, K.S. A1 - Zeng, Q. A1 - da Cunha, M.M.L. A1 - Gladki, A. A1 - Barker, B. A1 - Vicente, V.A. A1 - de Souza, E.M. A1 - Almeida, S. A1 - Henrissat, B. A1 - Vasconelos, A.T.R. A1 - Deng, S. A1 - Vogelmayr, H. A1 - Moussa, T.A.A. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Felipe, M.S.S. A1 - Cuomo, C.A. A1 - de Hoog, G.S. T1 - Exploring the genomic diversity of black yeasts and relatives (Chaetothyriales, Ascomycota) N2 - The order Chaetothyriales (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycetes) harbours obligatorily melanised fungi and includes numerous etiologic agents of chromoblastomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis and other diseases of vertebrate hosts. Diseases range from mild cutaneous to fatal cerebral or disseminated infections and affect humans and cold-blooded animals globally. In addition, Chaetothyriales comprise species with aquatic, rock-inhabiting, ant-associated, and mycoparasitic life-styles, as well as species that tolerate toxic compounds, suggesting a high degree of versatile extremotolerance. To understand their biology and divergent niche occupation, we sequenced and annotated a set of 23 genomes of main the human opportunists within the Chaetothyriales as well as related environmental species. Our analyses included fungi with diverse life-styles, namely opportunistic pathogens and closely related saprobes, to identify genomic adaptations related to pathogenesis. Furthermore, ecological preferences of Chaetothyriales were analysed, in conjuncture with the order-level phylogeny based on conserved ribosomal genes. General characteristics, phylogenomic relationships, transposable elements, sex-related genes, protein family evolution, genes related to protein degradation (MEROPS), carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), melanin synthesis and secondary metabolism were investigated and compared between species. Genome assemblies varied from 25.81 Mb (Capronia coronata) to 43.03 Mb (Cladophialophora immunda). The bantiana-clade contained the highest number of predicted genes (12 817 on average) as well as larger genomes. We found a low content of mobile elements, with DNA transposons from Tc1/Mariner superfamily being the most abundant across analysed species. Additionally, we identified a reduction of carbohydrate degrading enzymes, specifically many of the Glycosyl Hydrolase (GH) class, while most of the Pectin Lyase (PL) genes were lost in etiological agents of chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. An expansion was found in protein degrading peptidase enzyme families S12 (serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidases) and M38 (isoaspartyl dipeptidases). Based on genomic information, a wide range of abilities of melanin biosynthesis was revealed; genes related to metabolically distinct DHN, DOPA and pyomelanin pathways were identified. The MAT (MAting Type) locus and other sexrelated genes were recognized in all 23 black fungi. Members of the asexual genera Fonsecaea and Cladophialophora appear to be heterothallic with a single copy of either MAT-1-1 or MAT-1-2 in each individual. All Capronia species are homothallic as both MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 genes were found in each single genome. The genomic synteny of the MAT-locus flanking genes (SLA2-APN2-COX13) is not conserved in black fungi as is commonly observed in Eurotiomycetes, indicating a unique genomic context for MAT in those species. The heterokaryon (het) genes expansion associated with the low selective pressure at the MAT-locus suggests that a parasexual cycle may play an important role in generating diversity among those fungi. KW - Black yeast KW - Comparative genomics KW - Chaetothyriales KW - Ecology KW - Evolution KW - Herpotrichiellaceae KW - Phylogeny PY - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-408720 SN - 1872-9797 VL - 86 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 28 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-40872 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -