TY - RPRT A1 - Czichos, Horst A1 - Sievers, G. T1 - Materials Technologies and Techno-Economic Development N2 - Eine im Auftrag der Deutschen Stiftung für Internationale Entwicklung (DSE) erarbeitete Studie über die Bedeutung von Materialtechnologien für zukünftige technisch-wirtschaftliche Entwicklungen, besonders im Hinblick auf die Entwicklungsländer. N2 - This study was prepared at the request of the German Foundation for International Development (Deutsche Stiftung für Internationale Entwicklung) in order to review the state of the art of materials technologies and their potential for future techno-economic developments. The importance of materials technologies is immediately obvious from the fact that materials rank together with energy and information as basic resources of mankind. That which distinguishes materials from the other technologies and sciences which are subject of intense current attention is that materials are not an end product in themselves but are needed to permit Engineering structures to fulfill their purposes. Demands for improved materials and materials technologies basically spring from the functions required of engineering structures, such as improved performance, integrity and reliability. Materials have an underpinning role, they provide the frar:nework for all industrial sectors in every country and thus they represent essentially an enabling technology. A review of the state of the art shows that in the industrialized countries there has been a rapid development of "New Materials" and "New Materials Technologies" in recent years. This has led to major new industries, including computers, plastics and synthetic fibres and rubbers and nuclear power. Although there are euphoric claims about the future of new materials such as fine ceramies and composites, their applications lie predominantly in the high technology or value added end of the engineering product market, and a suitable industrial base is needed to support the implantation of such materials and related new technologies. ln considering the possibilities and potentials of materials and materials technologies for developing countries, the following requisites may be named together with the requirement of a "minimum Ievei of technological competence" in order to use their potential chances: 1. The need for local strategies and "appropriate technologies" 2. A concern about the "total materials cycle" in any new development- from the extraction of ores through manufacturing of finished products, use, reuse, recycling and disposal. 3. The consideration of especially suited "new" materials technologies, such as High Strength Low Alloy Steels (HSLA Steels) - Fibre Reinforced Structural Composites - Powder Metallurgy and the blending with conventional technologies. 4. The necessity of maintenance technologies and strategies 5. The need to mitigate materials deterioration and darnage processes like fracture, fatigue, corrosion, wear and biodeterioration through contemporary technologies, as for example surface coatings. 6. The necessity to establish neutral National Institutes for materials testing and quality control. 7. The necessity to establish agreed codes of practice and materials standards and specifications. T3 - BAM Forschungsberichtreihe - 117 KW - Materials Technologies KW - Techno-Economic Development KW - Industrial Development KW - Developing Countries KW - Materials Cycle KW - Materials Standards KW - Advance Technology Alert System PY - 1985 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-3335 SN - 978-3-88314-468-1 SN - 0938-5533 VL - 117 SP - 1 EP - 56 PB - Wirtschaftsverlag NW CY - Bremerhaven AN - OPUS4-333 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Czichos, Horst A1 - Helms, Rolf A1 - Lexow, Jürgen T1 - Industrial and Materials Technologies: Research and Development Trends and Needs N2 - In this study, made on behalf of the Commission of the European Communities (EC) the present state of industrial and materials technologies, their basic technological needs and development trends in the EC are analyzed on the basis of a questionnaire enquiry and interviews with leading authorities and experts. The analyses show that industrial and materials technologies are of paramount technological and economic irnportance for the EC and can support industrial competitiveness through the application of novel materials, advanced design and manufacturing routes, and top quality strategies. Key industrially relevant goals and benefits include (i) costs-reduction, (ii) long-term performance, (iii) energy and materials savings, (iv) environmental compatibility, (v) recycling. N2 - Die Studie basiert auf einer europaweiten Fragebogenaktion und gezielten Gesprächen mit herausragenden Fachleuten der betroffenen EG-Mitgliedsstaaten. Die Analyse zeigt die überragende technologische und wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Werkstofftechnologie mit Blick auf neue Werkstoffe, Konstruktions- u. Herstellungsbedingungen sowie Qualitätssicherungsstrategien. T3 - BAM Forschungsberichtreihe - 181 PY - 1991 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-2694 SN - 978-3-89429-105-2 SN - 0938-5533 VL - 181 SP - 1 EP - 120 PB - Wirtschaftsverlag NW CY - Bremerhaven AN - OPUS4-269 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Czichos, Horst A1 - Salomon, Geert T1 - The Application of Systems Thinking and Systems Analysis to Tribology N2 - Two introductory reports on a Systems approach to tribology, refs (1) and (2), have been discussed at the previous meeting of IRG-OECD (London, 1973). The new concepts derived from General Systems Theory, and Mathematical Systems Analysis are combined in the present report and applications in tribology are worked out in greater detail. In introducing the subject it is pointed out once more: (i) all tribo-mechanisms are by definition complex Systems; (ii) friction and wear are operators of tribo-systems (in terms of either a verbal or a mathematical theory of sets); (ii) therefore friction coefficients and wear rates cannot be instrinsic material properties. The nature of complexity in the verbal description of tribo-mechanisms is analyzed, and logical ruies, needed in the analytical procedure, are given;the mathematics are summarized in the Appendix. A general classification of tribo-mechanisms is developed by step-wise analysis, and mathematical expressions for friction and wear processes in steady state Systems are given. The recent experimental advances made by IRG-OECD (refs (15) and (16)) on failure criteria in thin film lubrication are presented in the terminology of Systems analysis, but merely äs an example for the formalization of non-linear tribo-processes. It is concluded that neither the verbal nor the mathematical Systems analysis have, at present, more predictive power than a conventional Interpretation of experimental results. However, dangerous logical errors in the concepts of friction and wear can now be eliminated and, by doing so, a new outlook on tribometry is gained. The practical engineering consequences for the future, functional control of tribo-machinery have already been predicted by Schlösser (ref. 18). T3 - BAM Forschungsberichtreihe - 30 PY - 1974 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-4207 SN - 0938-5533 VL - 30 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-420 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kaffanke, K. A1 - Czichos, Horst T1 - Die Bestimmung von Grenzflächentemperaturen bei tribologischen Vorgängen N2 - Bewegungsvorgänge kontaktierender Werkstoffoberflächen produzieren durch Reibung im Grenzflächenbereich Temperaturerhöhungen, die Werkstoffeigenschaften im Kontaktbereich verändern und somit Bewegungs- u, Funktionsabläufe beeinflussen. Die Literatur-Recherche umfasst alle bekannten messtechnischen Methoden zur Erfassung von Grenzflächentemperaturen. T3 - BAM Forschungsberichtreihe - 19 PY - 1973 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-4319 SN - 0938-5533 VL - 19 SP - 1 EP - 40 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-431 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Czichos, Horst T1 - Technische Materialforschung und -prüfung - Entwicklungstendenzen und Rahmenvorschläge für ein EG-Programm "Basic Technological Research" N2 - Dokumentation der Untersuchung für den Nachweis der Notwendigkeit eines möglichen EG- Programms. T3 - BAM Forschungsberichtreihe - 85 KW - Materialprüfung KW - Europäische Gemeinschaft PY - 1982 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-3650 SN - 978-3-88314-23-X SN - 0938-5533 VL - 85 SP - 1 EP - 52 PB - Wirtschaftsverlag NW CY - Bremerhaven AN - OPUS4-365 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Czichos, Horst A1 - Feinle, Paul T1 - Tribologisches Verhalten von thermoplastischen, gefüllten und glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen - Kontaktdeformation, Reibung und Verschleiß, Oberflächenuntersuchung N2 - Inhalt dieses Berichts ist die grundlagenorientierte Untersuchung der Kontakt-, Reibungs- und Verschleißmechanismen von Kunststoffen unter der Bedingung der Festkörpergleitreibung. T3 - BAM Forschungsberichtreihe - 83 KW - Tribologie KW - Glasfaserkunststoff KW - Thermoplast PY - 1982 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-3678 SN - 978-3-88314-230-1 SN - 0938-5533 VL - 83 SP - 1 EP - 116 PB - Wirtschaftsverlag NW CY - Bremerhaven AN - OPUS4-367 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -