TY - JOUR A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Müller, Maximilian A1 - Mieller, Björn A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias ED - Emri, I. T1 - RFID sensor systems embedded in concrete – requirements for long–term operation N2 - Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is an important topic for Industry 4.0. More and more systems are embedded in different materials and are connected to each other. To embed sensors for a long time in concrete, an exact preparation is required. In this paper, we identify Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) as promising technology for monitoring of concrete structures. This paper present the concept for long term monitoring, defines the requirements and shows first development steps, for example, the system design, the possibilities of sensor connection, and an encapsulation for embedding in concrete. T2 - 33nd Danubia Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Portoroz, Slovenia DA - 20.09.2016 KW - RFID sensors KW - Long-term requirements KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Passive RFID KW - Sensor requirements KW - Sensors in concrete KW - Smart structures PY - 2017 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785317308283 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.053 SN - 2214-7853 VL - 4 IS - 5, Part 1 SP - 5827 EP - 5832 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-41581 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Real-time wind estimation on a micro unmanned aerial vehicle using its inertial measurement unit N2 - This paper presents an approach for a quadrocoper-based micro unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that estimates the wind vector (speed and direction) in real-time based on measurement data of its on-board sensors only. This method does not need any additional airspeed sensor or dedicated anemometer, and thus the micro UAV's valuable payload remains free for other sensors. Wind tunnel and field tests were used to evaluate the performance of the approach. In order to quantify its accuracy, experiments are presented where data was collected with an anemometer placed in an open field with the micro UAV in flight following a predefined trajectory around the anemometer and hovering at a defined position close to it. KW - Micro unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) KW - Quadrocopter KW - Real-time KW - Inertial measurement unit (IMU) KW - Airspeed calibration KW - Wind estimation (speed and direction) PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2015.09.036 SN - 0924-4247 VL - 235 SP - 300 EP - 310 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-34737 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moufid, M. A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - El Bari, N. A1 - Hamada, D. A. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Bouchikhi, B. T1 - Pollution parameters evaluation of wastewater collected at different treatment stages from wastewater treatment plant based on E-nose and E-tongue systems combined with chemometric techniques N2 - Wastewater contains harmful chemicals and heavy metals that are known to cause various environmental and health problems. Therefore, the water quality control using sensitive, simple, fast, accurate, and portable tools is of great importance. This study aimed to evaluate the pollution parameters of wastewaters collected at different treatment stages from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) that treats domestic and industrial wastewaters by using an electronic nose (E-nose) and a voltammetric electronic tongue (E-tongue) combined with chemometric techniques. Water and wastewater pollution parameters determination were performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for the determination of cations, and anions by using ion chromatography. Chemometric techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), were used to process the E-nose and E-tongue datasets to describe the similarities between the samples. In addition, Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) model was constructed using electronic sensing data to simultaneously predict the concentration values of physicochemical parameters. The obtained correlation coefficient, for training and testing sets, is higher than 0.91 for the prediction of the concentration of all physicochemical parameters, except for iron (Fe) which remains 0.84. These results suggest that simple, portable, and inexpensive tools such as electronic nose and tongue are suitable for wastewater analysis. KW - Wastewater KW - Electronic nose KW - Voltammetric electronic tongue KW - Water quality control KW - Chemometric techniques KW - Gas sensing PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2022.104593 VL - 227 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-55652 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mansurova, Maria A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Rurack, Knut A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Bell, Jérémy T1 - On-Site Analytical Tool Based on Crude Oil Fluorescence and Chemometrics for the Rapid Determination of the Nature and Essential Properties of Oil Spills N2 - With the reduction of large oil spills because of stricter regulations and safety measures, the question of how to manage smaller oil spills arises. Few on-site analytical tools are available for first responders or other law enforcement personnel to rapidly test for crude oil in the early management of localized polluted areas. The approach reported here relies on well-described computer-assisted multivariate data analysis of the intrinsic fluorescence fingerprints of crude oils to build a multivariate model for the rapid classification of crude oils and the prediction of their properties. Thanks to a dedicated robust portable reader, the method allowed classification and accurate prediction of various properties of crude oil samples like density (according to API, the American Petroleum Institute and viscosity as well as composition parameters such as volume fractions of paraffins or aromatics. In this way, autonomous operation in on-site or in-the-field applications becomes possible based on the direct (undiluted and untreated) measurement of samples and a rapid, tablet-operated readout system to yield a robust and simple analytical test with superior performance. Testing in real-life scenarios allowed the successful classification and prediction of a number of oil spill samples as well as weathered samples that closely resemble samples collected by first responders. KW - Oil spills KW - Fluorescence KW - PCA KW - Petroleum KW - Rapid test KW - Portable PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-595442 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.3c00648 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 621 EP - 627 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-59544 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köppe, Enrico A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Daum, Werner A1 - Gong, Xing A1 - Hofmann, Detlef A1 - Basedau, Frank A1 - Schukar, Vivien A1 - Westphal, Anja A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Beck, Uwe T1 - New self - diagnostic fiber optical sensor technique for structural health monitoring N2 - Fiber optic sensors have gained increasing importance in recent years and are well established in many areas of industrial applications. In this paper, we introduce a concept of a self-diagnostic fiber optic sensor. The presented sensor is to resolve the problems of embedded fiber optic sensors in complex structures and to enable the validation under operational conditions. For this purpose, different magnetostrictive coated fiber optic sensors were developed and various experiments were performed to verify their mode of Operation and to determine the respective reproducibility. The measuring principle is illustrated by obtained experimental results, which showed a change in wavelength from 1 pm at a magnetic field strength change of 0.25 mT. In addition, the temperature characteristics of the implemented magnetostrictive sensor were analyzed and an experimental factor of 1.5 compared to a reference fiber optic sensor was determined. T2 - 32nd DANUBIA ADRIA SYMPOSIUM on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Starý Smokovec, Slovakia DA - 22.09.2015 KW - Self-diagnostic fiber optical sensor KW - Magnetostrictive metal coating KW - Magnetic field KW - Fiber bragg grating PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2016.03.038 SN - 2214-7853 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 1009 EP - 1013 AN - OPUS4-37131 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Lazik, D. T1 - Multifunctional sensor for monitoring of CO2 underground storage by comprehensive and spatially resolved measuring of gas concentrations, temperature and structural changes N2 - One of the main unsolved issues of CCS is the comprehensive surveillance of CO2 storage areas with reasonable effort and costs. This study presents an approach for distributed subsurface monitoring of gas storage areas. The concept combines different measurement technologies to one multifunctional sensor: membrane based measurement technology for in situ monitoring of gases in soil and fibre optical sensing of temperature and strain (as a measure for structural change). A test field of application-relevant dimensions is built up to validate and optimize the technology. T2 - GHGT 11 - Greenhouse gas control technologies conference CY - Kyoto, Japan DA - 2012-11-18 KW - Multifunctional sensor KW - Distributed sensor KW - Monitoring of CO2 KW - Subsurface monitoring KW - Gas storage areas KW - Membrane-based gas sensing KW - Fibre optical sensing PY - 2013 UR - http://reginnovations.org/key-scientific-articles/multifunctional-sensor-monitoring-co2-underground-storage-comprehensive-spatially-resolved-measuring-gas-concentrations-temperature-structural-changes/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.303 SN - 1876-6102 VL - 37 SP - 4033 EP - 4040 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-28910 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Asadi, S. A1 - Hernandez Bennetts, V. A1 - Lilienthal, A.J. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Monitoring of CCS areas using micro unmanned aerial vehicles (MUAVs) N2 - Carbon capture & storage (CCS) is one of the most promising technologies for greenhouse gas (GHG) management. However, an unsolved issue of CCS is the development of appropriate long-term monitoring systems for leak detection of the stored CO2. To complement already existing monitoring infrastructure for CO2 storage areas, and to increase the granularity of gas concentration measurements, a quickly deployable, mobile measurement device is needed. In this paper, we present an autonomous gas-sensitive micro-drone, which can be used to monitor GHG emissions, more specifically, CO2. Two different measurement strategies are proposed to address this task. First, the use of predefined sensing trajectories is evaluated for the task of gas distribution mapping using the micro-drone. Alternatively, we present an adaptive strategy, which suggests sampling points based on an artificial potential field (APF). The results of real-world experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using gas-sensitive micro-drones for GHG monitoring missions. Thus, we suggest a multi-layered surveillance system for CO2 storage areas. T2 - GHGT 11 - Greenhouse gas control technologies conference CY - Kyoto, Japan DA - 18.11.2012 KW - Gas-sensitive micro-drone KW - Gas distribution mapping KW - Sensor planning KW - Artificial potential field KW - CCS PY - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-289119 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.320 SN - 1876-6102 VL - 37 SP - 4182 EP - 4190 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-28911 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Knoll, Uta A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Goering, Harald A1 - Neubert, Dietmar A1 - Pötschke, P. T1 - Mechanical, Thermal, and Fire Behavior of Bisphenol A Polycarbonate/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites N2 - Nanocomposites of bisphenol A polycarbonate with 2, 4, 6, and 15 wt% multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and their use in fire retardancy are investigated. Their thermal behavior and pyrolysis are characterized using thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimeter, oscillatory shear rheology, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The flammability is addressed using LOI and UL 94; the fire behavior, with a cone calorimeter using different irradiation. With increasing MWNT content the storage modulus is increased (10-20%) and melt viscosity increases by several orders of magnitude, particularly for low shear rates. The melt flow, dripping, and deformation during fire are hindered, which influences UL 94 and cone calorimeter results. The peak heat release rate is reduced up to 40-50% due to an improved barrier for small amounts (2 wt%) of MWNT and for low irradiation, whereas the effect is reduced for increasing irradiation and nearly vanishes for increasing filling. Adjuvant but also deleterious mechanisms result in the complex dependency on the MWNT content. Significant flame retardancy effects are specific and limited to only some fire properties. This study allows the materials' potential for implementation in different fire scenarios and tests to be assessed and provides insight into active mechanisms. KW - Flame retardancy KW - Nanocomposite KW - Carbon multiwall nanotube (MWNT) KW - Cone Caorimeter KW - Flammability PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.20932 SN - 0032-3888 SN - 1548-2634 VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 149 EP - 158 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NY AN - OPUS4-16365 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Layered silicate polymer nanocomposites: new approach or illusion for fire retardancy? Investigations of the potentials and the tasks using a model system N2 - Polymeric nanocomposites are discussed as one of the most promising advanced materials whose nanoscale effects can be exploited for industry. Layered silicate polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride nanocomposites are investigated as a model to clarify the potential of such materials in terms of fire retardancy. The nanostructure is characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and shear viscosity. The fire behavior is characterized using different external heat fluxes in cone calorimeter, limiting oxygen index and UL 94 classification. A comprehensive fire behavior characterization is presented which enables an assessment of the materials’ potential with respect to different fire scenarios and fire tests. The influence of morphology and the active mechanisms are discussed, such as barrier formation and changed melt viscosity. To our knowledge, it is the first attempt to illuminate the concept’s strengths, such as the reduction of flame spread, and weaknesses, such as the lack of influence on ignitability, in a clear, comprehensive and detailed manner. KW - Fire retardancy KW - Nanocomposites KW - Cone Calorimeter KW - LOI KW - UL94 KW - Flame retardance KW - poly(propylene) (PP) KW - Organoclay PY - 2004 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jissue/109085890 SN - 1042-7147 SN - 1099-1581 VL - 15 IS - 7 SP - 355 EP - 364 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-3706 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Ebert, S. A1 - Lazik, D. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias ED - Nicoletto, G. ED - Dan Pastrama, S. ED - Emri, I. T1 - Inverse calibration routine for linear soil gas sensors N2 - Gas sensors in linear form based on the measuring principle of gas selective permeability through a membrane were developed and introduced for the detection and quantification of gas concentrations. A current field study focuses on measuring CO2 concentrations for a spatially distributed monitoring of subsurface CO2 gas storage sites in near real time. A 400 m² test site and a corresponding laboratory system were built up to characterize, validate, and optimize the sensor. A calibration routine was developed, which can be applied subsequently to underground installation. First measurement results indicate the potential of the method. T2 - 32nd Danubia Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Starý Smokovec, Slovakia DA - 22.09.2015 KW - Linear sensor KW - Distributed sensor KW - Subsurface monitoring KW - Gas storage areas KW - Membrane-based gas sensing KW - Calibration PY - 2016 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221478531600256X DO - https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2016.03.051 SN - 2214-7853 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 1074 EP - 1078 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-35633 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -