TY - JOUR A1 - Schukar, Vivien A1 - Köppe, Enrico A1 - Hofmann, Detlef A1 - Mitzkus, Anja A1 - Gong, Xin A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Beck, Uwe ED - Emri, Igor T1 - A contribution to intelligent automatic validation of structure-integrated fibre optic strain sensors JF - Materials Today: Proceedings N2 - An auto-validation tool for the reliability quantification of materials integrated fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors have been developed and tested. The FBG strain sensor was jacketed with a magnetostrictive layer based on iron-nickel which, when excited by a specific magnetic field, adds an artificial strain to the sensor. The fixed relationship between magnetic induction and wavelength shift of the FBG strain sensor characterizes the bond strength and adhesion between the sensor and the surrounding structure. Due to an easily applicable magnetic field, it is possible to validate the sensor performance in a non-contact, fast way without disturbing the data-acquisition process. T2 - 33nd Danubia Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Portorož, Slovenia DA - 20.09.2016 KW - Fiber Bragg grating KW - Self-diagnosis KW - Magnetostriction KW - Strain KW - Auto-validation PY - 2017 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785317308489 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.073 SN - 2214-7853 VL - 4 IS - 5, Part 1 SP - 5935 EP - 5939 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-41583 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - Gawlitza, Kornelia A1 - Bartelmeß, Jürgen T1 - Adaptable multi-sensor device for gas detection N2 - Innovation is the catalyst for the technology of the future. It is important to develop new and better technologies that can continuously monitor the environmental impact, e.g., for air quality control or emission detection. In the recently at BAM developed Universal Pump Sensor Control (UPSC3) module, different components and sensors are fused. The combination of the individual components makes the UPSC3 module an excellent monitoring and reference system for the development and characterization of gas specific sensors. Measurements over long periods are possible, for mixed gas loads or for certain gas measurements. The system is part of a mobile sensor network of several sensor units, which can also be used as standalone systems. The motivation and objective of this research is to develop gas sensors based on fluorescence detection with range of ppm / ppb. For this task a reference system is required, which contains volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors for reference data from different scenarios. The integrated multi-sensor unit can measure different gases through the integrated 3-fold VOC sensor, which can be adapted to the addressed scenario. . The system-integrated flow control, with pump and flow sensor, allows the gas molecules to be transported directly to the VOC sensor. The entire measurement is permanently stored on an integrated memory card. If the previously determined limit range is exceeded, an alarm is generated. The system is an important tool towards further developments in the field of gas sensors and is primarily used for the validation of chemically based gas sensors. T2 - Colloquium of Optical Spectrometry (COSP) 2017 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.11.2017 KW - Gas detection KW - Multi sensor device KW - Pump control KW - VOC PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43193 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Wu, Cheng-Chieh A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Hüllmann, Dino A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Lilienthal, A.J. T1 - Airborne remote gas sensing and mapping N2 - Leaking methane (CH4) from infrastructures, such as pipelines and landfills, is critical for the environment but can also pose a safety risk. To enable a fast detection and localization of these kind of leaks, we developed a novel robotic platform for aerial remote gas sensing. Spectroscopic measurement methods for remote sensing of selected gases lend themselves for use on mini-copters, which offer a number of advantages for inspection and surveillance over traditional methods. No direct contact with the target gas is needed and thus the influence of the aerial platform on the measured gas plume can be kept to a minimum. This allows to overcome one of the major issues with gas-sensitive mini-copters. On the other hand, remote gas sensors, most prominently Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensors have been too bulky given the payload and energy restrictions of mini-copters. Here, we present the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Remote Gas Sensing (UAV-REGAS), which combines a novel lightweight TDLAS sensor with a 3-axis aerial stabilization gimbal for aiming on a versatile hexacopter. The proposed system can be deployed in scenarios that cannot be addressed by currently available robots and thus constitutes a significant step forward for the field of Mobile Robot Olfaction (MRO). It enables tomographic reconstruction of gas plumes and a localization of gas sources. We also present first results showing its performance under realistic conditions. T2 - 5th International Conference on Smart Monitoring, Assessment and Rehabilitation of Civil Structures (SMAR 2019) CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 27.08.2019 KW - Localization of gas sources KW - Mobile Robot Olfaction KW - Tomographic reconstruction of gas plumes KW - Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) KW - UAV-REGAS PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-48789 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - Gawlitza, Kornelia A1 - Bartelmeß, Jürgen A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Hüllmann, Dino A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Lilienthal, A.J. T1 - Airborne Remote Gas Sensing and Mapping N2 - Leaking methane (CH4) from infrastructures, such as pipelines and landfills, is critical for the environment but can also pose a safety risk. To enable a fast detection and localization of these kind of leaks, we developed a novel robotic platform for aerial remote gas sensing. Spectroscopic measurement methods for remote sensing of selected gases lend themselves for use on mini-copters, which offer a number of advantages for inspection and surveillance over traditional methods. No direct contact with the target gas is needed and thus the influence of the aerial platform on the measured gas plume can be kept to a minimum. This allows to overcome one of the major issues with gas-sensitive mini-copters. On the other hand, remote gas sensors, most prominently Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensors have been too bulky given the payload and energy restrictions of mini-copters. Here, we present the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Remote Gas Sensing (UAV-REGAS), which combines a novel lightweight TDLAS sensor with a 3-axis aerial stabilization gimbal for aiming on a versatile hexacopter. The proposed system can be deployed in scenarios that cannot be addressed by currently available robots and thus constitutes a significant step forward for the field of Mobile Robot Olfaction (MRO). It enables tomographic reconstruction of gas plumes and a localization of gas sources. We also present first results showing its performance under realistic conditions. T2 - Colloquium of Optical Spectrometry (COSP) 2017 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.11.2017 KW - Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) KW - UAV-REGAS KW - Mobile Robot Olfaction KW - Tomographic reconstruction of gas plumes KW - Localization of gas sources PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43204 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lazik, D. A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Ebert, Sebastian T1 - Characteristic length measurement of a subsurface gas anomaly - an integrating monitoring approach over heterogeneous distributed gas flow paths N2 - Geogenic gases such as CH4 or CO2 from natural sources, gases (CCS-CO2, H2, Natural gas, City gas …) from a geological repository, or a leaking gas pipeline can present serious risks in industrial and urban areas where the density of infrastructural elements increases as well as above and below ground. To extend the lead time for risk treatment in such critical regions, reliable detection of gases within the shallow subsurface is required to observe critical gas accumulations before degassing into the atmosphere. A near real-time monitoring approach is introduced to determine the volumetric expansion of such a gas escaping from a leak in the subsurface. Considering the pressure relaxation with the ambient air pressure, the approach enables the forecasting of the final size of a pressurized gas body in terms of characteristic lengths. According to theoretical basics, such a characteristic length, which allows to perform a gas (safety) measurement based on a purely geometrical measure, behaves independently of subsurface properties, i.e., it enables a reliable quantification of the escaping gas, irrespective of its heterogeneous flow path distribution. A field test for a 10 l/min pinhole leakage of CO2 injected in an unsaturated Chernozemic soil (agricultural test field Bad Lauchstädt)that was equipped with linear gas sensors demonstrates the lateral-vertical volumetric gas expansion along the environment of these gas sensors, and confirms the applicability of the new characteristic length approach. T2 - UFZ EnergyDays 2017 CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 15.03.2017 KW - CO2 KW - Carbon capture and storage KW - Leakage KW - Monitoring PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-39400 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Werner, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Daum, Werner T1 - Characterization of the temperature behavior of a piezoresistive accelerometer N2 - Piezoresistive accelerometers use a strainsensing element, generally made of semiconductor material, e.g., silicon to convert the mechanical motion into an electrical signal. This element is usually designed in form of a cantilever beam loaded with a mass. Acceleration causes bending of the beam, which produces a change of electrical resistance proportional to the applied acceleration. Main advantages of piezoresistive accelerometers in comparison to other types, e.g., piezoelectric and capacitive, is their robust and highly dynamic behavior, which qualifies them for application in high impact shock applications. Mechanical damping is typically implemented with silicon oil in a way that the output signal is undistorted over a wide frequency range. These characteristics principally qualify them for the application in drop tests carried out at BAM, for which they are calibrated over the frequency range from 1 to 4 kHz. However, using silicon oil for damping, has the drawback of temperature dependent change of its viscosity, leading to temperature dependent deviation of the accelerometer’s sensitivity. This study presents experimental results of the temperature behavior of a piezoresistive accelerometer with a dynamic range up to ±5000 g. This type of accelerometer is applied for drop tests which are partially performed at temperatures of -40 or +100 °C. T2 - 34th Danubia-Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Trieste, Italy DA - 19.09.2017 KW - Piezoresistive accelerometers KW - Temperature behavior of a piezoresistive accelerometer KW - Hopkinson bar KW - Drop tests PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42095 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Werner, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Daum, Werner ED - Cosmi, F. T1 - Characterization of the temperature behavior of a piezoresistive accelerometer T2 - 34rd Danubia - Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics - Book of proceedings N2 - Piezoresistive accelerometers use a strain-sensing element, generally made of semiconductor material, e.g., silicon to convert the mechanical motion into an electrical signal. This element is usually designed in form of a cantilever beam loaded with a mass. Acceleration causes bending of the beam, which produces a change of electrical resistance proportional to the applied acceleration. Main advantages of piezoresistive accelerometers in comparison to other types, e.g., piezoelectric and capacitive, is their robust and highly dynamic behavior, which qualifies them for application in high impact shock applications. Mechanical damping is typically implemented with silicon oil in a way that the output signal is undistorted over a wide frequency range. These characteristics principally qualify them for the application in drop tests carried out at BAM, for which they are calibrated over the frequency range from 1 to 4 kHz. However, using silicon oil for damping, has the drawback of temperature dependent change of its viscosity, leading to temperature dependent deviation of the accelerometer’s sensitivity. This study presents experimental results of the temperature behavior of a piezoresistive accelerometer with a dynamic range up to ±5000 g. This type of accelerometer is applied for drop tests which are partially performed at temperatures of -40 or +100 °C. T2 - 34th Danubia-Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Trieste, Italy DA - 19.09.2017 KW - Accelerometer KW - Temperature behavior KW - Drop test PY - 2017 UR - https://www.openstarts.units.it/handle/10077/14921 SN - 978-88-8303-863-1 SP - 93 EP - 95 CY - Trieste AN - OPUS4-42109 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - Banach, Ulrich A1 - Hübert, Thomas A1 - Gawlitza, Kornelia A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Development of a gas standard generator N2 - Pollution through emission of toxic gases is an increasing problem for the environment. It affects similarly agricultural, industrial and urban areas. In future, environmental emissions in ambient air must be monitored at even lower concentrations as nowadays. One environmental relevant compound is ammonia and its conversion product ammonium that have strong negative impact on human health and ecosystems. Most ammonia measurements in ambient air are performed in the range below 1000 nmol·mol-1 and thus there is a need for reliable traceable ammonia gas standards and in addition in situ analytical procedures for monitoring (in ambient air to avoid that thresholds are exceeded). Therefore, the use of reference materials is necessary for development accompanying test or for calibration, e. g. of structure-integrated sensors and mobile multi-gas sensors. The developed gas standard generator produces gas mixtures that comply with the metrological traceability for ammonia gas standards in the desired environmentally relevant measurement range. The method is based on the permeation of ammonia through a membrane at constant temperature and pressure. The resulting ammonia penetrant gas flow is then mixed with a carrier gas flow to generate a gas standard flow of known concentration. The dynamic rage is enlarged by using a two dilution steps. Depending on the permeation rate, generable molar fractions are possible in the range nmol·mol-1 to a few µmol·mol-1. We present the design of an ammonia gas standard generator and first results of the characterisation of its individual components supporting the uncertainty assessment according to GUM for stable gas concentrations in this range. The relative uncertainty of the generated ammonia gas standard is smaller than 4 % (k = 2). T2 - Colloquium of Optical Spectrometry (COSP) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.11.2017 KW - Gas standard generator KW - Permeation method KW - Ammonia PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43337 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bartelmeß, Jürgen A1 - Gawlitza, Kornelia A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Rurack, Knut A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Mansurova, Maria A1 - Bell, Jérémy T1 - Developments towards the fluorescence based sensing of hazardous gases N2 - Fluorescence based sensing is a versatile approach for the trace analysis outside of the laboratory, requiring suitable sensor materials and their integration into sensing devices. The versatility of fluorophores as probes, especially in terms of the possibility to tailor their optical as well as their recognition properties by synthetic modifications in a wide range, renders them a superior active component for the preparation of optical sensor devices. Recent works at BAM in this field include, for example, the detection of nerve gas agents, illustrating impressively the aforementioned benefits of fluorophores in optical sensing applications. In the interdisciplinary approach presented here, we target hazardous gases such as ammonia, benzene, and hydrogen sulfide, next to others, which pose a major threat to human health and environmental safety and for which the availability of a sensitive and reliable detection method is highly desirable. The dyes presented follow a “turn-on” fluorescence schematic which allows for the selective and sensitive detection of the respective gaseous analyte. The immobilization of the probe in polymeric matrices is then the next step toward the fabrication of a prototype device for molecular sensing. T2 - Colloquium of Optical Spectrometry (COSP) 2017 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.11.2017 KW - Gas sensing KW - Fluorescence KW - KonSens PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43209 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Müller, Maximilian A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Embedded passive RFID-based sensors for moisture monitoring in concrete T2 - Proceedings of the IEEE Sensors 2017 N2 - Damages in infrastructure due to moisture amount to billions of Euros every year. For a more predictive structural health monitoring in civil engineering, the detection and monitoring of hazardous moisture in steel reinforced concrete constructions is of high interest. The sensors have to be wireless, elsewise they weaken the concrete cover of the rebars. The lifetime of such constructions is normally decades, thus the sensors have to be battery-free and fully passive. Considering these requirements, passive RFID-based sensors are developed. Communication and energy supply are realized wireless via the electromagnetic field of a RFID transmitter. The passive RFIDbased sensors are embedded into the concrete to enable the monitoring of moisture transport in porous materials. Results of the hydration process are shown. T2 - IEEE Sensors 2017 CY - Glasgow, Scotland, UK DA - 30.10.2017 KW - Embedded sensors KW - Wireless sensors KW - Passive sensors KW - RFID-based sensors KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Moisture PY - 2017 SN - 978-1-5386-4056-2 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2017.8234166 SP - 870 EP - 872 PB - IEEE AN - OPUS4-43033 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -