TY - JOUR A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Köppe, Enrico A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. T1 - Monitoring of hazardous scenarios using multi-sensor devices and sensor data fusion N2 - The combination of different types of sensors to multi-sensor devices offers excellent potential for monitoring applications. This should be demonstrated by means of four different examples of actual developments carried out by Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM): monitoring and indoor localization of relief forces, a micro-drone for gas measurement in hazardous scenarios, sensor-enabled radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags for safeguard of dangerous goods, and a multifunctional sensor for spatially resolved under-surface monitoring of gas storage areas. Objective of the presented projects is to increase the personal and technical safety in hazardous scenarios. These examples should point to application specific challenges for the applied components and infrastructure, and it should emphasize the potential of multi-sensor systems and sensor data fusion. KW - Monitoring KW - Multi-sensor KW - Hazardous scenarios KW - Data fusion PY - 2014 UR - http://www.iariajournals.org/systems_and_measurements/sysmea_v7_n34_2014_paged.pdf SN - 1942-261x VL - 7 IS - 3/4 SP - 193 EP - 200 PB - IARIA CY - [S.l.] AN - OPUS4-32509 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Werner, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Ebert, Sebastian A1 - Lazik, D. T1 - Linear sensor for areal subsurface gas monitoring - calibration routine and validation experiments N2 - Membrane based linear gas sensors and fiber optical sensors feature similar geometries and complement each other in quantities to be measured. To the author's best knowledge, it is the first time that these sensors are combined to a multifunctional sensor for distributed measuring of gas concentrations, temperature, and strain. Objective is a comprehensive monitoring of underground gas storage areas. In the presented project a 400 m² test site and a corresponding laboratory system were just built up to characterize, validate, and optimize the combined sensor. Application of the sensor lines in a grid structure should enable spatial resolution of the measurement data and early detection of relevant events, as gas leakage, temperature change, or mechanical impact. A Calibration routine was developed which can be applied subsequent to underground installation. First measurement results indicate the potential of the method, with regard to highly topical energy transport and storage issues. T2 - IEEE Sensors 2014 conference CY - Valencia, Spain DA - 02.11.2014 KW - Linear sensor KW - Distributed sensor KW - Monitoring of CO2 KW - Subsurface monitoring KW - Gas storage areas KW - Membrane-based gas sensing KW - Fibre optical sensing PY - 2014 SN - 978-1-4799-0161-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2014.6985157 SP - 942 EP - 945 AN - OPUS4-32083 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lazik, D. A1 - Ebert, Sebastian A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Pipeline monitoring with linear gas sensors N2 - Comprehensive monitoring of pipelines over their full length is technically difficult and expensive. Considering a cost-benefit ratio it is reasonable to implement monitoring solutions in pipeline segments, which bear a high risk potential, like residential areas, construction sites, slopes, street or river crossings. Still such segments can measure up to several hundred meters in length, demanding for monitoring solutions that extend along such distances and enable fast response. Point wise sensing and periodical surveillance have clear drawbacks, particularly regarding early damage detection. Fibre optic sensors enable distributed sensing of temperature and strain, but they offer very limited possibilities for measuring gas concentrations. Linear membrane-based gas sensors enable the monitoring of gas concentrations alongside a pipeline. Such line-sensors are implemented in form of flexible tubes and can be arranged inside or outside the pipeline (also underwater or within the subsurface), corresponding to the technical requirements. The measuring method combines the gas specific diffusion rates through a membrane with Dalton’s law of partial pressures and enables the calculation of gas concentrations or the detection of a change of the gas composition. The objective is to detect gas leakages fast and with high reliability. Furthermore, the calibrated system enables to estimate the spatial extent of a leakage. So far the gas concentration measurement is tested for oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane; further gases should follow, e.g. hydrogen, carbon monoxide or mixtures like natural gas. The paper introduces in the different operating modes of line-sensors. A near real-time approach will be demonstrated to quantify the impact of a gas leak on the near environment. This approach is based on a critical length describing the expansion of the leaking gas. T2 - 9th Pipeline technology conference 2014 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.05.2014 KW - Multi-sensor system KW - Condition monitoring KW - Safety management KW - Hazardous scenarios KW - Data fusion PY - 2014 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-30727 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Mikrodrohne zur Gasmessung in Gefahrenszenarien KW - Mikrodrohne KW - UAV KW - Gefahrenszenarien KW - Gasmessung KW - Windvektorbestimmung KW - Sensortechnik PY - 2014 SP - 1 EP - 21 PB - BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung CY - Berlin ET - Abschlussbericht / BAM Vh 8144 AN - OPUS4-31425 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Bennetts, V. H. A1 - Lilienthal, A.J. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - From Insects to Micro Air Vehicles - A Comparison of Reactive Plume Tracking Strategies N2 - Insect behavior is a common source of inspiration for roboticists and computer scientists when designing gas-sensitive mobile robots. More specifically, tracking airborne odor plumes and localization of distant gas sources are abilities that suit practical applications such as leak localization and emission monitoring. Gas sensing with mobile robots has been mostly addressed with ground-based platforms and under simplified conditions and thus, there exist a significant gap between the outstanding insect abilities and state of the art robotics systems. As a step towards practical applications, we evaluated the performance of three biologically inspired plume tracking algorithms. The evaluation is carried out not only with computer simulations, but also with real-world experiments in which, a quadrocopter-based micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicle autonomously follows a methane trail towards the emitting source. Compared to ground robots, micro UAVs bring several advantages such as their superior steering capabilities and fewer mobility restrictions in complex terrains. The experimental evaluation shows that, under certain environmental conditions, insect like behavior in gas-sensitive UAVs is feasible in real world environments. T2 - 13th International Conference on Intelligent Autonomous Systems (IAS) CY - Padova, Italy DA - 15.07.2014 KW - Autonomous micro UAV KW - Mobile robot olfaction KW - Gas source localization KW - Reactive plume tracking KW - Biologically inspired robots PY - 2014 SP - 1 EP - 12 AN - OPUS4-43920 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Werner, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Erdmann, Jessica A1 - Eggeringhaus, Bärbel A1 - Kammermeier, Michael A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Basedau, Frank A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Lazik, D. A1 - Ebert, Sebastian T1 - Setup of a large scale soil test field with CO2 injection for testing a novel distributed subsurface monitoring system for gas storage areas N2 - One of the main unsolved issues of under-ground storages for, e.g., CO2, H2, and natural gas is the comprehensive surveillance of these areas with reasonable effort and costs. Conventional sensors (e.g., soil air probes or borehole probes), however, can only be used for punctual or locally limited measurements; further their application can cause structural influences (invasive application). In this paper, we describe in detail the setup of a CO2 injection soil test field. This test field will be used to enhance and validate an innovative ap-proach for distributed subsurface monitoring of gas storage areas. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first time that, for this purpose, a test field is built in an application relevant scale. T2 - 31st Danubia-Adria Symposium on advances in experimental mechanics CY - Kempten, Germany DA - 24.09.2014 KW - Large scale soil test field KW - Subsurface monitoring KW - Gas storage areas KW - Membrane-based gas sensing KW - Fiber optical sensing PY - 2014 SN - 978-3-00-046740-0 SP - 238 EP - 239 AN - OPUS4-31527 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Schnürmacher, M. A1 - Bennetts, V.H. A1 - Lilienthal, A.J. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Schiller, J.H. T1 - A probabilistic gas patch path prediction approach for airborne gas source localization in non-uniform wind fields N2 - In this paper, we show that a micro unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with commercially available gas sensors can address environmental monitoring and gas source localization (GSL) tasks. To account for the challenges of gas sensing under real-world conditions, we present a probabilistic approach to GSL that is based on a particle filter (PF). Simulation and real-world experiments demonstrate the suitability of this algorithm for micro UAV platforms. KW - Autonomous micro UAV KW - Chemical and wind sensing KW - Gas source localization KW - Particle filter PY - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2014.3168 SN - 1546-198X SN - 1546-1971 VL - 12 IS - 6/7 SP - 1113 EP - 1118 PB - American Scientific Publishers (ASP) CY - Stevenson Ranch, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-31525 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -