TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Lazik, D. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias ED - Emri, Igor T1 - Validation of membrane-based linear soil gas sensors under field conditions N2 - A 400 m2 soil test field with gas injection system was built up, which enables an experimental validation of linear membrane-based gas sensors – a sensor technology which was developed based on the selective permeation of gases through membranes. Several soil watering and injection experiments with carbon dioxide at different days with varying boundary conditions were performed showing that the sensor behaves mostly insensitive to the environmental conditions investigated, i.e., barometric pressure fluctuations, soil temperature, air temperature and humidity, sun duration, and wind speed. Furthermore, depending on water infiltration, a gas phase displacement could be observed in-situ based on the changed measurement signal. The results of the validation experiments highlight the potential of the method for rapid leak detection and localization qualifying the sensor particularly for safety applications, e.g., in underground gas storage areas. T2 - 33nd Danubia Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Portorož, Slovenia DA - 20.09.2016 KW - Distributed linear sensor KW - Membrane-based gas sensing KW - Subsurface monitoring KW - Gas storage areas KW - Validation PY - 2017 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785317308404 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.065 SN - 2214-7853 VL - 4 IS - 5, Part 1 SP - 5893 EP - 5897 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-41584 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Werner, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Kammermeier, Michael A1 - Köppe, Enrico T1 - Erprobung eines Messsystems mit Datenbus und dezentraler Datenspeicherung für den Einsatz bei Fallprüfungen N2 - Zur Untersuchung der Sicherheit von Behältern für den Transport und die Lagerung von Gefahrstoffen und -gütern werden Fallprüfungen durchgeführt. Die Aufpralldynamik und die strukturmechanischen Einwirkungen auf den Behälter werden mittels Beschleunigungsaufnehmern und Dehnungsmessstreifen erfasst. Dabei kommen derzeit Vielkanalmesssysteme zum Einsatz, die eine Verkabelung jeder einzelnen Messstelle und somit das Mitfallen eines Kabelbaums erfordern, wodurch Probleme bei der Versuchsvorbereitung und Durchführung entstehen. Die Verwendung eines Messsystems mit Datenbus und dezentraler Datenspeicherung bietet diesbezüglich einen vielversprechenden Lösungsansatz. KW - Vielkanalmesssystem KW - Datenbus KW - Gefahrstoffe KW - Behälter KW - Fallprüfung KW - Hopkinsonstab KW - Multichannel measuring system KW - Data bus KW - Dangerous goods KW - Container KW - Drop test KW - Hopkinson bar PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1524/teme.2009.0945 SN - 0340-837X SN - 0178-2312 SN - 0171-8096 VL - 76 IS - 10 SP - 447 EP - 454 PB - Oldenbourg CY - München AN - OPUS4-20284 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Knoll, Uta T1 - Some comments on the use of cone calorimeter data N2 - The cone calorimeter has become one of the most important and widely used instruments for the research and development of fire retarded polymeric materials. The paper addresses three important ways in which the principal setup influences the results — factors which sometimes do not receive due consideration when drawing conclusions. The paper discusses in detail the impact on cone calorimeter results of the choice of external heat flux, the influence on the peak of heat release rate of sample thickness and thermal feedback from the back of the sample, and the influence on irradiance of the horizontal and vertical distances from the cone heater. KW - Cone Calorimeter KW - Fire retardancy KW - Fire testing KW - Nanocomposites KW - Intumescence PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.12.016 SN - 0141-3910 SN - 1873-2321 VL - 88 IS - 3 SP - 540 EP - 547 PB - Applied Science Publ. CY - London AN - OPUS4-7211 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Kunze, Ralf A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Neubert, Dietmar A1 - Schriever, Robert T1 - TG-MS and TG-FTIR applied for an unambiguous thermal analysis of intumescent coatings N2 - Thermogravimetry (TG), thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectroscopy (TG-MS) and thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) were used to characterise the thermo-oxidative behaviour of two intumescent coating materials. The temperature dependence, the corresponding volatile products and the amount of residue of the different processes were determined. Using both TG-MS and TG-FTIR results in an unambiguous interpretation of the volatile products. Characteristics such as the influence of endothermic reactions, the release of non-flammable gases, the dehydrogenation enhancing the char formation and the stability of the cellular char were discussed in detail. It was demonstrated, that TG, TG-MS and TG-FTIR are powerful methods to investigate mechanisms in intumescent coatings and that they are suitable methods in respect to quality assurance and unambiguous identification of such materials. KW - Intumescent coating materials KW - TG KW - TG-FTIR KW - TG-MS PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022272707412 SN - 1388-6150 SN - 1418-2874 SN - 0368-4466 SN - 1572-8943 VL - 70 IS - 3 SP - 897 EP - 909 PB - Kluwer Academic Publ. CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-2133 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Schriever, Robert A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Influence of external heat flux and coating thickness on the thermal insulation properties of two different intumescent coatings using cone calorimeter and numerical analysis N2 - Polymeric intumescent coatings are fire protective materials that increase their thermal resistance when exposed to high temperatures to prevent building structures from damage. The idea of the investigation was to develop a simple test method to determine the time dependent thermal conductivity of intumescent coatings. Therefore steel plates were coated with two different intumescent systems. During cone calorimeter tests the temperature at the back side of the coated plates was measured. These results were used to calculate the time dependent thermal resistance of the protective layer with the simulation program IOPT2D for different external heat fluxes and different layer thickness. KW - Intumescent coatings KW - Thermal resistance KW - Cone calorimetry KW - Numerical analysis PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.823 SN - 0308-0501 SN - 1099-1018 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 151 EP - 162 PB - Heyden CY - London AN - OPUS4-2633 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Layered silicate polymer nanocomposites: new approach or illusion for fire retardancy? Investigations of the potentials and the tasks using a model system N2 - Polymeric nanocomposites are discussed as one of the most promising advanced materials whose nanoscale effects can be exploited for industry. Layered silicate polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride nanocomposites are investigated as a model to clarify the potential of such materials in terms of fire retardancy. The nanostructure is characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and shear viscosity. The fire behavior is characterized using different external heat fluxes in cone calorimeter, limiting oxygen index and UL 94 classification. A comprehensive fire behavior characterization is presented which enables an assessment of the materials’ potential with respect to different fire scenarios and fire tests. The influence of morphology and the active mechanisms are discussed, such as barrier formation and changed melt viscosity. To our knowledge, it is the first attempt to illuminate the concept’s strengths, such as the reduction of flame spread, and weaknesses, such as the lack of influence on ignitability, in a clear, comprehensive and detailed manner. KW - Fire retardancy KW - Nanocomposites KW - Cone Calorimeter KW - LOI KW - UL94 KW - Flame retardance KW - poly(propylene) (PP) KW - Organoclay PY - 2004 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jissue/109085890 SN - 1042-7147 SN - 1099-1581 VL - 15 IS - 7 SP - 355 EP - 364 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-3706 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartwig, A. A1 - Pütz, D. A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Wendschuh-Josties, M. T1 - Combustion behaviour of epoxide based nanocomposites with ammonium and phosponium bentonites N2 - The influence of different organobentonites on the decomposition and the combustion behaviour of an epoxy resin were examined. The epoxy resin is a cationically polymerised cycloaliphatic epoxy resin flexibilised with poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF), with hydroxyl endgroups. The bentonite was modified with either an ammonium or a phosphonium salt. The thermal decomposition of the PTHF induced by the initiator, used for the cationic polymerisation, did neither take place for the nanocomposite based on the ammonium bentonite nor for that based on the phosphonium bentonite. This improved decomposition characteristic lead to a larger time to ignition for both kinds of nanocomposites compared to the not modified polymer, which is not the case for other polymer/clay nanocomposites described in the literature. The fire behaviour was investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), a horizontal burner test and a cone calorimeter. The forced flaming conditions in the cone calorimeter were varied using different external heat fluxes between 30 and 70 kW · m-2. The fire behaviour of the nanocomposites was improved in comparison to the polymer, and phosphonium bentonite was superior to ammonium bentonite. The main mechanism is a barrier formation resulting in a reduction of the fire growth rate, which was more pronounced in the case of high external heat fluxes. KW - Cationic polymerisation KW - Clay KW - Combustion KW - Degradation KW - Epoxide KW - Nanocomposite PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.200300047 SN - 1022-1352 SN - 1521-3935 VL - 204 IS - 18 SP - 2247 EP - 2257 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-2801 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Knoll, Uta T1 - Some comments on the main fire retardancy mechanisms in polymer nanocomposites N2 - Barrier formation and increasing the melt viscosity are addressed as the two main general fire retardancy mechanisms of polymer nanocomposites. They result in specific impacts on fire properties that consequentially cause varying flame retardancy efficiency in different fire tests. The barrier formation retards mainly flame spread (peak of heat release rate) in developing fires, but does not reduce fire load (total heat evolved), ignitability or flammability (limiting oxygen index, UL 94). Furthermore, this flame retardancy effect increases with increasing irradiation and vanishes with decreasing irradiation. The increased melt viscosity prevents dripping, which is beneficial or disadvantageous depending on the fire test used. In some test, it become the dominant influence, transforming self-extinguishing samples into flammable materials or causing wicking. Advantages and the limits are sketched comprehensively for exploiting the main general fire retardancy mechanisms of polymer nanocomposites. It is concluded that barrier formation and changing the melt viscosity in nanocomposites are not sufficient for most applications, but must be accompanied by additional mechanisms in special systems or in combination with other flame retardants. KW - Flame retardance KW - Nanocomposites KW - Organoclay KW - Cone calorimeter KW - Flammability PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.792 SN - 1042-7147 SN - 1099-1581 VL - 17 IS - 9-10 SP - 772 EP - 777 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-13868 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Assessing the performance of intumescent coatings using bench-scaled cone calorimeter and finite difference simulations N2 - A method was developed to assess the heat insulation performance of intumescent coatings. The method consists of temperature measurements using the bench-scaled experimental set-up of a cone calorimeter and finite difference simulation to calculate the effective thermal conductivity dependent on time/temperature. This simulation procedure was also adapted to the small scale test furnace, in which the standard time-temperature curve is applied to a larger sample and thus which provides results relevant for approval. Investigations on temperature and calculated effective thermal conduction were performed on intumescent coatings in both experimental set-ups using various coating thicknesses. The results correspond to each other as well as showing the limits of transferability between both fire tests. It is shown that bench-scaled cone calorimeter tests are a valuable tool for assessing and predicting the performance of intumescent coatings in larger tests relevant for approval. The correlation fails for processes at surface temperatures above 750°C, which are not reached in the cone calorimeter, but are attained in the small scale furnace set-up. KW - Intumescent coatings KW - Cone calorimetry KW - Numerical analysis KW - Small scale test furnace PY - 2007 SN - 0308-0501 SN - 1099-1018 VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 187 EP - 205 PB - Heyden CY - London AN - OPUS4-14645 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Knoll, Uta A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Goering, Harald A1 - Neubert, Dietmar A1 - Pötschke, P. T1 - Mechanical, Thermal, and Fire Behavior of Bisphenol A Polycarbonate/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites N2 - Nanocomposites of bisphenol A polycarbonate with 2, 4, 6, and 15 wt% multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and their use in fire retardancy are investigated. Their thermal behavior and pyrolysis are characterized using thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimeter, oscillatory shear rheology, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The flammability is addressed using LOI and UL 94; the fire behavior, with a cone calorimeter using different irradiation. With increasing MWNT content the storage modulus is increased (10-20%) and melt viscosity increases by several orders of magnitude, particularly for low shear rates. The melt flow, dripping, and deformation during fire are hindered, which influences UL 94 and cone calorimeter results. The peak heat release rate is reduced up to 40-50% due to an improved barrier for small amounts (2 wt%) of MWNT and for low irradiation, whereas the effect is reduced for increasing irradiation and nearly vanishes for increasing filling. Adjuvant but also deleterious mechanisms result in the complex dependency on the MWNT content. Significant flame retardancy effects are specific and limited to only some fire properties. This study allows the materials' potential for implementation in different fire scenarios and tests to be assessed and provides insight into active mechanisms. KW - Flame retardancy KW - Nanocomposite KW - Carbon multiwall nanotube (MWNT) KW - Cone Caorimeter KW - Flammability PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.20932 SN - 0032-3888 SN - 1548-2634 VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 149 EP - 158 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NY AN - OPUS4-16365 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. T1 - Adaptive ortsaufgelöste Gaskonzentrationsmessung mit einer Mikrodrohne KW - Gasmessung KW - Gasemission KW - Emissionskontrolle KW - Windvektor KW - Mikrodrohne KW - Data-Mapping KW - Gas measurement KW - Gas emission KW - Emission control KW - Wind vector KW - Micro-drone KW - Data mapping PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1524/teme.2011.0158 SN - 0340-837X SN - 0178-2312 SN - 0171-8096 VL - 78 IS - 10 SP - 470 EP - 478 PB - Oldenbourg CY - München AN - OPUS4-24652 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hohendorf, Stefan A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Intelligente Gefahrgutbehälter - IBC mit Gedächtnis N2 - Trotz strenger gesetzlicher Regelungen kommt es immer wieder zu schwerwiegenden Unfällen und Mängeln beim Transport und der Lagerung von Gefahrgütern. Die Ursachen dafür sind oft technisches, aber auch menschliches Versagen. Nicht zu unterschätzen ist die ständig wachsende Anzahl von Gefahrguttransporten auf deutschen Straßen. Waren 2002 noch 126 Mio. t Fracht mit Gefahrguttransporten im Straßenverkehr unterwegs, stieg die Frachtmenge im Jahr 2008 bereits auf 171 Mio. t. In den letzen Jahren ereigneten sich nach Angaben des statistischen Bundesamtes etwa 300 schwere Unfälle, an denen Gefahrguttransporte beteiligt waren. Allein 2009 wurden 1 372 Unfälle mit wassergefährdenden Stoffen registriert, wobei insgesamt 376 000 l wassergefährdende Stoffe freigesetzt wurden. KW - Gefahrgut KW - RFID KW - BAM Datenbank Gefahrgut KW - Monitoring KW - Ladungsssicherung PY - 2012 UR - http://www.technischesicherheit.de/ts/currentarticle.php?data[article_id]=67080 SN - 2191-0073 VL - 2 IS - 5 SP - 2 EP - 4 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-25904 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Goedecke, Thomas T1 - Ständig überwacht N2 - Mit dem Projekt SIGRID will die BAM Transpondertechnik für Gefahrguttransporte nutzbar machen. KW - Gefahrgut KW - RFID KW - BAM Datenbank Gefahrgut KW - Monitoring KW - Ladungssicherung PY - 2012 SN - 0944-6117 VL - 1 SP - 18 EP - 19 PB - Vogel CY - München AN - OPUS4-25324 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Lazik, D. T1 - Multifunctional sensor for monitoring of CO2 underground storage by comprehensive and spatially resolved measuring of gas concentrations, temperature and structural changes N2 - One of the main unsolved issues of CCS is the comprehensive surveillance of CO2 storage areas with reasonable effort and costs. This study presents an approach for distributed subsurface monitoring of gas storage areas. The concept combines different measurement technologies to one multifunctional sensor: membrane based measurement technology for in situ monitoring of gases in soil and fibre optical sensing of temperature and strain (as a measure for structural change). A test field of application-relevant dimensions is built up to validate and optimize the technology. T2 - GHGT 11 - Greenhouse gas control technologies conference CY - Kyoto, Japan DA - 18.11.2012 KW - Multifunctional sensor KW - Distributed sensor KW - Monitoring of CO2 KW - Subsurface monitoring KW - Gas storage areas KW - Membrane-based gas sensing KW - Fibre optical sensing PY - 2013 UR - http://reginnovations.org/key-scientific-articles/multifunctional-sensor-monitoring-co2-underground-storage-comprehensive-spatially-resolved-measuring-gas-concentrations-temperature-structural-changes/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.303 SN - 1876-6102 VL - 37 SP - 4033 EP - 4040 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-28910 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Asadi, S. A1 - Hernandez Bennetts, V. A1 - Lilienthal, A.J. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Monitoring of CCS areas using micro unmanned aerial vehicles (MUAVs) N2 - Carbon capture & storage (CCS) is one of the most promising technologies for greenhouse gas (GHG) management. However, an unsolved issue of CCS is the development of appropriate long-term monitoring systems for leak detection of the stored CO2. To complement already existing monitoring infrastructure for CO2 storage areas, and to increase the granularity of gas concentration measurements, a quickly deployable, mobile measurement device is needed. In this paper, we present an autonomous gas-sensitive micro-drone, which can be used to monitor GHG emissions, more specifically, CO2. Two different measurement strategies are proposed to address this task. First, the use of predefined sensing trajectories is evaluated for the task of gas distribution mapping using the micro-drone. Alternatively, we present an adaptive strategy, which suggests sampling points based on an artificial potential field (APF). The results of real-world experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using gas-sensitive micro-drones for GHG monitoring missions. Thus, we suggest a multi-layered surveillance system for CO2 storage areas. T2 - GHGT 11 - Greenhouse gas control technologies conference CY - Kyoto, Japan DA - 18.11.2012 KW - Gas-sensitive micro-drone KW - Gas distribution mapping KW - Sensor planning KW - Artificial potential field KW - CCS PY - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-289119 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.320 SN - 1876-6102 VL - 37 SP - 4182 EP - 4190 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-28911 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. T1 - Fliegende Aufspürer - Gasmessung und Gasquellenlokalisierung mit einer Mikrodrohne N2 - Mikrodrohnen, auch bezeichnet als unbemannte Luftfahrzeuge (engl. unmanned aerial vehicles, UAV), halten als moderne Plattform für Überwachungstechnik Einzug in diverse Anwendungsgebiete. Am weitesten verbreitet ist der Einsatz von Foto- und Videotechnik zur Beobachtung und Dokumentation unterschiedlichster Vorgänge und Situationen aus dem Luftraum. Die technische Entwicklung auf dem Gebiet der Messtechnik und Sensorik ermöglicht aber auch die Integration von Nutzlasten zur Erfassung anderer Messgrößen, wie z.B. der Messung von Gaskonzentrationen. KW - Mikrodrohne KW - Gasmessung KW - Gasquellenlokalisierung KW - Mobile Sensorik PY - 2013 SN - 2191-3803 VL - 4 SP - 30 EP - 33 PB - Succidia AG, Verl. und Kommunikation CY - Darmstadt AN - OPUS4-29070 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Kammermeier, Michael A1 - Werner, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Köppe, Tabea T1 - Single cable, multichannel measuring system for heavy load, high impact drop tests N2 - Multichannel measuring systems are used to measure strains and accelerations during drop tests of containments for dangerous goods. Conventional systems require cabling of each sensor and co-falling of the cable harness, causing problems in the test preparation and execution. Promising results of a single cable measuring system, consisting of measuring modules with data bus connection and local data acquisition were presented in a previous study. This paper follows up with results from laboratory and full-scale testing of an further enhanced single cable system for the application in drop tests. N2 - Vielkanalmesssysteme werden zur Messung von Dehnungen und Beschleunigungen bei Fallversuchen von Gefahrstoffbehältern eingesetzt. Konventionelle Systeme erfordern die Verkabelung jeder einzelnen Messstelle und somit das Mitfallen eines Kabelbaums, wodurch Probleme bei der Versuchsvorbereitung und Durchführung entstehen. In einer vorangegangenen Studie wurden vielversprechende Ergebnisse durch Verwendung eines 1-Kabelmesssystems mit Datenbus und dezentraler Datenspeicherung erzielt. Dieser Artikel beinhaltet weiterführende Ergebnisse aus Labor- und Realversuchen mit einem weiterentwickelten System zur Anwendung bei Fallversuchen. KW - Multichannel measuring system KW - Single cable measuring KW - Dangerous goods container KW - Drop test KW - High Impact testing KW - Hopkinson bar KW - Vielkanalmesssystem KW - Gefahrstoffe KW - Behälter KW - Fallprüfung KW - Hochdynamische Prüfung KW - Hopkinsonstab PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1524/teme.2013.0033 SN - 0340-837X SN - 0178-2312 SN - 0171-8096 N1 - Geburtsname von Köppe, Tabea: Wilk, T. - Birth name of Köppe, Tabea: Wilk, T. VL - 80 IS - 7-8 SP - 249 EP - 255 PB - Oldenbourg CY - München AN - OPUS4-28963 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Bennetts, V.H. A1 - Lilienthal, A.J. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Schiller, J.H. T1 - Gas source localization with a micro-drone using bio-inspired and particle filter-based algorithms N2 - Gas source localization (GSL) with mobile robots is a challenging task due to the unpredictable nature of gas dispersion, the limitations of the currents sensing technologies, and the mobility constraints of ground-based robots. This work proposes an integral solution for the GSL task, including source declaration. We present a novel pseudo-gradient-based plume tracking algorithm and a particle filter-based source declaration approach, and apply it on a gas-sensitive micro-drone. We compare the performance of the proposed system in simulations and real-world experiments against two commonly used tracking algorithms adapted for aerial exploration missions. KW - Autonomous micro UAV KW - Chemical and wind sensing KW - Gas source localization KW - Particle filter PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/01691864.2013.779052 SN - 0169-1864 SP - 725 EP - 738 PB - VNU Sciences Pr. CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-28010 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Van Bocxlaer, A. T1 - RFID-Sensor-Transponder in Beton N2 - Sensor-Transponder-Lösung der BAM ermöglicht automatisiertes Brückenmonitoring und Predictive Maintenance und detektiert Korrosion in Beton. KW - RFID-Sensorsysteme KW - Bauteilintegrierte Sensoren KW - Betonkorrosion KW - Structural health monitoring PY - 2017 SN - 1860-5907 VL - 2017 IS - 5 SP - 46 EP - 49 PB - Verlag & Freie Medien, Lüneburg CY - Lüneburg AN - OPUS4-40873 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mansurova, Maria A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Rurack, Knut A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Bell, Jérémy T1 - On-Site Analytical Tool Based on Crude Oil Fluorescence and Chemometrics for the Rapid Determination of the Nature and Essential Properties of Oil Spills N2 - With the reduction of large oil spills because of stricter regulations and safety measures, the question of how to manage smaller oil spills arises. Few on-site analytical tools are available for first responders or other law enforcement personnel to rapidly test for crude oil in the early management of localized polluted areas. The approach reported here relies on well-described computer-assisted multivariate data analysis of the intrinsic fluorescence fingerprints of crude oils to build a multivariate model for the rapid classification of crude oils and the prediction of their properties. Thanks to a dedicated robust portable reader, the method allowed classification and accurate prediction of various properties of crude oil samples like density (according to API, the American Petroleum Institute and viscosity as well as composition parameters such as volume fractions of paraffins or aromatics. In this way, autonomous operation in on-site or in-the-field applications becomes possible based on the direct (undiluted and untreated) measurement of samples and a rapid, tablet-operated readout system to yield a robust and simple analytical test with superior performance. Testing in real-life scenarios allowed the successful classification and prediction of a number of oil spill samples as well as weathered samples that closely resemble samples collected by first responders. KW - Oil spills KW - Fluorescence KW - PCA KW - Petroleum KW - Rapid test KW - Portable PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-595442 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.3c00648 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 621 EP - 627 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-59544 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mansurova, Maria A1 - Gotor, Raúl A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Rurack, Knut A1 - Bell, Jérémy T1 - Fluorescent Hydrophobic Test Strips with Sterically Integrated Molecular Rotors for the Detection of Hydrocarbons in Water and Soil with an Embedded Optical Read-Out N2 - Contamination of natural bodies of water or soil with oils and lubricants (or generally, hydrocarbon derivatives such as petrol, fuels, and others) is a commonly found phenomenon around the world due to the extensive production, transfer, and use of fossil fuels. In this work, we develop a simple system for the on-field detection of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in water and soil. The test is based on the measurement of the fluorescence signal emitted by the molecular rotor 2-[ethyl[4-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]ethanol (4-DNS-OH). This dye is embedded in a hydrophobic polymeric matrix (polyvinylidene fluoride), avoiding interactions with water and providing a robust support for use in a test strip fashion. Together with the strips, an embedded optical system was designed for fluorescence signal read-out, featuring a Bluetooth low-energy connection to a commercial tablet device for data processing and analysis. This system works for the detection and quantification of TPHs in water and soil through a simple extraction protocol using a cycloalkane solvent with a limit of detection of 6 ppm. Assays in surface and sea waters were conclusive, proving the feasibility of the method for in-the-field operation. KW - Test strip KW - Sensor KW - Smartphone KW - Fluorescence KW - Test Streifen KW - Sensoren KW - Fluoreszenz KW - Petrol KW - Öl PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01175 SN - 0887-0624 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, United States AN - OPUS4-57892 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moufid, M. A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - El Bari, N. A1 - Hamada, D. A. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Bouchikhi, B. T1 - Pollution parameters evaluation of wastewater collected at different treatment stages from wastewater treatment plant based on E-nose and E-tongue systems combined with chemometric techniques N2 - Wastewater contains harmful chemicals and heavy metals that are known to cause various environmental and health problems. Therefore, the water quality control using sensitive, simple, fast, accurate, and portable tools is of great importance. This study aimed to evaluate the pollution parameters of wastewaters collected at different treatment stages from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) that treats domestic and industrial wastewaters by using an electronic nose (E-nose) and a voltammetric electronic tongue (E-tongue) combined with chemometric techniques. Water and wastewater pollution parameters determination were performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for the determination of cations, and anions by using ion chromatography. Chemometric techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), were used to process the E-nose and E-tongue datasets to describe the similarities between the samples. In addition, Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) model was constructed using electronic sensing data to simultaneously predict the concentration values of physicochemical parameters. The obtained correlation coefficient, for training and testing sets, is higher than 0.91 for the prediction of the concentration of all physicochemical parameters, except for iron (Fe) which remains 0.84. These results suggest that simple, portable, and inexpensive tools such as electronic nose and tongue are suitable for wastewater analysis. KW - Wastewater KW - Electronic nose KW - Voltammetric electronic tongue KW - Water quality control KW - Chemometric techniques KW - Gas sensing PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2022.104593 VL - 227 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-55652 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Asadi, S. A1 - Lilienthal, A.J. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Schiller, J.H. T1 - Autonomous gas-sensitive microdrone - wind vector estimation and gas distribution mapping N2 - This article presents the development and validation of an autonomous, gas sensitive microdrone that is capable of estimating the wind vector in real time using only the onboard control unit of the microdrone and performing gas distribution mapping (DM). Two different sampling approaches are suggested to address this problem. On the one hand, a predefined trajectory is used to explore the target area with the microdrone in a real-world gas DM experiment. As an alternative sampling approach, we introduce an adaptive strategy that suggests next sampling points based on an artificial potential field (APF). Initial results in real-world experiments demonstrate the capability of the proposed adaptive sampling strategy for gas DM and its use for gas source localization. KW - Anemometric sensor KW - Autonomous micro UAV KW - Chemical sensing KW - Gas distribution modelling KW - Gas source localization KW - Gas sensors KW - Mobile sensing system KW - Quadrocopter KW - Sensor planning KW - Artificial potential field PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/MRA.2012.2184671 SN - 1070-9932 VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 50 EP - 61 PB - IEEE CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-25773 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moufid, M. A1 - Hofmann, Michael A1 - El Bari, N. A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Bouchikhi, B. T1 - Wastewater monitoring by means of e-nose, VE-tongue, TD-GC-MS, and SPME-GC-MS N2 - The presence of wastewater and air pollution has become an important risk factor for citizens, not only in terms of problems related to health risks, but also because of its negative impact on the country's image. For this reason, malodorous emission monitoring and control techniques are in high demand in urban areas and industries. The aim of this work is first to build an electronic nose (e-nose) and a Voltammetric Electronic tongue (VE-tongue) in order to study their ability to discriminate between polluted and clean environmental samples. Secondly, Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC-MS), and Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) are utilized to explain this discrimination by identifying specific compounds from these samples. Indeed, the e-nose, consisted of metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors, is used for the assessment of the studied odorous air and headspace samples from water and wastewater sites. Moreover, the VE-tongue, based on metal electrodes, is utilized to determine the patterns of the sensor array responses, which serve as fingerprints profiles of the analyzed liquid samples. Chemometric tools, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are operated for the processing of data from the e-nose and the VE-tongue. By using the both systems, the analyses of headspace and liquid samples from the seven sites allow better discrimination. To explain the cause of the obtained discrimination, TD-GC-MS and SPME-GC-MS analyses are well performed to identify compounds related sites. According to these outcomes, the proposed e-nose and VE-tongue are proved to be rapid and valuable tools for analysis of environmental polluted matrices. KW - Wastewater KW - Electronic nose KW - Voltammetric electronic tongue KW - Thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry KW - Solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121450 VL - 221 SP - 121450 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-51099 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moufid, M. A1 - Bouchikhi, B. A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - El Bari, N. T1 - Assessment of outdoor odor emissions from polluted sites using simultaneous thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS), electronic nose in conjunction with advanced multivariate statistical approaches N2 - Poor air quality, particularly in urban areas, causes various diseases and degrades living standards. Air Quality could be affected by emissions of odor, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and other gases. Therefore, assessment and monitoring of odorous air quality using sensitive, simple, rapid, accurate and portable tools is very important for public health. This study aimed to characterize odor emissions to detect malfunctions in facilities and to prevent air pollution and olfactory nuisance in the environment. A gas chromatographic method, in conjunction with sensorial analysis were performed for odorous air samples analysis collected from neighborhood of Meknes city (Morocco). Advanced multivariate statistical approaches, such as Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), were used to describe samples similarities. The electronic nose (e-nose) data processing exhibits a satisfactory discrimination between the odorous air samples. Twenty-four VOCs with known molecular formulas were identified with Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). A validated Partial Least Square (PLS) model foresees good calibration between e-nose measurement and TD-GCMS analysis. The finding indicates that TD-GC–MS approach in conjunction with e-nose unit could be suitable tool for environmental measurement-based odor emissions. KW - Electronic nose KW - TD-GC-MS KW - PLS regression KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Outdoor odor emissions PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118449 SN - 1352-2310 VL - 256 SP - 118449 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-52626 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Hüllmann, Dino A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias ED - Pastramă, Ş. D. ED - Constantinescu, D. M. T1 - Concept of a gas-sensitive nano aerial robot swarm for indoor air quality monitoring N2 - In this paper, we introduce a nano aerial robot swarm for indoor air quality monitoring applications such as occupational health and safety of (industrial) workplaces. The concept combines a robotic swarm composing of nano Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (nano UAVs), based on the Crazyflie 2.0 quadrocopter, and small lightweight metal oxide gas sensors for measuring the Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC) in ppb and estimating the eCO2 (equivalent calculated carbon-dioxide) concentration in ppm. TVOC is a measure for the indoor air quality. An indoor localization and positioning system will be used to estimate the absolute 3D position of the swarm like GPS. Based on this novel indoor air quality monitoring concept, the development and validation of new algorithms in the field of Mobile Robot Olfaction (MRO) are planned, namely gas source localization and gas distribution mapping. A test scenario will be built up to validate and optimize the gas-sensitive nano aerial robot swarm for the intended applications. T2 - 35th Danubia Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Sinaia, Romania DA - 25.09.2018 KW - Nano aerial robot KW - UAV KW - Swarm KW - Indoor air quality KW - Monitoring KW - Concept PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.03.151 SN - 2214-7853 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 470 EP - 473 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-48055 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Müller, Maximilian A1 - Mieller, Björn A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - RFID sensor systems embedded in concrete – validation experiments for long-term monitoring N2 - Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is an important part of buildings surveillance and maintenance to detect material failure as early as possible and to contribute in protection of structures and their users. The implementation of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensor systems without cable connection and battery into building components offers innovative possibilities to enable long-term in-situ SHM of addressed structures, bridges. The objectives of the presented study are complete embedding of RFID sensors systems in concrete, full passive communication with the systems, at best for the whole life span of structures. One challenge for this task is the highly alkaline environment in concrete, which requires non-degrading and robust encapsulation. Further Requirements are passive communication and energy supply, appropriate antenna design, placement and fixation in concrete, and the selection and implementation of sensors and connections. The concept is to develop and optimize a simple and robust system, which meets the requirements, as well as comprehensive validation in concrete specimen and real world applications. Two different systems were developed (HF and UHF RFID, respectively). First tasks were the implementation of analog sensors using the superposition principle for the signal adaption. Investigation of suitable materials for robust encapsulation and sensor protection against basic environments. Four materials were investigated in pH 13 solution for 14 days - 3D-Printer-Polymer was completely resolved - PVC has no noticeable decrease in weight - (VitaPro) glass filter for the sensor protector, has weight loss 2.7 % - The epoxy resin has increased by 1.8 % due to moisture expansion Different concrete samples were prepared for the validation of the systems. RFID sensors were embedded in different integration depths. Investigate the energy- and data transfer through concrete, also with varying moisture content. Additionally, signal strength data was used to optimize and validate the antenna characteristics in concrete. Next steps are to guarantee a sufficient energy supply for UHF RFID systems embedded in different concrete mixtures and further embedding the HF and UHF RFID systems in real bridges and buildings to validate the long term monitoring. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2017 CY - Koblenz, Germany DA - 22.05.2017 KW - Smart structures KW - RFID sensors KW - Long-term requirements KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Passive RFID KW - Sensor requirements KW - Sensors in concrete PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-403496 UR - https://www.ndt.net/?id=21499 SN - 1435-4934 VL - 22 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - NDT.net CY - Kirchwald AN - OPUS4-40349 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Müller, Maximilian A1 - Mieller, Björn A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - RFID sensor systems embedded in concrete – Validation experiments for long-term monitoring T1 - RFID Sensorsysteme eingebettet in Beton – Validierungsexperimente zum Langzeitmonitoring N2 - Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is an important part of buildings surveillance and maintenance to detect material failure as early as possible and to contribute in protection of structures and their users. The implementation of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensor systems without cable connection and battery into building components offers innovative possibilities to enable long-term in-situ SHM of addressed structures, bridges. The objectives of the presented study are complete embedding of RFID sensors systems in concrete, full passive communication with the systems, at best for the whole life span of structures. One challenge for this task is the highly alkaline environment in concrete, which requires non-degrading and robust encapsulation. Further Requirements are passive communication and energy supply, appropriate antenna design, placement and fixation in concrete, and the selection and implementation of sensors and connections. The concept is to develop and optimize a simple and robust system, which meets the requirements, as well as comprehensive validation in concrete specimen and real world applications. Two different systems were developed (HF and UHF RFID, respectively). First tasks were the implementation of analog sensors using the superposition principle for the signal adaption. Investigation of suitable materials for robust encapsulation and sensor protection against basic environments. Four materials were investigated in pH13 solution for 14 days - 3D-Printer-Polymer was completely resolved - PVC has no noticeable decrease in weight - (VitaPro) glass filter for the sensor protector, has weight loss 2.7% - The epoxy resin has increased by 1.8% due to moisture expansion Different concrete samples were prepared for the validation of the systems. RFID sensors were embedded in different integration depths. Investigate the energy- and data transfer through concrete, also with varying moisture content. Additionally, signal strength data was used to optimize and validate the antenna characteristics in concrete. Next steps are to guarantee a sufficient energy supply for UHF RFID systems embedded in different concrete mixtures and further embedding the HF and UHF RFID systems in real bridges and buildings to validate the long term monitoring. KW - RFID sensors KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Sensors in concrete KW - Smart structures KW - Sensor requirements PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-418331 UR - http://www.ndt.net/?id=21499 SN - 1435-4934 VL - 22 IS - 9 SP - Artikel 8, 1 EP - 7 PB - NDT.net CY - Bad Breisig AN - OPUS4-41833 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Smart RFID Sensors Embedded in Building Structures for Early Damage Detection and Long-Term Monitoring N2 - In civil engineering, many structures are made of reinforced concrete. Most Degradation processes relevant to this material, e.g., corrosion, are related to an increased level of material moisture. Therefore, moisture monitoring in reinforced concrete is regarded as a crucial method for structural health monitoring. In this study, passive radio frequency identification (RFID)-based sensors are embedded into the concrete. They are well suited for long-term operation over decades and are well protected against harsh environmental conditions. The energy supply and the data transfer of the humidity sensors are provided by RFID. The sensor casing materials are optimised to withstand the high alkaline environment in concrete, having pH values of more than 12. Membrane materials are also investigated to identify materials capable of enabling water vapour transport from the porous cement matrix to the embedded humidity sensor. By measuring the corresponding relative humidity with embedded passive RFID-based sensors, the cement hydration is monitored for 170 days. Moreover, long-term moisture monitoring is performed for more than 1000 days. The Experiments show that embedded passive RFID-based sensors are highly suitable for long-term structural health monitoring in civil engineering. KW - RFID based sensors KW - Embedded sensors KW - Corresponding relative humidity KW - Porous building materials KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Corrosion KW - Civil engineering PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-500831 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/s19245514 VL - 19 IS - 24 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Swiss AN - OPUS4-50083 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Hüllmann, Dino A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Dzierliński, M. A1 - Lilienthal, A. J. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Aerial-based gas tomography – from single beams to complex gas distributions N2 - In this paper, we present and validate the concept of an autonomous aerial robot to reconstruct tomographic 2D slices of gas plumes in outdoor environments. Our platform, the so-called Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Remote Gas Sensing (UAV-REGAS), combines a lightweight Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) gas sensor with a 3-axis aerial stabilization gimbal for aiming at a versatile octocopter. While the TDLAS sensor provides integral gas concentration measurements, it does not measure the distance traveled by the laser diode’s beam nor the distribution of gas along the optical path. Thus, we complement the set-up with a laser rangefinder and apply principles of Computed Tomography (CT) to create a model of the spatial gas distribution from a set of integral concentration measurements. To allow for a fundamental ground truth evaluation of the applied gas tomography algorithm, we set up a unique outdoor test environment based on two 3D ultrasonic anemometers and a distributed array of 10 infrared gas transmitters. We present results showing its performance characteristics and 2D plume reconstruction capabilities under realistic conditions. The proposed system can be deployed in scenarios that cannot be addressed by currently available robots and thus constitutes a significant step forward for the field of Mobile Robot Olfaction (MRO). KW - Aerial robot olfaction KW - Mobile robot olfaction KW - Gas tomography KW - TDLAS KW - Plume PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-487843 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/22797254.2019.1640078 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London AN - OPUS4-48784 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Müller, Maximilian A1 - Mieller, Björn A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias ED - Emri, I. T1 - RFID sensor systems embedded in concrete – requirements for long–term operation N2 - Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is an important topic for Industry 4.0. More and more systems are embedded in different materials and are connected to each other. To embed sensors for a long time in concrete, an exact preparation is required. In this paper, we identify Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) as promising technology for monitoring of concrete structures. This paper present the concept for long term monitoring, defines the requirements and shows first development steps, for example, the system design, the possibilities of sensor connection, and an encapsulation for embedding in concrete. T2 - 33nd Danubia Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics CY - Portoroz, Slovenia DA - 20.09.2016 KW - RFID sensors KW - Long-term requirements KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Passive RFID KW - Sensor requirements KW - Sensors in concrete KW - Smart structures PY - 2017 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785317308283 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.053 SN - 2214-7853 VL - 4 IS - 5, Part 1 SP - 5827 EP - 5832 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-41581 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -