TY - JOUR A1 - Bannick, Claus Gerhard A1 - Bierl, R. A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Brand, K. A1 - Dümichen, Erik A1 - Jekel, M. A1 - Klein, S. A1 - Knepper, T.P. A1 - König, F. A1 - Miklos, D. A1 - Rechenberg, B. A1 - Steffens, I. T1 - Mikroplastik in der aquatischen Umwelt - Ein Beitrag zur aktuellen Diskussion in Deutschland JF - Vom Wasser N2 - Plastics are important materials in households and industry and therefore a crucial part of our everyday life. Since the beginning of the 1970s the occurrence of plastic particles in coastal waters has been explicitly described. Meanwhile, besides the marine environment, microplastics were also detected in other environmental media, biota and water management facilities. This work gives an overview of the occurrence and first known effects of microplastics in the environment. Furthermore, current scientific proceedings are considered and pending issues are discussed. In this regard it is of central importance to develop an environmentally comprehensive, harmonized scientific proceeding for miroplastics, which enables an evaluation of relevant material flows in adaption to necessary assessment concepts. N2 - Kunststoffe sind wichtige Werkstoffe und heutzutage aus Haushalt und Wirtschaft nicht mehr wegzudenken. Seit Anfang der 1970er-Jahre wird das Vorkommen von Kunststoffpartikeln in Küstengewässern beschrieben. Inzwischen ist Mikroplastik nicht nur im marinen Bereich, sondern auch in weiteren Umweltkompartimenten, Biota und technischen Einrichtungen der Wasserwirtschaft nachgewiesen worden, in dieser Arbeit wird ein Überblick über das Vorkommen von Mikroplastik in der aquatischen Umwelt und ersten bekannten Auswirkungen gegeben. Darüber hinaus werden die aktuellen Untersuchungsverfahren von Probenahme, Probenaufbereitung und Analytik betrachtet und offene fragen diskutiert. Zentral erscheint in diesem Zusammenhang die Entwicklung einer harmonisierten medienübergreifenden Untersuchungsmethodik, die eine Auswertung relevanter Stoffströme ermöglicht und auf notwendige Bewertungskonzepte abgestimmt ist. KW - Water management KW - Plastics KW - Microplastics KW - Environment KW - Analysis KW - Mikroplastik KW - Kunststoff KW - Wasserwirtschaft KW - Analytik KW - Umwelt PY - 2015 SN - 0083-6915 VL - 113 IS - 1 SP - 7 EP - 14 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-33105 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dümichen, Erik A1 - Eisentraut, Paul A1 - Bannick, Claus Gerhard A1 - Barthel, Anne-Kathrin A1 - Senz, R. A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Fast identification of microplastics in complex environmental samples by a thermal degradation method JF - Chemosphere N2 - In order to determine the relevance of microplastic particles in various environmental media, comprehensive investigations are needed. However, no analytical method exists for fast identification and quantification. At present, optical spectroscopy methods like IR and RAMAN imaging are used. Due to their time consuming procedures and uncertain extrapolation, reliable monitoring is difficult. For analyzing polymers Py-GC-MS is a standard method. However, due to a limited sample amount of about 0.5 mg it is not suited for analysis of complex sample mixtures like environmental samples. Therefore, we developed a new thermoanalytical method as a first step for identifying microplastics in environmental samples. A sample amount of about 20 mg, which assures the homogeneity of the sample, is subjected to complete thermal decomposition. The specific degradation products of the respective polymer are adsorbed on a solid-Phase adsorber and subsequently analyzed by thermal Desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry. For certain identification, the specific degradation products for the respective polymer were selected first. Afterwards real environmental samples from the aquatic (three different rivers) and the terrestrial (bio gas plant) systems were screened for microplastics. Mainly polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) were identified for the samples from the bio gas plant and PE and PS from the rivers. However, this was only the first step and quantification measurements will follow. KW - Microplastics KW - Thermal desorption KW - Gas chromatography PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.010 SN - 0045-6535 SN - 1879-1298 IS - 174 SP - 572 EP - 584 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-40235 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -