TY - RPRT A1 - Aurich, Dietmar A1 - Baer, Wolfram A1 - Häcker, Ralf A1 - Klingbeil, Dietmar A1 - Ohm, Katrin T1 - Analyse und Weiterentwicklung bruchmechanischer Versagenskonzepte - Schwerpunkt: Anwendung fortgeschrittener zähbruchmechanischer Konzepte; Bruchübergang N2 - Im Rahmen des Teilprojektes 1 "Analyse und Erweiterung der Einsatzgrenzen der elastisch- plastischen Bruchmechanik zu tiefen Temperaturen hin mit der Option der systematischen Nutzung von Zähigkeitspotentialen im Übergangsbereich" wurden an drei Versuchswerkstoffen bei jeweils mehreren Prüftemperaturen Serien von Risswiderstandskurven aufgenommen. Die Arbeiten dienten der quantitativen Erfassung des Übergangs vom Spaltbruch zum Gleitbruch im Bereich nahe Ta mit dem Ziel, Sicherheitsreserven des Werkstoffs in diesem Bereich ausnutzen zu können. Im Rahmen des Teilprojektes 2 "Methoden zur Extrapolation von JR-Kurven für die Vorhersage der Rissöffnungsgeometrie unter postulierten Belastungen" wurden experimentelle Untersuchungen an Rohren aus dem Werkstoff 15NiCuMoNb5 (WB36) durchgeführt. Für die Rohrbiegeversuche wurde ein Prüfstand aufgebaut, auf dem bei Raumtemperatur Vierpunkt- Biegeversuche an Rohren mit unterschiedlichen Außenumfangsfehlergeometrien durchgeführt wurden. Mit Hilfe der zerstörungsfreien Verfahren Ultraschallprüfung, Schallemissionsprüfung, Gleichstrompotentialsondenverfahren und optische Analyse wurde das Risswachstums- und Leckageverhalten unter den komplexen Bedingungen der Rohrversuche quantitativ untersucht und detailliert vergleichend ausgewertet. T3 - BAM Forschungsberichtreihe - 232 PY - 1999 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-2187 SN - 978-3-89701-339-8 SN - 0938-5533 VL - 232 SP - 1 EP - 256 PB - Wirtschaftsverlag NW CY - Bremerhaven AN - OPUS4-218 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hussels, Maria-Teresa A1 - Chruscicki, Sebastian A1 - Baer, Wolfram A1 - Wossidlo, Peter A1 - Weltschev, Margit A1 - Schmidt, Dirk A1 - Baensch, Franziska A1 - Bohse, Jürgen A1 - Prager, Jens A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim T1 - AGIFAMOR – Application of distributed acoustic and fibre optic sensors for continuous monitoring of pipes N2 - Pipelines and industrial piping systems are particularly relevant regarding technical safety, availability and maintenance. Large flow rates of hazardous substances imply that even smallest leakages can lead to high environmental impacts. Therefore, and to ensure the availability of infrastructure, an early detection and localization of potentially hazardous degradations to the walls (e.g. cracks, pittings, sedimentation, etc.) of the containments is necessary. However, in many cases it is not feasible to equip pipelines with a large number of point sensors at reasonable expense. The principle of distributed fibre optic sensing relies on one single optical fibre, which simultaneously acts as a spatially continuous sensor as well as the signal transducer. Therefore, extensive structures can be provided with this type of sensor with comparatively low efforts. As a consequence, monitoring oil and gas pipelines using distributed fibre optic sensors is on the upswing. Besides the established methods to measure temperature and strain, distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) has lately received considerable attention as a means to detect and localize third party threats to pipelines (approach of vehicles, digging, mechanical manipulation). The so far not utilized potential of DAS as a means for continuous condition monitoring of pipes by detecting and localizing acoustic signals that point to certain damage scenarios, is currently under investigation in an interdisciplinary research project at BAM (AGIFAMOR, Ageing Infrastructures – Fibre Optic Monitoring of Pipes). In order to qualify distributed acoustic fibre optic sensors for this application area, we especially focus on detecting and identifying the relevant acoustic emissions of interesting degradations as well as on the optimal way of application of the optical fibres to the specimen to achieve an optimal signal transmission of acoustic signals. T2 - 12th Pipeline Technology Conference CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 02.05.2017 KW - Monitoring KW - Pipelines KW - Fibre optic sensing KW - Acoustic emission KW - Accelerometer PY - 2017 SN - 2198-428X VL - 2017 SP - Session 3.2 Leak Detection, 1 EP - 8 PB - EITEP (Euro Institute for Information and Technology Transfer in Environmental Protection) CY - Hannover AN - OPUS4-40186 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Baer, Wolfram ED - Gdoutos, E. T1 - Key Curve Methods for Dynamic Fracture Mechanics of Cast Iron? T2 - 16th European Conference of Fracture "Fracture of Nano and Engineering Materials and Structures" CY - Alexandroupolis, Greece DA - 2007-07-03 KW - Key curve KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Dynamic loading KW - Ductile cast iron KW - Single specimen technique KW - Crack resistance curve KW - Review PY - 2006 SN - 1-402-04971-4 IS - 900_tra SP - 8 pages PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-12668 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Baer, Wolfram A1 - Wossidlo, Peter T1 - Investigation on the Dynamic Fracture Toughness of Heavy-Section Ductile Cast Iron for Transport and Storage Casks T2 - PATRAM 2001 ; Annual International Symposium on Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials CY - Chicago, IL, USA DA - 2001-09-03 PY - 2001 IS - CD-ROM PB - PATRAM CY - Chicago, Ill. AN - OPUS4-1886 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baensch, Franziska A1 - Baer, Wolfram A1 - Wossidlo, Peter A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim T1 - Non-threshold acoustic emission analysis of damage evolution in pipe segments of steel S355J2H under bending load N2 - Four-point bending tests were carried out to analyze the acoustic characteristics of damage development in pipe segments made of steel, grade S355J2H, being 2.5 m long with an outer diameter of 168 mm and 16 mm wall thickness. To induce stable crack growth, the pipe segments were pre-damaged by a 90°circumferential notch in the middle of the pipe length. While the pipe was quasi-statically loaded, microscopic damage and plastic deformation accumulated to form a macroscopic crack that grew through the pipe wall until leakage. For acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, four broadband sensors of type VS 900 M were mounted close to the notch. Continuous AE signal detection was performed by the non-threshold method. Advantages and disadvantages of the non-threshold AE monitoring compared to a commonly employed method analyzing only signals exceeding a predefined threshold are discussed. The results of AE analysis are compared to additional information on the crack growth detected by the direct current potential drop (DCPD) technique. These studies were carried out in the course of the interdisciplinary research project AGIFAMOR, Ageing infrastructures - distributed acoustic monitoring of pipes at BAM. T2 - 33rd European Conference on Acoustic Emission Testing CY - Senlis, France DA - 12.09.2018 KW - Acoustic emissions (AE) KW - Four-point bending test KW - Steel pipe KW - Crack initiation KW - Crack growth PY - 2018 SP - 340 EP - 347 CY - France, Senlis AN - OPUS4-45960 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klingbeil, Dietmar A1 - Klinger, Christian A1 - Kinder, J. A1 - Baer, Wolfram T1 - Investigations for indications of deliberate blasting on the front bulkhead of the ro-ro ferry MV Estonia N2 - The roll-on-roll-off passenger ferry MV ESTONIA sank during the night of 28 September 1994 in the Baltic Sea. In October 2000, divers recovered two palm-sized test pieces from the front bulkhead of the wreck. The investigators analysed these specimens to determine whether there were any indications of deliberate blasting. Since the wreck had been submerged for almost six years, it was clear that chemical traces would not be present on the surfaces of the test pieces. Therefore, the investigators performed comparative tests on shipbuilding steel to find a microstructural criterion that exclusively characterises a blast. The shipyard Jos. L. Meyer, Germany, had built the ESTONIA and supplied shipbuilding steel plates similar to that used for building the vessel in 1979/1980. The comparative tests comprised mechanical tests, shot peening tests and blasting tests using different explosives. Testing demonstrated that blasting always formed twinned ferrite grains in the microstructure over the whole cross-section of each of the 8 mm thick comparative plates. Although one of the original test pieces of the ESTONIA showed deformation twins, this was only confined up to 0.4 mm underneath the surfaces and not spread over the whole cross-section. Comparative shot peening tests produced the very same pattern of subsurface deformation twins. Therefore, the twins detected in the microsection of the test pieces of the ESTONIA wreck traced back to the shot peening process performed by the shipyard in 1979/1980 and not to a deliberate blast. KW - Investigations on parts of a ship wreck KW - Comparative blasting tests KW - Metallographic analyses of shipbuilding steel KW - Derivation of microstructural criteria for blasting KW - Deformation twins PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.03.016 SN - 1350-6307 SN - 1873-1961 VL - 43 IS - Special Issue 'A Tribute to Prof. A. Martens' SP - 186 EP - 197 PB - Elsevier Science Publ. CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-31291 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Baer, Wolfram A1 - Eberle, Arno A1 - Klingbeil, Dietmar ED - Klingbeil, D. ED - Vormwald, M. ED - Eulitz, K.-G. T1 - The impact of ductile cast iron fracture behaviour on dynamic fracture mechanics R-curve testing using key curve methods N2 - Dynamic fracture mechanics characteristics are required for design and safety proof of advanced ductile cast iron (DCI) components. In this paper, the analytical compliance ratio (CR) and numerical finite element (FE) key curve methods were investigated for dynamic Rcurve testing. Two DCI materials, a purely ferritic and a ferritic one with 18 % of pearlite, were tested at room temperature (RT) and -40 °C. The special focus is on the impact of the materials damage and fracture behaviour on performance and limitations of the investigated methods. Systematic metallographic and fractographic microstructural analyses were performed accompanying the test program. Summarizing systematics of the specific damage behaviour and fracture mechanisms were developed taking microstructure, loading rate, specimen geometry and test temperature into account. There has been a change from ductile to brittle fracture mechanism observed at -40 °C with ferritic DCI and even at RT with ferritic-pearlitic DCI. The ferritic-pearlitic DCI did not show Rcurve behaviour at -40 °C and only single Juc values could be determined. Furthermore, with ferritic-pearlitic DCI, random pearlite shares in the ligament caused the relation between loading rate, force-deflection record and crack extension not to remain uniquely defined. Therefore, the FE key curve method proofed not to be applicable since the FE model was based on homogeneous isotropic material and ductile failure mode only. The analytical CR key curve method worked well only with selected combinations of microstructure, specimen geometry and temperature. In summary it has to be concluded that a robust, accurate and sufficiently simple dynamic key curve method that was suited for application in quality control of industrial relevant DCI qualities cannot be provided currently. T2 - 18th European conference on fracture (ECF 18) - Fracture of materials and structures from micro to macro scale CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2010-08-30 KW - Damage and fracture behaviour KW - Ductile cast iron KW - Dynamic crack resistance curve KW - Key curve PY - 2010 SN - 978-3-00-031802-3 IS - Paper 160 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-22273 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baensch, Franziska A1 - Baer, Wolfram A1 - Wossidlo, Peter A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim T1 - Damage evolution detection in a pipeline segment under bending by means of acoustic emission N2 - A steel pipeline segment of 2.5 m length was subjected to quasi-static four-point bending load in three steps for studying the initial cracking and damage accumulation based on the Acoustic Emission (AE) technique and by the direct current potential drop (DCPD) technique. For the latter, a new post-test analysis method was established. AE is found more sensitive to crack initiation than DCPD. Formation of mesoscopic and macroscopic cracks as well as their closure and the resulting friction generate weighted peak frequencies below 400 kHz, whereas microscopic cracking produces AE with broad band spectra identifiable by weighted peak frequencies above 400 kHz. Critical states alike the maximum load level and the leak opening were accompanied by peak amplitudes above 85 dBAE. This rather fundamental study provides a data base for possibly developing advanced strategies of detection and alarm systems based on acoustic monitoring of pipelines, or at least, steel structures. KW - Crack KW - Accoustic emission KW - Frequency domain KW - Potential drop technique KW - Fracture PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565171 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2022.104863 SN - 0308-0161 VL - 201 IS - 104863 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-56517 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baer, Wolfram A1 - Wossidlo, Peter T1 - Experimental determination and analysis of dynamic fracture toughness data of ductile cast iron N2 - Ductile Cast Iron materials (DCI) have become important structural materials. Neverthe-less, to draw maximum benefit from DCIs property potential, tailored testing methods must be provided. The established dynamic Jd-R and CTOD 5d-R curve procedures are based on material specifically developed, independent experimental techniques but pro-vide almost matching results. This can be seen as additional validation of the Jd procedure which was mandatory. T2 - 14th International Conference on Fracture (ICF 14) CY - Rhodes, Greece DA - 18.07.2017 KW - Ductile cast iron KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Dynamic loading KW - Crack resistance curve KW - CTOD KW - J-integral PY - 2017 SP - Track 3, 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-42721 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baer, Wolfram A1 - Breidung, Marc A1 - Wossidlo, Peter A1 - Wahl, Ken A1 - Gerwien, Peter A1 - Zerbst, Uwe A1 - Madia, Mauro A1 - Küppers, M. ED - Zimmermann, Martina T1 - Gezielte Werkstoffprüfung zur fail-safe-Bauteilauslegung am Beispiel eines Achsschenkels N2 - Bei der Auslegung von Achsschenkeln für Nutzfahrzeuge wird für den Überlastfall ein fail-safe-Kriterium (kontrolliertes Versagen) als Basisphilosophie angesetzt. Gefordert wird, dass sich der Achsschenkel auch unter Akzeptanz begrenzten Risswachstums hinreichend elastisch-plastisch verformen kann, ohne dass es zum Bruch kommt. Der Fahrer soll anschließend anhand der bleibenden Verformungen bemerken können, dass mit seinem Fahrzeug etwas nicht in Ordnung ist. Eine Voraussetzung für dieses Bauteilverhalten ist eine hinreichende Bruchzähigkeit des Werkstoffs. Diese, wie auch die Rissspitzenbeanspruchung, müssen ermittelt werden, um den bruchmechanischen Sicherheitsnachweis führen zu können. Zur Ermittlung der mechanisch-technologischen und bruchmechanischen Werkstoffeigenschaften wurde ein Prüfkonzept entwickelt, bei dem die Proben an der potenziell kritischen Stelle direkt aus den geschmiedeten Achsschenkeln entnommen werden. Die experimentelle Werkstoffcharakterisierung bildet dann die Beanspruchungsbedingungen beim Überlastereignis ab. Im Rahmen der Produktion stehen jedoch nur Kerbschlagarbeitswerte zur Verfügung und aufwändige bruchmechanische Versuche sollen vermieden werden. Deshalb wurde eine Korrelation zur Abschätzung der vorhandenen Bruchzähigkeit aus der Kerbschlagarbeit herangezogen. Es ergibt sich eine Ergebnismatrix, die die Einflussgrößen Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit, Temperatur und Bruchzähigkeit verknüpft. Abschließend wird ein erster Vergleich der abgeschätzten mit den experimentell ermittelten Bruchzähigkeitswerten gezogen. Dieser weist aus, dass die abgeschätzten Werte geringfügig konservativ sind. T2 - 40. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung Werkstoffprüfung 2022 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 27.10.2022 KW - Kerbschlagarbeit KW - Achsschenkel KW - Fail-safe KW - Bruchmechanische Auslegung KW - Korrelation PY - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - DGM - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V. CY - Sankt Augustin AN - OPUS4-56152 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -