TY - JOUR A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Keserovic, Amela A1 - Sobetzki, Joana A1 - Sarmiento Klapper, Helmuth T1 - Materials evaluation for geothermal applications N2 - In order to provide basic information on corrosion resistance to the designers and users of geothermal plants different metallic materials including duplex and austenitic stainless steels as well as a nickel alloy have been evaluated in artificial geothermal fluids simulating the conditions in some locations with geothermal potential in Germany as well as two sites in Indonesia. By electrochemical and long-term exposure tests at 100 °C and 150 °C the suitability of low alloyed steel UNS G41300, stainless steels UNS S31603 UNS S31803, UNS S32760, super austenitic steel UNS N08031 and nickel based alloy UNS N06059 was investigated in these geothermal fluids, using critical potentials and corrosion rates. In high-saline environments the crevice corrosion turned out to be the determining mechanism. The nickel based alloy shows excellent corrosion resistance against pitting corrosion. Excluding its high cost, it is very good to be used in the construction of geothermal facilities having highly saline brines. Stainless and duplex steels exhibit a limited corrosion resistance concerning pitting and crevice corrosion. Therefore they are not suitable for highly saline brines. The super austenite UNS N08031 showed a temperature depending behavior. In non-saline environments the low-alloyed steel UNS G41300 (beside of the higher alloyed materials) could be employed as a constructional material for the geothermal power plant, as long as a sufficient wall thickness of the material is considered. KW - Geothermal KW - Corrosion KW - Crevice corrosion KW - Suitability PY - 2015 UR - http://www.jurnalteknologi.utm.my/index.php/jurnalteknologi/article/view/5164 SN - 2180-3722 VL - 75 IS - 7 SP - 7 EP - 14 PB - Penerbit UTM Press CY - Johor Bahru AN - OPUS4-34747 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rütters, H. A1 - Fischer, S. A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Maßmann, J. A1 - Ostertag-Henning, C. A1 - Wolf, J. L. A1 - Pumpa, M. A1 - Lubenau, U. A1 - Knauer, S. A1 - Jaeger, P. A1 - Neumann, A. A1 - Svensson, K. A1 - Pöllmann, H. A1 - Lempp, C. A1 - Menezes, F. F. A1 - Hagemann, B. T1 - Towards defining reasonable minimum composition thresholds – Impacts of variable CO2 stream compositions on transport, injection and storage N2 - To set up recommendations on how to define “reasonable minimum composition thresholds” for CO2 streams to access CO2 pipeline networks, we investigated potential impacts of CO2 streams with different and temporally variable compositions and mass flow rates along the CCS chain. All investigations were based on a generic “CCS cluster scenario” in which CO2 streams captured from a spatial cluster of eleven emitters (seven fossil-fired power plants, two cement plants, one refinery and one steel mill) are collected in a regional pipeline network. The resulting CO2 stream (19.78 Mio t impure CO2 per year) is transported in a trunk line (onshore and offshore) and injected into five generic replicate storage structures (Buntsandstein saline aquifers) offshore. Experimental investigations and modeling of selected impacts revealed beneficial as well as adverse impacts of different impurities and their combinations. Overall, no fundamental technical obstacles for transporting, injecting and storing CO2 streams of the considered variable compositions and mass flow rates were observed. We recommend to define minimum composition thresholds for each specific CCS project through limiting i) the overall CO2 content, ii) maximum contents of relevant impurities or elements, iii) acceptable variability of concentrations of critical impurities, and defining impurity combinations to be avoided. KW - Impurities KW - CO2 quality KW - Pipeline network KW - Whole-chain CCS scenario KW - Recommendations PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543004 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2022.103589 SN - 1750-5836 VL - 114 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Elsevier CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-54300 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Duplex steel's corrosion resistance compared to the austenite containing molybdenum T2 - 4th Internat. Conference on Steels in Cars and Trucks CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 2014-06-15 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-30939 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Suitability of high alloyed materials in molten salts at 600 °C N2 - Within the last years the use of feasible alternative energy sources has risen and is going to replace fossil resources more and more. Nevertheless, service conditions in solar facilities are due to the chemical composition of heat transmission media and temperatures, in many cases, extreme in terms of corrosion. Since the construction of power plants shall be economical with maximum life service, materials selection based on preliminary material qualification is essential to guarantee a secure and reliable operation of those facilities. The materials selection depends on the operation temperature of a power plant on the chemical composition of the transmission fluid used. In high corrosive environments Ni-based alloys are often used as an all-round solution for the construction of corrosion resistant parts, because of their good corrosion properties. However, there might be limits for their use regarding their corrosion behavior, with which this contribution deals. By means of electrochemical measurements and exposure tests the suitability of two high alloyed materials X8NiCrSi38-18 and NiCr25FeAlYB in molten nitrate salt (60 % NaNO3/40 % KNO3) was characterized at 600 °C. T2 - NACE International Annual Corrosion Conference 2016 CY - Vancouver, BC, Canada DA - 6.3.2016 KW - Localized corrosion KW - Nickel based alloys KW - Solar energy KW - Renewables KW - Electrochemical characterization KW - X8NiCrSi38-18 KW - NiCr25FeAlYB PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36989 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Materials Evaluation for Geothermal Applications in Different Geothermal Waters T2 - World Geothermal Congress 2015 CY - Melbourne, Australia DA - 2015-04-19 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34693 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Elektrochemische Untersuchung der Beständigkeit von hochlegierten Werkstoffen zur Anwendung in Salzschmelzen von solarthermischen Anlagen T2 - Jährliches Korrosionsgespräch der VDM CY - Altena, Germany DA - 2015-08-27 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34699 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Yevtushenko, Oleksandra A1 - Kratzig, Andreas A1 - Bettge, Dirk T1 - Synergistic effects of impurities in the condensate on the corrosion of CO2 transport pipeline N2 - For the reliability of transport pipelines the corrosion resistance of the materials used needs to be determined in conditions, which are possible during the transport process. In some situations condensation of components out of the CO2 stream can occur. To study the effect of condensate on transport pipeline steel, a “worst-case scenario” gas mixture, containing 2.5 % H2O, 1.8 % O2, 1000 ppmv NO2, and 220 ppmv SO2, was proposed, fed (1.5 L/min) into a glass reactor containing coupon-shaped specimens for 120 600 h at 278 K (to simulate the underground pipeline transport), and resulted in the condensate containing 0.114 M H2SO4 and 0.0184 M HNO3 (pH 2.13). Basing on this “original” condensate, exposure tests and electrochemical characterization together with pH and conductivity in CO2 saturated condition at the same temperature were carried out. The role of each gas impurity and the combination of them, when the condensate is formed, was studied by investigating the role of individual and varying combination of acidic components in the condensate on the corrosion behaviors of the commercial pipeline-steel (L360NB). It can be concluded that although the condensation of NOx in form of HNO3 causes faster corrosion rate, it is the condensation of SOx or the combination of SOx and NOx that may cause much more severe problems in form of localized and pitting corrosions. Different to the corrosion products formed in CO2 atmosphere without impurities (mainly iron carbonate) the corrosion products resulted from these acidic condensation have no protectability, indicating the need of controlling gas quality during the transportation within the pipeline network. T2 - EUROCORR 2017 - PRAG CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 03.09.2017 KW - CCUS KW - CO2 corrosion KW - Carbon steels KW - Condensate PY - 2017 SP - Paper 75636,.1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-41874 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Beurteilung der Eignung metallischer Werkstoffe für Gefahrguttransporte T2 - GfKORR Seminar "Metall oder Kunststoff... unterschiedliche Konzepte - gleichwertige Ergebnisse? Werkstoffalternativen für Rohrleitungen und Behälter in der Prozesstechnik" CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2009-06-18 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19716 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Corrosion Behavior of Metallic Materials for Use in Geothermal Applications T2 - DECHEMA Workshop "Solutions for High Temperature Corrosion Protection in Energy Conversion Systems" CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2009-09-30 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19775 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Evaluation of corrosion resistance of materials for geothermal applications T2 - X. Internat. Korrosionskonferenz CY - Lviv, Ukraine DA - 2010-06-08 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21584 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sarmiento Klapper, Helmuth A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Recent progress in the qualification of materials used in geothermal energy conversion systems T2 - 1st International conference on materials for energy CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 2010-07-04 KW - Korrosion KW - Geothermie KW - CrNi-Stahl KW - Ni-Basislegierung KW - Duplexstahl PY - 2010 SN - 978-3-89746-117-8 SP - 158 EP - 159 AN - OPUS4-21676 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Duplex Steel S 32304 - A Low Cost and Corrosion-Resistant Alternative to Molybdenum Containing Austenite T2 - EUROCORR 2010 CY - Moscow, Russia DA - 2010-09-13 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21713 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Sarmiento Klapper, Helmuth A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Alternative, nachhaltige Energiekonzepte - Herausforderungen für Werkstoffe zum Einsatz in Geothermieanlagen T2 - 3-Länder-Korrosionstagung - Nichtrostende Stähle - Spezielle Anwendungen und angepasste Lösungen CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2010-04-19 KW - Hochlegierter Stahl KW - Geothermie KW - Örtliche Korrosion KW - Klassische Auslagerung KW - Elektrochemie PY - 2010 SN - 978-3-935406-40-6 SP - 1 EP - 10(?) PB - DECHEMA AN - OPUS4-21190 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Elektrische und elektronische Ausrüstungen T2 - BAM/DIN Gemeinschaftstagung: Tanks für die Beförderung gefährlicher Güter - Neue Vorschriften und Normen - CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2005-01-14 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-5714 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - GPM-Portable Equipment for Determination of Corrosion Stage of Concrete Structures-Laboratory and On-site Experiences T2 - NNDT-CE 2003 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-09-16 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4247 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Use of mbeddable sensors in an integrated minitoring system for concrete structures, Paper 03436 T2 - Nace Corrosion 2003 CY - San Diego, CA, USA DA - 2003-03-16 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4241 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Usage of GPM-Portable Equipment for Determination of Corrosion Stage of Concrete Structures, Paper 03388 T2 - Nace Corrosion 2003 CY - San Diego, CA, USA DA - 2003-03-16 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4243 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Isecke, Bernd T1 - Electrochemical devices for determination of corrosion related values for reinforced concrete structures T2 - NACE International Corrosion 2007 - Conference & Expo CY - Nashville, TN, USA DA - 2007-03-11 KW - Chloride Induced Corrosion KW - Moisture Content KW - Embedded Sensors KW - Reinforced Concrete KW - Monitoring PY - 2007 SP - 07377/1 EP - 07377/13 PB - NACE CY - Nashville AN - OPUS4-14707 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Weltschev, Margit T1 - UNS S44400 - A low cost and corrosion-resistant alternative to the austenite containing nickel for tank applications N2 - In Germany the “BAM-List - Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous Goods” is the basis for substance-related prototype approvals for tank Containers undertaken by the BAM1 - Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing. Compatibility evaluations of selected metallic materials as well as of polymeric gasket and lining materials under the influence of approximately 7200 dangerous goods have been published in the BAM-List since 1989. The ferritic Steel UNS S44400 (X2CrMoTil8-10, 1.4521) was originally developed as alternative for the austenitic grade AISI316L (X2CrNiMo 17-12-2, 1.4404). Due to its characteristic profile this Steel was qualified for applications requiring high strength values at concomitant adequate corrosion resistance. Because of the lack of Nickel this Steel is a cost-efficient alternative to the Ni-containing austenites. No corrosion test results of UNS S44400 under the influence of dangerous goods were published in the BAM-List so far. Only data on the behavior of AISI 316L are listed. Therefore test specimens of this Steel were exposed to selected corrosive substances in order to compare both steels. Due to the reduced alloy content a reduced corrosion resistance of the Steel UNS S44400 in acidic substances, such as formic acid, acetic acid and sulfuric acid, in comparison to the austenitic CrNiMosteels was expected but not observed. Tests in an alkaline medium showed sufficient resistance. T2 - NACE International Corrosion Conference 2012 CY - Salt Lake City, USA DA - 01.03.2012 KW - Steel KW - Dangerous goods KW - Transport tanks KW - Duplex steel KW - Corrosion KW - 1.4362 KW - X2CrNiN23-4 PY - 2012 SP - 1-7 (C2012-0001290) AN - OPUS4-25979 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Korrosionsuntersuchungen an hochlegierten Werkstoffen in einem künstlichen Geothermiefluid unter Betriebsbedingungen T2 - Geothermiekongress 2011 CY - Bochum, Germany DA - 2011-11-15 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25222 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - S44400 - A low cost and corrosion-resistant alternative to the austenite containing nickel for tank applications T2 - NACE International Corrosion Conference 2012 CY - Salt Lake City, UT, USA DA - 2012-03-11 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-25223 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Yevtushenko, Oleksandra A1 - Carrillo Salgado, I. T1 - Corrosion behavior of highly alloyed steels in artificial saline aquifer fluids containing carbon dioxide KW - Highly alloyed steels KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Pitting corrosion PY - 2012 SN - 0430-6252 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 393 EP - 396 CY - L'viv, Ukrainian national academy of science AN - OPUS4-26056 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Korrosionsuntersuchungen an hochlegierten Werkstoffen in künstlichen Geothermiefluiden unter Betriebsbedingungen T2 - ProcessNet Symposium "Anlagenschäden - Risiken erkennen und vermeiden" CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2013-04-23 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29364 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Beständigkeit von Ti-Legierungen in anorganischen Säuren bei 200°C T2 - VDM - Korrosionsgespräch "Korrosion an hochlegierten Werkstoffen" CY - Altena, Germany DA - 2013-08-28 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29369 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sobetzki, Joana A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Corrosion behavior and limitations of duplex steel 1.4462 in artificial fluids of different geothermal wells in Germany N2 - Within the last years the use of geothermal energy as feasible energy source has risen and is going to replace fossil fuel supply more and more. Nevertheless, Service conditions in geothermal facilities are due to the Chemical composition of hydrothermal fluids and temperatures, in many cases, extreme in terms of corrosion. Since the construction of geothermal power plants shall be economical with maximum life Service, materials selection based on preliminary material qualification is essential to guarantee a secure and reliable Operation ofthose facilities. The materials selection depends on the location of a power plant respectively on the Chemical composition of the produced aquifer fluid. The duplex Steel is often used as allround solution not only for the construction of geothermal power plants, because of its combination of good mechanical and corrosion properties and its lower costs compared to other highly alloyed materials. But there are limits for the use of the duplex-steel 1.4462 regarding its corrosion behavior, with which this contribution deals. The limitations of suitability of duplex steel 1.4462 in the geothermal fluids of Molasse Basin and Upper Rhine Graben obtained by means of electrochemical measurements and exposure tests are presented below. While 1.4462 in the artificial Molasse Basin Fluid shows an excellent corrosion resistance against pitting and uniform corrosion it presents low corrosion resistance in the artificial Upper Rhine Graben Fluid due to the difference in salinity. Besides it shows a limited corrosion resistance concerning crevice corrosion. T2 - EUROCORR 2013 - The European corrosion congress CY - Estoril, Portugal DA - 01.09.2013 KW - Localized corrosion KW - Duplex steel KW - Geothermal energy PY - 2013 SN - 978-989-8601-31-5 SP - 1 (Paper 1243) AN - OPUS4-29477 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Araújo, A. A1 - Panossian, Z. A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Monitoramento da corrosao em estruturas de concreto: sensor galvânico N2 - O monitoramento das estruturas de concreto possibilita que o risco de corrosão seja estimado ao longo dos anos de sua utilização. Com o conhecimento desse risco, intervenções de prevenção da corrosão ou de controle da corrosão já estabelecida podem ser programadas e realizadas em períodos adequados. Na prática, o risco de corrosão é avaliado por meio da verificação periódica do estado da armadura e das alterações nas propriedades do concreto. Isso pode ser feito por meio do embutimento no concreto de cobrimento de sensores de aquisição contínua de dados. Há diferentes tipos de sensores de aquisição contínua de dados. Um dos mais conhecidos é o sensor galvânico que consta de um conjunto de barras de aço-carbono, eletricamente isoladas. Com o embutimento do sensor, essas barras ficam posicionadas em diferentes e conhecidas profundidades do concreto de cobrimento da armadura. O risco de corrosão da armadura é monitorado com a periódica medição da corrente galvânica em cada uma das barras do sensor. Essa medição, dentre outras informações do sensor galvânico foram abordadas em artigo anterior. Além do sensor galvânico, destacam-se o sensor de umidade e o de taxa de corrosão, que monitoram parâmetros importantes relacionados ao estabelecimento e evolução de processo corrosivo das armaduras. A seguir esses sensores são apresentados, bem como o sensor de fibra óptica, o qual apresenta algumas vantagens em relação aos demais mencionados, embora ainda seja de uso restrito. KW - Sensor da corrosao PY - 2013 SN - 0104-1053 VL - 194 IS - Maio SP - 62 EP - 66 PB - PINI AN - OPUS4-29403 LA - por AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Korrosion metallischer Werkstoffe - Erscheinungen, Auswirkungen, Beurteilung T2 - ERFA QM Treffen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-09-25 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29375 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Invited Plenary Lecture: Stainless Steels for Use in Alternative Energy Generations Facilities T2 - Stainless Steel World CY - Maastricht, Netherlands DA - 2013-11-12 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29377 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Review: Advanced Coating Materials N2 - This book by Scrivener Publishing contains 14 chapters written by 82 leading scientists, experienced in the field of coatings. They demonstrate mechanisms, usage and manipulation of cutting‐edge coating methods. Each chapter is well structured and ends with a conclusion, highlighting the content. The book is divided into 3 parts: “Materials and Methods”, “Coating Materials Nanotechnology” and “Advanced Coating Technology and Applications”. Finally, this book provides a comprehensive insight into innovative research in advanced coating materials and state‐of‐the‐art technologies, without being a real textbook. It fulfills its intension of being beneficial both for technicians and scientists. KW - Corrosion KW - Coating KW - Protection PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202070044 SN - 1521-4176 SN - 0947-5117 VL - 71 IS - 4 SP - 675 EP - 676 PB - WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-50629 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erhard, Anton A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Weltschev, Margit T1 - Regulating the use of new materials in containment systems for dangerous goods N2 - Transportation of dangerous goods are worldwide regulated in the rules or standards e.g. in the recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods of the United Nations, in the Accord Européen Relatif au Transport International des Marchandises Dangereuses par Route (ADR) etc. Addi-tional to these international regulations also national regulations and stan-dards e.g. Gefahrgutverordnung Straße und Eisenbahn (GGVSE) in Ger-many are bases for the transport of hazardous materials. For the material properties of tanks in the “BAM-List – Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous Goods” specifications for the sub-stance prototype approval for tank materials are listed. Further compati-bility evaluations of selected metallic material groups as well as of poly-meric gasket and lining materials under the influence of dangerous goods are published in the List. There are a large number of highly corrosive dangerous goods listed, in which conventional steels are not resistant. Chemical companies, transportation providers and tank producers need tanks made of corrosion-resistant materials (corrosion retardant materi-als) in order to protect the tank shell. The application of high-alloyed stainless steels and nickel alloys as there are alloy 926 (1.4529; X1NiCrMoCuN25-20-7), alloy 31 (1.4562;X1NiCrMoCu31-27-7) and Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy 59 (2.4605; NiCr23Mo16Al) is an al-ternative solution compared with the lining of the tanks with a polymeric material. Due to the limited number of corrosion test results with welded test sam-ples of these high-alloyed materials under the influence of corrosive dan-gerous goods BAM, Institute for Corrosion Protection (IKS) Dresden and ThyssenKrupp VDM have been performing a comprehensive test program since 2002. The program comprised corrosion resistance evaluations of the three high-alloyed materials exposed to substances representing cor-rosive dangerous goods such as inorganic halogenides, organic acidic halogenides, sulfonic acids and nitrating acids. T2 - MRS Fall Meeting 2008 - Symposium SS -Selecting and Qualifying New Materials for Use in Regulated Industries CY - Boston, MA, USA DA - 2008-12-01 KW - Korrosionsbeständigkeit KW - Superaustenite KW - Nickellegierung KW - Gefahrguttransport PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-1151-SS01-02 VL - 1151E IS - Paper #: 1151-SS01-02 SP - 1 EP - 8(?) CY - Warrendale, PA, USA AN - OPUS4-19610 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Book review: Impedance spectroscopy - Theory, experiment and applications N2 - This textbook fulfills its dedication of being the “essential reference for the field, featuring protocols, analysis,fundamentals and the latest advances” of impedance spectroscopy to its readers. It really provides an insight in all facets of this powerful technique. It should not be missed in the bookshelf of electrochemists and all other interested researchers and engineers who want to be on the current state of this technique. KW - Impedance spectroscopy KW - Surface PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201970064 SN - 1521-4176 SN - 0947-5117 VL - 70 IS - 6 SP - 1133 PB - WILEY ‐ VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-48210 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Aristia, G. A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Roth, C. T1 - The Effect of Different Polyaniline Types in Silicon Dioxide Containing Coatings for Carbon Steel Protection in Artificial Geothermal Brines N2 - According to the results of the experiments carried out, the following points can be concluded: 1. Exposure tests showed that specimens with the addition of SiO2 particles and polyaniline particles exhibit better corrosion resistance than specimens with the addition of only polyaniline particles or binder only. 2. Open circuit potential measurements showed that in the beginning of the experiments, both coatings had an open circuit potential 100 mV higher than carbon steel. Within one day of immersion, the potential of carbon steel increased significantly, indicating the formation of oxide layer. After extended exposure the carbon steel potential sat between PS1 (which had higher potential) and PS2 (which had a lower potential) and all three were in the range –600 mV to –500 mV vs Ag/AgCl. 3. Both coatings PS-1 and PS-2 were degraded with increasing exposure time, shown by the decrease of absolute impedance value at low frequency range after 2, 4, and 6 days exposure. 4. Potentiodynamic test was performed after 3 hours and 6 days exposure, and it was shown that the coating in the initial stage exhibited more passive behavior than the specimens exposed for 6 days. T2 - NACE International Corrosion Conference 2019 CY - Nashville, TN, USA DA - 24.03.2019 KW - Geothermal KW - Coating KW - Polyaniline KW - Corrosion PY - 2019 SP - 13121-1 EP - 13121-14 PB - NACE International CY - Houston AN - OPUS4-47913 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Factors Influencing Droplet Corrosion in Dense Phase CO2 N2 - This work examined the factors that influence the droplet corrosion of CO2 pipeline steels caused by oxyfuel flue gases in dense phase CO2 at 278 K, simulating the underground transport conditions. The wetting properties were studied by contact angle measurement, revealing pH and time dependency on the reactive wetting behaviors of carbon steel X70. Exposure tests with CO2 saturated water droplet on steel surface showed that the impurities (220 ppmv SO2 and 6700 ppmv O2) diffused into the droplet and then reacted with metal surfaces in dense phase condition, forming the corrosion products. The corrosion rate was confirmed strongly depending on the droplet volume as well as the SO2 concentration. Condensation experiments carried out on freshly polished coupons in CO2 with 200 ppmv H2O, 220 ppmv SO2 and 6700 ppmv O2, showed that the formation and aggregation of droplets is time and temperature dependent. At 278 K, condensation happened stronger and the corrosion products, mainly consisted of dense hydrated FeSO3/FeSO4. While at 288 K, more fluffy corrosion products consisting of iron oxide/hydroxide and hydrated FeSO3/FeSO4 were found. Further exposure tests on carbon steel coupons with different surface roughness did not reveal the difference in weight loss/gain and therefore the corrosion rate. T2 - NACE International Corrosion Conference 2019 CY - Nashville, TN, USA DA - 24.03.2019 KW - Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) KW - Supercritical/dense phase CO2 KW - Carbon steel KW - Droplet corrosion KW - Condensation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47916 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Book review: Materials and processes for CO2 capture, conversion and sequestration N2 - This book provides an overview on research‐topics who need to be investigated when dealing with this topic, basing on the symposium in 2014. It addresses the key challenges involved in CCS materials design, processing and modelling. Readers can get an overview on topics one should consider when working in these field and selecting current Journal articles. KW - CCS KW - CO2-Corrosion KW - Microstructure PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002 maco.201970044 SN - 0947-5117 SN - 1521-4176 VL - 70 IS - 04 SP - 751 EP - 752 PB - WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-47909 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Kratzig, Andreas A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Kranzmann, Axel A1 - Knauer, S. T1 - Droplet corrosion of CO2 transport pipeline steels N2 - In this work, the focus was set on the corrosion process of condensate as drops on the surface of carbon steels (X52, X70), martensitic steel UNS S41500, and superaustenite UNS N08031 in CO2 atmosphere with impurities at 278 K (to simulate the transportation condition in a buried pipeline). Exposure tests were performed at both normal pressure and high pressure where CO2 is supercritical or in dense phase. The drop, 1 ‑ 10 μL in volume, was prepared by dropping CO2 saturated ultra-pure water onto the surface of steel coupons in a one-liter-autoclave. The CO2 gas stream, simulating the oxyfuel flue gas with varying concentration of impurities (SO2 and O2 ), was then pumped into the autoclave to observe the condensation and corrosion impacts of impurities. Comparable exposure tests were carried out with the same gas mixture and the same volume of water as vapor to observe the drop formation and the corrosion process that follows. The wettability and stability of drops on the surface of steel coupons in CO2 supercritical/dense phase environment was evaluated additionally by contact angle measurement. T2 - NACE International Annual Corrosion Conference CY - Phoenix, AZ, USA DA - 15.04.2018 KW - Geothermal KW - Coating KW - SiO2 KW - Polyaniline KW - Corrosion PY - 2018 SP - 10845, 1 EP - 11 PB - Omnipress CY - Houston AN - OPUS4-44917 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Yevtushenko, Oleksandra A1 - Carillo Salgado, I. T1 - Corrosion behavior of highly alloyed steels in artificial saline aquifer fluids containing carbon dioxide N2 - C02-corrosion on piping steels might cause problems during injection of flue gases for their storage in deep geological aquifer fluids. Therefore, the selection of appropriate piping steels is a key factor to increase safety and reliability of the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology, and to keep the process cost-efficient. Within the project COORAL (German acronym for “C02 purity for capture and storage”) corrosion studies on injection piping steels exposed to C02 and artificial brine with high Chloride concentration have been carried out. Corrosion of the injection pipe in C02-rich aquifer fluid may occur within the aquifer brine or when at injection interruptions the aquifer fluid may flow back into the injection pipe. Because of high salinity of aquifer brine and C02-corrosion an appropriate material ranking of injection piping steels should be made. Corrosion resistance of steels 1.4034, 1.4021, 1.4542, 1.4162 and 1.4562 was investigated in a corrosive environment using electrochemical and metallographic techniques. Electrochemical experiments in order to investigate the surface corrosion kinetics and polarization measurements in order to investigate localized corrosion phenomena have been carried out. Critical pitting potentials and repassivation potentials were determined by polarization curves of investigated materials and compared with measured corrosion potentials. Measured values were used in order to determine the suitability and performance of tested steels in C02-injection conditions. T2 - Latincorr 2014 - IX Latin American congress of corrosion CY - Medellín, Colombia DA - 28.10.2014 KW - Highly alloyed steels KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Pitting corrosion PY - 2014 SP - Paper 2445981, 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-32746 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rütters, H. A1 - Fischer, S. A1 - Le, Quynh A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Maßmann, J. A1 - Ostertag-Henning, C. A1 - Wolf, J. Lennard A1 - Pumpa, M. A1 - Lubenau, U. A1 - Knauer, S. A1 - Jaeger, P. A1 - Neumann, A. A1 - Svensson, K. A1 - Lempp, C. A1 - Menezes, F. A1 - Hagemann, B. T1 - Towards defining reasonable minimum composition thresholds – impacts of variable CO2 stream compositions on transport, injection and storage N2 - The collaborative project “Impacts of impurities in CO2 streams captured from different emitters in a regional cluster on transport, injection and storage (CLUSTER)” aimed to set up recommendations on how to define “reasonable minimum composition thresholds” that CO2 streams should meet when accessing CO2 transport pipeline networks. Within CLUSTER, we investigated potential impacts of CO2 streams with different and temporally variable compositions and mass flow rates along the whole CCS chain. Investigations included, amongst others, impacts on: Corrosion of pipeline steel, pipeline network design and related transport costs, alteration of well bore cements, pressure development and rock integrity, geochemical reactions, and petrophysical and geomechanical rock properties. All investigations are based on a generic CCS chain scenario. In this scenario, CO2 streams are captured from a spatial cluster of eleven emitters and collected in a regional pipeline network. Emitters comprise seven fossil fuel-fired power plants equipped with different capture technologies, two cement plants, one refinery and one integrated iron and steel plant. In total, 19.78 Mio t CO2 (including impurities) are captured in the emitter cluster annually. The combined CO2 stream is transported in a trunk line with a length of 400 km (100 km of these offshore) and is injected into five generic storage structures. The storage reservoirs are saline aquifers of the Buntsandstein. The investigations revealed beneficial and deteriorating impacts of different impurities and combinations thereof. Overall, no fundamental technical obstacles for transporting, injecting and storing CO2 streams of the modelled variable compositions and mass flow rates were observed. Based on the results, the CLUSTER project team recommends not to define “minimum composition thresholds” for CO2 streams as strict threshold values for each individual impurity in the stream. Instead, CO2 stream compositions and variabilities for specific CCS projects should be constrained with regard to a set of parameters including i) the overall CO2 content, ii) maximum contents of relevant impurities or elements, iii) acceptable variability of CO2 stream composition, and iv) impurity combinations to be avoided. T2 - 15th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-15 CY - Online meeting DA - 15.03.2021 KW - Corrosion KW - Impurities KW - CO2 quality KW - Pipeline network KW - Whole-chain CCS scenario KW - Recommendations PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3816427 SP - 1 EP - 18 AN - OPUS4-52418 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Review: Polymer Coatings ‐ A Guide to Chemistry, Characterization, and Selected Applications N2 - This book grew out of a course on polymer coatings held by the author at the university. It shall serve as an introduction to the wide field of polymer coatings. It is not intended to cover completely all facts on polymer coatings. All chapters are well structured. Selected figures and formulas illustrate the content and contribute to a good understandability. At the end of each chapter some hints for further reading are provided. Finally, the book fulfills its intention to introduce into the topic by providing basics on science and technology of polymer coatings, suitable for chemists in industry, materials scientists, polymer chemists and physical chemists. KW - Corrosion KW - Coating KW - Polymer PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202070024 SN - 1521-4176 SN - 0947-5117 VL - 71 IS - 2 SP - 321 EP - 322 PB - WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-50374 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stoljarova, A. A1 - Regenspurg, S. A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Mathiesen, T. A1 - Braüner Nielsen, J. T1 - Effect of lead and copper containing brine on steel materials for geothermal applications – A corrosion study N2 - Geothermal brines often contain high amounts of lead and copper ions that can precipitate as native Cu and Pb as consequence of galvanic corrosion when brines react with carbon steel materials. This contribution evaluates which materials could overcome the problem of galvanic corrosion at geothermal environment. The behavior of these materials in water containing high chloride concentration (> 100 g/L NaCl) as well as various amounts of dissolved bCl2 and/or CuCl2 was characterized by electrochemical and exposure measurements. Both methods reveal carbon steel suffers corrosion susceptibility, accompanied by Cu◦ and/or Pb◦ precipitation on the surface. Electrochemical measurements on stainless steels result in significant difference in corrosion and repassivation potentials (Ecorr = -189 mV, Erep = 70 mV), indicating a good corrosion resistance. KW - Copper KW - Lead KW - Corrosion KW - Steel KW - Geothermal energy PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2020.102024 SN - 0375-6505 VL - 91 SP - NIL_75 EP - NIL_85 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-51976 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Faes, W. A1 - Lecompte, S. A1 - van Bael, J. A1 - Salenbien, R. A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Bellemans, I. A1 - Cools, P. A1 - de Geyter, N. A1 - Morent, R. A1 - Verbeken, K. A1 - de Paepe, M. T1 - Corrosion behaviour of different steel types in artificial geothermal fluids N2 - Geothermal energy is an interesting alternative to polluting fossil energy sources. Therefore, in Belgium, two wells have been drilled for a deep geothermal power plant. However, the environment to which the installations are exposed is challenging. The geothermal brine has 165 g/l total dissolved solids (of which 90% are sodium and chlorine) and the production temperature can be up to 130 °C. To assess their suitability to be used in a geothermal power plant, the corrosivity of the artificial brine to three common construction materials was investigated with exposure and electrochemical tests. The metals under consideration are a low-alloyed carbon steel (S235JR), an austenitic stainless steel (UNS S31603) and a duplex stainless steel (UNS S31803). The carbon steel, that was found to corrode uniformly, could be considered as a constructional material if a sufficient wall thickness is chosen. The austenitic stainless steel and the duplex stainless steel demonstrate very low uniform corrosion rates. They are however susceptible to pitting and crevice corrosion. To guarantee safe operation of the geothermal power plant, the susceptibility of the alloys to stress corrosion cracking should be tested and in situ experiments should be performed. KW - Geothermal energy KW - Corrosion KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Carbon steel KW - Stainless steel PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2019.05.018 SN - 0375-6505 VL - 82 IS - 11 SP - 182 EP - 189 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-48759 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weltschev, Margit A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Werner, H. A1 - Alves, H. A1 - Behrens, R. T1 - Corrosion-resistant higher-alloyed metallic materials for the transport of corrosive dangerous goods in tanks T2 - CORROSION 2006 CY - San Diego, CA, USA DA - 2006-03-12 KW - BAM-List KW - Dangerous goods KW - High-alloyed metallic tank materials KW - Corrosion tests KW - Korrosionsbeständigkeit KW - Tankwerkstoffe KW - Korrosionsuntersuchungen KW - Höherlegierte metallische Werkstoffe KW - BAM-Liste PY - 2006 SP - 06688/1 EP - 06688/12 PB - NACE CY - San Diego AN - OPUS4-12281 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Eich, Gerd T1 - Portable Equipment for Determination of Corrosion Stage of Concrete Structures - Comparison of Laboratory and On-Site Experiences T2 - Western States Corrosion Seminar : 40th CY - San Diego, CA, USA DA - 2006-03-12 KW - Galvanostatic Pulse KW - Reinforcement Corrosion KW - Corrosion Rate PY - 2006 SP - 06407\1 EP - 06407\11 PB - NACE CY - Houston AN - OPUS4-12151 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Suitability of portable electrochemical techniques for determination of corrosion stage of concrete structures in on-site conditions T2 - IABMAS Conference CY - Oporto, Portugal DA - 2006-07-17 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12134 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Electrochemical determination of corrosion related values for reinforced concrete structures T2 - Internat Corrosion Conference CY - Lviv, Ukraine DA - 2006-06-05 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12132 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weltschev, Margit A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Bewertung der Beständigkeit von hochlegierten Sonderedelstählen und Nickellegierungen für den Transport von Gefahrgütern T2 - 8. Dresdener Korrosionsschutztage CY - Dresden, Deutschland DA - 2007-10-24 KW - Korrosionsbeständigkeit KW - Korrosionsuntersuchungen KW - Sonderedelstähle KW - Nickellegierungen KW - Gefahrgüter KW - BAM-Liste PY - 2007 IS - (Teil 1) SP - 1 EP - 16 CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-16077 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Korrosionserscheinungen und deren Auswirkungen in Tankbehältern T2 - UIP-Reinheitsschlüssel, Alstom LHB CY - Levallois-Perret, France DA - 2007-05-08 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-14796 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Weltschev, Margit ED - Wieland, H.-J. ED - Brockmann, S. T1 - Duplex steel's corrosion resistance compared to the austenite containing molybdenum N2 - In Germany the "BAM-List - Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous Goods" is the basis for substance-related prototype approvals for tank Containers undertaken by the BAM - Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing. Compatibility evaluations of selected metallic materials as well as of polymeric gasket and lining materials under the influence of approximately 7000 dangerous goods have been published in the BAM-List since 1989. The duplex Steel 1.4362 (2304, UNS S32304) was originally developed as substitute for the austenitic grades 1.4404 (316L, UNS S31603) and 1.4571 (316Ti, UNS S31635). Due to its characteristic profile this Steel was qualified for applications requiring high strength values at concomitant adequate corrosion resistance. Because of its lower content of the alloy elements nickel and molybdenum this duplex Steel is a cost-efficient alternative to the molybdenum containing austenite. Only a limited number of corrosion test results of 1.4362 under the influence of dangerous goods published in the BAM-List were available. Therefore test specimens of this Steel were exposed to selected corrosive substances. Due to the reduced alloy content a reduced corrosion resistance of the duplex Steel 1.4362 in acidic substances, such as formic acid, acetic acid and sulfuric acid, in comparison to the austenitic CrNiMosteels was observed. Tests in the alkaline medium showed a sufficient resistance. T2 - SCT2014 - 4th International conference on steels in cars and trucks CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 15.06.2014 KW - Duplexsteel KW - Dangerous goods PY - 2014 SN - 978-3-514-00813-7 SP - Paper 039, 316 EP - 323 PB - Verl. Stahleisen GmbH CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-31034 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Eich, Gerd A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Isecke, Bernd T1 - Corrosion Monitoring im Bauwesen T2 - 29. Darmstädter Massivbauseminar, "Sicherheitsgewinn durch Monitoring?" CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 2006-09-14 KW - Potentialfeldmessung KW - Galvanische Pulsmessung KW - Feuchtemessung KW - Korrosionssensoren PY - 2006 SP - 115 EP - 135 PB - Freunde des Instituts für Massivbau der Technischen Universität Darmstadt CY - Darmstadt AN - OPUS4-13719 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Frolund, T. A1 - Klinghoffer, O. ED - Mietz, J. T1 - Use of portable equipment to determine the corrosion state of concrete structures PY - 2006 SN - 1-8456-9210-1 SN - 1354-5116 IS - 38 SP - 159 EP - 169 PB - Woodhead CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-14516 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Suitability of Metallic Materials in CC(U)S Applications N2 - Commercially available carbon steels are suitable for compression and pipelines as long as moisture content and impurities are limited. (water 50 to 100 ppmv, SO2 and NO2 ca. 100 ppmv). Corrosion rates increase with increasing water content. (0.2 – 20 mm/a). Condensation of acids and therefore droplet formation is always possible, even at low water contents. A low SO2 content within the CO2-stream might be more important than a low water content. Cr13-steels showed a general susceptibility to shallow pitting and pitting. So, they seem to be not suitable for CCUS applications. Low alloyed steels showed better corrosion behavior. � (predictable uniform corrosion) For direct contact with saline aquifer fluids only high alloyed steels shall be used. T2 - EUROCORR 2021 CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 20.09.2021 KW - Carbon capture storage KW - Corrosion KW - Steel KW - CCS KW - CCU KW - CO2 PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53461 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -