TY - CONF A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Kombination unterschiedlicher elektronenmikroskopischer Verfahren zur Werkstoffcharakterisierung am Beispiel von Bremsbelägen T2 - Workshop "Rasterelektronenmikroskopieunter variablem Kammerdruck" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2002-05-28 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-6107 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - The focused ion beam technique - eine interessante Alternative, auch für konventionelle Werkstoffe T2 - VDEh-Arbeitskreis, Elektronenmicroskopie CY - Duisburg, Germany DA - 2002-11-07 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-6108 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Reibschichtbildung und mögliche Einflüsse auf Reibschwingungen bei einem Bahn-Bremsbelag T2 - VDI-Tagung "Reibung und Schwingungen in Fahrzeugen, Maschinen und Anlagen" CY - Hanover, Germany DA - 2002-11-26 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-6109 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Tribologische und biologische Bewertung neuer Verschleißschutzschichten für Metall-Keramik-Paarungen bei Endoprothesen T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Biomaterialien (DGBM) 2004 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2004-10-07 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-6840 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Senoner, Mathias A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Kaiander, I. A1 - Sellin, R. L. A1 - Bimberg, D. ED - Wilkening, G. ED - Koenders, L. T1 - Testing the Lateral Resolution in the Nanometre Range with a New Type of Certified Reference Material T2 - NanoScale 2004 Seminar ; 6th Seminar on Quantitative Microscopy ; 2nd Seminar on Nanoscale Calibration Standards and Methods CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 2004-03-25 KW - Laterale Auflösung KW - Nanometrologie KW - Nanotechnologie KW - Oberflächenanalytik KW - Zertifiziertes Referenzmaterial PY - 2004 SN - 3-527-40502-X DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/3527606661.ch21 SP - 282 EP - 294 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-7541 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bauer, Gisela A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Cavalcanti-Pinto, H. ED - Mücklich, F. T1 - REM-Untersuchung des Oxidschichtwachstums auf der einkristallinen Nickelbasis-Superlegierung SRR 99 T2 - 34. Metallographie-Tagung CY - Saarbrücken, Deutschland DA - 2000-09-13 PY - 2001 SN - 3-88355-296-8 N1 - Serientitel: Sonderbände der praktischen Metallographie – Series title: Sonderbände der praktischen Metallographie VL - 32 SP - 293 EP - 297 PB - Mat Info, Werkstoff-Informationsges. CY - Frankfurt AN - OPUS4-7640 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gesatzke, Wolfgang A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Rooch, Heidemarie A1 - Urban, Ingrid ED - Portella, Pedro Dolabella T1 - Präparation von Mikro-Querschnitten mit dem fokussierten Ionenstrahl (FIB) T2 - 37. Metallographie-Tagung CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2003-09-17 PY - 2004 SN - 3-88355-322-0 SN - 0343-3579 N1 - Serientitel: Sonderbände der praktischen Metallographie – Series title: Sonderbände der praktischen Metallographie IS - 35 SP - 145 EP - 149 PB - Werkstoff-Informationsges. CY - Frankfurt AN - OPUS4-7641 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ressel, P. A1 - Hao, P.H. A1 - Park, M.H. A1 - Yang, Z. C. A1 - Wang, L.C. A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Kurpas, P. A1 - Richter, E. A1 - Kuphal, E. A1 - Hartnagel, H.L. T1 - Pd/Sb(Zn) and Pd/Ge(Zn) Ohmic Contacts on p-Type Indium Gallium Arsenide: The Employment of the Solid Phase Regrowth Principle to Achieve Optimum Electrical and Metallurgical Properties N2 - The development of two metallizations based on the solid-phase regrowth principle is presented, namely Pd/Sb(Zn) and Pd/Ge(Zn) on moderately doped In0.53Ga0.47As (p=4×1018 cm-3). Contact resistivities of 2–3×10-7 and 6–7×10-7 ?cm2, respectively, have been achieved, where both systems exhibit an effective contact reaction depth of zero and a Zn diffusion depth below 50 nm. Exhibiting resistivities equivalent to the lowest values of Au-based systems in this doping range, especially Pd/Sb(Zn) contacts are superior to them concerning metallurgical stability and contact penetration. Both metallizations have been successfully applied for contacting the base layer of InP/In0.53Ga0.47As heterojunction bipolar transistors. KW - Ohmic contacts KW - Indium gallium arsenide KW - InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor KW - Solid-phase regrowth KW - Pd/Ge contacts KW - Pd/Sb contacts KW - Backside secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) PY - 2000 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-000-0189-y SN - 0361-5235 SN - 1543-186X VL - 29 IS - 7 SP - 964 EP - 972 PB - TMS CY - Warrendale, Pa. AN - OPUS4-7642 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reier, T. A1 - Schultze, J.W. A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Buchal, Ch. T1 - The growth of aligned AIN-nanocrystals in aluminium after nitrogen-ion implantation at 330 K KW - AIN KW - Al2O3 KW - Ion implantation KW - Diffusion KW - Nanocrystals PY - 2001 SN - 0040-6090 VL - 385 SP - 29 EP - 35 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-7643 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Bettge, Dirk T1 - Vergleich von Methoden zur Charakterisierung von Bremsbelag-Oberflächen / A Comparison of Methods for Characterizing Brake Lining Surfaces PY - 2004 SN - 0032-678X N1 - Sprachen: Deutsch/Englisch - Languages: German/English VL - 41 IS - 10 SP - 494 EP - 505 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-7644 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Urban, Ingrid T1 - Friction layers and friction films on PMC brake pads N2 - A rather new tool, the focused ion beam (FIB) technique, was used to characterise superficial layers at micro-contact areas of a commercial brake pad. The friction material was a polymer matrix composite (PMC) with approximately 50% metal content (semi-metallic) and the counter part was a cast iron rotor. Though the contact areas were not visible as topographic features, they could be identified with the aid of their increased secondary electron emission during FIB-scanning of the surface after tribological activation. Target preparation of micron-sized cross-sections with the FIB enabled the study of superficial layers at predetermined sites at high magnification. Depending on the constituent of the pad, one, two or three layers were identified. The three layer structure comprised: (i) a 100 nm thick friction film containing nanocrystalline metal oxides and an amorphous phase which was enriched with sulphur, (ii) a nanocrystalline friction layer of compacted wear debris accommodating surface roughness and (iii) a severely deformed layer if the supporting constituent was a metal particle. Though the majority of loose wear particles was iron oxide, the friction film which adhered tightly to the pad surface contained a large amount of copper and sulphur, whereas zinc was transferred to the cast iron rotor. KW - Brake KW - Friction film KW - Friction layer KW - Oxidational wear KW - FIB PY - 2004 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2003.12.017 SN - 0043-1648 VL - 257 IS - 1-2 SP - 215 EP - 226 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-7645 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Oder, Gabriele A1 - Österle, Werner ED - Portella, Pedro Dolabella T1 - Anwendungsbeispiele für die Elektronenstrahl-Mikrosonde T2 - 37. Metallographie-Tagung CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2003-09-17 PY - 2004 SN - 3-88355-322-0 SN - 0343-3579 N1 - Serientitel: Sonderbände der praktischen Metallographie – Series title: Sonderbände der praktischen Metallographie IS - 35 SP - 141 EP - 144 PB - Werkstoff-Informationsges. CY - Frankfurt AN - OPUS4-7690 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dück, Alexander A1 - Gamer, Nadja A1 - Gesatzke, Wolfgang A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Urban, Ingrid T1 - Ti/TiN multilayer coatings: deposition technique, characterization and mechanical properties N2 - Ti/TiN multilayer coatings with multilayer periods in the range 5–50 nm and a final thickness of 2 µm were deposited on steel substrates by cyclic modulation of nitrogen gas flow into the chamber of a PVD sputtering device. Coating characterization was performed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, glancing-angle X-ray diffraction and instrumental indentation testing. Individual a-titanium and titanium nitride layers were always observed, although for the finer microstructures, the TiN layers were thicker than the Ti layers by a factor three. The plastic hardness of the films increased steadily with decreasing layer spacing, following a Hall–Petch relationship. Finally, a hardness value of 42 GPa was reached, which is similar to that of a thick TiN monolayer, prepared under the same coating conditions. KW - Ti/TiN KW - Multilayer KW - Magnetron sputtering KW - Mechanical properties KW - Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) PY - 2001 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01171-9 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 142-144 SP - 579 EP - 584 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-7646 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Effner, Ute A1 - Glaubitz, Steffen A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Rudolph, Edith ED - Ziegler, G. T1 - Charakterisierung hochfester ZrO2-Werkstoffe T2 - Werkstoffwoche '96 (WW) CY - Stuttgart, Deutschland DA - 1996-05-28 PY - 1997 SN - 3-88355-234-8 VL - 6 SP - 691 EP - 702 PB - DGM Informationsges. CY - Frankfurt AN - OPUS4-2635 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bauer, Gisela A1 - Frenz, Holger A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Wedell, Wolfgang ED - Aldinger, F. T1 - Ermüdungsverhalten kugelgestrahlter Proben aus IN 738 LC bei 650°C T2 - Werkstoffwoche '96 (WW) CY - Stuttgart, Deutschland DA - 1996-05-28 PY - 1997 SN - 3-88355-235-6 N1 - Serientitel: Werkstoffwoche '96 Symposium – Series title: Werkstoffwoche '96 Symposium IS - 7 SP - 403 EP - 408 PB - DGM Informationsges. CY - Frankfurt AN - OPUS4-2636 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Jiao, F. A1 - Ziebs, Josef ED - Aldinger, F. T1 - Mechanisches Verhalten der Legierung 800H unter zyklischer zweiachsiger Beanspruchung T2 - Werkstoffwoche '96 (WW) CY - Stuttgart, Deutschland DA - 1996-05-28 PY - 1997 SN - 3-88355-235-6 N1 - Serientitel: Werkstoffwoche '96 Symposium – Series title: Werkstoffwoche '96 Symposium IS - 7 SP - 361 EP - 366 PB - DGM Informationsges. CY - Frankfurt AN - OPUS4-2637 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Urban, Ingrid A1 - Gesatzke, Wolfgang A1 - Rooch, Heidemarie ED - Bartz, Wilfried J. T1 - Characterization and evaluation of the formation of friction layers during braking with conventional PMC friction material against a cast iron rotor T2 - 14th International Colloquium Tribology, "Tribology and Lubrication Engineering" CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 2004-01-13 PY - 2004 SN - 3-924813-54-X VL - 1 SP - 483 EP - 489 PB - Techn. Akad. Esslingen CY - Ostfildern AN - OPUS4-3494 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Bohrer für den Nanometerbereich - Mikrobearbeitung und Gefügedarstellung mit der Technik des fokussierten Ionenstrahls (FIB) KW - FIB KW - Mikrobearbeitung KW - TEM KW - Nanotechnologie PY - 2004 DO - https://doi.org/10.3139/120.100573 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 113 EP - 117 PB - Carl Hanser Verlag CY - München AN - OPUS4-3495 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Gesatzke, Wolfgang A1 - Rooch, Heidemarie A1 - Urban, Ingrid T1 - Charakterisierung tribologischer Kontakte mit FIB und TEM KW - FIB KW - TEM KW - Verbundwerkstoff KW - Bremse KW - Diamantschicht PY - 2004 SN - 0032-678X N1 - Sprachen: Deutsch/Englisch - Languages: German/English VL - 41 IS - 4 SP - 166 EP - 179 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-3496 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudolf, A. A1 - Kaiser, W.-D. A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Engelhardt, Monika A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Zum Zusammenhang von Filiformkorrosion und Gefüge von Aluminiumlegierungen, Teil I PY - 2002 SN - 0002-6689 N1 - Sprachen: Deutsch/Englisch - Languages: German/English VL - 78 IS - 7/8 SP - 596 EP - 601 PB - Giesel CY - Isernhagen AN - OPUS4-2074 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudolf, A. A1 - Kaiser, W.-D. A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Engelhardt, Monika A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Zum Zusammenhang von Filiformkorrosion und Gefüge von Aluminiumlegierungen, Teil II PY - 2002 SN - 0002-6689 N1 - Sprachen: Deutsch/Englisch - Languages: German/English VL - 78 IS - 11 SP - 994 EP - 1000 PB - Giesel CY - Isernhagen AN - OPUS4-2075 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Berechnung des Streckgrenzenbeitrags plättchenförmiger Teilchen auf der Grundlage einer quantitativen Gefügeanalyse mit dem TEM PY - 1984 SN - 0032-678X VL - 21 SP - 377 EP - 389 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-2395 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Aurich, Dietmar A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella A1 - Ziebs, Josef T1 - Werkstoffprüfung einkristalliner Superlegierungen für Turbinenschaufeln T2 - Symposium Materialforschung CY - Bonn, Deutschland PY - 1988 IS - 8 SP - 358 EP - 367 CY - Bonn AN - OPUS4-2455 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Aurich, Dietmar A1 - Helms, Rolf A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella A1 - Ziebs, Josef T1 - Untersuchungen an einkristallinen Superlegierungen für Turbinenschaufeln T2 - VDEh-Vortragsveranstaltung "Stähle für den Stahlbau" CY - Düsseldorf, Deutschland DA - 1988-04-26 PY - 1988 SN - 3-514-00407-2 SP - 140 EP - 150 PB - Verl. Stahleisen CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-2456 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Österle, Werner ED - Hornbogen, E. ED - Jost, N. T1 - Microstructure strength relationship of low carbon martensite T2 - 1st European Conference on Martensitic Transformation in Science and Technology CY - Bochum, Germany DA - 1989-01-01 PY - 1989 SN - 3-88355-153-8 SP - 465 EP - 472 PB - DGM Informationsges. CY - Oberursel AN - OPUS4-2457 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aurich, Dietmar A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - On the combination of elementary strengthening mechanisms in a microalloyed steel PY - 1990 SN - 0863-4947 VL - 14 SP - 109 EP - 115 PB - Akad.-Verl. CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2458 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gesatzke, Wolfgang A1 - Metzner, M. A1 - Müllner, M. A1 - Österle, Werner ED - Hougardy, H.-P. T1 - Möglichkeiten der Gefügevariation bei einem mikrolegierten Stahl - Einfluß auf mechanische Eigenschaften T2 - 23. Metallographie-Tagung CY - Braunschweig, Deutschland DA - 1989-09-27 PY - 1990 SN - 0343-3579 N1 - Serientitel: Sonderbände der praktischen Metallographie – Series title: Sonderbände der praktischen Metallographie IS - 21 SP - 99 EP - 106 PB - Riederer CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-2459 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Materna-Morris, E. A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Schwaab, P. T1 - Röntgenmikroanalyse im Elektronenmikroskop, Teil II: Härtbare, warmfeste Stähle PY - 1990 SN - 0032-678X VL - 27 SP - 383 EP - 402 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-2460 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Li, Pengxi T1 - Einfluß der Oberflächenbearbeitung auf Mikrostruktur und Schädigungsmechanismus bei Hochtemperaturermüdung PY - 1990 SN - 3-18-140305-9 N1 - Serientitel: Fortschritt-Berichte VDI : Reihe 5, Grund- und Werkstoffe – Series title: Fortschritt-Berichte VDI : Reihe 5, Grund- und Werkstoffe IS - 203 SP - 140 EP - 154 PB - VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-2467 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krafka, Helmut A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Einfluß des Gefüges auf das Spaltbruchverhalten eines mikrolegierten perlifreien Baustahls T2 - 23. Vortragsveranstaltung des DVM-Arbeitskreises Bruchvorgänge CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 1991-02-26 PY - 1991 SN - 0943-3473 SP - 183 EP - 200 PB - Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung und -prüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2468 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Link, T. A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Röntgenmikroanalyse im Elektronenmikroskop, Teil IV: Superlegierungen PY - 1991 SN - 0032-678X VL - 28 SP - 101 EP - 114 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-2469 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Gesatzke, Wolfgang A1 - Byrne, G. T1 - TEM study on the effect of machining on the microstructure of a soft magnetic Ni76Fe17Cu5CrMo2 alloy PY - 1991 SN - 0179-4841 SN - 0044-3093 VL - 82 SP - 902 EP - 906 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-2470 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gesatzke, Wolfgang A1 - Li, Pengxi A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung von Fertigungseinflüssen auf das Werkstoffgefüge von Kfz-Legierungen T2 - Metallographie-Tagung CY - Friedrichshafen, Deutschland DA - 1991-09-11 PY - 1992 SN - 3-446-17157-6 SN - 0343-3579 N1 - Serientitel: Sonderbände der praktischen Metallographie – Series title: Sonderbände der praktischen Metallographie IS - 23 SP - 457 EP - 489 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-2471 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Li, Pengxi T1 - Development of nanocrystalline microstructures in nickel-base superalloys by grinding and mechanical alloying T2 - 10th European Congress on Electron Microscopy (EUREM) CY - Granada, Spain DA - 1992-09-07 PY - 1992 SP - 313 EP - 314 CY - Stockholm AN - OPUS4-2472 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klaar, H.J. A1 - Schwaab, P. A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Ringversuch zur quantitativen Ermittlung der Versetzungsdichte im Elektronenmikroskop PY - 1992 SN - 0032-678X VL - 29 SP - 3 EP - 25 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-2473 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Zur Problematik der elektronenmikroskopischen Ermittlung der Versetzungsdichte in kaltverformten kohlenstoffarmen Stählen PY - 1992 SN - 0032-678X VL - 29 SP - 400 EP - 413 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-2474 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Gesatzke, Wolfgang A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Skopp, André T1 - Characterization of defects in dry-pressed green bodies PY - 1994 SN - 1013-9826 VL - 89-91 SP - 763 EP - 767 PB - Trans Tech Publ. CY - Aedermannsdorf AN - OPUS4-2413 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Cho, C.-C. T1 - The role of grain size and ferrite substructure in respect to mechanical properties of an HSLA steel N2 - Several heat treatments were applied to an HSLA steel on type StE460 (German standard) to produce four ferrite substructures of different strength and at least two different grain sizes respectively. Whereas the ferrite substructure has a strong influence on yield strength the effect of grain size was negligible though probably to some extent masked by different pearlite volume fractions. The different strength levels could be explained by regarding the arrangement of dislocations and vanadium carbonitride particles and their mutual interaction. Increasing both grain size and pearlite volume fraction leads to a remarkable shift of transition temperature T sub 27J which was further enhanced by increasing ferrite strength. 16 ref.--AA PY - 1986 SN - 0177-4832 VL - 57 IS - 7 SP - 340 EP - 343 PB - Verl. Stahleisen CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-2452 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Gesatzke, Wolfgang ED - Hansen, N. T1 - Investigation of the recovery process during long-term annealing of a 2.25Cr-1Mo steel T2 - 7th Risø International Symposium on Metallurgy and Materials Science ; 7th Risø International Symposium on Annealing Processes - Recovery, Recrystallization and Grain Growth CY - Roskilde, Denmark DA - 1986-09-08 PY - 1986 SN - 87-550-1250-7 VL - 7 SP - 481 EP - 485 PB - Risø National Laboratory CY - Roskilde, Denmark AN - OPUS4-2453 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Gefüge und Festigkeit metallischer Werkstoffe PY - 1987 SN - 0028-1042 SN - 1432-1904 VL - 77 SP - 317 EP - 325 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2454 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Li, Pengxi T1 - Mikrostruktur eines ODS-Pulvers auf Nickelbasis nach dem mechanischen Legieren PY - 1993 SN - 0179-4841 SN - 0044-3093 VL - 84 SP - 85 EP - 90 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-2475 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frohberg, G. A1 - Olschewski, Jürgen A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Wahi, R.P. A1 - Wever, H. A1 - Ziebs, Josef T1 - Die Superlegierung IN 738 LC: Ihr Verfestigungs- und Verformungsverhalten PY - 1993 SN - 0176-263X VL - 39-41 IS - 10 SP - 28 EP - 35 PB - Presse- u. Informationsreferat d. TU CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2476 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Li, Pengxi T1 - Microstructural changes induced by grinding of nickel-base superalloy IN 738 LC and their relationship to machining parameters PY - 1994 SN - 0179-4841 SN - 0044-3093 VL - 85 SP - 20 EP - 27 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-2477 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Microstructure strength relationships for LC and HSLA steels PY - 1994 SN - 0177-4832 VL - 65 SP - 338 EP - 344 PB - Verl. Stahleisen CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-2478 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Urban, Ingrid A1 - Nebauer, E. T1 - Alloying reactions of Au-Ni-Ge ohmic contacts to n-GaAs PY - 1994 SP - 781 EP - 782 CY - Les Ulis AN - OPUS4-2479 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Ziebs, Josef T1 - Temperature dependence of additional cyclic hardening of the nickel-base superalloy IN 738 LC during out-of-phase multiaxial deformation PY - 1995 SN - 1359-6462 SN - 1872-8456 VL - 32 IS - 10 SP - 1601 EP - 1606 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-2480 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Ziebs, Josef T1 - Temperature dependence of yield strength and elongation of the nickel-base superalloy IN 738 LC and the corresponding microstructural evolution PY - 1995 SN - 0179-4841 SN - 0044-3093 VL - 86 SP - 190 EP - 197 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-2481 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jiao, Feng A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella A1 - Ziebs, Josef T1 - Biaxial path-dependence of low-cycle fatigue behaviour and microstructure of alloy 800 H at room temperature N2 - Low-cycle fatigue experiments under combined axial-torsional loading have been carried out on alloy 800 H tubular specimens at room temperature. In comparison with proportional loading, an extra cyclic hardening effect produced by nonproportional loading was observed. The microstructure study highlights the fact that the dislocation arrangement under proportional loading is significantly different from that under nonproportional loading. Mechanical twinning was found in specimens cycled under axial loading and nonproportional loading. It is suggested that mechanical twinning depends not only on shear stress but also on normal stress on the plane of maximum shearing. The extra hardening can be interpreted in terms of the deformation microstructure. Fatigue cracking was initiated generally at the specimen surfaces along the plane of maximum shearing, but under nonproportional loading cracks were found also in the bulk of the specimens. Transcrystalline crack propagation was observed in the specimens after proportional and nonproportional LCF tests. PY - 1995 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(94)09690-2 SN - 0921-5093 SN - 1873-4936 VL - 196 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 24 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-2503 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Merkel, U. A1 - Nebauer, E. A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Würfl, J. ED - Brueck, S. R. J. T1 - RTA-treated ohmic contacts to GaAs containing WSiN barriers T2 - MRS Spring Meeting on Rapid Thermal and Integrated Processing CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 1995-04-17 PY - 1995 SN - 1-558-99290-1 SN - 0272-9172 N1 - Serientitel: Materials Research Society symposium proceedings – Series title: Materials Research Society symposium proceedings IS - 387 SP - 431 EP - 436 PB - Materials Research Soc. CY - Pittsburgh, Pa. AN - OPUS4-2504 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kuhmann, J. A1 - Harde, P. A1 - Pech, O. A1 - Pittroff, W. A1 - Preuß, A. A1 - Adolphi, B. A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Österle, Werner ED - Reichl, H. T1 - Fluxless flip-chip bonding for the photonic assembly - comparison between evaporated SnPb (60/40) and AuSn (80/20) solder T2 - 5th International Conference on Micro-Electro-, -Opto-, -Mechanical Systems and Components CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 1996-09-17 PY - 1996 SN - 3-8007-2200-3 VL - 5 SP - 91 EP - 97 PB - VDE-Verl. CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2544 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Urban, Ingrid A1 - Klein, A. A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Merkel, U. T1 - Phasenbildung in Metall-Halbleiterkontaktschichten und Präparationstechnik für TEM-Untersuchung T2 - 9. Internationale Metallographie-Tagung CY - Leoben, Deutschland DA - 1994-09-28 PY - 1995 SN - 3-446-18221-7 SN - 0343-3579 N1 - Serientitel: Sonderbände der praktischen Metallographie – Series title: Sonderbände der praktischen Metallographie IS - 26 SP - 339 EP - 349 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-2505 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Österle, Werner ED - Liu, G. T1 - Alternative approaches to the microstructure-strength-relationship of LC and HSLA steels T2 - Third International Conference on HSLA Steels CY - Beijing, PR China DA - 1995-10-25 PY - 1995 SN - 7-504-62091-2 SP - 243 EP - 246 PB - China Science and Technology Press CY - Beijing AN - OPUS4-2506 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sievert, Rainer A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Olschewski, Jürgen A1 - Ziebs, Josef T1 - Physical interpretation of a viscoplastic model applied to high temperature performance of a nickel-base superalloy T2 - 7th International Conference on Mechanical Behaviour of Materials CY - The Hague, Netherlands DA - 1995-01-01 PY - 1995 SP - 557 EP - 558 CY - Den Haag AN - OPUS4-2507 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Jiao, F. A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Ziebs, Josef ED - Lütjering, G. T1 - An extended model of the tension-compression asymmetry of single crystal nickel-base superalloys T2 - 6th International Fatigue Congress CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 1996-05-06 PY - 1996 SN - 0-08-042268-3 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 885 EP - 889 PB - Pergamon CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-2508 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jiao, F. A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Ziebs, Josef T1 - Tension-compression asymmetry of the [001] single crystal nickel-base superalloy SC16 under cyclic loading at elevated temperatures PY - 1996 SN - 1359-6454 SN - 1873-2453 VL - 44 SP - 3933 EP - 3942 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Kidlington AN - OPUS4-2509 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Ressel, P. T1 - XTEM investigation of Ge/Pd shallow contact to p-IN0.53Ga0.47As N2 - Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and focused beam microdiffraction, was applied to study the solid-state reactions taking place during contact formation of the system Ge(115 nm)/Pd(50 nm)—In0.53Ga0.47As. In order to get information about the sequence of the different processes, rapid thermal, annealing experiments in the range 225–400 °C were performed. The following features were observed: at 225 °C Pd reacted with the substrate forming the quaternary phase PdxIn0.53Ga0.47As (x ˜ 4), and with the Ge-layer forming mainly PdGe and Pd2Ge. Between PdxIn0.53Ga0.47As and In0.53Ga0.47As, a 5 nm thick amorphous Pd-In-Ga-As layer remained, indicating that the first reaction step was solid-state amorphization. After annealing at 350 °C, PdxIn0.53Ga0.47As disappeared and regrowth of In0.53Ga0.47As occured. Finally, at 400 °C, residual Ge from the amorphous top layer diffused to the interface and grew epitaxially on the regrown In0.53Ga0.47As, thus separating the III–V compound semiconductor from the Pd-Ge reaction products. The interface remained flat, while only about 10 nm of the active In0.53Ga0.47As layer had been modified during the annealing processes. PY - 1996 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(96)01580-2 SN - 0921-5107 SN - 1873-4944 VL - 40 IS - 1 SP - 42 EP - 49 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-2513 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ressel, P. A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Urban, Ingrid A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Klein, A. A1 - Vogel, K. A1 - Kräutle, H. T1 - Transmission electron microscopy study of rapid thermally annealed Pd/Ge contacts on IN0.53Ga0.47As PY - 1996 SN - 0021-8979 SN - 1089-7550 VL - 88 SP - 3910 EP - 3914 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-2514 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klein, A. A1 - Urban, Ingrid A1 - Ressel, P. A1 - Nebauer, E. A1 - Merkel, U. A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Preparation, transmission electron microscopy, and microanalytical investigations of metal-III-V semiconductor interfaces PY - 1996 SN - 1044-5803 SN - 1873-4189 VL - 37 SP - 143 EP - 151 PB - Elsevier CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-2528 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Urban, Ingrid A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Schierhorn, Eike T1 - Interfaces between hard coating systems and substrates T2 - 11th European Conference on Electron Microscopy (EUREM-11) CY - Dublin, Ireland DA - 1996-08-26 PY - 1996 SN - 2-9600163-0-0 PB - CESM, Committee of European Societies of Microscopy CY - Brussels AN - OPUS4-2545 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Urban, Ingrid A1 - Nebauer, E. A1 - Ressel, P. ED - Thomann, H. T1 - Metallurgie von Ohmschen Kontakten auf aktiven Halbleiterschichten T2 - Werkstoffwoche '96 (WW) CY - Stuttgart, Deutschland DA - 1996-05-28 PY - 1997 SN - 3-88355-229-1 VL - 1 SP - 199 EP - 204 PB - DGM Informationsges. CY - Frankfurt AN - OPUS4-2546 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sievert, Rainer A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Olschewski, Jürgen A1 - Ziebs, Josef T1 - Physical interpretation of a viscoplastic model applied to high temperature performance of a nickel-base superalloy PY - 1997 SN - 0179-4841 SN - 0044-3093 VL - 88 SP - 416 EP - 424 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-2547 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Seah, M.P. A1 - Spencer, S.J. A1 - Bensebaa, F. A1 - Vickridge, I. A1 - Danzebrink, H. A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Wendler, E. A1 - Rheinländer, B. A1 - Azuma, Y. A1 - Kojima, I. A1 - Suzuki, N. A1 - Suzuki, M. A1 - Tanuma, S. A1 - Moon, D.W. A1 - Lee, H.J. A1 - Cho, H.M. A1 - Chen, H.Y. A1 - Wee, A. T. S. A1 - Osipowicz, T. A1 - Pan, J.S. A1 - Jordaan, W.A. A1 - Hauert, R. A1 - Klotz, U. A1 - van der Marel, C. A1 - Verheijen, M. A1 - Tamminga, Y. A1 - Jeynes, C. A1 - Bailey, P. A1 - Biswas, S. A1 - Falke, U. A1 - Nguyen, N.V. A1 - Chandler-Horowitz, D. A1 - Ehrstein, J.R. A1 - Muller, D. A1 - Dura, J.A. T1 - Ultra-thin SiO2 on Si, Part V: Results of a CCQM Pilot Study of Thickness Measurements KW - SiO2 KW - Thin films KW - Thickness KW - XPS KW - Ellipsometry KW - TEM PY - 2003 SN - 1473-2734 SP - 57 pages AN - OPUS4-4118 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Urban, Ingrid T1 - Third body formation on brake pads and rotors N2 - The surfaces of a brake pad and rotor were investigated after a run-in period during which a stable coefficient of friction had developed. The Focused Ion Beam Technique (FIB) was used to reveal tribologically induced surface films and for cross-sectional preparation of superficial layers. Additional information was obtained by TEM/EDS of thin lamellae prepared with the FIB and by surface analytical methods (GDOS, XPS and RS). Microscopic contact areas of the pad showed bright contrast in Scanning Ion Microscopy (SIM). This was attributed to severe plastic deformation finally leading to a nanocrystalline microstructure. Metallic particles of the pad, the so-called primary contact areas, were mostly covered with a smooth oxide layer of less than 1 µm thickness. Above this layer a thin (100 nm) partly amorphous film was often observed. The film was not only restricted to the metal particles, but also spread over adjacent regions, suggesting that secondary plateaus had formed. Similar layers and films, although with slightly different composition and structure, were also observed at the surface of the rotor. KW - Friction material KW - Friction layer KW - Friction film KW - Third body KW - Brake PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2005.04.021 SN - 0301-679X VL - 39 IS - 5 SP - 401 EP - 408 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-12309 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Li, Pengxi A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Influence of surface finishing on residual stress depth profiles of a coarse-grained nickel-base superalloy N2 - Residual stress depth profiles of a cast nickel-base superalloy were measured by regarding the deflections occurring in plate-shaped specimens while successively removing layers from the machined or treated surface by electropolishing. The results are in good agreement with previous findings showing (i) the influence of grinding parameters on the width of so-called white layers, which correspond to steep gradients of residual tensile stress, and (ii) a broad zone of compressive residual stress in the case of shot peening. KW - Superalloy KW - Residual stress KW - Grinding KW - Shot peening PY - 1999 SN - 0921-5093 SN - 1873-4936 VL - 262 IS - 1-2 SP - 308 EP - 311 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-13977 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dmitriev, A.I. A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Kloß, Heinz T1 - Numerical simulation of typical contact situations of brake friction materials N2 - In the paper, a model typical for contact situations of automotive brakes is established based on the method of movable cellular automata. The processes taking place at local contacts in an automotive brake system are analysed. Based on microscopic and micro-analytical observations, the following contact situations were simulated: (i) a couple of ferritic steel against pearlitic steel, both covered by an oxide layer mixed with graphite nanoparticles and (ii) the same situation but without oxide layers. The results of calculated mean coefficients of friction of the oxide-on-oxide contact correspond well to expected values for a real braking system, whereas steel-on-steel contact are twice as high. This allows one to make some conclusions; for example, oxide formation will take place more quickly than friction layer elimination, and finally this is responsible for the stabilisation of the coefficient of friction. KW - Friction KW - Primary contact KW - Automotive brake system KW - Numerical simulation KW - Method of movable cellular automata PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2007.04.001 SN - 0301-679X VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-15841 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kloß, Heinz A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Dmitriev, Andrey T1 - Verschleißverhalten unter Berücksichtigung kinetischer Modellbetrachtungen und Simulationsrechnungen mit der Methode der beweglichen zellularen Automaten (bzA) T2 - 47. Tribologie-Fachtagung - Reibung, Schmierung und Verschleiß - Forschung und praktische Anwendungen CY - Göttingen, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 PY - 2006 SN - 3-00-019670-6 VL - 1 SP - 5/1 EP - 5/10 CY - Aachen AN - OPUS4-15859 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Kloß, Heinz A1 - Urban, Ingrid A1 - Dmitriev, A.I. T1 - Towards a better understanding of brake friction materials N2 - This work focuses on surface changes induced by repeated brake applications and tries to provide explanations, how such material modifications might affect friction and wear properties of automotive disc brakes. Surface films were investigated locally by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after having prepared thin cross-sections with a focused ion beam instrument (FIB). Since the observed friction layers revealed a nanocrystalline structure, modelling with the method of movable cellular automata (MCA) was performed by assuming an array of linked nanometer-sized particles. In spite of complicated material combinations at the pad surface, two very characteristic features were always observed at both the pad and disc surface, namely a steel constituent—either ferritic (pad) or pearlitic (disc), partly covered with patches of nanocrystalline iron oxide, on a zone of severe plastic deformation with fragmented grain structure. When using an automata size of 10 nm, reasonable values for the mean coefficient of friction (COF) were obtained, namely 0.35 and 0.85 for oxide-on-oxide and metal-on-metal contacts, respectively. Immediately after brake application mass-mixing and bond-breaking was observed within a narrow zone at both surfaces. KW - Brake pad KW - Brake disc KW - Composite material KW - Friction layer KW - Third body KW - MCA-modelling PY - 2007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.12.020 SN - 0043-1648 VL - 263 IS - 7-12 SP - 1189 EP - 1201 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-15735 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hartelt, Manfred A1 - Wäsche, Rolf A1 - Djahanbakhsh, Mohammad A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Vergleich von Standard-Modell- und HIP-Simulator-Untersuchungen an Verschleißschutzschichten für Metall-Keramik-Paarungen bei Endoprothesen T2 - 48. Tribologie-Fachtagung "Reibung, Schmierung und Verschleiß - Forschung und praktische Anwendungen" CY - Göttingen, Deutschland DA - 2007-09-24 KW - Reibung KW - Verschleiß KW - Beschichtung KW - HIP-Simulation PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-00-022603-8 VL - 1 SP - 8/1 EP - 8/10 CY - Aachen AN - OPUS4-16102 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Klaffke, Dieter A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Gross, U. A1 - Kranz, I. A1 - Knabe, Ch. T1 - Potential of wear resistant coatings on Ti-6Al-4V for artificial hip joint bearing surfaces N2 - Tribological screening tests (simple, reciprocating ball-on-flat tests) were performed with the objective to identify an appropriate coating for the articulating surfaces of artificial hip joints whose acetabular cups and femoral stems are made from Ti–6Al–4V alloy, which is appreciated for its light weight, good biocompatibility and elastic properties similar to those of natural bone. Standard coatings like TiN or CrN performed better than more complicated multi-layer systems, though not as good as different types of amorphous carbon coatings, generally referred to as diamond-like carbon or DLC coatings. Among the latter, hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) displayed the best properties, especially if the hydrogen content was increased by reducing the bias voltage during PA-CVD-deposition. The optimised a-C:H coating revealed the most promising wear behaviour under the applied testing conditions, i.e. the increase of linear wear with the number of cycles was close to zero. Regarding the materials examined in this study, correlation of wear with mechanical properties obtained by nano-indentation revealed that high hardness was not an adequate criterion for selecting appropriate coatings. A high ratio of hardness and elastic modulus (H/E) proved to be more important. Microstructural and micro-analytical investigations revealed transformation of TiN and CrN to TiO2 and Cr2O3, respectively, and amorphous carbon was, at least partly, transformed to graphite. Furthermore, incorporation of Al2O3 from the ball was observed at a very fine scale. The wear debris of favourable coatings always formed agglomerates of nano-scale particles. It was shown that commercial nano-particles of Al2O3, Cr2O3 and carbon black are comparable to particles generated by the tribological tests. However, it is uncertain whether they are comparable to those formed during simulator studies or in vivo. Furthermore, the performance of the favourable coating has to be tested in a hip joint simulator before its potential for application in prostheses can be assessed. KW - Coating KW - Implant KW - Titanium alloy KW - DLC KW - Wear debris KW - Nano-particles PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2007.04.001 SN - 0043-1648 VL - 264 IS - 7-8 SP - 505 EP - 517 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-16711 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Dmitriev, Andrey T1 - Functionality of conventional brake friction materials - Perceptions from findings observed at different length scales N2 - Automotive braking is based on dry friction between fixed pads and a rotating disc. Besides macroscopic thermo-physical properties, the development of topographic features on the mesoscopic scale and the nanostructure of the third body formed by wear processes, determine brake performance properties. Whereas modelling on the atomistic scale is suitable to understand mechanisms leading to nanocrystalline surface films, the properties of such films can be assessed best with a model based on movable cellular automata (MCA). It turned out that the presence of at least 10% of soft nanoinclusions is most essential in respect to smooth sliding conditions. It made no major difference whether graphite or copper particles were assumed as soft nanoinclusions. The third body material is not only the stuff which spreads over contact areas, but it also contributes to contact size by wear particle compaction and formation of secondary contact areas. The evolution of contact size is the major feature of mesoscopic modelling and thus it is capable to model and explain dynamic changes of the coefficient of friction (COF) during certain brake operations. Although it is still ambiguous in many cases which feature has the major impact on friction behaviour, the following conclusions can be drawn. The reinforcing ingredients of the pad material serve as primary contact sites and thus define the starting condition for mesoscopic simulations. A certain amount of wear is necessary to provide a third body which is capable to form secondary contact sites and friction layers screening the first body materials. The composition and nanostructure of the third body is important as well, because it determines the friction level and is responsible for smooth sliding conditions. KW - Nanostructure KW - Microstructure KW - Mesostructure KW - Macrostructure KW - Modelling KW - Simulation PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.11.035 SN - 0043-1648 VL - 271 IS - 9-10 SP - 2198 EP - 2207 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-24177 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Rooch, Heidemarie A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Microstructural differences between two Zr(C,N) coatings revealed by analytical transmission electron microscopy N2 - The microstructures of two samples of a Zr(C,N) coating on steel, which unexpectedly differed in their tribological properties, were investigated by analytical transmission electron microscopy. The samples were produced by a cathodic arc evaporation process in two commercial coating devices under similar coating conditions with the exception of the number of Zr targets. The source of the differing tribological properties of the samples was detected by analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), energy filtering TEM (EFTEM), electron diffraction, high resolution electron microscopy, and high angel annular dark field. The TEM preparation and the results of the TEM investigations are shown in detail. The origin of the unexpected behavior was determined to be a nano-scale multilayer structure that existed only in the tribologically superior specimen. EDX and EFTEM investigations indicated enrichment in oxygen at the interface between coating and steel substrate in the tribologically inferior sample. Findings of the microstructural configuration were obtained by taking a closer look at the structure and comparing the results of the several analytical TEM techniques. This allows the allocation of the concentration fluctuations in N, C, and Zr to the two thickness fractions of the nano multilayers and a local correlation of the identified minority phase Zr3(C,N)4 to the higher N content in the narrower type of the multilayer fraction of the sample with the excellent tribological properties. The minority phase Zr3(C,N)4 is randomly distributed in the sample with the defective tribological properties. Coating conditions are not topic of this work, but after discussion of the TEM results, the fact that one of the coating devices worked with one Zr target and the other one with two, could be identified as cause for the formation of the nano multilayer structure in the sample with the superior tribological properties. KW - Analytical transmission electron microscopy KW - Tribological coatings KW - Multilayers KW - Analytical TEM KW - Coatings KW - Nano-multilayer PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2012.02.051 SN - 0040-6090 VL - 520 IS - 13 SP - 4275 EP - 4281 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-25657 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Dmitriev, A.I. A1 - Orts Gil, Guillermo A1 - Schneider, Thomas A1 - Ren, H. A1 - Sun, X. T1 - Verification of nanometre-scale modelling of tribofilm sliding behaviour N2 - A model based on movable cellular automata has been applied to study the sliding behaviour of tribofilms formed during automotive braking. Since it is not possible yet to determine the composition of real tribofilms quantitatively, final verification of modelling results is needed. This was done by preparing artificial third bodies with compositions and nanostructures matching the ones assumed for modelling. Pin-on-disc tests were performed while applying the artificial third bodies to the contact. The results revealed that not only the structure of the third body but also the amount of the applied normal pressure determines the COF obtained by modelling and that much better correlation between experimental and modelling results was obtained while assuming high normal pressures at asperity contacts. KW - Automotive braking KW - Third body KW - Modelling KW - Sliding simulation PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2013.02.018 SN - 0301-679X VL - 62 SP - 155 EP - 162 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-27946 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Steinborn, Gabriele A1 - Krietsch, Arne A1 - Langner, Jeanette A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - Physical-chemical characterization of NM105(P25) N2 - NM 105, Ti02 (P25) could not be ignited as dust layer and dispersed in air as dust/air-mixture as well. This dust is not dust explosible and the burning behaviour corresponds to Burning Class 1 (no Ignition). The results have shown that the tested sample is thus not combustible at all, because it is already oxidized completely. KW - OECD KW - WPMN KW - TiO2 KW - NM105 KW - P25 KW - Sponsorship programme PY - 2012 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-27322 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Österle, Werner ED - Czichos, Horst T1 - Sub-surface microstructural analysis N2 - Many performance properties of devices or interacting machine parts are related to superficial layers which often show completely different or at least modified microstructures compared to the bulk materials. A quasi non-destructive technique will be described which enables us to obtain detailed information of a material's state at a certain site of interest down to a depth of 10 µm from the surface with nanometre or even atomistic resolution. KW - FIB-Technik KW - Zielpräparation KW - Randschichtanalyse KW - Nanocharakterisierung PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-642-25849-7 SN - 978-3-642-25850-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25850-3_16 IS - Chapter 16 SP - 323 EP - 337 PB - Springer CY - Berlin Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-27644 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Orts Gil, Guillermo A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Deutsch, Cornelius A1 - Hinrichs, R. A1 - Vasconcellos, M.A.Z. A1 - Zoz, H. A1 - Yigit, D. A1 - Sun, X. T1 - Impact of high energy ball milling on the nanostructure of magnetite-graphite and magnetite-graphite-molybdenum disulphide blends N2 - Different, partly complementary and partly redundant characterization methods were applied to study the transition of magnetite, graphite and MoS2 powders to mechanically alloyed nanostructures. The applied methods were: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS), Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The main objective was to prepare a model material providing the essential features of a typical tribofilm forming during automotive braking, and to assess the impact of different constituents on sliding behaviour and friction level. Irrespective of the initial grain size, the raw materials were transferred to a nanocrystalline structure and mixed on a nanoscopic scale during high energy ball milling. Whereas magnetite remained almost unchanged, graphite and molybdenum disulphide were transformed to a nanocrystalline and highly disordered structure. The observed increase of the coefficient of friction was attributed to a loss of lubricity of the latter ingredient due to this transformation and subsequent oxidation. KW - Ball milling KW - Mössbauer spectroscopy KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - X-ray diffraction KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2013.09.007 SN - 1044-5803 SN - 1873-4189 VL - 86 SP - 28 EP - 38 PB - Elsevier Inc. CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-29697 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Dmitriev, Andrey A1 - Kloß, Heinz T1 - Assessment of sliding friction of a nanostructured solid lubricant film by numerical simulation with the method of movable cellular automata (MCA) N2 - Tribofilms formed during dry sliding usually exhibit a nanocrystalline structure and complicated composition. In the present study, tribofilms consisting mainly of a solid lubricant, namely graphite nanoparticles, are considered. Systems providing such tribofilms are candidates for anti-friction applications. Since sliding action always leads to mixing of the materials at both sides of the tribological interface, it was of major interest to study the impact of different amounts of a hard constituent, SiC in the considered case, within the soft matrix systematically. Furthermore, the impact of normal pressure was considered. A mechanically mixed layer was observed for the whole range of normal pressures and SiC volume fractions. The calculated coefficient of friction decreased significantly with increasing thickness of this layer but was only marginally affected by SiC volume fraction, which is good news for anti-friction applications. T2 - WTC 2013 - 5th World tribology congress CY - Torino, Italy DA - 08.09.2013 KW - Friction KW - Third body film KW - Numerical simulation KW - Nanostructure PY - 2013 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-29659 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Klinger, Christian A1 - Klingbeil, Dietmar A1 - Kinder, Joachim A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - ESTONIA-Katastrophe - Werkstoffuntersuchungen der BAM an Prüfstücken des Frontschotts T2 - 5. Kolloquium "Werkstoff- und Bauteilprüfung in der Schweißtechnik" CY - Halle (Saale), Deutschland DA - 2001-10-10 PY - 2001 SP - 1(?) EP - 65(?) AN - OPUS4-1174 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Witke, Klaus A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Skopp, André A1 - Woydt, Mathias T1 - Raman microprobe spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy of thermal sprayed ZrO2 coatings before and after rub testing of outer air seals N2 - 8 wt% Y2O3-ZrO2 spray powder and thermally sprayed as thermal barrier coatings on outer air seals were characterized by Raman microprobe spectroscopy (RMS) and transmission electron microscopy to investigate the lateral distribution, composition, structure and grain size of ZrO2 phases and to separate ZrO2 and Y2O3. RMS of transfer layers on ZrO2-coated shrouds after rub tests against SiC laser-tipped metallic blades showed the formation of metallic oxides MeIMeII2O4 of spinel type. Wear tracks were partly covered by graphite and spinel-type oxides. In some cases, the latter were better detectable after laser enhanced cleaning by burning off the covering carbon layer. PY - 2001 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.791 SN - 0377-0486 SN - 1097-4555 VL - 32 IS - 12 SP - 1008 EP - 1014 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-1230 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Klaffke, Dieter T1 - Microstructural characterization of wear particles formed during tribological stressing of TiC and Ti(C,N) coatings N2 - An attempt was undertaken to obtain a better understanding of the tribological properties of two wear-resistant coatings on tool steel by structural and microchemical analysis of wear particles using a transmission electron microscope. Coatings were deposited by physical vapor deposition and plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition techniques and tribological properties were derived from reciprocating sliding tests of the coatings against alumina balls. Three types of wear particles were identified by electron diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy: nanocrystalline rutile (TiO2), nanocrystalline graphite and microcrystalline graphite. Low coefficients of friction, of the order of 0.2, were attributed to the formation of solid lubricant films of sub-stoichiometric TiO2-x Magnéli phases and/or graphite. KW - Third body KW - Solid lubrication KW - Coating, debris KW - Wear particle KW - TEM PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015491027710 SN - 1023-8883 SN - 1573-2711 VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 229 EP - 234 PB - Springer Science Business Media B.V. CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-1379 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Nebauer, E. A1 - Hilsenbeck, J. A1 - Würfl, J. A1 - Klein, A. T1 - XTEM and TFXRD investigations of ohmic Ti/Al/Ti/Au/WSiN contacts on AlGaN/GaN HFET layer systems N2 - The microstructural features of the high-temperature-stable ohmic contact system Ti/Al/Ti/Au/WSiN on AlGaN/GaN were investigated using analytical transmission electron microscopy and thin film x-ray diffraction. For two typical rapid thermal annealing steps at 750 °C (non-ohmic behaviour) and 850 °C (ohmic behaviour) the intermetallic phases at the metal-semiconductor interface are presented. Increased annealing leads to the transformation of an Al2Au-AlAuTi phase mixture to a mixture of Al2Au-Al3Au8 phases and the formation of Ti-Al-nitride layers at the interfaces. In light of these results the electrical contact properties are discussed. PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/17/3/312 SN - 0268-1242 SN - 1361-6641 VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 249 EP - 254 PB - IOP Publ. CY - Bristol AN - OPUS4-1380 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kinder, Joachim A1 - Klinger, Christian A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Klingbeil, Dietmar ED - Portella, Pedro Dolabella T1 - Mechanisch induzierte Zwillingsbildung in Blechen aus Baustahl T2 - 35. Metallographie-Tagung CY - Neu-Ulm, Deutschland DA - 2001-09-19 PY - 2002 SN - 3-88355-303-4 SN - 0343-3579 SP - 47 EP - 52 PB - Werkstoff-Informationsges. CY - Frankfurt AN - OPUS4-1364 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Klinger, Christian A1 - Klingbeil, Dietmar A1 - Kinder, Joachim A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - ESTONIA - Katastrophe - Werkstoffuntersuchungen der BAM an Prüfstücken des Frontschotts T2 - Landesfachtagung 2002 "Schweißtechnik" CY - --- DA - 2002-11-15 PY - 2002 SP - 1(?) EP - 6(?) AN - OPUS4-1925 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jiao, Feng A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella A1 - Ziebs, Josef T1 - Cyclic hardening of alloy 800h under biaxial loading T2 - International Congress Stainless Steels '96 ; 2nd European congress CY - Düsseldorf and Neuss, Germany DA - 1996-06-03 KW - Hochtemperaturtechnik KW - Beanspruchung, zyklisch KW - Stahl, austenitisch KW - Legierung 800 H PY - 1996 SN - 3-514-00601-6 SP - 292 EP - 293 PB - Verl. Stahleisen CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-695 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Urs A1 - Meng, Birgit A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Gardei, André ED - Stark, J. T1 - Characterization of granulated blast furnace slag by means of the combined application of the FIB/TEM technique T2 - 16. Ibausil - Internationale Baustofftagung CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 2006-09-20 PY - 2006 SN - 3-00-018263-2 VL - 1 SP - 1-0189 - 1-0195 PB - Bauhaus-Univ. CY - Weimar AN - OPUS4-13717 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella A1 - Ziebs, Josef A1 - Jiao, Feng ED - Lütjering, G. T1 - Mechanical behaviour of alloy 800h under cyclic biaxial loading T2 - 6th International Fatigue Congress CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 1996-05-06 KW - Legierung KW - Belastung, zyklisch KW - Beanspruchung, mechanisch PY - 1996 SN - 0-08-042268-3 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 989 EP - 994 PB - Pergamon CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-669 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Dmitriev, A.I. A1 - Kloß, Heinz T1 - Does ultra-mild wear play any role for dry friction applications, such as automotive braking? N2 - Nanostructured third body films and/or storage of wear debris at the surfaces of the first bodies are deemed as prerequisites of sliding under ultra-mild wear conditions. Since such features have been observed experimentally on brake pads and discs, attempts were undertaken to study their sliding behaviour by modelling on the nanoscopic scale with an approach based on Movable Cellular Automata (MCA). The model rendered the possibility to study the influence of different nanostructures systematically and to assess the impact of different brake pad ingredients on the sliding behaviour, velocity accommodation and friction force stabilization at a sliding contact. Besides providing a review on previously published modelling results, some additional new graphs enabling better visualization of dynamic processes are presented. Although ultra-mild wear conditions were considered to be essential for achieving the desired tribological properties, transitions to mesoscopic and macroscopic wear mechanisms were studied as well. The final conclusion is that ultra-mild wear and corresponding smooth sliding behaviour play an important role during automotive braking, even though temporarily and locally events of severe wear may cause friction instabilities, surface damage and release of coarse wear particles. KW - Dry friction KW - Ultra-mild wear KW - Third body KW - MCA-model KW - Simulation PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c2fd00117a SN - 1359-6640 SN - 1364-5498 VL - 156 IS - 0 SP - 159 EP - 171 PB - Soc. CY - Cambridge [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-26822 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Orts Gil, Guillermo A1 - Natte, Kishore A1 - Thiermann, Raphael A1 - Girod, Matthias A1 - Rades, Steffi A1 - Kalbe, Henryk A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Maskos, M. A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - On the role of surface composition and curvature on biointerface formation and colloidal stability of nanoparticles in a protein-rich model system N2 - The need for a better understanding of nanoparticle–protein interactions and the mechanisms governing the resulting colloidal stability has been emphasised in recent years. In the present contribution, the short and long term colloidal stability of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) and silica–poly(ethylene glycol) nanohybrids (Sil–PEG) have been scrutinised in a protein model system. Well-defined silica nanoparticles are rapidly covered by bovine serum albumin (BSA) and form small clusters after 20 min while large agglomerates are detected after 10 h depending on both particle size and nanoparticle–protein ratio. Oppositely, Sil–PEG hybrids present suppressive protein adsorption and enhanced short and long term colloidal stability in protein solution. No critical agglomeration was found for either system in the absence of protein, proving that instability found for SNPs must arise as a consequence of protein adsorption and not to high ionic environment. Analysis of the small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) structure factor indicates a short-range attractive potential between particles in the silica-BSA system, which is in good agreement with a protein bridging agglomeration mechanism. The results presented here point out the importance of the nanoparticle surface properties on the ability to adsorb proteins and how the induced or depressed adsorption may potentially drive the resulting colloidal stability. KW - Nanoparticles KW - Protein corona KW - Biointerface KW - BSA KW - PEG KW - Colloidal stability PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.02.027 SN - 0927-7765 SN - 1873-4367 VL - 108 SP - 110 EP - 119 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-30100 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fedelich, Bernard A1 - Frenz, Holger A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Ohm, Katrin ED - Petit, J. T1 - Experimental and numerical evaluation of fatigue crack initiation and propagation for IN738LC at 850°C N2 - Interrupted LCF-tests at 850 deg C for Inconel 738LC have been carried out and the specimens have been intensively examined by REM to quantify the evolution of fatigue damage. Surface crack nucleation at oxidatized grain boundaries and coalescence of neighboring flaws occurred during the whole experiment. An anomalous fast single crack growth is observed just after nucleation, followed by a relative stagnation of the propagation in absence of coalescence. A statistical model is proposed that describes these pheonmena. It leads to an integro-differential equation for the crack density f(c,n) after n cycles, similar to the Bolzmann equation which describes the collision of molecules in a dilute gas. T2 - 11th Biennial European Conference on Fracture (ECF) CY - Poitiers-Futuroscope, France DA - 1996-09-03 PY - 1996 SN - 0-947817-92-1 VL - 2 SP - 1237 EP - 1242 PB - EMAS CY - Warley, West Midlands AN - OPUS4-2512 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fedelich, Bernard A1 - Frenz, Holger A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Ohm, Katrin ED - Lütjering, G. T1 - A stochastic model for LCF small crack growth in a nickel-base superalloy T2 - 6th International Fatigue Congress CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 1996-05-06 PY - 1996 SN - 0-08-042268-3 VL - 96 IS - 2 SP - 1263 EP - 1268 PB - Pergamon CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-2511 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Fedelich, Bernard A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth T1 - Modelling the orientation and direction dependence of the critical resolved shear stress of nickel-base superalloy single crystals PY - 2000 SN - 1359-6454 SN - 1873-2453 VL - 48 SP - 689 EP - 700 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Kidlington AN - OPUS4-2366 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schempp, Philipp A1 - Cross, C.E. A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Oder, Gabriele A1 - Neumann, R. S. A1 - Rooch, Heidemarie A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Solidification of GTA aluminium weld metal: Part I - Grain morphology dependent upon alloy composition and grain refiner content N2 - The solidification conditions during welding strongly influence the weid metal microstructure and mechanical properties of a weid. In the first part of this study, the grain morphology of gas tungsten arc (GTA) bead-on-plate welds was investigated for the aluminum Alloys 1050A (Al 99.5), 6082 (Al SifMgMn), and 5083 (AI Mg4.5Mn0.7). The experiments revealed that increasing welding speed and alloy content allow the growth of small, equiaxed grains, particularly in the weid center. Furthermore, increasing grain refiner additions led to a Strong reduction of the weid metal mean grain size and hence facilitated the columnar to equiaxed transition (CET). In addition, wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed in the weid metal TiB2 particles that were surrounded by Al3Ti. This suggests the duplex nucleation theory for nucleation of aluminum grains in GTA weid metal. KW - Aluminium KW - Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) KW - Grain refinement KW - Columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) KW - Epitaxial nucleation KW - Duplex nucleation theory PY - 2014 SN - 0043-2296 SN - 0096-7629 VL - 93 SP - 53-s EP - 59-s PB - American Welding Society CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-30413 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Deutsch, Cornelius A1 - Rooch, Heidemarie A1 - Dörfel, Ilona T1 - Friction films on C-SiC discs after dynamometer tests with different commercial brake pads N2 - Brake discs on the basis of carbon fibre reinforced SiC-ceramics are appreciated as a light weight high performance alternative to conventional cast iron brake discs. Although efforts are going on to develop ceramic pads of a similar material but with additions of friction modifiers, comfort requirements cannot be reached with a full ceramic system and therefore commercial solutions still are based on polymer matrix composites (PMCs) and in some rare cases on sinter metallic (SM) friction materials. In previous studies with conventional automotive brakes an iron oxide based friction film on the surfaces of pads and discs was observed. This seemed to be plausible since iron is the major element of the cast iron disc and furthermore is contained in most pad formulations in the form of steel fibres. Therefore it was of great scientific interest to determine the relevance and composition of friction films on ceramic brake discs which do not contain any iron. T2 - EuroBrake 2012 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 16.04.2012 KW - Ceramic disc KW - Friction film KW - PMC-pad KW - SM-pad KW - Third body PY - 2012 IS - EB2012-FM-01 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-26823 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Merk, Virginia A1 - Schulte, Franziska A1 - Rooch, Heidemarie A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Kneipp, Janina T1 - Surface-enhanced Raman scattering with silver nanostructures generated in situ in a sporopollenin biopolymer matrix N2 - Silver nanoparticles were generated based on citrate reduction in the ultrastructure of the sporopollenin biopolymer of Ambrosia artemisiifolia (ragweed) and Secale cereale (rye). The nanoparticles enable the acquisition of SERS spectra and thereby a vibrational characterization of the local molecular structure of sporopollenin. PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cc05326k SN - 0022-4936 SN - 0009-241x SN - 1359-7345 SN - 1364-548x N1 - Geburtsname von Merk, Virginia: Joseph, V. - Birth name of Merk, Virginia: Joseph, V. VL - 47 IS - 11 SP - 3236 EP - 3238 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-23482 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Senoner, Mathias A1 - Maaßdorf, A. A1 - Rooch, Heidemarie A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Malcher, M. A1 - Schmidt, M. A1 - Kollmer, F. A1 - Paul, D. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Rades, Steffi A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Lateral resolution of nanoscaled images delivered by surface-analytical instruments: application of the BAM-L200 certified reference material and related ISO standards N2 - The certified reference material BAM-L200, a nanoscale stripe pattern for length calibration and specification of lateral resolution, is described. BAM-L200 is prepared from a cross-sectioned epitaxially grown layer stack of AlxGa1–xAs and InxGa1–xAs on a GaAs substrate. The surface of BAM-L200 provides a flat pattern with stripe widths ranging down to 1 nm. Calibration distances, grating periods and stripe widths have been certified by TEM with traceability to the length unit. The combination of gratings, isolated narrow stripes and sharp edges of wide stripes offers plenty of options for the determination of lateral resolution, sharpness and calibration of length scale at selected settings of imaging surface-analytical instruments. The feasibility of the reference material for an analysis of the lateral resolution is demonstrated in detail by evaluation of ToF-SIMS, AES and EDX images. Other applications developed in the community are summarized, too. BAM-L200 fully supports the implementation of the revised International Standard ISO 18516 (in preparation) which is based on knowledge outlined in the Technical Report ISO/TR 19319:2013. KW - AES KW - BAM-L200 KW - CRM KW - EDX KW - Imaging KW - Lateral resolution KW - Sharpness KW - Standardisation KW - STXM KW - ToF-SIMS KW - XPEEM KW - XPS KW - Certified reference material KW - Imaging surface analysis PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8135-7 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 407 IS - 11 SP - 3211 EP - 3217 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-33033 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ortel, Erik A1 - Häusler, Ines A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Narbey, S. A1 - Oswald, F. A1 - Andersen, I. H. A1 - Holzweber, Markus A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - In-depth structural and chemical characterization of engineered TiO2 films N2 - Analytical routines for a comprehensive in-depth morphological, structural, and chemical characterization of functionalized TiO2 films by using different state-of-the-art analytical techniques are presented and discussed with the main objective to identify potential reference TiO2 coating parameters able to be certified at a later stage. TiO2 films fabricated by two different synthetic procedures as representative for two main large-scale applications were selected: (i) pulsed d.c. magnetron sputtering for photocatalytic applications and (ii) screen printing from preformed anatase nanoparticles. The screen-printed films were further loaded with a sensitizing dye for application as a dye-sensitized solar cell. Film properties such as microstructure and crystallographic texture of pulsed d.c. magnetron sputtering synthesized films were systematically studied by means of scanning nanobeam electron diffraction in a transmission electron microscope and the surface and inner morphology by scanning electron microscopy. The dye distribution over the depth of screen-printed TiO2 layers was analyzed before and after dye-loading by means of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy at scanning electronmicroscope, Auger electron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The long-term goal of the present study is the improvement of quality of the TiO2 film parameters as measured by using different types of reference TiO2 coatings having specific parameters certified. T2 - 16th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis ECASIA'15 CY - Granada, Spain DA - 28.09.2015 KW - Mapping KW - Line scan KW - Depth profiling KW - TiO2 films KW - Crystallinity KW - Ru dye sensitizer PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.5966 SN - 0142-2421 SN - 1096-9918 VL - 48 SP - 664 EP - 669 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. AN - OPUS4-36791 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grulke, E. A. A1 - Yamamoto, K. A1 - Kumagai, K. A1 - Häusler, Ines A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Ortel, Erik A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Brown, S. C. A1 - Chan, C. A1 - Zheng, J. A1 - Yamamoto, K. A1 - Yashiki, K. A1 - Song, N. W. A1 - Kim, Y. H. A1 - Stefaniak, A. B. A1 - Schwegler-Berry, D. A1 - Coleman, V. A. A1 - Jämting, Å. K. A1 - Herrmann, J. A1 - Arakawa, T. A1 - Burchett, W. W. A1 - Lambert, J. W. A1 - Stromberg, A. J. T1 - Size and shape distributions of primary crystallites in titania aggregates N2 - The primary crystallite size of titania powder relates to its properties in a number of applications. Transmission electron microscopy was used in this interlaboratory comparison (ILC) to measure primary crystallite size and shape distributions for a commercial aggregated titania powder. Data of four size descriptors and two shape descriptors were evaluated across nine laboratories. Data repeatability and reproducibility was evaluated by analysis of variance. One-third of the laboratory pairs had similar size descriptor data, but 83% of the pairs had similar aspect ratio data. Scale descriptor distributions were generally unimodal and were well-described by lognormal reference models. Shape descriptor distributions were multi-modal but data visualization plots demonstrated that the Weibull distribution was preferred to the normal distribution. For the equivalent circular diameter size descriptor, measurement uncertainties of the lognormal distribution scale and width parameters were 9.5% and 22%, respectively. For the aspect ratio shape descriptor, the measurement uncertainties of the Weibull distribution scale and width parameters were 7.0% and 26%, respectively. Both measurement uncertainty estimates and data visualizations should be used to analyze size and shape distributions of particles on the nanoscale. KW - Measurement uncertainty KW - Size distribution KW - Shape distribution KW - TEM KW - Titania PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2017.03.027 SN - 0921-8831 VL - 28 IS - 7 SP - 1647 EP - 1659 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-40478 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Dmitriev, A.I. A1 - Kloß, Heinz T1 - Possible impacts of third body nanostructure on friction performance during dry sliding determined by computer simulation based on the method of movable cellular automata N2 - The tribological properties of nanostructured surface films formed during dry sliding, for example during automotive braking, were determined by modelling using the method of movable cellular automata. Starting from a basic model structure, consisting of magnetite with 13% graphite inclusions, the impact of additional soft and hard particles of different size and volume fraction was studied systematically. It was revealed that agglomerates of soft particles decomposed and finally mixed with the oxide in the same way as single nanoparticles. On the other hand, agglomerates of hard particles mixed with the other components without decomposing. Whereas increasing the amount of soft components in the third Body lowered the coefficient of friction, the opposite occurred with the hard particles. The boundary conditions for obtaining smooth sliding conditions with minor fluctuations between friction forces at successive time steps could be defined. In addition to features of the nanostructure, the applied normal pressure impacted modelling results. Within the parameter range of smooth sliding behaviour, increasing pressure induced thicker granular interface layers, which lead to a slight decrease of the coefficient of friction. Changing the amount of soft or hard particles did not change this pressure dependency but only the friction level. KW - MCA-modelling KW - Third body KW - Nanoparticles KW - Dry friction PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2011.11.018 SN - 0301-679X VL - 48 SP - 128 EP - 136 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-25469 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Natte, Kishore A1 - Behnke, Thomas A1 - Orts Gil, Guillermo A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Synthesis and characterisation of highly fluorescent core-shell nanoparticles based on Alexa dyes N2 - Current and future developments in the emerging field of nanobiotechnology are closely linked to the rational design of novel fluorescent nanomaterials, e.g. for biosensing and imaging applications. Here, the synthesis of bright near infrared (NIR)-emissive nanoparticles based on the grafting of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of Alexa dyes and their subsequent shielding by an additional silica shell are presented. These nanoparticles were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence spectroscopy. TEM studies revealed the monodispersity of the initially prepared and fluorophorelabelled silica particles and the subsequent formation of raspberry-like structures after addition of a silica precursor.Measurements of absolute fluorescence Quantum yields of these scattering particle suspensions with an integrating sphere setup demonstrated the influence of dye labelling density-dependent fluorophore Aggregation on the signaling behaviour of such nanoparticles. KW - Silica KW - Alexa dyes KW - Fluorescent particles KW - Quantum yields KW - Nanoparticles KW - Protective shell KW - Nanobiotechnology PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0680-9 SN - 1388-0764 SN - 1572-896X VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 680-1 - 680-10 PB - Kluwer CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-25872 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dmitriev, A.I. A1 - Nikonov, A.Y. A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Multiscale modeling of low friction sliding behavior of a hybrid epoxy-matrix nanocomposite N2 - The method of movable cellular automata (MCA) and method of molecular dynamics (MD) were applied to simulate the friction and sliding behavior of model-tribofilms formed from a nanocomposite consisting of an epoxy matrix, 10 vol % micron-sized carbon fibers and 5 vol. % silica nanoparticles. Whereas MCA considered the tribofilm as an agglomerate of silica nanoparticles released from the composite and mixed with graphite particles, MD simulated the sliding behavior of an amorphous silica layer supported by stiff crystalline substrates on both sides. The MCA model provided reasonable quantitative results which corroborate experimental findings at moderate stressing conditions. The very low coefficient of friction observed experimentally under severe stressing conditions was not explained by this model. This could be attributed to the lack of mechanical data at the high temperature expected under these conditions. Although based on a simpler assumption of the tribofilm composition, MD-modelling could be easily applied to the expected high flash temperature and was able to predict friction reduction and smooth sliding under these conditions. T2 - 21st European Conference on Fracture ECF21 CY - Catania, Italy DA - 20.06.2016 KW - Silica nanoparticle KW - Hybrid composite KW - Tribofilm KW - Molecular dynamics KW - Movable cellular automata PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-379402 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.294 VL - 2 SP - 2347 EP - 2354 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-37940 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Orts Gil, Guillermo A1 - Natte, Kishore A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Multi-parametric reference nanomaterials for toxicology: state of the art, future challenges and potential candidates N2 - A major requirement for the validation of methods assessing the risk associated with engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) is the use of reference materials (RMs). In the present contribution we review available RMs, ongoing projects and characterisation trends in the field. The conclusion is that actual approaches to RMs mostly deal with metrological considerations about single properties of the ENPs, typically their primary size, which can hardly be representative of nanoparticles characteristics in real testing media and therefore, not valid for reliable and comparable toxicological studies. As an alternative, we discussed the convenience and feasibility of establishing multi-parametric RMs for a series of ENPs, focusing on silica nanoparticles (SNPs). As a future perspective, the need to develop RMs based on hybrid nanoparticles is also discussed. KW - Referenzmaterialien KW - Nanopartikel KW - Toxikologie KW - Metrologie PY - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-292997 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra42112k SN - 2046-2069 VL - 3 IS - 40 SP - 18202 EP - 18215 PB - RSC Publishing CY - London AN - OPUS4-29299 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -