TY - CONF A1 - Poltavtseva, M. A1 - Heyn, Andreas A1 - Boese, E. T1 - Mechanismen des Korrosionsschutzes plattierter Aluminiumwerkstoffe am Beispiel von Alclad 6025 N2 - Plattierte Aluminiumwerkstoffe sind qualitativ hochentwickelte Mehrschichtmaterialverbunde, die aus einer Kemlegierung und einer Plattierung bestehen. Das Kemmaterial erfüllt die Anforderungen an Festigkeit und Lebensdauer des Bauteils. Die Legierungen, die für Plattierungen verwendet werden, sorgen für den Korrosionsschutz unter meist atmosphärischen Bedingungen. Plattierte Aluminiumwerkstoffe finden vor allem Anwendung in der Luftfahrtkonstruktion oder wie Alclad 6025 im Bauwesen als Verkleidung von Fassaden und als Dacheindeckungen. In der Literatur wird der Korrosionsschutzmechanismus plattierter Aluminiumwerkstoffe allgemein als galvanischer Schutz beschrieben. Wenn eine Beschädigung der Plattierung bis zum Kern reicht, soll sich die elektronegativere Plattierung bevorzugt auflösen und damit die Kemlegierung schützen. Die Plattierungslegierung soll hinreichend korrosionsbeständig sein. Dabei kann eine leichte allgemeine Korrosion oder Lochkorrosion akzeptiert werden, allerdings mit einer geringen Tiefe, damit die Kernlegierung nicht korrodiert. Da jedoch keine detaillierten Angaben über den Schutzmechanismus in der Literatur gegeben werden, wurden am Beispiel von Alclad 6025 umfangreiche elektrochemische Untersuchungen sowie Auslagemngsversuche in verschiedenen Atmosphären bzw. Medien durchgeführt. Aus diesen Ergebnissen soll der Schutzmechanismus am Beispiel der Dachplattierung Alclad 6025 genauer beschrieben werden. T2 - 14. Sommerkurs Werkstoffe und Fügen am Institut für Werkstoff- und Fügetechnik CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 23.09.2011 KW - Plattierung KW - Aluminium KW - Alclad KW - Korrosionsmechanismus KW - Korrosionsschutz KW - Lochkorrosion KW - Korrosionsprüfung PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-940961-56-3 SP - 159 EP - 166 AN - OPUS4-24494 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Ramanujam, Maalolan A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Reichert, T. T1 - New ways for early detection of polymer ageing N2 - Photo-oxidative ageing of polymers under defined exposure (UV, humidity) was investigated from two points of view: a) the ageing process Starts from the topmost surface and penetrates slowly towards bulk and b) radicals play an important role among ageing. Therefore, X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy were applied to show both, the progressive incorporation of oxygen during in-situ UV irradiation (XPS) and the formation of radicals (ESR) in the polymer. The intensity of ESR Signals served as measure for radical concentration. The Validation of this correlation was checked for polyethylenes (PE) equipped with different concentrations of Hostavin N30 UV stabilizer. T2 - 5th European weathering symposium - Natural and artificial ageing of polymers CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 21.09.2011 PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-9813136-2-8 N1 - Serientitel: CEEES Publication – Series title: CEEES Publication IS - 15 SP - 157 EP - 163 PB - GUS (Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation) CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-24535 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ramanujam, Maalolan A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Reichert, T. T1 - Influence of UV weathering and humidity on surface & bulk properties of LDPE N2 - The outdoor weathering of polymers is mainly due to UV radiation, water, Pollution, humidity, temperature etc. To understand the effects of weathering, simulated tests need to be undertaken in lab scale. Such tests must be quite efficient and similar to the effects of natural weathering. This paper mainly focuses on the effects of UV radiation along with humidity on LDPE. T2 - 5th European weathering symposium - Natural and artificial ageing of polymers CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 21.09.2011 KW - LDPE KW - UV weathering KW - Humidity PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-9813136-2-8 N1 - Serientitel: CEEES Publication – Series title: CEEES Publication IS - 15 SP - 211 EP - 218 PB - GUS (Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation) CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-24536 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Asadi, S. A1 - Schiller, J.H. A1 - Lilienthal, A.J. A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - An artificial potential field based sampling strategy for a gas-sensitive micro-drone N2 - This paper presents a sampling strategy for mobile gas sensors. Sampling points are selected using a modified artificial potential field (APF) approach, which balances multiple criteria to direct sensor measurements towards locations of high mean concentration, high concentration variance and areas for which the uncertainty about the gas distribution model is still large. By selecting in each step the most often suggested close-by measurement location, the proposed approach introduces a locality constraint that allows planning suitable paths for mobile gas sensors. Initial results in simulation and in real-world experiments with a gas-sensitive micro-drone demonstrate the suitability of the proposed sampling strategy for gas distribution mapping and its use for gas source localization. T2 - IEEE/RSJ International conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS '11) / Workshop on robotics for environmental monitoring (WREM2011) CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 25.09.2011 KW - Autonomous UAV KW - Chemical sensing KW - Gas distribution modelling KW - Gas source localization KW - Gas sensors KW - Mobile sensing system KW - Quadrocopter KW - Sensor planning KW - Artificial potential field PY - 2011 SP - 34 EP - 38 AN - OPUS4-24537 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erning, Johann Wilhelm T1 - Desinfektionsmaßnahmen - Beständigkeit von Werkstoffen N2 - Der hygienisch einwandfreie Betrieb einer Trinkwasserinstallation ist auch für den Fall komplexer Systeme wie in Krankenhäusern oder Alten- und Pflegeheimen möglich. Notwendige Voraussetzung ist die Beachtung der Vorgaben der allgemein anerkannten Regeln der Technik bei Planung, Ausführung und Betrieb. Zusätzliche Geräte oder die Zugabe von Chemikalien sind dann regelmäßig nicht erforderlich. Im Schadensfall ist die korrekte und umfassende Ermittlung der Ursache für die Beeinträchtigung der Schlüssel zur dauerhaften Abhilfe. Nur die Beseitigung von Mängeln und die Wiederherstellung regelgerechter Betriebsbedingungen ermöglichen dauerhaft störungsfreien Betrieb. Die prophylaktische Zugabe von Desinfektionsmitteln ist weder zulässig noch sinnvoll, ebenso wenig ist damit eine dauerhafte Sanierung von auftretenden Mängeln möglich. Zudem ergibt sich ein erhöhtes Risiko für Schäden durch Korrosion in den dauerhaft mit oxidierenden Substanzen beaufschlagten Installationen. T2 - 3. Deutsches Forum 'Innenraumhygiene' CY - Essen, Deutschland DA - 15.02.2011 PY - 2011 SN - 1615-8695 IS - Kap.: Trinkwasser SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-24541 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Balke, Christian A1 - Schendler, Thomas T1 - Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Ereignisauswertung - aufgezeigt am Beispiel Human Factor T2 - VdS-Seminar - 12. Meinungs- und Erfahrungsaustausch für Sachverständige nach § 29a Abs. 1 BlmSchG, Immissionsschutz- und Störfallbeauftragte CY - Köln, Deutschland DA - 2011-07-13 KW - Ereignisauswertung KW - Menschlicher Faktor KW - Beinahe-Ereignisse KW - Störfälle KW - Unfälle PY - 2011 VL - 3652 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-24482 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlichting, Joachim A1 - Ziegler, Mathias A1 - Pelkner, Matthias A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane A1 - Kreutzbruck, Marc T1 - Kameragestütztes Flying-Spot-Verfahren zur Risserkennung N2 - In dieser Arbeit wird ein kameragestütztes Verfahren zur Flying- Spot-Thermografie vorgestellt. Die Anregung wird über einen Diodenlaser mit einem optischen Scanner realisiert. Bei der Auswertung kommt ein effizienter und robuster Algorithmus zum Einsatz, der direkt auf die mit der Kamera aufgenommene Thermografiesequenz angewendet werden kann, ohne auf eine Synchronisation zwischen Kamera und Lasersystem angewiesen zu sein. Daher eignet sich diese Herangehensweise besonders zur Nachrüstung bestehender Thermografiesysteme. Die prinzipielle Eignung dieser Methode wird anhand einer Messung an einem Schienenstück mit Rollkontaktermüdungsrissen gezeigt. Als Referenzverfahren werden die Magnetpulverprüfung und eine auf GMR (Giant Magnetoresistance)- Sensoren basierende Streufeldmessung herangezogen. Mit dem thermografischen Verfahren konnten sämtliche enthaltenen Fehler erkannt werden. Dabei wurden Risse im mm-Abstand getrennt nachgewiesen, was etwa der geometrischen Auflösung der eingesetzten Kamera entspricht. T2 - Thermographie-Kolloquium 2011 CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 29.09.2011 KW - Flying-Spot Thermografie KW - Diodenlaser KW - Rissortung KW - Magnetpulverprüfung KW - GMR-Sensoren PY - 2011 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-246220 SN - 978-3-940283-36-8 IS - DGZfP-BB 130 (Vortrag 09) SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e.V. (DGZfP) AN - OPUS4-24622 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hothan, Sascha A1 - Ehlig, D. ED - Ortlepp, R. ED - Curbach, M. T1 - Hochtemperaturverhalten von Stahlbetonplatten mit Textilbetonverstärkung N2 - Die Verwendung von Endlosfilamenten aus Carbon als Be-wehrungsmaterial für Beton, sogenannter Textilbeton, bietet die Möglichkeit der Sanierung und der Verstärkung bestehender Stahlbetonkonstruktionen. Dabei muss die Frage nach dem Feuerwiderstand von derart verstärkten Tragwerken be-antwortet werden. Aufschluss darüber liefern Brandversuche. Mit Textilbeton verstärkte Stahlbetonplatten haben in Brandversuchen nach der Einheits-Temperaturzeitkurve bei 33 % der Traglast mehr als 60 Minuten standgehalten. Bei 50 % der Traglast kam es nach einer Branddauer von 55 Minuten, bei 65 % nach 30 Minuten, zu einem Zugversagen der textilen Verstärkungsschicht. Bei während des Brandes unbelasteten bzw. gering belasteten Platten lagen die im Anschluss ermittelten Resttragfähigkeiten bei 65 % der Bruchlast nach 30 Minu-ten Branddauer bzw. bei 50 % der Bruchlast nach 60 Minuten Branddauer. Wäh-rend und nach der Beflammung waren zunehmende Durchbiegungen und Rissbreiten erkennbar. Es traten aber keine Abplatzungen auf, weshalb die Ver-stärkungsschicht aus Textilbeton als zusätzliche Betondeckung für die Stahlbe-wehrung angerechnet werden kann. Diese außerordentlich positiven Ergebnisse zeigen, dass für verstärkte Konstruktionen Feuerwiderstandsklassen von F60 bzw. R60 ohne zusätzliche Maßnahmen erreicht werden können. Dies ist von ho-her Relevanz für die wirtschaftliche Anwendung dieser Verstärkungsmethode. Für ein umfassendes Verständnis der Interaktion zwischen den Bewehrungen Textil und Stahl sowie der Versagensmechanismen während des Brandes, sind weitere Erkenntnisse über die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Textilbeton im Hochtemperaturbereich nötig. Auch der Einfluss der Oxidation des Carbons konnte nicht abschließend beurteilt werden. 354 HOTHAN und EHLIG: Hochtemperaturverhalten von Stahlbetonplatten mit TRC-Verstärkung Summary: Using endless carbon filaments for concrete reinforcement, so called textile reinforced concrete, the possibility of reconstruction and strengthening of existing concrete structures arises. The question concerning fire resistance of structures strengthened like this has to be answered. Fire tests provide answers. Steel reinforced concrete slabs strengthened with textile reinforced concrete load-ed with 33 % of ultimate load survived an ISO-fire for 60 minutes. Loaded with 50 % and 65 % of ultimate load the slabs failed after 55 minutes and 30 minutes of fire exposure due to tension failure of the textile reinforcement layer. Slabs not loaded or with a low load level during fire exposure showed remaining bearing resistances of 65 % of ultimate load after 30 minutes and 50 % of ultimate load after 60 minutes of fire exposure. During and after fire exposure rising deflec-tions and growing crack widths were observed. However no spalling occurred. Therefore the textile reinforced concrete layer can be taken into account as con-crete covering for the steel reinforcement. Those extraordinary positive results document, that reinforced concrete structures with additional fibre reinforced concrete can achieve fire resistance classes of R60 without additional provisions. To achieve comprehensive understanding of interaction between steel and fibre reinforcement and failure mechanisms in case of fire more knowledge concerning the mechanic properties of fibre reinforced concrete at high temperatures is es-sential. The influence of oxidation of the carbon fibres could not fully be an-swered. T2 - 6. Kolloquium zu textilbewehrten Tragwerken (CTRS6) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 19.09.2011 KW - Feuerwiderstand KW - Abplatzen KW - Textilbeton KW - Brandbeanspruchung KW - Biegebelastung PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-86780-245-1 SP - 353 EP - 367 AN - OPUS4-24635 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ehlig, D. A1 - Hothan, Sascha ED - Koenders, E.A.B. ED - Dehn, F. T1 - Reinforced concrete slabs strengthened with textile reinforced concrete subjected to fire N2 - Thin layers of textile reinforced concrete (TRC) can be used as strengthening for reinforced concrete (RC) slabs or beams to increase their foad-bearing capacity. The concrete matrix consists of a fine-grained concrete with a thickness of 8 to 15 mm. Information on the behaviour of strengthened structures subjected to fire is of particular inlerest for practical applications of this innovative construction method. A total of 7 RC slabs with Steel reinforcement were produced: 2 slabs were used as reference and 5 slabs were strengthened with three layers of textile reinforcement. Ultimate capacity of reference slabs and particular TRC strengthened slabs was determined from statie load results fom 4-point-bending tests. Fire tests on these slabs were carried out with utilization fectors using a Standard temperature curve (ISO-834-1) for fire testing. Test loads varied between 0 % and 65 % ofuMmate load. To detect temperatures during fire exposure thermocouples were arranged throughout the cross-section of the slabs. Depending on the utilization the slabs were exposed to fire for 30 minutes or for 60 minutes. In some cases bending fäilure occurred, in other cases the slabs survived. None of the specimens exhibited any visual damage or concrete spalling during fire exposure. Results of deformation measurements and residual strength measurements are presented. Even though mechanisms are not fifily understood, it is important to discuss the presumable reasons for the surprisingiy positive test results. It is presumed tbat the key mechanisms contributing to the outstanding fire resistance capability presented are: superior crack control of the TRC and load redistribution between textile and Steel reinforcement as well as the primary load transfer directly into the slabs. T2 - 2nd International RILEM workshop on concrete spalling due to fire exposure CY - Delft, The Netherlands DA - 05.10.2011 KW - Textile reinforced concrete KW - Fine-grained concrete KW - Carbon fibres KW - Bending load KW - Fire exposure PY - 2011 SN - 978-2-35158-118-6 VL - PRO 80 SP - 419 EP - 426 PB - RILEM Publications AN - OPUS4-24636 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Habel, Wolfgang A1 - Kusche, Nadine A1 - Münzenberger, Sven A1 - Schukar, Vivien T1 - KALFOS - a validation facility for strain transfer characterization of surface-applied strain sensors N2 - Strain sensors embedded in or attached to structural components have to measure the real deformation of the structure over the whole period of use. The user must know how reliably installed sensors provide strain measurement results. For this purpose, test facilities or coupon tests are used. In order to characterize the strain transfer quality from the host structure into surface-applied strain sensors, a unique testing facility has been developed. This facility can be used both for fiber optic and resistance strain sensors. Originally developed for fiber Bragg grating based sensors, the KALFOS facility (=calibration of fiber optic sensors) uses Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometer (ESPI) as unbiased referencing methods. It is possible to determine experimentally the strain transfer mechanism under combined thermal and mechanical loading conditions. This experimental characterization method will reveal weaknesses in commonly used strain sensors, and the investigation of the material systems used for fiber optic and other strain sensors (particularly the coating/substrate - adhesive combination). The KALFOS facility allows matching of specific measurement requirements with environmental conditions. T2 - SAE 2011 AeroTech Congress & Exhibition CY - Toulouse, France DA - 18.10.2011 KW - Fiber optic sensors KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Validation KW - Strain sensor KW - Surface application PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-2606 IS - Paper 2011-01-2606 SP - 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-24643 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Scholz, Christian A1 - Spaltmann, Dirk A1 - Woydt, Mathias T1 - Höchstbelastbare Wälzkontakte mit geringer Misch-/Grenzreibungszahl N2 - Leichtbaustrategien im Antriebsstrang erhöhen durch Downsizing die Hertz’schen Kontaktpressungen und die mechanischen Lasten. Dadurch müssen neben wälzbeständigen Stählen auch dazu passende reibungsmindernde Konzepte gefunden werden, in der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden alternative, hoch zähe Stähle mit einer Wälzbeständigkeit bis Pomax = 4,2 GPa untersucht, welche mit geeigneten Grundöl- und Additivkombinationen die Reibungszahlen herunter auf 0,025 reduzieren konnten. Diese alternativen Stahllegierungen erlauben nicht nur an der Zahnflanke sehr hohe Kontaktpressungen, sie bieten außerdem entsprechende Zähigkeits- und Festigkeitseigenschaften für den Zahnfuß. In vorangegangenen Untersuchungen wurde eine Vielzahl verschiedener Dünnschichten auf ihre Überrollbeständigkeit unter Extrembeanspruchungen validiert. Allerdings zeigte sich bei den meisten Dünnschichten ein Qualitätsunterschied von Charge zu Charge. Unter Verwendung verschiedener organischer, metallorganischer und anorganischer Additive konnten, sich daran anschließende Versuche, vielversprechende Ergebnisse erzielt werden. Sämtliche Versuche unter extremen Beanspruchungen wurden bei +120°C Öltemperatur auf Zwei-Scheiben-Tribometern vom Typ AMSLER und 2Disk von Optimol Instruments unter Misch-/Grenzreibungsbedingungen durchgeführt und die tribologischen Eigenschaften der neuartigen, unbeschichteten Stähle und in Relation zu leistungsstarken DLC-/ZrCN Dünnschichten gesetzt. T2 - 52. Tribologie-Fachtagung - Reibung, Schmierung und Verschleiß - Forschung und praktische Anwendungen CY - Göttingen, Deutschland DA - 26.09.2011 KW - Hochzähe Stähle KW - DLC KW - ZrCN KW - Dünnschichten KW - Extrembeanspruchung KW - Polyglykole KW - Additive PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-00-035439-7 VL - I SP - 11/1 EP - 11/16 AN - OPUS4-24611 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vila-Comamala, J. A1 - Diaz, A. A1 - Guizar-Sicairos, M. A1 - Gorelick, S. A1 - Guzenko, V.A. A1 - Karvinen, P. A1 - Kewish, C.M. A1 - Färm, E. A1 - Ritala, M. A1 - Mantion, Alexandre A1 - Bunk, O. A1 - Menzel, A. A1 - David, C. ED - Morawe, C. ED - Khounsary, A.M. ED - Goto, S. T1 - Characterization of a 20-nm hard X-ray focus by ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging N2 - Recent advances in the fabrication of diffractive X-ray optics have boosted hard X-ray microscopy into spatial resolutions of 30 nm and below. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of zone-doubled Fresnel zone plates for multi-keV photon energies (4-12 keV) with outermost zone widths down to 20 nm. However, the characterization of such elements is not straightforward using conventional methods such as knife edge scans on well-characterized test objects. To overcome this limitation, we have used ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging to characterize a 20 nm-wide X-ray focus produced by a zone-doubled Fresnel zone plate at a photon energy of 6.2 keV. An ordinary scanning transmission X-ray microscope was modified to acquire the ptychographic data from a strongly scattering test object. The ptychographic algorithms allowed for the reconstruction of the image of the test object as well as for the reconstruction of the focused hard X-ray beam waist, with high spatial resolution and dynamic range. This method yields a full description of the focusing performance of the Fresnel zone plate and we demonstrate the usefulness ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging for metrology and alignment of nanofocusing diffractive X-ray lenses. T2 - SPIE Optics and photonics CY - San Diego, USA DA - 20.08.2011 KW - X-ray imaging KW - Diffractive X-ray optics KW - Electron beam lithography KW - Ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.893235 SN - 0277-786X N1 - Serientitel: Proceedings of SPIE – Series title: Proceedings of SPIE VL - 8139 SP - 81390E-1 EP - 81390E-7 AN - OPUS4-24613 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Wiegner, Katharina A1 - Scheffer, Harald A1 - Brödner, Doris T1 - VOC-Emissions from Plywood boards N2 - Wood and wood products are often used as construction material for buildings and even more for furniture and indoor decoration. Therefore Chemical emissions from wood have an influence on the indoor air quality. A research project financed by the Federal Environmental Agency focused on VOC emissions from oriented Strand boards (OSB) and also from plywood made from pine and spruce (Wilke et al., 2011a). This paper shows results of the plywood testing because only little information is available about plywood emission behaviour and its impact on indoor air quality. T2 - Indoor Air 2011, 12th International conference on indoor air quality and climate CY - Austin, TX, USA DA - 05.06.2011 KW - VOC-Emission KW - Plywood KW - Terpenes KW - Aldehydes KW - Indoor air quality PY - 2011 IS - Paper 768 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-23885 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schartel, Bernhard ED - Gibson, A.G. T1 - Fire retardancy in composites: a journey from nano to intermediate scale N2 - The fire behaviour of composites clearly differs in comparison to polymers. Even though fibres and inorganic particles may be inert with respect to pyrolysis, they are clearly not with respect to fire behaviour. They change heat absorption and transfer within the Condensed phase, the melt flow/dripping behaviour of pyrolysing melts, the amount and properties of the fire residue and so on. Flame retardancy concepts tailored to composites are needed. Furthermore tasks that are specific for composites such as the structural integrity in fire get into the focus. Thus understanding of fire behaviour and flame retardancy mechanisms in composites is a key for target-oriented future development. The field is illuminated by Spotlights on different length scales. The examples are taken from different projects carried out in the group of the authors in the recent years. Flame retardancy mechanisms in nanocomposites are discussed, advanced halogen-free flame retardants for carbon and glass fibre composites presented as well as an approach to mechanical intermediate scale testing of carbon fibre composites under fire. T2 - Composites in fire 6 - 6th International conference on composites in fire CY - Newcastle, UK DA - 09.06.2011 KW - Flame retardancy KW - Composite KW - Composite and fire KW - Flame retardants PY - 2011 SN - 978-0-9540459-9-9 SP - 55 EP - 62 PB - CompositeLink (Consultants) Limited AN - OPUS4-23857 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Improvement of adhesivity of polypropylene by its surface modification using the aerosol dielectric barrier discharge N2 - Plasma processes are used in many fields of Science and technology. While a plasma oxygen treatment produces a broad variety of different oxygen-containing functional groups, tailored - surface functionalisation demands preset functional groups in known concentration. Due to the fact that most of plasma experiments need expensive vacuum equipment increased efforts are to observe to apply atmospheric pressure plasma processes. Thus, Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) and corona treatment of polymer foils have a long tradilion in industry to modify them for printing, laminating, adhesion promotion, etc. Thercibre, increasing interest is observed to make these atmospheric pressure processes more effeclive. Newly developed methods like plasma-printing were used for surfaces in biological and medical applications or for printed circuits. T2 - ADHESION `11 - 11th Triennial conference on the science and technology of adhesion and adhesives CY - York, UK DA - 07.09.2011 PY - 2011 SP - 253 EP - 256 AN - OPUS4-24337 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Liehr, Sascha A1 - Krebber, Katerina ED - De Roeck, G. ED - Degrande, G. ED - Lombaert, G. ED - Müller, G. T1 - A novel quasi-distributed long-gauge fiber optic strain sensor system for dynamic measurement N2 - We present a novel technique based on incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) to measure length changes quasi-distributed between reflection points in optical fibres. The technique enables length changes to be measured with a resolution better than 1 µm and allows for static and dynamic measurement capabilities up to 2 kHz. We demonstrate that dynamic measurements of multiple fibre sections can be conducted independently from each other with high precision. Due to the precise and dynamic measurement capabilities, the proposed sensor system is expected to open new fields of application, especially in the structural-health-monitoring sector. Possible applications are discussed in the paper. T2 - EURODYN 2011 - 8th International conference on structural dynamics CY - Leuven, Belgium DA - 04.07.2011 KW - Distributed sensor KW - Strain sensor KW - Optical fiber sensor KW - Structural health monitoring KW - OFDR KW - Length change measurement KW - Dynamic sensor PY - 2011 SN - 978-90-760-1931-4 SP - 2097 EP - 2102 AN - OPUS4-24347 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger ED - Robinson, W.H. ED - De Carvalho Campos, A.E. T1 - Wood protection by interfering with insect behavior: adequacy of laboratory test designs N2 - Standardized test methods by which the efficacies of conventional Chemical wood preservatives against insects determine their toxic effects against larvae of wood boring beetles or their feeding prevention by termites. Although alternative control strategies to the application of biocides exist, such as interference with insect behavior during mating or when searching for suitable breeding and feeding sites, their acceptance, too, depends on efficacy evaluation. This is why new test set ups are needed which take behavior modifying control strategies into account. This paper will demonstrate how new laboratory tests must be designed or how existing Standards can be altered to reliably interpret insect behavior including its successful manipulation in a standardized format. T2 - 7th ICUP - International conference on urban pests CY - Ouro Preto, Brazil DA - 07.08.2011 KW - Standardized tests KW - IPM KW - Efficacy evaluation KW - Wood borers KW - Termites PY - 2011 SP - 23 EP - 26 PB - Instituto Biológico CY - Sao Paulo, Brazil AN - OPUS4-24295 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heinze, Christoph A1 - Schwenk, Christopher A1 - Rethmeier, Michael ED - Zoch, H.-W. ED - Lübben, T. T1 - Influences on the result quality of numerical calculation of welding-induced distortion N2 - The present investigations cover different relevant influences on the numerical calculation of welding-induced distortion. Therefore, a single-layer pulsed gas metal arc (GMA) weld of structural Steel S355J2+N with a thickness Öf5 mm is experimentally and numerically investigated. The influences of mesh density, tack-welds, and continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams on welding-induced distortion are studied. The quality and quantity of These effects are clarified based on the used experimental and numerical set up. The occurring differences between the investigated cases achieve significant values. Consequently, prediction of welding-induced distortion can be improved considering the present investigations. T2 - IDE 2011 - 3rd International conference on distortion engineering 2011 CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 14.09.2011 KW - Welding simulation KW - Welding-induced distortion KW - Mesh analysis KW - Tack welding KW - Continuous cooling transformation behaviour PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-88722-724-1 SP - 277 EP - 285 AN - OPUS4-24363 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Perrone, C. A1 - Müller, Urs A1 - Gardei, André A1 - Ziegert, C. T1 - Comparison of mechanical behavior of different earth masonry typologies in cultural heritage N2 - The paper has been developed in the framework of a larger EC‐research program called NIKER, in which BAM and other seventeen research partners from the Mediterrean area are jointly involved. It aims to develop and validate innovative materials and technologies for the systemic improvement of the seismic behavior of Cultural Heritage assets. The death tolls brought about by recent catastrophes in developing countries where many inhabitants lived in earthen dwellings (Gujarat, India 2001, Bam, Iran 2003 and Concepción, Chile 2010 Earthquakes, Tamil Nadu 2004 Tsunami) have brought about research studies aimed at improving earth construction in terms of strength, seismic resistance and speed of construction. In comparison to the recent advances in research on stone and brick masonry, knowledge on the material properties and failure mechanisms of earthen Building construction is limited and scattered. The research presented here by aims making a comparison of mechanical behaviour between different earth masonry material typologies, consisting of earth block masonry, rammed earth and cob. T2 - WCCE-ECCE-TCCE Joint conference 2 - Seismic protection of cultural heritage CY - Antalya, Turkey DA - 31.10.2011 KW - Earth masonry KW - Material test KW - Cultural heritage KW - Seismic resistance PY - 2011 SN - 978-605-01-0188-1 SP - 25 EP - 36 AN - OPUS4-24836 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ramge, Peter A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten A1 - Meng, Birgit ED - Drochytka, R. ED - Bohus, S. T1 - Natural stone reprofiling in cultural heritage with modular repair mortars N2 - Whenever the preservation of original substance obtains priority in a restoration task, reprofiling techniques using repair mortars are a welcome solution. For ordinary concrete repair aesthetic aspects are of minor importance whereas for the restoration of natural stone elements they come to the fore. Especially for listed buildings and monuments, historico-cultural and aesthetical interests become the ruling Parameters for planning and execution of restoration tasks. Nevertheless the technical and constructive requirements have to be considered and deterioration processes have to be understood to ensure sustainability and durability of the repair task. Due o differences in the Chemical and mineralogical composition, natural stone provides a vast variety of texture and colour. Also the range of different mechanical and durability related properties is far wider than found with concrete for example. A research project dealing with the development of a modular repair mortar System for natural stone is currently set up at the BAM. To provide the conservator with the best possible options to match colour, texture and technical requirements, the System will be setup on a modular basis. Several different binder Systems on basis of cement, lime and sodium Silicate as well as polymer based Systems are planned, which can be combined with different aggregate compositions and different pigments. To evaluate the mortar performance, test procedures will be defined for tests on mortar samples and on composite specimens. In the paper the experimental Programme will be explained and first results will be presented and discussed. T2 - 2nd WTA - Internaitonal PhD Symposium - Building materials and buidling technology to preserve the built heritage CY - Brno, Czech Republic DA - 06.10.2011 PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-937066-21-9 SN - 0947-6830 N1 - Serientitel: WTA-Schriftenreihe – Series title: WTA-Schriftenreihe IS - 36 SP - 208 EP - 216 PB - WTA Publications AN - OPUS4-24837 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -