TY - CONF A1 - Köppe, Enrico A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Liers, A. A1 - Schiller, J. T1 - Tracking persons using a radio-based multi-sensor system N2 - A multi-sensor system for 3D localization was developed and named BodyGuard. It combines body movement sensing and a guard system for the tracking and recording of the status of persons. BodyGuard was designed to monitor and transmit the movement of a person radio-based and to transform that data into a spatial coordinate. This paper describes how the BodyGuard system works, what components the system consists of, how the individual sensor data is converted into 3D motion data, with which algorithms the individual sensors are processed, how individual errors are compensated and how the sensor data are fused into a 3D Model. T2 - IPIN 2011 - International conference on indoor positioning and indoor navigation CY - Guimaraes, Portugal DA - 21.09.2011 KW - Wireless sensor network (WSN) KW - Embedded systems KW - Sensor calibration and validation KW - Person tracking KW - Inertial navigation system KW - Inertial measurement unit PY - 2011 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-24402 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Burner for peroxy-fuels (PEROXY-BAM Burner) N2 - A new burner concept (PEROXY-BAM®) for the combustion of liquid organic peroxides (Peroxy-fuels) is presented. As peroxy-fuels are thermally unstable the design of burners for them should be accordingly modified ensuring a safe operation. It is found that 10 to 100 time less amounts of peroxy fuels are required for the same heat flux or output in comparison to hydrocarbons. Correspondingly, the fuel pump power and the volume of combustion chamber (furnace) are also reduced. As a result of less amount of fuel the emissions will also be stepped down and oxygen in the molecule helps to establish conditons like in an oxy-fuel combustion process. The advantages of using peroxy-fuels over hydrocarbons inside a model combustion chamber are also investigated with the help of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations. T2 - 25. Deutscher Flammentag - Verbrennung und Feuerung CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 14.09.2011 KW - Organic peroxide KW - Peroxy-fuel KW - Burner concept KW - Combustion KW - Combustion chamber PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-18-092119-8 SN - 0083-5560 N1 - Serientitel: VDI-Berichte – Series title: VDI-Berichte VL - 2119 SP - 307 EP - 312 PB - VDI-Verl. AN - OPUS4-24388 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Panaskova, J. A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Plehn, W. A1 - Müller, D. T1 - VOC emissions from building materials accompanying sensory tests for different evaluation schemes N2 - Within a follow up project of a former study (Horn et al. 2005) emissions and odor from different types of construction products were investigated (financed by the German Federal Environmental Agency - FKZ 37 07 62 300). The tested materials were mainly those used for construction of floors indoors. For this type of materials in Germany several labeling procedures exist which are based on Emission chamber testing. Two important labeling procedures in Germany are based on the AgBBevaluation scheme (Däumling et al. 2005). For some applications (flooring material) it is the mandatory Ü-mark of DIBt (German Institute for Construction Technology). Furthermore for carpets, adhesives and many other products, like sealants, mattresses, furniture and so on the voluntary blue angel mark exist. Within this scheme the volatile organic compounds (VOC) compounds are measured with well established procedures and are evaluated with LCI-values which were derived from health information. Beyond that many complaints according to building products are caused by odors. Therefore an evaluation procedure for the odor is very important and should be implemented into all of the mentioned labeling schemes. T2 - Indoor Air 2011, 12th International conference on indoor air quality and climate CY - Austin, TX, USA DA - 05.06.2011 KW - Odor KW - Construction product KW - VOC-emission KW - Evaluation KW - AgBB PY - 2011 IS - Paper 768 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-23881 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Panaskova, J. A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Plehn, W. T1 - Results of sensory tests and sensory-limit settings for building materials in Germany N2 - Indoor air pollutants influence the health and comfort of building occupants and consequently the energy consumption of the building. The pollutants are emitted by various sources. Among these sources, building products are of particular importance. To control the emission of pollutants from building materials, a few different voluntary labelling Systems have been introduced in Europe. In Germany also mandatory “Principles for the health assessment of construction products used in interiors” have been applied for the technical approval of floor coverings since 2004. This procedure is based on the assessment scheine of the Committee for Health-related Evaluation of Building Products (AgBBScheme). The sensory-limit settings for building-material label Blue Angel offer consumer to differ not only low-emission but also low-odour Building materials from another building materials. T2 - Indoor Air 2011, 12th International conference on indoor air quality and climate CY - Austin, TX, USA DA - 05.06.2011 KW - Perceived air-quality KW - Odour evaluation KW - Odour labelling KW - Test procedure KW - Standardisation PY - 2011 IS - Paper 768 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-23882 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Wiegner, Katharina T1 - Inter-laboratory study to check the performance ot test chamber measurements for product emission testing N2 - The labelling of construction products or building materials as “low-emitting” is based on measurements using third-party emission test chambers. Unfortunately there is no method to validate the performance of such test chamber measurements. This might give a Variation of results when testing one material at different laboratories. Therefore it is necessary to hold round robin tests as part of the quality management System to ensure comparable results. A research project financed by the Federal Environmental Agency focused on the development of an external quality management System for the detection of relevant Chemical compounds from products and in ambient air. The project was structured in four phases (Horn et al., 2009 and 2011; Wilke et al., 2009a) This paper shows results of the fourth phase of the project, which was an inter-laboratory study for VOC-emission testing by means of emission test chambers. T2 - Indoor Air 2011, 12th International conference on indoor air quality and climate CY - Austin, TX, USA DA - 05.06.2011 KW - Emission test chamber KW - Product emission testing KW - VOC-Emission KW - Round robin test PY - 2011 IS - Paper 768 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-23884 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Berger, Anka A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Krause, Ulrich ED - Kühle-Weidemeier, M. T1 - Self-ignition of deposits containing recycling materials - an underestimated phenomenon N2 - Fires on waste dumps, surface landfills, Underground stowing or storage facilities of Recycling factories may have multiple harmful effects on individuals on site and on environment. Possibly several tens of thousands of tons flare up plunging vast areas in smoke and releasing large amounts of flue gases. Experience shows that fire fighting takes days or even weeks and moreover, as long as hidden glowing nests exist fires may break out repeatedly weeks or months later. In the light of this, fire prevention is much easier to manage than extinction. It is of internst to identify the geometrical and physical conditions under which the mid-term or long-term storage of recycling materials can be performed avoiding self-ignition. Our Guideline presents a novel method developed at BAM which combines experimental tests on lab-scale with numerical simulations in Order to obtain permissible geometries of deposits and storage times at which self-ignition can be certainly avoided (Berger 2010). T2 - Waste-to-resources 2011 - 4th International Symposium MBT & MRF CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 24.05.2011 KW - Self-ignition KW - Hot storage tests KW - Numerical simulations KW - FTIR spectroscopy KW - Guideline PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-86955-747-2 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Cuvillier AN - OPUS4-23920 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Beckmann, Jörg A1 - von Chrzanowski, Lars A1 - Brekow, Gerhard A1 - Brackrock, Daniel T1 - Time of flight diffraction (ToFD) with THz radiation - an alternative to the ultra sound - ToFD technique for non-metallic materials N2 - A time domain spectrometer in the range of 0.5–2 THz was used for time of flight (ToF) measurements of THz pulses for imperfection detection in non metallic materials. The measurements were performed in comparison to the established ultra sound pulse echo (PE) and time of flight diffraction (ToFD) technique. No coupling agent and no contact to the surface is required for THz ToFD measurements. Plastic test specimen with notches, voids and drilled side holes were used to study reflected and diffracted response signals. No major differences were observed between the UT and THz ToFD records for the first surface of the notches, voids and holes. Additionally to the UT records also signals were obtained from its back side and a second raw of holes. The THz measurement is fast and has the potential to substitute UT applications in some industrial areas. Within the German project 'Handheld' the potential for miniaturization of the time domain equipment is explored for efficient application. KW - Spectrometers KW - Ultrasonic diffraction KW - Acoustic signal processing KW - Voids (solid) KW - Terahertz time domain spectroscopy KW - Ultrasonic KW - Time of flight diffraction KW - Non destructive testing KW - Polymers PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3591898 SN - 0094-243X VL - 1335 SP - 541 EP - 548 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-23895 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Liehr, Sascha A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - A dynamic fiber optic strain and power change sensor N2 - A dynamic and quasi-distributed sensor principle for simultaneous measurement of length changes and optical power changes between reflection points in an optical fiber is presented. The technique is based on the incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (I-OFDR). Length change resolutions < 1 µm and measurement repetition rates up to 2 kHz can be achieved using standard single-mode and multi-mode optical fibers. Simultaneous length change and refractive index measurement as well as field test results showing the deformation of a masonry building under seismic load are presented. Promising fields of application for this technique are the structural health monitoring sector and chemical process control. T2 - 21st International conference on optical fibre sensors CY - Ottawa, Canada DA - 15.05.2011 KW - Distributed sensor KW - Strain sensor KW - Optical fiber sensor KW - Structural health monitoring KW - OFDR KW - Dynamic sensor PY - 2011 SN - 978-0-8194-8246-4 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.884577 VL - 7753 SP - 775351-1 EP - 775351-4 AN - OPUS4-24266 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Habel, Wolfgang A1 - Buchholz, Uwe A1 - Heidmann, G. A1 - Höhse, Marek A1 - Lothongkam, Chaiyaporn T1 - Fibre-optic sensors for early damage detection in plastic insulations of high-voltage facilities N2 - Fibre-optic sensors (FOS) have great potential as online damage detectors when integrated in HV accessories. Among their well-known use as temperature and strain sensors, there are some more opportunities of use, e. g. they can intimately be embedded in polymeric insulations of HV cable terminations and joints to detect and monitor partial discharges right at the location of their origin. Two FOS types for early PD detection were investigated: an embeddable fibre-optic acoustic sensor to measure acoustlc waves in polymeric insulations generated by PDs, and a fluorescent optical fibre to detect first optical effects during ionization processes in the insulation material. The paper descrlbes these methods, related monitoring Problems and shows first test results. T2 - ISH 2011 - 17th International symposium on high voltage engineering CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 22.08.2011 KW - Fibre optic sensors KW - Monitoring KW - Materials behavior KW - Early shrinkage of cement paste PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-8007-3364-4 SP - 2070 EP - 2075 PB - VDE Verlag GmbH AN - OPUS4-24270 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Habel, Wolfgang A1 - Schukar, Vivien ED - Ecke, W. ED - Peters, K.J. ED - Matikas, T.E. T1 - FOS standards and testing methods to validate fibre optic strain measurements N2 - Fiber optic sensors are increasingly used because of their outstanding performance or if special requirements avoid the application of conventional electrical sensors. The scientific background for optical fiber sensors is well developed; however, the characteristic of sensors applied in rather harsh environment are almost always different from characteristics determined in laboratory or before its installation. In order to achieve long-term stable function and reliable measurement data after application and under harsh environmental conditions, guidelines for characterization and specification of sensor components are needed as well as methodologies for testing the sensor performance must be developed. Performance tests carried out revealed that there are still some restrictions with respect to long-term reliable use: first, some sensor products available on the market are not very often appropriately characterized, described and validated; second, application procedures are not always defined due to a lack of understanding the micromechanical issues in the interface zone between sensor and measuring object. Application procedures and profound knowledge of materials behaviour are necessary to get results from the sensor that can be reliably used. The paper describes first guidelines to prove the quality of fiber optic strain sensors, a testing facility developed for unbiased tests and certification of surface-applied sensors as well as result from comparison of commercially available strain sensors. T2 - SPIE-Conference 'Smart sensor phenomena, technology, networks, and systems 2011' CY - San Diego, CA, USA DA - 06.03.2011 KW - Fiber optics KW - Strain sensor KW - Reliability KW - Durability KW - Creep KW - Application KW - Adhesive KW - Standards KW - Guideline KW - Testing PY - 2011 SN - 978-0-8194-8547-2 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.881238 VL - 7982 SP - 79820O-1 EP - 79820O-12 AN - OPUS4-24271 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -