TY - CONF A1 - Waske, Anja A1 - Funk, Alexander A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Moosavi, Robabeh A1 - Grunwald, Marcel A1 - Redmer, Bernhard A1 - Nazarzadehmoafie, Maryam T1 - X-ray non-destructive testing of materials and composites N2 - Functional materials for energy conversion are important technology drivers needed for the implementation of low carbon energy. Therefore, researchers commonly focus on improving the intrinsic properties of a functional material. However, for applications, the extrinsic properties are at least as important as the intrinsic ones. Consequently, it is important to investigate and understand the external and internal structure of semi-finished products and especially defect dependent properties. The extrinsic properties may change during application and the life cycle of the material as well as through processing and molding steps. Our studies show how X-ray tomographic (XCT) investigations can contribute to structure investigations in composites and massive samples using the example of magnetic materials for energy conversion. The components are tested non-destructively in 3D in order to localize and characterize cracks, pores, inclusions as well as other defects and their influence on the functional properties and also “in-time” during the life cycle of the material. Exsitu and in-situ experiments performed with non-destructive XCT are predestinated to follow damaging mechanisms of materials under certain load conditions, atmospheres or liquids, e.g. went through several working cycles of a functional material. By combining microtomography with other methods of magnetic and classical material characterization, unique statements about the structure and the functional properties can be made. From the applications point of view, sometimes complex, three-dimensional geometries are needed to fully exploit the functional properties of the materials, e.g. to ensure a high surface area for heat exchange. Since many functional materials are brittle and difficult to form, shaping is often a big challenge. In principle, additive manufacturing processes offer the possibility to produce complex, porous components from poorly formable alloys. If all stages of additive manufacturing are accompanied by X-ray tomographic imaging, the process of finding the optimal parameters for material processing can be significantly accelerated. Based on the quality control of the initial powder material used and also investigations of the shape and arrangement of defects within the molten structure and their relationship with the melting path scanning strategy, Xray tomography has proven to be an ideal tool for additive manufacturing, even for functional materials. Overall, tomographic methods are important tools for the development of functional materials to application maturity. T2 - Physikalisches Kolloquium TU Chemnitz CY - Chemnitz, Germany DA - 04.12.2019 KW - Non-destructuve testing KW - X-ray imaging KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Materials science PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50100 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Duffner, Eric A1 - John, Sebastian A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz T1 - Burst strength as safetycriteria for type 4 composite pressure vessels N2 - Safety aspects of the storage containments of hydrogen are independent from the kind of usage: The main criteria is the resistance against the pressure load. On the 2nd level there are aspects specific to the usage as e.g. crash loads etc. Safety is achieved when the probability (frequency) of a failure during the service life is acceptable! But an aspect common for all usages is the scatter of properties resulting from the material and the production. Therefore, it is worth to have a look on the current approach of minimum burst ratios from an unknown point of view: the basic populations of a product – based on exemplarily assessments. According to this approach, several diagrams with Monte-Carlo generated basic populations in new and aged conditions have been shown. Thus, it has been demonstrated that not the conditions at the begin of life are the critical ones. No, the end of life properties are the critical ones. This has been combined with the acceptance rate of borderline basic populations. The approach of minimum burst ratios leads to the acceptance rate of 40 % and higher for the approval of critical basic populations – critical due to their production scatter. This problem becomes much more critical when taking into account the unknown effects of degradation and in-service ageing. Therefore, we cannot support the proposed reduction of minimum burst ratio without having a stronger assessment of production scatter. T2 - 7. Sitzung der UN-ECE WP.29 Taskforce Revision der GTR 13 CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 06.11.2019 KW - Minimum burst ratio KW - Basic population KW - Scatter KW - Monte-Carlo experiment KW - Maximum service pressure KW - Production scatter KW - Failure rate PY - 2019 UR - https://wiki.unece.org/display/trans/GTR13-2-7th+session AN - OPUS4-50095 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz A1 - Duffner, Eric T1 - Grenzen der Sicherheitsbewertung von Druckgefäßen für Wasserstoff als Energieträger N2 - Druckbehälter aus Verbundwerkstoffen (sog. Composites) werden vielfältig zur Speicherung von Wasserstoff in und auf Fahrzeugen eingesetzt: auf Bus- und Zugdächern, im Pkw und auf für den Transport von Wasserstoff in sog. Batteriefahrzeugen. Alleine dort haben die neuen Composite-Speicher zu einer Gewichtsreduktion und damit Steigerung der Transporteffizienz von 10 auf 35 kg Wasserstoff pro Tonne Fahrzeuggewicht geführt. Mit der dadurch gestiegenen Menge von Wasserstoff im Fahrzeug und auch der Anzahl der Fahrzeuge ist es hilfreich, die Risiko-Aspekte genauer zu betrachten. Die Druckwelle von Wasserstoff ist zwar bei gleichem Druck-Volumen-Produkt (pV-Produkt) von geringerer Konsequenz, aber absolut dennoch erheblich. Kombiniert man diese Betrachtung mit der Risikogrenze, wie diese in der GGR 021 auf Basis der Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeit und des pV-Produkts festgelegt ist, lässt sich das Risiko zukunftsfest steuern. Zieht man als Beispiel den Schweitzer Ansatz zur Seveso-II- Richtlinie hinzu, kommt man z.B. über die Anzahl der Toten zu einer Obergrenze der Konsequenz, die unabhängig vom Risiko kritisch wird. Sobald im Katastrophenfall keine adäquaten Maßnahmen mehr ergriffen werden können, können die entsprechenden Konsequenzen zur mehr unter erheblichen Auflagen akzeptiert werden. Da ein solcher Ansatz für den Gefahrguttransport von (zukünftigen) Massengütern wie Wasserstoff nicht akzeptabel ist, muss bei der Zulassung von Wasserstoffspeichern im Transport auf ein maximales pV-produkt von 1.5 Mio bar-Liter (Prüfdruck) bzw. 1 Mio bar-Liter (Nennbetriebsdruck) geachtet werden. Diese Betrachtung hat bereits zu erheblichen Begrenzungen des Geltungsbereichs in Normungsprojekten geführt. T2 - 17. Gefahrguttechniktage Verpackungen CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 07.11.2019 KW - Druck-Volumen-Produkt KW - Katastrophe KW - Risiko KW - Konsequenz KW - Druckwelle PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50091 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Dudek, Gabriele A1 - Mirtsch, Mona T1 - The German Conformity Assessment Panel N2 - The presentation summarizes the economic research activities at Department S concerning Quality Infrastructure. It introduces the new tool "QI-FoKuS" - an annual company survey in Germany, seeking to provide data on conformity assessment and accreditation in Germany. The first company survey deals with the use and certification of management systems with a special focus on information security and the criteria for the selection of certification bodies. T2 - Visit & Workshop at CCAI CY - Beijing, China DA - 10.01.2019 KW - Confromity Assessment KW - Konformitätsbewertung KW - Umfrage KW - Certification KW - Zertifizierung KW - Qualitätsinfrastruktur KW - QI-FoKuS PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50089 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Saul, Herbert A1 - Wang, Bin T1 - Safety criteria for the transport of hydrogen in permanently mounted composite pressure vessels N2 - The recent growing of the net of hydrogen fuelling stations increases the demands to transport compressed hydrogen on road by tube-trailers in composite pressure vessels. As transport regulation the ADR is applicable in Europe and adjoined regions and used for national transport in EU. This regulation provides requirements based on the burst pressure of each individual pressure vessel, regardless the capabilities of the transported hydrogen and relevant consequences resulting from worst case scenarios. In 2012, BAM (German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) introduced consequence-dependent requirements and established them in national requirements concerning the “UN service life checks” etc.) to consider the transported volume and pressure of gases. However, this results in a stringent requirement in case of using large pressure vessels (tubes) on tube-trailers. In the studies presented here, the key safety factors for using hydrogen trailers are identified and reviewed through some safety measures from some countries like Japan, USA and China. Subsequently, the risk, chance, failure consequences of using trailers are evaluated, in addition, the difficulties for approving huge pressure vessels (large tubes) are addressed. There, a maximum acceptable pressure-volume product is defined. Finally, a performance-based criterion for the balance of chance and risk of hydrogen trailers is suggested to add into regulations and consequently into standards for hydrogen trailers. T2 - ICHS (International Conference on Hydrogen Safety) 2019 CY - Adelaide, Australia DA - 24.09.2019 KW - Battery vehicle KW - Pressure-volume product KW - Maximum acceptable consequence KW - Catastrophe KW - F-N-curve KW - Pressure wave PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50088 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grunewald, Thomas T1 - Nichtelektrischer Explosionsschutz - Mechanisch erzeugte Funken als Zündquelle N2 - Bei Geräten und Maschinen zur bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen muss in der europäischen Union eine Zündgefahrenbewertung durchgeführt werden. Dabei müssen unter anderem die Gefahren von nichtelektrischen Zündquellen betrachtet werden, zu denen auch die mechanischen Schlagvorgänge gehören. Bei Schlagvorgängen kommt es infolge des Zusammenstoßes zweier Werkstücke zu einer Umwandlung der kinetischen Energie. Dabei erhöht sich die Temperatur der Werkstoffe an der Kontaktstelle und es kommt unter Umständen zu einem Abtrennvorgang kleiner Partikel erhöhter Temperatur. Sowohl die heißen Kontaktstellen als auch die abgetrennten Partikel können eine wirksame Zündquelle für ein explosionsfähiges Gasgemisch darstellen. Zur Festlegung von Grenzwerten wurden in der Norm DIN EN ISO 80079-36 die Gasgemische anhand ihrer Explosionsgruppe klassifiziert und zu jeder Gruppe die maximale Energie des Schlagvorgangs festgelegt, unter derer die Entstehung einer wirksamen Zündquelle als unwahrscheinlich angenommen werden kann. T2 - Ausbildung zum Explosionsschutzbeauftragten (Veranst.-Nr.: H050-12-391-9) CY - Haus der Technik - Außeninstitut der RWTH Aachen und der Universität Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany DA - 03.12.2019 KW - Funken KW - Mechanisch erzeugte Funken KW - Nichtelektrische Funken KW - Nichtelektrischer Explosionsschutz KW - Schlagfunken PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50087 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Blind, K. T1 - Testbeds for standardization in the IIoT N2 - The poster presents our research findings on the role and impacts of testbeds in standardization for the industrial internet of things. Based on a multiple case study, four different approaches were identified followed in the testbeds with regard to their standardization activities. T2 - EU BRIDGIT2 Project - National Event Bridging the Innovation Gap Between Research & Market Impact using Standardisation CY - Dublin, Ireland DA - 11.09.2019 KW - Normen KW - Normung KW - Standards KW - Standardization KW - Industrie 4.0 KW - Testumgebung KW - IIoT KW - Testbed PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50086 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meng, Xiangmeng A1 - Rethmeier, Michael A1 - Bachmann, Marcel T1 - Controlling the transport phenomena of filler wire in laser beam welding by magnetohydrodynamics: a theoretical and experimental study N2 - The deep penetration laser beam welding (LBW) has developed to one of the most promising metal joining methods in the modern manufacturing industry. It has well-known advantages of good penetration capacity, low heat input, high reachable welding speed and low welding distortion in comparison to conventional arc welding techniques. However, there are still challenges in LBW making the realization of the advantages difficult, such as porosity or inhomogeneous element distribution when using filler material. The magnetohydrodynamics technique is a promising way to solve these issues by introducing a suitable electromagnetic field, and correspondingly Lorentz force, to control the Transport phenomena in the weld pool. The underlying physics in wire feed laser beam welding with electromagnetic stirring were investigated numerically and experimentally. A three-dimensional transient heat transfer and fluid flow model coupled with dynamic keyhole, magnetic induction and element transport was developed for the first time. The electromagnetic behaviour as well as the temperature and velocity profiles, solidification parameters, keyhole evolution and element transport are calculated. The model is well tested against the experimental results. The beneficial effects from electromagnetic stirring (element homogenization and grain refinement) are explained quantitatively using the numerical data and the results from high-speed imaging, OM, EDX and EBSD. T2 - Adolf Martens Fellowship Colloquium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.12.2019 KW - Laser beam welding KW - MHD PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50079 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Flame Retardancy A Bunch of Thoughts N2 - The presentation gives an overview of actual research adtivities in the field of flame retardant polymers. Details are selected illuminating the scientific topic beyond the state of the art. Different concepts are illustrated with own results obtained in different Research projects over the last 15 years. T2 - public lecture at CIATEC CY - León, Guanajuato, México DA - 06.02.2019 KW - Flame retardant KW - Modes of action KW - Mechanisms KW - Fire testing KW - Pyrolysis KW - Calorimetry PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50078 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Kluge, Martin T1 - Einsatz von Messtechnik bei Großversuchen N2 - Vortrag über den Einsatz von Messtechnik bei Großversuchen auf dem BAM TTS im Rahmen des Projektes CoFi-ABV. T2 - Öffentlicher Vortrag im Rahmen der Lehrveranstaltung "Experimentelle Methoden der Aerodynamik" CY - TU Berlin, Germany DA - 17.12.2019 KW - Behälterversagen KW - Messtechnik KW - Großversuch KW - Alternative Antriebe KW - Fahrzeugbrand PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50077 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -