TY - CONF A1 - Krentel, Daniel A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Schoppa, André A1 - Storm, Sven-Uwe A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz T1 - Einsatz von Messtechnik bei Großversuchen N2 - Vortrag über den Einsatz von Messtechnik bei Großversuchen auf dem BAM TTS im Rahmen des Projektes CoFi-ABV T2 - Lehrveranstaltung "Experimentelle Methoden der Aerodynamik" CY - TU Berlin, Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Germany DA - 05.02.2019 KW - Alternative Antriebe KW - Alternative Kraftstoffe KW - Behälterversagen KW - Fahrzeugbrand KW - Messtechnik PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47329 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Artzt, K. A1 - Haubrich, J. A1 - Requena, G. T1 - Influence of manufacturing parameters on microstructure and subsurface residual stress in SLM Ti-6Al-4V N2 - Using non-optimum combination of manufacturing parameters in selective laser melting (SLM) may lead to reduction of quality of component: defects generation, distortion of geometry and even cracking. Usually, the optimization of parameters is performed by changing volumetric energy density (Ev) and selecting parameters giving low porosity values. However, not only low porosity but also stable microstructure and low residual stresses will help to achieve advanced mechanical behavior of the component. In present work, we investigated cuboid-shaped Ti-6Al-4V samples produced with different manufacturing parameters. The parameters leading to the same Ev were considered as well as parameters which are not included in Ev. Residual stresses in subsurface region were investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction, which allows to penetrate around 100 µm from the surface therefore overcome the problem of high roughness of SLM components without additional sample preparation. Only tensile stresses were found along the building direction, that can play critical role especially during cyclic loading. In parallel, using X-ray computed tomography we also observe that porosity is mainly concentrated in the contour region, except in case where the laser speed is small. However, by using some process parameters it was possible to decrease residual stresses and obtain uniform α+β Ti microstructure and relatively low porosity. Additionally, it was found that not included in Ev (e.g., base plate position, focus distance) should be considered as additional manufacturing parameters during SLM process. T2 - ISAM Konferenz 2019 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 29.01.2019 KW - Computed Tomography KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Metals KW - Microstructure PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47328 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Thiede, Tobias A1 - Léonard, Fabien A1 - Farahbod, L. T1 - In-Situ Compression CT on Additively Manufactured in 625 Lattice Structures N2 - The porosity and the surface roughness are recently discussed problems for SLM parts. The influence of SLM process parameters on porosity is well studied for different materials. Nevertheless, the build angle (i.e. the angle between part orientation and build plate) needs to be understood as an additional SLM process parameter, as it has been shown, that the microstructure and hence the mechanical performance of various materials depend on the build angle. The inherent build angle of each strut as a part of a lattice structure is the motivation to investigate the influence of the build angle on the porosity and roughness on round-shaped (1 mm diameter) struts by means of CT. Conventional Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) has the limitation towards small and round shaped samples. The need for Computed Tomography (CT) regarding investigations of SLM parts will increase because no other non-destructive technique allows the assessment of complex geometries with inner laying surfaces. We used CT to assess the pores and the strut surface. Seven struts out of the nickel alloy Inconel 625 with build angles from 30° to 90° were studied. It was found that the number of pores is smaller, and the size of pores is larger for the 90° strut. In case of 30° strut, the number of pores is increased towards down-skin side, additionally, this strut orientation showed to have the largest number of attached powder particles. The elongated pores exist exclusively near the strut surface. While the roughness at the down-skin surface is highly depending of the biud angle, the roughness at the up-skin surface is the same for all struts. The mechanisms of pore and surface roughness formation is not mainly driven by gravity. T2 - ISAM Konferenz 2019 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 29.01.2019 KW - Computed Tomography KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Metals KW - Microstructure PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47327 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - Korrosionsschutz durch Deckschichtbildung und Passivität N2 - Metallene Konstruktionswerkstoffe reagieren infolge ihres thermodynamisch instabilen Zustandes mehr oder weniger stark mit Stoffen aus der Umgebung. Eine große Rolle bei diesen Reaktionen spielt das Feuchtigkeitsangebot an der Metalloberfläche, welches nicht zwingend mit einem sichtbaren Wasserfilm einhergehen muss. An der Atmosphäre bilden sich an sauberen Metalloberflächen bei etwa 80 % relativer Luftfeuchte, bei versalzten Oberflächen auch schon ab etwa 25 % r. F., Feuchtfilme aus. Im Feuchtfilm laufen grundsätzlich die gleichen elektrochemischen Reaktionen ab, wie diese von wässrigen Medien bekannt sind. Dabei geht das Metall zunächst in Ionenform und in nachgelagerten Reaktionen in einen thermodynamisch stabilen Zustand in Form unterschiedlichster Oxid- und Hydroxidverbindungen über. Die so entstehenden Korrosionsprodukte können im Feuchtigkeitsfilm begrenzt löslich oder unlöslich sein und lagern sich auf den Oberflächen der Konstruktionswerkstoffe häufig als feste Korrosionsprodukte ab bzw. wachsen dort auf. Je nachdem wie die Korrosionsprodukte strukturell zum Untergrund passen, können sich dichte, sehr gut haftende Schichten ausbilden oder poröse, dicke Schichten ohne nennenswerte Haftung aufwachsen. Wachsen dichte, porenfreie Schichten mit guter Haftung auf, die im umgebenden Medium unlöslich sind, wird die weitere Auflösung des Metalls stark gehemmt. Man spricht dann von der Ausbildung schützender Deckschichten bzw. von Passivschichten auf welcher der Korrosionsschutz und damit die Dauerhaftigkeit vieler Konstruktionswerkstoffe beruhen. Kaesche bezeichnete die Passivität sehr treffend als „optimalen Grenzfall des Korrosionsschutzes durch Schichten von Korrosionsprodukten“. Aus technischer Sicht hält Kaesche eine Unterscheidung von Deckschichten bzw. Passivschichten für nicht zwingend erforderlich, da beide die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit in gleichem Maß herabsetzen können. Die Übergänge zwischen den meist dickeren und dadurch sichtbaren Deckschichten und den meist dünnen, nicht sichtbaren Passivschichten sind fließend. T2 - 18. Tagung "Korrosionsschutz in der maritimen Technik" CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 30.01.2019 KW - Deckschichten KW - Korrosionsschutz KW - Passivität KW - Überzüge PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47325 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana T1 - Hard X-ray spectroscopy and imaging at the BAMline and MySpot beamlines at BESSY II (Berlin, Germany) N2 - Overview of the X-ray based analytical methods conducted at the BAMline and µSpot Beamline for structure analysis. T2 - Pccr2 + AfLS conference CY - Accra, Ghana DA - 29.01.2019 KW - X-ray spectroscopy KW - Synchrotron KW - Beamline KW - Material characterization PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47319 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Yusenko, Kirill A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Reinholz, Uwe A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - BAMline 2.0 – further technical developments for a broader multipurpose hard X-ray beamline at BESSY II N2 - We show further development of our beamline in the contexst of further itermational collaboration. T2 - PACC and AfSC CY - Accra, Ghana DA - 28.01.2019 KW - Synchrotron radiation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47317 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - van de Kreeke, Johannes T1 - Databases for proficiency testing schemes and certified reference materials - EPTIS and COMAR N2 - Databases for proficiency testing schemes and certified reference materials - EPTIS and COMAR are introduced against the background of market developments. T2 - IUPAC/CITAC Workshop on Quality of Test Results for Conformity Assessment of a Chemical Composition, Isranalytica 2019 CY - Tel Aviv, Israel DA - 21.01.2019 KW - COMAR KW - Reference materials (RM) KW - EPTIS KW - Proficiency testing (PT) PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47314 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Peters, Claudia A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Interlaboratory Comparison of Low-Field NMR Spectrometers – Purities at 200 and 10 mmol/L N2 - Due to its advantages of being a direct comparison method, quantitative NMR spectroscopy (qNMR) becomes more and more popular in industry. While conventional high-field NMR systems are often associated with high investment and operational costs, the upcoming market of permanent-magnet based benchtop NMR systems show a considerable option for a lot of applications. The mobility of these systems allows to bring them more closely to the real production environment, e.g. for at-line quality control. In this work we present an interlaboratory comparison study investigating the qNMR performance of state-of-the-art benchtop NMR spectrometers. Therefore, BAM prepared two samples of a mixture of NMR reference standards tetramethylbenzene (TMB) and tetrachloronitrobenzene (TCNB) at concentration levels of 200 mM and 10 mM. These “ready-to-use” samples were sent to participant laboratories, which performed analysis on their benchtop NMR equipment of different vendors and fields from 43 to 80 MHz. Raw data was reported back and further investigated by using different data analysis methods at BAM. After this very first qNMR comparison study of benchtop NMR spectrometers show promising results, following studies are planned to cover more parts of the qNMR process, e.g. sample preparation and weighing, but also data analysis, as commonly done in similar studies for high-field NMR spectroscopy in industry and metrology. T2 - Quantitative NMR Methods for Reaction and Process Monitoring (NMRPM) CY - Kaiserslautern, Germany DA - 31.01.2019 KW - qNMR KW - Compact NMR spectroscopy KW - Interlaboratory Comparison PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47311 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Guhl, Svetlana A1 - Kern, Simon A1 - Wander, Lukas A1 - Gräßer, Patrick A1 - Acker, J. A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Online NMR and Raman Spectroscopy – Combination of PAT tools for Process Monitoring N2 - Improvement in deep process understanding is a mandatory prerequisite for the application of modern concepts like Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) or “Industrie 4.0”. The direct hyphenation with online methods of process analytical technology (PAT) allows profound insights into the actual reactions within chemical and pharmaceutical production steps and provides necessary information for associated advanced control strategies. While the industrial application of online Raman spectroscopy has already been successfully demonstrated, low-field NMR spectroscopy is not yet adequately developed as a robust online method for use in process industry. The high information content combined with the low calibration effort makes NMR spectroscopy a highly promising method for modern process automation with a high flexibility due to short set-up times and novel calibration concepts. This is a major advantage compared to other analytical methods, especially regarding multi-purpose plant strategies, as well as processes suffering from fluctuating quality of raw materials. The work presented here focusses on the heterogeneous catalyzed hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol, as a step of the synthesis of industrially important solvent tetrahydrofuran. This reaction is proceeding via an intermediate product and suffers from competitive reaction paths. In this application, online NMR and Raman spectroscopy were combined with data from classical process sensors, e.g., pressure, temperature, and flow transducers in a highly automated setup for the development of innovative control concepts. T2 - Quantitative NMR Methods for Reaction and Process Monitoring (NMRPM) CY - Kaiserslautern, Germany DA - 31.01.2019 KW - Process Analytical Technology KW - Hydrogenation KW - Compact NMR Spectroscopy KW - Online-NMR spectroscopy PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47310 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Kern, Simon A1 - Guhl, Svetlana A1 - Wander, Lukas A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Already Producing or Still Calibrating? – Advances of Model-Based Automation for Online NMR Spectroscopy N2 - The transition from the current automation landscape to next generation automation concepts for the process industry has already begun. Smart functions of sensors simplify their use and enable plug-and-play integration, even though they may appear to be more complex at first sight. Monitoring specific information (i.e., “chemical” such as physico-chemical properties, chemical reactions, etc.) is the key to “chemical” process control. Here we introduce our smart online NMR sensor module provided in an explosion proof housing as example. Due to NMR spectroscopy as an “absolute comparison method”, independent of the matrix, it runs with very short set-up times in combination with “modular” spectral models. These are based on pure component NMR spectra without the need for tedious calibrations runs. We present approaches from statistical, (i.e., Partial Least Squares Regression) to physically motivated models (i.e., Indirect Hard Modelling). Based on concentration measurements of reagents and products by the NMR analyser a continuous production and direct loop process control were successfully realized for several validation runs in a modular industrial pilot plant and compared to conventional analytical methods (HPLC, near infrared spectroscopy). The NMR analyser was developed for an intensified industrial process funded by the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (“Integrated CONtrol and SENsing”, www.consens-spire.eu). T2 - 2nd Reaction Monitoring Symposium CY - Bath, UK DA - 28.01.2019 KW - Process Analytical Technology KW - NMR Spectroscopy KW - Modular Production PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47309 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -