TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Romero-Navarrete, José A. T1 - A simplified model to simulate the pitch instability of a partially filled tank trailer N2 - Singular situation of pitch instability, modeled through simplified models. More analysis is required to proposed vehicle design improvements. T2 - IMECE 2017 CY - Tampa, FL, USA DA - 03.11.2017 KW - Pitch instability KW - Tank trailer KW - Simulation PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42851 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - Accessing radiation damage to biomolecules on the nanoscale by particle-scattering simulations N2 - Radiation damage to DNA plays a central role in radiation therapy to cure cancer. The physico-chemical and biological processes involved encompass huge time and spatial scales. To obtain a comprehensive understanding on the nano and the macro scale is a very challenging tasks for experimental techniques alone. Therefore particle-scattering simulations are often applied to complement measurements and aide their interpretation, to help in the planning of experiments, to predict their outcome and to test damage models. In the last years, powerful multipurpose particle-scattering framework based on the Monte-Carlo simulation (MCS) method, such as Geant4 and Geant4-DNA, were extended by user friendly interfaces such as TOPAS and TOPAS-nBio. This shifts their applicability from the realm of dedicated specialists to a broader range of scientists. In the present review we aim to give an overview over MCS based approaches to understand radiation interaction on a broad scale, ranging from cancerous tissue, cells and their organelles including the nucleus, mitochondria and membranes, over radiosensitizer such as metallic nanoparticles, and water with additional radical scavenger, down to isolated biomolecules in the form of DNA, RNA, proteins and DNA-protein complexes. Hereby the degradation of biomolecules by direct damage from inelastic scattering processes during the physical stage, and the indirect damage caused by radicals during the chemical stage as well as some parts of the early biological response is covered. Due to their high abundance the action of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and secondary low energy electrons (LEE) as well as prehydrated electrons are covered in additional detail. Applications in the prediction of DNA damage, DNA repair processes, cell survival and apoptosis, influence of radiosensitizer on the dose distribution within cells and their organelles, the study of linear energy transfer (LET), the relative biological effectiveness (RBE), ion beam cancer therapy, microbeam radiation therapy (MRT), the FLASH effect, and the radiation induced bystander effect are reviewed. KW - DNA KW - Protein KW - G5P KW - OH KW - Au KW - AuNP KW - Radiation KW - SSB KW - DSB KW - Beta decay KW - Brachytherapy KW - Cancer treatment KW - Clustered nanoparticles KW - DNA damage KW - Dosimetry KW - Energy deposit KW - Geant4 KW - Geant4-DNA KW - Gold Nanoparticles KW - Livermore model KW - Low energy electrons KW - MCS KW - Microdosimetry KW - Monte-Carlo simulation KW - NP KW - OH radical KW - Particle scattering KW - Penelope model KW - Proteins KW - Radiation damage KW - Radiation therapy KW - Radiationtherapy KW - Radioactive decay KW - Radiolysis KW - Radiotherapy KW - Simulation KW - TOPAS KW - TOPAS-nbio KW - Base damage KW - Base loss KW - DNA radiation damage KW - Direct damage KW - Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) KW - Dissociative electron transfer (DET) KW - Double-strand break (DSB) KW - ESCA KW - Hydrated DNA KW - Hydrated electron KW - Hydration shell KW - Hydroxyl radical KW - Indirect damage KW - Ionization KW - Ionisation KW - NAP-XPS KW - Near ambient pressure xray photo electron spectroscopy KW - Net-ionization reaction KW - Prehydrated electron KW - Presolvated electron KW - Quasi-direct damage KW - ROS KW - Radical KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Single-strand break (SSB) KW - XPS KW - Xray KW - Xray photo electron spectrocopy KW - Cosolute KW - Ectoin KW - Ectoine KW - GVP KW - Gene five protein KW - Hydroxyectoine KW - Ionizing radiation damage KW - OH radical scavenger KW - Monte-Carlo simulations KW - Nanodosimetry KW - Osmolyte KW - Particle scattering simulations KW - Protein unfolding KW - Radical Scavenge KW - Radical scavenger KW - Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins KW - SAXS KW - Bio-SAXS KW - X-ray scattering KW - ssDNA KW - dsDNA KW - FLASH effect KW - Bystander effect KW - Ion beam therapy KW - Bragg peak KW - LET KW - MCNP KW - Photons KW - Electrons KW - Carbon ions KW - MRT KW - RNA KW - RBE KW - base loss KW - abasic side KW - DMSO KW - Cells PY - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-573240 SN - 2399-6528 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 042001 PB - Institute of Physics (IOP) Publishing CY - London AN - OPUS4-57324 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hünecke, Joachim A1 - Schöne, Dieter A1 - Klingbeil, Dietmar A1 - Bork, Claus-Peter T1 - Advanced life prediction by microstructural simulation of short cracks in a low carbon steel N2 - This paper deals with life prediction by observation and simulation of short fatigue cracks in cyclically loaded smooth and notched specimens made of 0.15 wt-% carbon steel SAE1017. The measured crack behaviour was simulated in a microstructural environment. Reference tests under constant amplitude loading allowed to determine model parameters and hence a reasonable life prediction by simulation resulted even for service loading. Short crack behaviour was a measurable property for damage also to compare smooth and notched specimens. KW - Short cracks KW - Life prediction KW - Simulation KW - Fatigue KW - Microstructure KW - Service loading KW - Notch KW - Kurze Risse KW - Gefüge KW - Ermüdung KW - Lebensdauer PY - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.07.049 SN - 0142-1123 VL - 28 IS - 9 SP - 993 EP - 1000 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-12559 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ertel, Jens-Peter A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Grohmann, Maria T1 - Advances in pile integrity testing N2 - For decades, the low-strain impact integrity testing using a hammer blow is well established as a method of quality assurance for various pile types. However, this method has its limitations. Our research and development focuses on improving the excitation signal using a shaker system in contrast to the standard hammer method. Another approach is to increase the amount of sensors used during testing. The purpose is to identify the direction of wave propagation which gives advantages under difficult conditions, such as piles below structures. Pile integrity testing (PIT) using a shaker system was performed on two 11 m long piles of 90 cm in diameter. While one pile was intact, the other one showed a flaw at approx. 3.5 m below pile top, which was confirmed by standard PIT in 2012. A logarithmic sweep between 500 Hz and 1 KHz of 0.1 s was used as the input signal, being vertically injected into the pile. Prior to that, simulations on similar pile geometries showed that the depth of the pile toe as well as flaws within the pile can be extracted by applying regularized deconvolution. The result is the impulse response in the time domain. The application of deconvolution on the measured signals shows that it is possible to identify the pile length but it is more difficult to clearly extract the flaw’s position in the pile. Additional digital signal processing techniques and the improvement of the regularized deconvolution method as well as the experimental setup need to be investigated. Another way to improve the PIT method is to use a multichannel sensor arrangement. By arranging several accelerometers vertically along the accessible part of the pile shaft, it is possible to distinguish between downward and upward traveling waves. Furthermore, it is possible to estimate the unknown wave speed, which gives the possibility of more accurate pile length calculations. The method was evaluated successfully during a measurement campaign of a slab foundation with subjacent piles. In 20 of 28 cases the pile length could be detected accurately. KW - Pile integrity testing KW - Pile length KW - CEFIT KW - Deconvolution KW - Simulation PY - 2016 UR - http://nsg.eage.org/publication/publicationdetails/?publication=86879 SN - 1569-4445 SN - 1873-0604 VL - 14 IS - 6 SP - 503 EP - 512 PB - EAGE Publications AN - OPUS4-37837 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Alexander A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Casperson, Ralf A1 - Zhang, Tianyun A1 - Olm, G. A1 - Islam, A. A1 - Simroth, A. T1 - AI-based analysis of eddy current and ultrasonic rail testing data N2 - Non-destructive testing of rail tracks is carried out by using rail inspection cars equipped with ultrasonic and eddy current measurement. The evaluation of test data is mainly done manually, supported by a software tool which pre-selects relevant indications shown to the evaluators. The resulting indications have to be checked on-site using hand-held testing equipment. Maintenance interventions are then derived on the basis of these on-site findings. Overall aim of the AIFRI (Artificial Intelligence For Rail Inspection) project - funded by the German Federal Ministry of Digital and Transport (BMDV) as part of the mFUND programme under funding code 19FS2014 – is to increase the degree of automation of the inspection process from the evaluation of the data to the planning of maintenance interventions. The accuracy of defect detection shall be increased by applying AI methods in order to enable an automated classification of detected indications into risk classes. For this purpose, data from both eddy current inspections and ultrasonic inspections will be used in combination. Within the framework of this data-driven project, relevant defect patterns and artefacts present in the rail are analysed and implemented into a configurable digital twin. With the help of this digital twin virtual defects can be generated and used to train AI algorithms for detection and classification. With the help of reliability assessment trained AI algorithms will be evaluated with regard to the resulting quality in defect detection and characterisation. A particular aspect of the development of AI methods is the data fusion of different NDT data sources: Thereby, synergies are used that arise from linking eddy current and ultrasonic inspection data in a combined model. In the course of the project a demonstrator consisting of the developed IT-tool and an asset management system will be implemented and tested in the field using real-world data. T2 - NDT in Railway CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.09.2022 KW - NDT KW - Eddy current KW - Ultra sound KW - Simulation KW - Machine learning PY - 2022 UR - https://www.dgzfp.de/seminar/railway/#5 AN - OPUS4-57236 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Spaltmann, Dirk A1 - Woydt, Mathias T1 - Alternative approach to simulate an entire particle erosion experiment N2 - The cause and type of solid particle erosion varies across different industries and locations in plants, for instance the particles could be volcanic ash in aero-engines, fly ash in boilers, exfoliated scale in steam turbines or mineral matter in oil excavation. In all cases the durability of materials can be improved through better surface engineering and coatings, but the development of these is restricted also due to lack of generic models. In this respect, the simulation of a single impact with finite element methods using 100.000 knots would take about 15 minutes. In order to simulate an entire particle erosion experiment, up to one billion of such impacts would have to be considered. In order to simulate an entire particle erosion experiment, the current work presents an alternative approach capable of calculating about half a billion impacts on a substrate in less than six hours on a standard PC. The predictions of the simulation will be compared to a steel sample at 600°C eroded by aluminum oxide particles with a velocity around 210 m/s. T2 - The 6th World Tribology Congress - WTC 2017 CY - Beijing, China DA - 17.09.2017 KW - Particle erosion KW - Simulation KW - Wear PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42448 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Spaltmann, Dirk A1 - Woydt, Mathias T1 - Alternative approach to simulate an entire particle erosion experiment N2 - The cause and type of solid particle erosion varies across different industries and locations in plants, for instance the particles could be volcanic ash in aero-engines, fly ash in boilers, exfoliated scale in steam turbines or mineral matter in oil excavation. In all cases the durability of materials can be improved through better surface engineering and coatings, but the development of these is restricted also due to lack of generic models. In this respect, the simulation of a single impact with finite element methods using 100.000 knots would take about 15 minutes. In order to simulate an entire particle erosion experiment, up to one billion of such impacts would have to be considered. In order to simulate an entire particle erosion experiment, the current work presents an alternative approach capable of calculating about half a billion impacts on a substrate in less than six hours on a standard PC. The predictions of the simulation will be compared to a steel sample at 600°C eroded by aluminum oxide particles with a velocity around 210 m/s. T2 - The 6th World Tribology Congress CY - Beijing, China DA - 17.09.2017 KW - Particle erosion KW - Simulation KW - Wear PY - 2017 SP - 1 EP - 3 AN - OPUS4-42449 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kloß, Heinz A1 - Wäsche, Rolf T1 - Analytical approach for wear prediction of metallic and ceramic materials in tribological applications T2 - ECOTRIB 2007 CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia DA - 2007-06-12 KW - Wear KW - Surface temperature KW - Activation energy KW - Simulation KW - Movable cellular automata (MCA) PY - 2007 VL - I SP - 223 EP - 234 PB - Slovenská Akadémia Vied CY - Ljubljana AN - OPUS4-14972 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kloß, Heinz A1 - Wäsche, Rolf T1 - Analytical approach for wear prediction of metallic and ceramic materials in tribological applications N2 - Wear mechanisms, as adhesion, abrasion, fatigue and tribochemical wear, are complex in their physical and chemical nature. A theoretical description and prediction of wear are in most cases still far from reality. It is, therefore, important to use test rigs before a practical application of a given material combination under tribological loading. On the other hand, model equations can be helpful for wear description, if a single wear mechanism is dominant. Under oscillating and continuous sliding contact conditions, equations for wear calculation are presented to describe running-in and stationary wear behaviour of metals and ceramics. By using shear energy density, real area of contact, flash temperature, activation energy and numerical simulations with the method of movable cellular automata (MCA), wear data were calculated and compared to experimental laboratory results. KW - Wear KW - Surface temperature KW - Activation energy KW - Simulation KW - Movable cellular automata (MCA) PY - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.04.034 SN - 0043-1648 VL - 266 IS - 3-4 SP - 476 EP - 481 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-18651 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bellon, Carsten T1 - aRTist – An Industrial-Radiology Simulator Using Tcl/Tk & VTK N2 - Industrial radiography or Radiographic Testing (RT) is a method of non-destructive testing where many types of manufactured components can be examined to verify the internal structure and integrity of the specimen. The computer program aRTist can generate synthetic radiographs from a virtual RT test set-up. In the field of industrial radiology simulation is used, e.g. to optimize techniques for complex applications, to support the preparation of written procedures, and for education purposes. The simulator aRTist combines analytical and Monte Carlo methods to efficiently model the radiation transport. The program comes with a graphical user interface written in Tcl/Tk. In combination of Tcl/Tk and the 3D capabilities of the visualization toolkit (VTK) a practical and convenient simulator has been realized. This will be illustrated by discussing application scenarios of classical radiography, X-ray computer tomography, and X-ray backscatter imaging. Additionally, some insight to the software implementation of the simulator will be given. T2 - EuroTCL 2017, 15th European Tcl/Tk User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 08.07.2017 KW - Simulation KW - Radiography KW - Computed tomography PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43153 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -