TY - CONF
A1 - Yagdjian, H.
A1 - Lecompagnon, Julien
A1 - Hirsch, Philipp
A1 - Ziegler, Mathias
A1 - Gurka, M.
T1 - Application of the Thermal Shock Response Spectrum (TSRS) methodology to various forms of heat sources by impulse thermography
N2 - In this paper, we investigate the influence of different heat source pulse shapes by Infrared impulse thermography (IRT) on the results of the thermal shock response spectrum (TSRS) methodology. TSRS is a new alternative approach for evaluating impulse thermography (IRT) data based on an analogy to Shock Response Spectrum (SRS) analysis (ISO 18431) for mechanical systems. It allows processing the entire recorded signal without truncating the saturated thermogram, as in pulse-phase thermography (PPT) or thermal signal reconstruction (TSR). For this purpose, we use a widespread halogen lamp as heat source as well as laser spot. The laser source enables not only to generate a precise shape of the pulse, but also to heat a specific area of the sample uniformly. This makes it possible to suppress influences of lateral fluxes due to uneven distribution of the excitation source on the surface of the specimen and leads to improved results. In order to quantitatively compare the results and to investigate the possible influence of the source shape on the TSRS, the Tanimoto criterion and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were applied to the region of interest (ROI) of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate with artificial defects as defect detectability criterion.
T2 - Jahrestaung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) 2024
CY - Osnabrück, Germany
DA - 06.05.2024
KW - Thermal shock response
KW - Laser
KW - ZfP
KW - Post-processing
KW - Thermografie
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60158
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kianinejad, Kaveh
A1 - Darvishi Kamachali, Reza
A1 - Khedkar, Abhinav
A1 - Manzoni, Anna
A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo
A1 - Schriever, Sina
A1 - Saliwan Neumann, romeo
A1 - Megahed, Sandra
A1 - Heinze, Christoph
A1 - Kamrani, Sepideh
A1 - Fedelich, Bernard
T1 - Creep anisotropy of additively manufactured Inconel-738LC: Combined experiments and microstructure-based modeling
N2 - The current lack of quantitative knowledge on processing-microstructure–property relationships is one of the major bottlenecks in today’s rapidly expanding field of additive manufacturing. This is centrally rooted in the nature of the processing, leading to complex microstructural features. Experimentally-guided modeling can offer reliable solutions for the safe application of additively manufactured materials. In this work, we combine a set of systematic experiments and modeling to address creep anisotropy and its correlation with microstructural characteristics in laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) additively manufactured Inconel-738LC (IN738LC). Three sample orientations (with the tensile axis parallel, perpendicular, and 45° tilted, relative to the building direction) are crept at 850 °C, accompanied by electron backscatter secondary diffraction (EBSD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations. A crystal plasticity (CP) model for Ni-base superalloys, capable of modeling different types of slip systems, is developed and combined with various polycrystalline representative volume elements (RVEs) built on the experimental measurements. Besides our experiments, we verify our modeling framework on electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB/M) additively manufactured Inconel-738LC. The results of our simulations show that while the crystallographic texture alone cannot explain the observed creep anisotropy, the superlattice extrinsic stacking faults (SESF) and related microtwinning slip systems play major roles as active deformation mechanisms. We confirm this using TEM investigations, revealing evidence of SESFs in crept specimens. We also show that the elongated grain morphology can result in higher creep rates, especially in the specimens with a tilted tensile axis.
KW - Additive manufactured Ni-base superalloys
KW - Creep
KW - Crystal plasticity
KW - Superlattice extrinsic stacking faults
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601576
SN - 0921-5093
VL - 907
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-60157
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Barkeshli, Mandana
A1 - Stephan, Ina
A1 - Shevchuk, Ivan
A1 - Soltani, Mojtaba
T1 - Characteristics of Sizing Materials Used in Persian Medieval Manuscripts: Physical, Optical, Spectral Imaging, and Fungicidal Properties
N2 - In this study, we investigated the diverse range of materials used for sizing in Iranian paper manuscripts during the Timurid (fifteenth century) to Safavid (sixteenth century) and Qajar (nineteenth century) periods. Our approach combined historical analysis with scientific examination of reconstructed sizings. We reconstructed 15 sizing materials based on identified Persian historical recipes and analysed their physical, optical, and spectral characteristics. Additionally, we assessed their behaviour against the mould fungus Aspergillus flavus. The results revealed distinctive properties for each sizing material, shedding light on their potential applications in paper preservation. Furthermore, our investigation demonstrated variations in hygroscopicity, thickness, grammage, and ash content post-sizing. The sizing materials also exhibited different effects on paper reflectance properties. Additionally, our study revealed insights into the impact of sizing on burnished papers, indicating that the mechanical process of burnishing did not significantly alter the chemical composition or spectral properties of the paper, with only minor changes in brightness observed in specific cases. All tested sizing materials supported varying levels of mould growth, indicating potential implications for paper conservation. Our findings provide valuable insights into the historical practices of Iranian paper sizing and offer practical considerations for the preservation of paper manuscripts.
KW - Paper sizings
KW - Persian historical recipes
KW - Physical and optical characteristics
KW - Fungicidal property
KW - Spectral imaging
PY - 2024
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2024.2342647
SP - 1
EP - 18
PB - Informa UK Limited
AN - OPUS4-60159
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Altmann, Korinna
T1 - Mikroplastik Detektion mit Thermoanalytischen Methoden: Analytik, Referenzmaterial, Ringversuche
N2 - Ich dem Vortrag geht es um die Vorstellung von thermoanalytischen Methoden für die Mikroplastik-Detektion. Verschiedene Kopplungsmöglichkeiten werden gezeigt und die Funktionsweise der TED-GC/MS wird erklärt. Im zweiten Teil werden Referenzmaterialien für die Mikroplastik-Analytik diskutiert. PET -Tabletten des PlasticTrace Projektes werden vorgestellt. Am Ende wird der VAMAS Ringversuch zur Mikroplastik-Detektion gezeigt.
T2 - Plastik, Mikroplastik, Nanopartikel, PFAS und Verunreinigungen (Agilent Workshop)
CY - Hamburg, Germany
DA - 28.05.2024
KW - Mikroplastik
KW - TED-GC/MS
KW - Polymer 3R
KW - Ringversuche
KW - Referenzmaterial
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60155
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vogel, K.
A1 - Sieg, T.
A1 - Veh, G.
A1 - Fiedler, B.
A1 - Moran, T.
A1 - Peter, M.
A1 - Rottler, E.
A1 - Bronstert, A.
T1 - Natural Hazards in a Changing World: Methods for Analyzing Trends and Non‐Linear Changes
N2 - Estimating the frequency and magnitude of natural hazards largely hinges on stationary models, which do not account for changes in the climatological, hydrological, and geophysical baseline conditions. Using five diverse case studies encompassing various natural hazard types, we present advanced statistical and machine learning methods to analyze and model transient states from long‐term inventory data. A novel storminess metric reveals increasing European winter windstorm severity from 1950 to 2010. Non‐stationary extreme value models quantify trends, seasonal shifts, and regional differences in extreme precipitation for Germany between 1941 and 2021. Utilizing quantile sampling and empirical mode decomposition on 148 years of daily weather and discharge data in the European Alps, we assess the impacts of changing snow cover, precipitation, and anthropogenic river network modifications on river runoff. Moreover, a probabilistic framework estimates return periods of glacier lake outburst floods in the Himalayas, demonstrating large differences in 100‐year flood levels. Utilizing a Bayesian change point algorithm, we track the onset of increased seismicity in the southern central United States and find correlation with wastewater injections into deep wells. In conclusion, data science reveals transient states for very different natural hazard types, characterized by diverse forms of change, ranging from gradual trends to sudden change points and from altered seasonality to overall intensity variations. In synergy with the physical understanding of Earth science, we gain important new insights into the dynamics of the studied hazards and their possible mechanisms.
KW - Natural hazards
KW - Time dependent modeling
KW - Transient state
KW - Data science
KW - Climate change
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601540
VL - 12
IS - 5
SP - 1
EP - 29
PB - American Geophysical Union (AGU)
AN - OPUS4-60154
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Nagelschmidt, Sven
T1 - Ein Beitrag zur Zusammenführung von Zeit-Temperatur-Äquivalenz-Methoden: Entwicklung und Anwendung am Beispiel ausgewählter Materialverhalten für Zeit-Temperatur-Parameter und Zeit-Temperatur-Superpositionsprinzip
N2 - In der Wissenschaft und Technik gibt es verschiedene Gründe, um auf Basis geeigneter Modelle in die Zukunft schauen zu wollen, beispielsweise um zu bewerten, ob ein Bauteil auch noch deutlich länger verwendet werden kann als eigentlich einmal vorgesehen. Eine Methode dieses zu tun, basiert auf dem Zeit-Temperatur-Äquivalenz-Prinzip, welches besagt, dass ein Zustand oder eine Materialeigenschaft gleichwertig bei verschiedenen Zeit-Temperatur-Kombinationen auftritt oder erreicht werden kann. Höhere Temperaturen verkürzen in der Regel die Dauer und umgekehrt. In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat sich ein umfangreiches Methodenspektrum für unterschiedliche Werkstoffe und Anwendungsgebiete entwickelt, sodass die Identifikation einer geeigneten Methode für einen konkreten Anwendungsfall oder neue Materialien eine Herausforderung darstellt. These: „Fortschrittlich wäre, existierende Methoden zusammenzuführen, methodenspezifische Vorteile zu kombinieren, um mit geringerem Aufwand ein geeignetes Prognosemodell zu entwickeln.“
Für metallische Werkstoffe und Polymere verläuft die Entwicklung von Prognosemodellen mit Zeit-Temperatur-Korrelation seit ca. 1940 parallel und unabhängig voneinander. In diesem Zusammenhang bekannte Methoden sind das Zeit-Temperatur-Superpositionsprinzip und Zeit-Temperatur-Parameter, wie der LARSON-MILLER-Parameter. Die jeweiligen methodischen Ansätze sind in der Regel anwendungs- und materialspezifisch und nur einzelnen Fachartikeln zu entnehmen. Eine zusammenführende thematische Übersicht und Untersuchung existierender Methoden wurden bislang nicht publiziert. Diese Forschungsarbeit verfolgt dahingehend einen neuartigen methodischen Ansatz und zeigt untersuchte Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede als auch Analogien für das Zeit-Temperatur-Superpositionsprinzip und Zeit-Temperatur-Parameter anhand bestimmter Merkmale auf. Dafür wurden verschiedene analytische und grafische Ansätze verwendet. Ferner wird eine zusammenführende Untersuchung anhand eines rheologischen Materialmodells sowie anhand eines praktischen Anwendungsbeispiels gezeigt. Hergeleitet wurde u. a., dass das Prinzip der Zeit-Temperatur-Superposition für sogenanntes thermorheologisch einfaches und komplexes Verhalten konkreten Zeit-Temperatur-Parametern zugeordnet werden können. Und dadurch Verschiebefunktionen nicht nur in Abhängigkeit der Temperatur, sondern auch abhängig vom Zustand untersucht und definiert werden können. Ferner ermöglicht eine Skalierung der Zeit-Temperatur-Parameter auf eine Referenztemperatur physikalisch anschaulichere Auswertungen analog zum Zeit-Temperatur-Superpositionsprinzip. Untersuchungen zeigen, dass sich für einen konkreten Anwendungsfall die geeignetste Zeit-Temperatur-Äquivalenz-Methode aus einer gegenseitigen Abhängigkeit bzw. Kompatibilität einzelner Elemente, wie zugrunde gelegte Daten, Koordinatenachsenskalierung, ermittelte Zeit-Temperatur-Äquivalenz, Masterfunktionsansatz und der geforderten Interpolationsgüte herleitet.
Der gewählte Forschungsansatz und die erzielten Ergebnisse bieten eine Plattform für die weitere Entwicklung von Prognosemodellen auf Basis des Zeit-Temperatur-Äquivalenz-Prinzips, insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine Zusammenführung und Kombination existierender Methoden.
KW - Zeit-Temperatur-Äquivalenz
KW - Zeit-Temperatur-Korrelation
KW - Zeit-Temperatur-Superposition
KW - Extrapolation
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601530
SP - 1
EP - 145
CY - TU Bibliothek online
AN - OPUS4-60153
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Altenburg, Simon
A1 - Breese, Philipp P.
A1 - Oster, Simon
A1 - Becker, Tina
A1 - Scheuschner, Nils
T1 - SAMMIE – Forschungssystem für die additive Fertigung von Metallen (PBF-LB/M) zur Entwicklung von In-situ-Überwachungs- und -prüfmethoden
N2 - Die additive Fertigung von Metallen hat inzwischen einen Reifegrad erreicht, der einen Einsatz in vielen Industriezweigen ermöglicht oder in greifbare Nähe rückt. Die Vorteile liegen vor allem in der Möglichkeit der Fertigung komplexer Bauteile, die sich konventionell nicht oder nur sehr aufwändig produzieren lassen, sowie in der Fertigung von hochindividualisierten Bauteilen in kleinen Stückzahlen. Allerdings ist der additive Fertigungsprozess hoch komplex und fehleranfällig. Um eine insbesondere für sicherheitsrelevante Bauteile notwendige Qualitätskontrolle zu gewährleisten, ist aktuell aufwändige nachgelagerte ZfP der einzelnen Bauteile notwendig. Alternativen könnten die In-situ-Prozessüberwachung und -prüfung bieten, die aktuell aber noch keinen ausreichenden Entwicklungsstand erreicht haben. Industrielle Fertigungsanlagen bieten keine oder nur geringe Flexibilität und Zugänglichkeit, um umfangreiche Untersuchungen auf diesem Gebiet zu ermöglichen. Daher haben wir an der BAM ein System für den Prozess des selektiven Laserschmelzens (PBF-LB/M) entwickelt, genannt SAMMIE. Es bietet eine komplett offene Systemarchitektur mit voller Kontrolle über den Prozess und flexiblem Zugang zur Baukammer, z.B. optisch sowohl direkt als auch koaxial zum Fertigungslaser. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir das System vor und zeigen erste experimentelle Ergebnisse der In-situ-Überwachung und -prüfung: Thermografische Schmelzbadüberwachung, optische Tomografie und In-situ-Laserthermografie. SAMMIE ermöglicht uns grundlegende Untersuchungen, die helfen werden, die In-situ-Prozessüberwachung und -prüfung weiterzuentwickeln, neue Erkenntnisse über die additive Fertigung zu gewinnen und die Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit des Prozesses zu verbessern.
T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2024
CY - Osnabrück, Germany
DA - 06.05.2024
KW - PBF-LB/M
KW - In situ monitoring
KW - Anlage
KW - Additive Fertigung
KW - Prozessüberwachung
KW - Additive Manufacturing
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60149
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Becker, Tina
A1 - Stark, T.
A1 - Arduini, M.
A1 - Manara, J.
A1 - Altenburg, Simon
T1 - Emissivity – Gamechanger for quantitative in-situ monitoring
N2 - For a deep process understanding of the laser powder bed fusion process (PBF-LB/M), recording of the occurring surface temperatures is of utmost interest and would help to pave the way for reliable process monitoring and quality assurance. A notable number of approaches for in-process monitoring of the PBF-LB/M process focus on the monitoring of thermal process signatures. However, due to the elaborate calibration effort and the lack of knowledge about the occurring spectral directional emissivity, only a few approaches attempt to measure real temperatures. In this study, to gain initial insights into occurring in the PBF-LB/M process, measurements on PBF-LB/M specimens and metal powder specimens were performed for higher temperatures up to T = 1290 °C by means of the emissivity measurement apparatus (EMMA) of the Center for Applied Energy Research (CAE, Wuerzburg, Germany). Also, measurements at ambient temperatures were performed with a suitable measurement setup. Two different materials—stainless steel 316L and aluminum AlSi10Mg—were examined. The investigated wavelength λ ranges from the visible range (λ-VIS = 0.40–0.75 µm) up to the infrared, λ = 20 µm. The influence of the following factors were investigated: azimuth angle φ, specimen temperature TS, surface texture as for PBF-LB/M surfaces with different scan angles α, and powder surfaces with different layer thicknesses t.
T2 - Rapid.Tech 3D 2024
CY - Erfurt, Germany
DA - 14.05.2024
KW - PBF-LB/M
KW - In situ monitoring
KW - Emissivity
KW - Additive Manufacturing
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60148
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Jauregui Rozo, Maria
A1 - Sunder, Sruthi
A1 - Schartel, Bernhard
A1 - Ruckdäschel, Holger
T1 - Weaving through fire and force: Fire behavior, fire stability and modes of action between epoxy resin and glass-fiber composites
N2 - Several investigation groups have studied the flame-retardancy modes of action and properties of epoxy resins in the past; nevertheless, the selection of suitable flame retardants for epoxy resins remains challenging, and the transfer to fiber composites is difficult. The addition of flame retardants and glass fibers (GFs) to a polymeric system in a fire scenario changes the polymer's pyrolytic path and burning characteristics, reduces the heat released in the combustion, and suppresses the modes of action in the condensed and gas phase. In this study, the thermal analysis, flammability, fire behavior, residue analysis, fire stability, and quantification of modes of action of three different systems with three halogen-free flame retardants (melamine polyphosphate (MPP), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and silane ammonium polyphosphate (SiAPP)) and three different types of GFs (unidirectional (UD), bidirectional (BD), and woven roving (WR)) will be compared with pure epoxy resin as a reference.
T2 - Fire & Polymers
CY - New Orleans, LA, USA
DA - 12.05.2024
KW - Glass-fiber-composites
KW - Epoxy Resins
KW - Flame Retardancy
KW - Fire Stability
KW - Bench-scale Fire Resistance Test
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60150
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Lu, Xin
A1 - Hicke, Konstantin
A1 - Krebber, Katerina
T1 - Distributed fiber optic sensing for monitoring of underground facilities
N2 - Distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) technique is a promising and robust non-destructive testing tool that can seamlessly acquire environmental conditions over large scales. Therefore, it has found extensive applications in structural health monitoring. Its appeal for monitoring underground facilities lies in the intrinsic properties of the optical fiber, such as immunity to magnetic interference, small size, chemical inertia, etc. This paper provides a concise overview of DFOS applications in underground facility monitoring. Following a brief introduction to the working principle of the DFOS technique, various examples are provided to demonstrate how distributed fiber sensors contribute to monitoring underground facilities. The paper presents unpublished field test results with an emphasis in the energy sector, including monitoring gas storage facilities, geothermal reservoir exploration, and ground movement detection. Furthermore, the paper identifies several directions for enhancing the DFOS system.
T2 - SPIE Photonics Europe
CY - Strasbourg, France
DA - 07.04.2024
KW - Underground gas storage
KW - Distributed fiber sensing
KW - Geothermal borehole
KW - Ground movement
KW - Leakage detection
KW - Structure health monitoring
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60146
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico
A1 - Bernardy, Christopher
A1 - Hahn, Sarah-K.
A1 - Krause, Ulrich
T1 - Sicherheit elektrochemischer Energiespeicher - Ergebnisse aus dem Projekt SEE-2L
N2 - Im Rahmen Rahmen des BMBF-Vorhabens SEE-2L wurde auf dem Testgelände Technische Sicherheit (BAM TTS) ein Großversuchsstand für das thermische Durchgehen von Lithium-Batterien auf Modul- und Batterieebene entwickelt und aufgebaut. Im Zuge des Projektes konnte eine erste Versuchsserie zu den Auswirkungen des thermischen Durchgehens von Batteriemodulen durchgeführt werden. Im Vortrag werden die wesentlichen Ergebnisse der Versuche vorgestellt.
T2 - Magdeburg-Köthener Brandschutz- und Sicherheitstagung
CY - Magdeburg, Germany
DA - 14.03.2024
KW - Auswirkungsbetrachtungen
KW - Elektrische Energiespeicher
KW - Lithium-Ionen-Batterie
KW - Stationäre Energiespeicher
KW - Thermisches Durchgehen
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60143
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Friedrich, Alexander
A1 - Zhang, Tianyun
A1 - Heckel, Thomas
A1 - Casperson, Ralf
T1 - Simulation von Ultraschall- und Wirbelstromprüfdaten für die Schienenprüfung
N2 - Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts "Artificial Intelligence for Rail Inspection" (AIFRI) wird ein KI-Algorithmus entwickelt, um die Fehlererkennung und Bewertung bei der Auswertung von Schienenprüfungen mittels Ultraschall- und Wirbelstromprüfverfahren zu verbessern. Die Bandbreite möglicher Defekte und die Menge an Einflussgrößen auf die Schienenprüfung ist sehr groß, aber die Prüfdaten aus dem Feld bilden diese Bandbreite nicht balanciert ab und sind unzureichend gelabelt. Durch Simulationen werden große Mengen detailliert gelabelter Daten für relevante Schienenschädigungen und Artefakte bereitgestellt. Aus diesen Daten werden wiederum virtuellen Prüffahrten erstellt, die für das Training und die Validierung der KI genutzt werden können.
In unserem Vortrag stellen wir den Erstellungsprozess der Datensätze vor. Jeder Schritt von der Geometriedarstellung bis zur Datenverarbeitung wird erfasst. Der Fokus wird auf Simulationsergebnisse und deren Verarbeitung gelegt. Die Signalverarbeitung spielt in den Datensätzen eine große Rolle, dabei werden die Datensätze an die realen Daten angepasst. Für Wirbelstrom und Ultraschall werden diese Prozesse im Hinblick auf die Fehlertypen Head Checks und Bohrungsanrisse veranschaulicht. Ferner diskutieren wir die Simulation von Schweißnähten, die von beiden Prüfsystem detektiert werden können; und somit besondere Abstimmung bedürfen aber auch Synergieeffekte zwischen den Prüfsystem ermöglichen.
Für die Ablage der Datensätze verweisen wir auf das ebenfalls eingereichte Poster „Verwendung von DICONDE bei der Eisenbahn-Schienenprüfung“.
Das Projekt AIFRI wird im Rahmen der Innovationsinitiative mFUND unter dem Förderkennzeichen 19FS2014 durch das Bundesministerium für Digitales und Verkehr gefördert.
T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2024
CY - Osnabrück, Germany
DA - 06.05.2024
KW - Wirbelstrom
KW - Ultraschall
KW - Simulation
KW - Machine Learning
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60138
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Dudziak, Mateusz
A1 - Bhatia, Riya
A1 - Dey, Rohit
A1 - Ullrich, Matthias S.
A1 - Schartel, Bernhard
T1 - Phosphor-enriched wastewater products as sustainable flame retardant in PLA
N2 - Revolutionizing our polymer industry for adaption to a sustainable carbon circular economy has become one of today’s most demanding challenges. Exploiting renewable resources to replace fossil-fuel—based plastics with biopolymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is inevitable while using waste streams as a raw material resource at least is promising. When it comes to using PLA as technical polymer, its high flammability must be addressed by flame retardants compatible with the thermoplastic processing of PLA and its compostability. This study proposes microalgae enriched with phosphorus from wastewater (P-Algae) as an elegant way towards a kind of sustainable organophosphorus flame retardant. The concept is demonstrated by investigating the processing, pyrolysis, flammability, and fire behavior of PLA/P-Algae, while varying the P-Algae content and comparing P-Algae with four alternative bio-fillers (phosphorylated lignin, biochar, thermally treated sewage sludge, and metal phytate) with different P-contents as meaningful benchmarks.
T2 - EcoFRam2024
CY - Valencia, Spain
DA - 22.05.2024
KW - PLA
KW - Flame retardancy
KW - Phosphorylated algae
KW - Wastewater flame retardants
KW - Zink phytate
KW - Phosphorylated lignin
KW - Thermally treated sludge
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60142
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Becker, Tina
A1 - Stark, T.
A1 - Arduini, M.
A1 - Manara, J.
A1 - Altenburg, Simon
T1 - Knowing the spectral directional emissivity of 316L and AlSi10Mg PBF-LB/M surfaces: Gamechanger for quantitative in situ monitoring
N2 - For a deep process understanding of the laser powder bed fusion process (PBF-LB/M), recording of the occurring surface temperatures is of utmost interest and would help to pave the way for reliable process monitoring and quality assurance. A notable number of approaches for in-process monitoring of the PBF-LB/M process focus on the monitoring of thermal process signatures. However, due to the elaborate calibration effort and the lack of knowledge about the occurring spectral directional emissivity, only a few approaches attempt to measure real temperatures. In this study, to gain initial insights into occurring in the PBF-LB/M process, measurements on PBF-LB/M specimens and metal powder specimens were performed for higher temperatures up to T = 1290 °C by means of the emissivity measurement apparatus (EMMA) of the Center for Applied Energy Research (CAE, Wuerzburg, Germany). Also, measurements at ambient temperatures were performed with a suitable measurement setup. Two different materials—stainless steel 316L and aluminum AlSi10Mg—were examined. The investigated wavelength λ ranges from the visible range (λ-VIS= 0.40–0.75 µm) up to the infrared, λ = 20 µm. The influence of the following factors were investigated: azimuth angle φ, specimen temperature TS, surface texture as for PBF-LB/M surfaces with different scan angles α, and powder surfaces with different layer thicknesses t.
T2 - Rapid.Tech 3D 2024
CY - Erfurt, Germany
DA - 14.05.2024
KW - PBF-LB/M
KW - In situ monitoring
KW - Emissivity
KW - Additive manufacturing
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601471
SN - 2363-9520
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Springer
CY - Cham, Switzerland
AN - OPUS4-60147
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Groschke, Matthias
A1 - Becker, Roland
T1 - Comparison of carrier gases for the separation and quantification of mineral oil hydrocarbon (MOH) fractions using online coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection
N2 - On-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (HPLC-GC-FID) was used to compare the effect of hydrogen, helium and nitrogen as carrier gases on the chromatographic characteristics for the quantification of mineral oil hydrocarbon (MOH) traces in food related matrices. After optimisation of chromatographic parameters nitrogen carrier gas exhibited characteristics equivalent to hydrogen and helium regarding requirements set by current guidelines and standardisation such as linear range, quantification limit and carry over. Though nitrogen expectedly led to greater peak widths, all required separations of standard compounds were sufficient and humps of saturated mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOSH) and aromatic mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOAH) were appropriate to enable quantitation similar to situations where hydrogen or helium had been used. Slightly increased peak widths of individual hump components did not affect shapes and widths of the MOSH and MOAH humps were not significantly affected by the use of nitrogen as carrier gas. Notably, nitrogen carrier gas led to less solvent peak tailing and smaller baseline offset. Overall, nitrogen may be regarded as viable alternative to hydrogen or helium and may even extend the range of quantifiable compounds to highly volatile hydrocarbon eluting directly after the solvent peak.
KW - Mineral oil hydrocarobons
KW - Food
KW - Liquid chromatography
KW - Gas chromatography
KW - MOSH/MOAH
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601450
SN - 0021-9673
VL - 1726
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Elsevier
CY - New York, NY
AN - OPUS4-60145
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas
T1 - 11. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein 08/BAM 8.3/10/94 für eine Vliesstoffmatte als Bestandteil einer Schutzschicht aus geosynthetischer Schutzlage und feinkiesiger mineralischer Schutzlage für Dichtungsbahnen in Deponieabdichtungen
N2 - 11. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein für eine Vliesstoffmatte als Bestandteil einer Schutzschicht aus geosynthetischer Schutzlage und feinkiesiger mineralischer Schutzlage für Dichtungsbahnen in Deponieabdichtungen der Fa. Naue GmbH & Co. KG.
KW - Deponie
KW - Zulassung
KW - Schutzschicht
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601343
SP - 1
EP - 20
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-60134
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas
T1 - 6. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein 08/BAM 4.3/02/14 für ein Kunststoff-Dränelement für Deponieoberflächenabdichtungen
N2 - 6. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein für ein Kunststoff-Dränelement für Deponieoberflächenabdichtungen der Fa. Naue GmbH & Co. KG.
KW - Deponie
KW - Zulassung
KW - Kunststoff-Dränelement
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601339
SP - 1
EP - 27
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-60133
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas
T1 - 6. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein 08/BAM IV.3/08/10 für Vliesstoffe zum Filtern und Trennen für Deponieabdichtungen
N2 - 6. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein für Vliesstoffe zum Filtern und Trennen für Deponieabdichtungen der Fa. Naue GmbH & Co. KG.
KW - Deponie
KW - Zulassung
KW - Geotextilien
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601324
SP - 1
EP - 19
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-60132
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas
T1 - 3. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein 08/BAM IV.3/04/04 für eine geotextile Schutzlage als Bestandteil einer Schutzschicht aus geosynthetischer Schutzlage und feinkiesiger mineralischer Schutzlage für Dichtungsbahnen in Deponieabdichtungen
N2 - 3. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein für eine geotextile Schutzlage als Bestandteil einer Schutzschicht aus geosynthetischer Schutzlage und feinkiesiger mineralischer Schutzlage für Dichtungsbahnen in Deponieabdichtungen der Fa. HUESKER Synthetic GmbH.
KW - Deponie
KW - Zulassung
KW - Schutzschicht
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601315
SP - 1
EP - 21
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-60131
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas
T1 - 3. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein 08/BAM IV.3/10/10 für Vliesstoffe zum Filtern und Trennen für Deponieabdichtungen
N2 - 3. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein für Vliesstoffe zum Filtern und Trennen für Deponieabdichtungen der Fa. HUESKER Synthetic GmbH.
KW - Deponie
KW - Zulassung
KW - Geotextilien
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601307
SP - 1
EP - 25
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-60130
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas
T1 - 3. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein 06/BAM IV.3/04/99 für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) in Basis- und Überflächenabdichtungen von Deponien
N2 - 3. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) in Basis- und Überflächenabdichtungen von Deponien der Fa. AGRU Kunststofftechnik GmbH.
KW - Deponie
KW - Zulassung
KW - Kunststoffdichtungsbahn
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601298
SP - 1
EP - 6
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-60129
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas
T1 - 3. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein 06/BAM IV.3/03/07 für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) in Basis- und Oberflächenabdichtungen von Deponien
N2 - 3. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) in Basis- und Oberflächenabdichtungen von Deponien der Fa. AGRU Kunststofftechnik GmbH.
KW - Deponie
KW - Zulassung
KW - Kunststoffdichtungsbahn
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601285
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-60128
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas
T1 - 2. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein 06/BAM 4.3/05/16 für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) in Basis- und Oberflächenabdichtungen von Deponien
N2 - 2. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein 06/BAM 4.3/05/16 für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) in Basis- und Oberflächenabdichtungen von Deponien der Fa. AGRU Kunststofftechnik GmbH.
KW - Deponie
KW - Zulassung
KW - Kunststoffdichtungsbahn
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601270
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-60127
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas
T1 - 2. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein 06/BAM 4.3/04/16 für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) in Basis- und Oberflächenabdichtungen von Deponien
N2 - 2. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) in Basis- und Oberflächenabdichtungen von Deponien der Fa. AGRU Kunststofftechnik GmbH.
KW - Deponie
KW - Zulassung
KW - Kunststoffdichtungsbahn
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601269
SP - 1
EP - 6
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-60126
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas
T1 - 3. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein 06/BAM IV.3/02/07 für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) in Basis- und Oberflächenabdichtungen von Deponien
N2 - 3. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) in Basis- und Oberflächenabdichtungen von Deponien der Fa. AGRU Kunststofftechnik GmbH.
KW - Deponie
KW - Zulassung
KW - Kunststoffdichtungsbahn
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601245
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-60124
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas
T1 - 1. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein 06/BAM 4.3/01/19 für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) in Basis- und Oberflächenabdichtungen von Deponien
N2 - 1. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) in Basis- und Oberflächenabdichtungen von Deponien der Fa. AGRU Kunststofftechnik GmbH.
KW - Deponie
KW - Zulassung
KW - Kunststoffdichtungsbahn
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601159
SP - 1
EP - 6
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-60115
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas
T1 - 1. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein 06/BAM 4.3/01/14 für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) in Basis- und Oberflächenabdichtungen von Deponien
N2 - 1. Nachtrag zum Zulassungsschein für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) in Basis- und Oberflächenabdichtungen von Deponien der Fa. AGRU Kunststofftechnik GmbH.
KW - Deponie
KW - Zulassung
KW - Kunststoffdichtungsbahn
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601147
SP - 1
EP - 6
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-60114
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nag, Sayak
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Tothadi, Srinu
A1 - Bhattacharya, Biswajit
A1 - Ghosh, Soumyajit
T1 - Distinct photomechanical responses of two new 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid derivative crystals
N2 - We demonstrate two distinct photomechanical responses (i.e. photomechanical bending and photosalient bursting) of two new 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid derivative crystals based on tailoring their substituents and the modulation of their spacers.
KW - Crystal engineering
KW - Fexible crystals
PY - 2024
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CE00233D
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-60141
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kunkel, Benny
A1 - Seeburg, Dominik
A1 - Kabelitz, Anke
A1 - Witte, Steffen
A1 - Gutmann, Torsten
A1 - Breitzke, Hergen
A1 - Buntkowsky, Gerd
A1 - Guilherme Buzanich, Ana
A1 - Wohlrab, Sebastian
T1 - Highly productive V/Zn-SiO2 catalysts for the selective oxidation of methane
N2 - The production of formaldehyde on industrial scale requires huge amounts of energy due to the involvement of reforming processes in combination with the demand in the megaton scale. Hence, a direct route for the transformation of (bio)methane to formaldehyde would decrease costs and puts less pressure on the environment. Herein, we report on the use of zinc modified silicas as possible support materials for vanadium catalysts and the resulting consequences for the performance in the selective oxidation of methane to formaldehyde. After optimization of the Zn content and reaction conditions, a remarkably high space-time yield of 12.4 kgCH2O⋅kgcat − 1 ⋅h− 1 was achieved. As a result of the extensive characterization by means of UV–vis, Raman, XANES and NMR spectroscopy it was found that vanadium is in the vicinity of highly dispersed zinc atoms which promote the formation of active vanadium species as supposed by theoretical calculations. This work presents a further step of catalyst development towards direct industrial methane conversion which may help to overcome current limitations in the future.
KW - Catalysis
KW - XANES
KW - Selective oxidation
PY - 2024
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2024.114643
SN - 0920-5861
VL - 432
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-60137
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kemmler, Samuel
T1 - Simulating Piping Erosion in Suction Buckets
N2 - This presentation gives an overview of the recent achievements in simulating piping erosion during the installation process of suction bucket foundations for offshore wind turbines. The physical correctness of the code is validated, and the simulation code's performance on the LUMI supercomputer is presented. The simulation results are compared to experimental data.
T2 - Forschungsbesuch
CY - Aix-en-Provence, France
DA - 14.05.2024
KW - Offshore wind turbine
KW - Suction bucket
KW - Coupled fluid-particle simulation
KW - High-performance computing
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60136
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Hübner, Martin
A1 - Dittmann, Florian
A1 - Kromm, Arne
A1 - Varfolomeev, Igor
A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas
T1 - Einfluss der Nahtgeometrie auf den Eigenspannungsabbau unter Verwendung von Low Transformation Temperature (LTT) – Schweißzusätzen
N2 - Low Transformation Temperature (LTT)-Schweißzusätze stellen einen innovativen Ansatz zur Erhöhung der Ermüdungsfestigkeit geschweißter Konstruktionen dar. LTT-Schweißzusätze zeichnen sich durch eine martensitische Phasenumwandlung nahe der Raumtemperatur aus, welche Druckeigenspannungen in der Schweißnaht und der Wärmeeinflusszone (WEZ) generieren.
Dieser Vortrag fokussiert sich auf die gezielte Einbringung zusätzlicher LTT-Lagen an ermüdungskritischen Stellen von konventionell geschweißten Verbindungen. Dies ermöglicht eine ökonomische Anwendung, ohne dass die Schweißnahtintegrität zu stark beeinflusst wird. Die Auswirkungen zusätzlicher LTT-Lagen wurden anhand geschweißter Längssteifen aus hochfestem Stahl hinsichtlich der chemischen Zusammensetzung und der Eigenspannungen untersucht. Unter Variation der Schweißgeschwindigkeit und Abstand zur konventionellen Naht konnten 3 unterschiedliche Nahtausführungen des Chrom-Nickellegierten LTT-Zusatzes bewertet werden.
Die chemische Zusammensetzung wurde mittels OES-Analysen untersucht. Dabei stellte heraus, dass die Aufmischung in allen Varianten sehr ähnlich war trotz teils unterschiedlicher LTT-Volumina. Härtebestimmungen ergaben in allen 3 Varianten eine ähnliche Härte. Daraus lässt sich annehmen, dass die Martensitstarttemperatur bei allen Nahtvarianten ähnlich ist.
Röntgenografische Eigenspannungsmessungen belegen, dass die Eigenspannungen am versa-genskritischen Nahtübergang bei Einsatz von LTT-Schweißzusätzen deutlich abgesenkt werden. Während die konventionelle Schweißnaht Zugeigenspannungen von ca. 350 MPa aufweist, können an den LTT-Nähten teilweise Druckeigenspannungen von bis zu -150 MPa nachgewiesen werden. Je höher der Abstand zur konventionellen Naht und je größer das eingebrachte LTT-Volumen ist, umso stärker sind die Eigenspannungsreduzierungen am Nahtübergang. Da in allen 3 Varianten eine ähnliche Martensitstarttemperatur angenommen werden kann, ist somit die Geometrische Komponente der LTT-Zusatzlage ein entscheidender Faktor für die Eigenspannungsreduzierung.
T2 - AWT FA 13
CY - Wolfsburg, Germany
DA - 19.03.2024
KW - Chemische Zusammensetzung,
KW - LTT
KW - Nahtgeometrie
KW - Eigenspannungen
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60135
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Grundmann, Jana
A1 - Bodermann, Bernd
A1 - Ermilova, Elena
A1 - Weise, Matthias
A1 - Hertwig, Andreas
A1 - Klapetek, Petr
A1 - Rafighdoost, Jila
A1 - Pereira, Silvania F.
T1 - Optical and tactile measurements on SiC sample defects
N2 - Abstract. In power electronics, compound semiconductors with large bandgaps, like silicon carbide (SiC), are increasingly being used as material instead of silicon. They have a lot of advantages over silicon but are also intolerant of nanoscale material defects, so that a defect inspection with high accuracy is needed. The different defect types on SiC samples are measured with various measurement methods, including optical and tactile methods. The defect types investigated include carrots, particles, polytype inclusions and threading dislocations, and they are analysed with imaging ellipsometry, coherent Fourier scatterometry (CFS), white light interference microscopy (WLIM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These different measurement methods are used to investigate which method is most sensitive for which type of defect to be able to use the measurement methods more effectively. It is important to be able to identify the defects to classify them as critical or non-critical for the functionality of the end product. Once these investigations have been completed, the measurement systems can be optimally distributed to the relevant defects in further work to realize a hybrid analysis of the defects. In addition to the identification and classification of defects, such a future hybrid analysis could also include characterizations, e.g. further evaluation of ellipsometric data by using numerical simulations.
KW - Compound semiconductors
KW - Hybrid metrology
KW - Material defects
KW - Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
KW - Scanning Probe Microscopy
KW - White-light Interference Microscopy
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601220
SN - 2194-878X
VL - 13
IS - 1
SP - 109
EP - 121
PB - Copernicus GmbH
AN - OPUS4-60122
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weber, Mike
A1 - Völzke, Holger
A1 - Nieslony, Gregor
T1 - Consequences of an Imperfectly Mounted Reinforcement Cage in a Cylindrical Concrete Container During Mechanical Specimen Tests
N2 - In 2007 the license for the German Konrad repository for low and intermediate level radioactive waste was finally confirmed. Since then, the site is improved, prepared and equipped for the currently planned start of waste package emplacement in 2029. Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung is regularly contracted by the Bundesgesellschaft für Endlagerung as the responsible authority for waste product control, waste container design testing, and waste package acceptance. In this context BAM is mainly responsible for design testing of various container types including the evaluation of quality assurance measures for container manufacturing.
In addition to general requirements concerning container design, the casks have to withstand specific mechanical load scenarios. Drop tests from different heights under consideration of the most damaging drop orientation and a stacking test are two examples for necessary safety demonstrations.
If the containers are made from concrete the reinforcement has the function to absorb tensile forces the concrete is not able to withstand by its own. Because of manufacturing imperfections of cylindrical concrete containers manufactured already decades ago, the reinforcement cages are not always exactly, asymmetrically positioned when they were poured. This inspired BAM to perform various ABAQUS® finite-element (FE) simulations by using the example of a simplified cylindrical container design with generic dimensions. On the basis of the calculated tensile and compressive stress distributions suggestions are derived on how a cylindrical concrete container with an imperfectly placed reinforcement cage has to be oriented for a drop or stacking test to ensure the most damaging test scenario.
T2 - RAMTRANS 2024
CY - London, United Kingdom
DA - 14.05.2024
KW - Finite-element-analysis
KW - Container design testing procedure
KW - Reinforced concrete containers
KW - Drop test
KW - Stacking test
KW - Imperfectly mounted reinforcement cage
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60120
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Poka, Konstantin
A1 - Ali, Sozol
A1 - Saeed, Waleed
A1 - Merz, Benjamin
A1 - Epperlein, Martin
A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai
T1 - Design and implementation of a machine log for PBF-LB/M on basis of IoT communication architectures and an ETL pipeline
N2 - AbstractPowder Bed Fusion with Laser Beam of Metals (PBF-LB/M) has gained more industrial relevance and already demonstrated applications at a small series scale. However, its widespread adoption in various use cases faces challenges due to the absence of interfaces to established Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) that support customers in the predominantly data-driven quality assurance. Current state-of-the-art PBF-LB/M machines utilize communication architectures, such as OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA), Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface (REST API). In the context of the Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) and the Internet of Things (IoT), the assets, particularly the physical PBF-LB/M machines, already have an integration layer implemented to communicate data such as process states or sensor values. Missing is an MES component acting as a communication and information layer. To address this gap, the proposed Extract Transform Load (ETL) pipeline aims to extract relevant data from the fabrication of each build cycle down to the level of scan vectors and additionally to register process signals. The suggested data schema for archiving each build cycle adheres to all terms defined by ISO/TC 261—Additive Manufacturing (AM). In relation to the measurement frequency, all data are reorganized into entities, such as the AM machine, build cycle, part, layer, and scan vector. These scan vectors are stored in a runtime-independent format, including all metadata, to be valid and traceable. The resulting machine log represents a comprehensive documentation of each build cycle, enabling data-driven quality assurance at process level.
KW - FAIR data
KW - Data-driven quality assurance
KW - Laser powder bed fusion
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601256
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AN - OPUS4-60125
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Karsten
A1 - Mair, Georg
A1 - Dufner, Eric
A1 - Kriegsmann, Andreas
T1 - Experimentelle Untersuchungen von Composite-Druckgasbehältern: Prüfverfahren, Anwendungsbeispiele und Entwicklungen
N2 - Dem AVK-Arbeitskreis Wasserstoff-Drucktanks werden ausgehend von Zielen und Aufgaben der BAM sowie der Fachkompetenz auf dem Gebiet der Sicherheit von Composite-Druckbehältern über die prüftechnische Ausstattung, die angewendeten und weiterentwickelten Prüf- und Untersuchungsmethoden sowie zu Beispielen von Forschungsvorhaben wie DELFIN, COLIBRI und SH2APED berichtet.
T2 - Arbeitskreissitzung
CY - Frankfurt a.M., Germany
DA - 24.04.2024
KW - Composite-Druckbehälter
KW - Berstversuch
KW - Hydraulischer Lastwechselversuch
KW - Feuersicherheit
KW - Impakt
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60117
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Lohrke, Heiko
A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
ED - Lee, J. B.
T1 - Robotic Scanning Absorption Spectroscopy for Methane Leak Detection: the Virtual Gas Camera
N2 - This paper explores combining a gimbal-mounted tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensor and a video camera to create a virtual gas camera for methane leak detection. This provides a low-to-zero-cost extension of typical TDLAS gas tomography systems. A prototype setup mounted on a ground robot is evaluated. Results acquired using a simulated methane leak show the feasibility of the virtual gas camera, accurately detecting methane leaks by overlaying concentrations onto a visual image. While the acquisition time is significantly longer than for traditional gas cameras, potential enhancements are discussed. The study concludes that the virtual gas camera is feasible and useful, despite its longer acquisition time. It serves as a valuable software-only addition to typical TDLAS gas tomography systems, offering quickly-available on-site data augmentation for visual leak assessment at low-to-zero cost.
T2 - 20th International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose
CY - Grapevine, Texas, USA
DA - 12.05.2024
KW - Mobile Robotic Olfaction
KW - TDLAS
KW - Gas Tomography
KW - Gas Camera
KW - Plume
PY - 2024
SN - 979-8-3503-4865-1
SP - 1
EP - 3
PB - IEEE
CY - USA
AN - OPUS4-60109
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Hüllmann, Dino
A1 - Winkler, Nicolas P.
A1 - Lohrke, Heiko
A1 - Lilienthal, A. J.
ED - Lee, J. B.
T1 - Outdoor Gas Plume Reconstructions: A Field Study with Aerial Tomography
N2 - This paper outlines significant advancements in our previously developed aerial gas tomography system, now optimized to reconstruct 2D tomographic slices of gas plumes with enhanced precision in outdoor environments. The core of our system is an aerial robot equipped with a custom-built 3-axis aerial gimbal, a Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensor for CH4 measurements, a laser rangefinder, and a wide-angle camera, combined with a state-of-the-art gas tomography algorithm. In real-world experiments, we sent the aerial robot along gate-shaped flight patterns over a semi-controlled environment with a static-like gas plume, providing a welldefined ground truth for system evaluation. The reconstructed cross-sectional 2D images closely matched the known ground truth concentration, confirming the system’s high accuracy and reliability. The demonstrated system’s capabilities open doors for potential applications in environmental monitoring and industrial safety, though further testing is planned to ascertain the system’s operational boundaries fully.
T2 - 20th International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose
CY - Grapevine, Texas, USA
DA - 12.05.2024
KW - Aerial robot
KW - TDLAS
KW - Gas Tomography
KW - Plume
PY - 2024
SN - 979-8-3503-4865-1
SP - 1
EP - 3
PB - IEEE
CY - USA
AN - OPUS4-60107
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - He, Zhiming
A1 - Dechesne, Arnaud
A1 - Schreiber, Frank
A1 - Zhu, Yong-Guan
A1 - Larsson, Joakim
A1 - Smets, Barth
T1 - Understanding Stimulation of Conjugal Gene Transfer by Nonantibiotic Compounds: How Far Are We?
N2 - A myriad of nonantibiotic compounds is released into the environment, some of which may contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance by stimulating conjugation. Here, we analyzed a collection of studies to (i) identify patterns of transfer stimulation across groups and concentrations of chemicals, (ii) evaluate the strength of evidence for the proposed mechanisms behind conjugal stimulation, and (iii) examine the plausibility of alternative mechanisms. We show that stimulatory nonantibiotic compounds act at concentrations from 1/1000 to 1/10 of the minimal inhibitory concentration for the donor strain but that stimulation is always modest (less than 8-fold). The main proposed mechanisms for stimulation via the reactive oxygen species/SOS cascade and/or an increase in cell membrane permeability are not unequivocally supported by the literature. However, we identify the reactive oxygen species/SOS cascade as the most likely mechanism. This remains to be confirmed by firm molecular evidence. Such evidence and more standardized and high-throughput conjugation assays are needed to create technologies and solutions to limit the stimulation of conjugal gene transfer and contribute to mitigating global antibiotic resistance.
KW - Antibiotic resistance
KW - Horizontal gene transfer
KW - Conjugation
KW - Chemicals
PY - 2024
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c06060
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - ACS Publications
AN - OPUS4-60105
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Winkler, Nicolas P.
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Schaffernicht, Erik
A1 - Lilienthal, Achim
T1 - Gas Distribution Mapping With Radius-Based, Bi-directional Graph Neural Networks (RABI-GNN)
N2 - Gas Distribution Mapping (GDM) is essential in monitoring hazardous environments, where uneven sampling and spatial sparsity of data present significant challenges. Traditional methods for GDM often fall short in accuracy and expressiveness. Modern learning-based approaches employing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) require regular-sized input data, limiting their adaptability to irregular and sparse datasets typically encountered in GDM. This study addresses these shortcomings by showcasing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for learningbased GDM on irregular and spatially sparse sensor data. Our Radius-Based, Bi-Directionally connected GNN (RABI-GNN) was trained on a synthetic gas distribution dataset on which it outperforms our previous CNN-based model while overcoming its constraints. We demonstrate the flexibility of RABI-GNN by applying it to real-world data obtained in an industrial steel factory, highlighting promising opportunities for more accurate GDM models.
T2 - International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN)
CY - Grapevine, TX, USA
DA - 12.05.2024
KW - Gas distribution mapping
KW - Spatial interpolation
KW - Graph neural networks
KW - Mobile robot olfaction
PY - 2024
SN - 979-8-3503-7053-9
SP - 1
EP - 3
PB - IEEE
AN - OPUS4-60103
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Gleim, Tobias
A1 - Feldkamp, Martin
A1 - Quercetti, Thomas
A1 - Musolff, André
A1 - Werner, Jan
A1 - Wille, Frank
T1 - Enhancement of Fire Test Stand Performance at Test Site of BAM: Installation and Evaluation of an Augmented System with a Fire Reference Package
N2 - Packages for the transport of radioactive material are designed to en-dure severe accidents. Packages for the transportation of radioactive material must demonstrate that the package can withstand certain prescribed tests from the IAEA Regulations [1]. In addition to mechanical tests, a thermal test in form of a fire test must be carried out. As packages to be tested at BAM are signifi-cantly larger than previous package designs, BAM has expanded an existing fire test stand. A modular concept is chosen, which means that the arrangement of the burner nozzles can be adapted to the test specimen. The dimensions of the burner rings, the type, the orientation and the number of burner nozzles can be varied depending on the test specimen. In addition, various pumps can be used to set the corresponding mass flow. With the help of a calorimeter test, the fire test stand can be qualified for a specific size of packages regarding the boundary conditions of the IAEA Regulations [1]. Due to the typically wood filled impact limiters in German package designs, a fire test is necessary, as experiments have shown that possible openings that occurred during a mechanical test contributed to the igni-tion of the wood filled impact limiters within the prescribed 30 minutes of the IAEA Regulations [1]. From a series of experiments, two experiments are pre-sented to show the possibilities to obtain different temperatures and temperature rates in the test specimen. In addition to sensor data, the heat flux into the package is calculated to verify that the IAEA boundary conditions are satisfied. In addition to the temperature data, other data such as wind speed and wind direction are also recorded to explain subsequent effects in the measurement data in a comprehen-sible manner.
T2 - Wood & Fire Safety 2024
CY - Strbske Pleso, Slowakei
DA - 13.05.2024
KW - IAEA Regu-lations
KW - Fire Test Stand
KW - Accident Scenario
KW - Fire Qualification
PY - 2024
UR - https://link.springer.com/book/9783031591761
SN - 978-3-031-59176-1
SN - 978-3-031-59179-2
SN - 978-3-031-59177-8
VL - 1
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Springer Cham
AN - OPUS4-60101
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Klein, Ulrich
A1 - Erning, Johan Wilhelm
A1 - Yerlikaya, K.
T1 - Korrosion an Rohren aus ferritischem Stahl 1.4521
N2 - An Trinkwasserrohren aus ferritischem Stahl (1.4521) sind bei einigen größeren Bauvorhaben massive Korrosionsschäden aufgetreten. Die Leckagen treten ausschließlich durch Spaltkorrosion in Pressverbindungen auf, wo konstruktionsbedingt ein mit Wasser gefüllter Spalt zwischen der Rohr-Außenseite und dem Pressfitting gebildet wird. Im Vortrag werden die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse aus verschiedenen Schadensfällen der jüngeren Vergangenheit vorgestellt.
T2 - GfKORR e.V. Arbeitskreis Schadensanalyse
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 09.03.2024
KW - Spaltkorrosion
KW - Chromstahl
KW - Trinkwasser
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60098
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Rolle, Annette
A1 - Neumeyer, Tino
A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor
A1 - Wille, Frank
T1 - Investigations of Aged Metal Seals for Transport Package Safety Assessment
N2 - Acceptable limits for activity release from transport casks for high-level radioactive material specified in the IAEA regulations must be kept by the integrity of cask body and the cask sealing system. BAM as the German competent authority for mechanical, thermal and containment assessment of packages liable for approval verifies the activity release compliance with the regulatory limits. The specification of conservative package design leakage rates is one of the most important aspects in assessment.
Metal seals of the Helicoflex® Type are usually used to ensure the required package tightness for both, storage, and transport of the cask before and after storage. Due to the long-term use the seal behavior is influenced by temperature and time. The mechanical and thermal loadings associated with the routine, normal and accident conditions of transport specified in the regulations can have a significant effect on the leak tightness of the sealing system. Whereas the safety for application of new, non- aged Helicoflex® seals is verified sufficiently, there are still technical data gaps concerning the efficiency of aged Helicoflex® seals.
BAM performed experiments to learn more about the sealing efficiency of aged Helicoflex® seals with Aluminum and Silver outer jackets. The seals were compressed in test-flanges and for artificial ageing the complete flange systems were stored in an oven for several month at a high temperature. After this ageing procedure the flanges were opened completely, the seals were moved a little to vary the contact area, and the flanges were compressed again. During the compression and decompression tests after the aging, load-deformation characteristics of the seals, and leakage rates were measured.
With these tests a load situation was simulated, which can occur in the regulatory drop test of the cask: Under high impact loads the bolted lid can lift a little for a short moment, allowing a little movement of the seal, so that the contact area can change before compressing again.
Details about test conditions and first results will be presented in the poster.
T2 - RAMTrans 2024, 12th Internatiopnal Conference on the Transport , Storage and Disposal of Radioactive Materials
CY - London, UK
DA - 15.05.2024
KW - Seals
KW - Ageing
KW - Radioaktiv
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60112
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald
A1 - Lohrke, Heiko
T1 - Robotic Scanning Absorption Spectroscopy for Methane Leak Detection: The Virtual Gas Camera
N2 - This paper explores combining a gimbal-mounted tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensor and a video camera to create a virtual gas camera for methane leak detection. This provides a low-to-zero-cost extension of typical TDLAS gas tomography systems. A prototype setup mounted on a ground robot is evaluated. Results acquired using a simulated methane leak show the feasibility of the virtual gas camera, accurately detecting methane leaks by overlaying concentrations onto a visual image. While the acquisition time is significantly longer than for traditional gas cameras, potential enhancements are discussed. The study concludes that the virtual gas camera is feasible and useful, despite its longer acquisition time. It serves as a valuable software-only addition to typical TDLAS gas tomography systems, offering quickly-available on-site data augmentation for visual leak assessment at low-to-zero cost.
T2 - 20th International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose
CY - Grapevine, Texas, USA
DA - 12.05.2024
KW - Mobile Robotic Olfaction
KW - TDLAS
KW - Gas Tomography
KW - Gas Camera
KW - Plume
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60110
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Hüllmann, Dino
A1 - Winkler, Nicolas P.
A1 - Lohrke, Heiko
A1 - Lilienthal, A. J.
T1 - Outdoor Gas Plume Reconstructions: A Field Study with Aerial Tomography
N2 - This paper outlines significant advancements in our previously developed aerial gas tomography system, now optimized to reconstruct 2D tomographic slices of gas plumes with enhanced precision in outdoor environments. The core of our system is an aerial robot equipped with a custom-built 3-axis aerial gimbal, a Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensor for CH4 measurements, a laser rangefinder, and a wide-angle camera, combined with a state-of-the-art gas tomography algorithm. In real-world experiments, we sent the aerial robot along gate-shaped flight patterns over a semi-controlled environment with a static-like gas plume, providing a welldefined ground truth for system evaluation. The reconstructed cross-sectional 2D images closely matched the known ground truth concentration, confirming the system’s high accuracy and reliability. The demonstrated system’s capabilities open doors for potential applications in environmental monitoring and industrial safety, though further testing is planned to ascertain the system’s operational boundaries fully.
T2 - 20th International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose
CY - Grapevine, Texas, USA
DA - 12.05.2024
KW - Aerial Robot
KW - TDLAS
KW - Gas Tomography
KW - Plume
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60108
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Winkler, Nicolas P.
A1 - Neumann, Patrick P.
A1 - Schaffernicht, Erik
A1 - Lilienthal, Achim J.
T1 - Gas Distribution Mapping With Radius-Based, Bi-directional Graph Neural Networks (RABI-GNN)
N2 - Gas Distribution Mapping (GDM) is essential in monitoring hazardous environments, where uneven sampling and spatial sparsity of data present significant challenges. Traditional methods for GDM often fall short in accuracy and expressiveness. Modern learning-based approaches employing Convolutional
Neural Networks (CNNs) require regular-sized input data, limiting their adaptability to irregular and sparse datasets typically encountered in GDM. This study addresses these shortcomings by showcasing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for learningbased GDM on irregular and spatially sparse sensor data. Our Radius-Based, Bi-Directionally connected GNN (RABI-GNN) was trained on a synthetic gas distribution dataset on which it outperforms our previous CNN-based model while overcoming its constraints. We demonstrate the flexibility of RABI-GNN by applying it to real-world data obtained in an industrial steel factory, highlighting promising opportunities for more accurate GDM models.
T2 - International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN)
CY - Grapevine, TX, USA
DA - 12.05.2024
KW - Gas distribution mapping
KW - Spatial interpolation
KW - Graph neural networks
KW - Mobile robot olfaction
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60106
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Gleim, Tobias
A1 - Wille, Frank
A1 - Feldkamp, Martin
A1 - Quercetti, Thomas
A1 - Musloff, André
A1 - Werner, Jan
T1 - Enhancement of Fire Test Stand Performance at Test Site of BAM: Installation and Evaluation of an Augmented System with a Fire Reference Package
N2 - Packages for the transport of radioactive material are designed to en-dure severe accidents. Packages for the transportation of radioactive material must demonstrate that the package can withstand certain prescribed tests from the IAEA Regulations [1]. In addition to mechanical tests, a thermal test in form of a fire test must be carried out. As packages to be tested at BAM are signifi-cantly larger than previous package designs, BAM has expanded an existing fire test stand. A modular concept is chosen, which means that the arrangement of the burner nozzles can be adapted to the test specimen. The dimensions of the burner rings, the type, the orientation and the number of burner nozzles can be varied depending on the test specimen. In addition, various pumps can be used to set the corresponding mass flow. With the help of a calorimeter test, the fire test stand can be qualified for a specific size of packages regarding the boundary conditions of the IAEA Regulations [1]. Due to the typically wood filled impact limiters in German package designs, a fire test is necessary, as experiments have shown that possible openings that occurred during a mechanical test contributed to the igni-tion of the wood filled impact limiters within the prescribed 30 minutes of the IAEA Regulations [1]. From a series of experiments, two experiments are pre-sented to show the possibilities to obtain different temperatures and temperature rates in the test specimen. In addition to sensor data, the heat flux into the package is calculated to verify that the IAEA boundary conditions are satisfied. In addition to the temperature data, other data such as wind speed and wind direction are also recorded to explain subsequent effects in the measurement data in a comprehen-sible manner.
T2 - Wood & Fire Safety 2024
CY - Štrbské Pleso, Slovakia
DA - 13.05.2024
KW - Fire Test Stand
KW - Accident Scenario
KW - Fire Qualification
KW - IAEA Regu-lations
PY - 2024
UR - https://link.springer.com/book/9783031591761
AN - OPUS4-60104
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schilling, Markus
A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd
A1 - Schaarschmidt, J.
A1 - von Hartrott, P.
A1 - Bruns, M.
A1 - Birkholz, H.
A1 - Waitelonis, J.
A1 - Hickel, Tilmann
T1 - Seamless Science with the Platform MaterialDigital (PMD): Demonstration of Semantic Data Integration as Good Practices
N2 - Following the new paradigm of materials development, design, and optimization, digitalization is the main goal in materials sciences and engineering (MSE) which imposes a huge challenge. In this respect, the quality assurance of processes and output data as well as the interoperability between applications following FAIR principles are to be ensured. For storage, processing, and querying of data in contextualized form, Semantic Web technologies (SWT) are used since they allow for machine-actionable and human-readable knowledge representations needed for data management, retrieval, and (re)use.
The project ‘platform MaterialDigital’ (PMD) aims to bring together and support interested parties from both industrial and academic sectors in a sustainable manner in solving digitalization tasks and implementing digital solutions. Therefore, the establishment of a virtual material data space and the systematization of the handling of hierarchical, process-dependent material data are focused. Core points to be dealt with are the development of agreements on data structures and interfaces implemented in distinct software tools and to offer users specific support in their projects. Furthermore, the platform contributes to a standardized description of data processing methods in materials research. In this respect, selected MSE methods are semantically represented on a prototypical basis which are supposed to serve as best practice examples with respect to knowledge representation and the creation of knowledge graphs used for material data.
Accordingly, this poster presentation illustrates demonstrators developed and deployed within the PMD project. Semantically anchored using the mid-level PMD Core Ontology (PMDco), they address data transformation leading to a novel data management which is based on semantic integrated data. The PMD data acquisition pipeline (DAP), which is fueled by traditional, diverse data formats, and a pipeline applying an electronic laboratory notebook (ELN) as data source are displayed. Additionally, the efficient combination of diverse datasets originating from different sources is demonstrated by the representation of a use case dealing with the well-known Orowan relation.
T2 - 9. Dresdner Werkstoffsymposium
CY - Dresden, Germany
DA - 16.05.2024
KW - Semantic Data
KW - Data Integration
KW - Plattform MaterialDigital
KW - Demonstrators
KW - Electronic Lab Notebook
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60102
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Altmann, Korinna
T1 - Reference material BAM-P206 polyethylene terephthalate (powder)
N2 - This report contains detailed information on the preparation of the reference material as well as on homogeneity and stability investigations of the property of interest, the equivalent particle diameter, and on the analytical methods to determine the additional properties. The values for particle size distribution are based on the results from laser diffraction measurements of 3 different devices with at least 3 replicate measurements of 4 randomly chosen units of the reference material P206.
KW - Microplastic
KW - Reference material
KW - PET
PY - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.26272/opus4-59778
SP - 1
EP - 23
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-59778
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
T1 - Ongoing VAMAS ILC s on Nanoparticles and Graphene Oxide
N2 - This contributions shows the first results of the ongoing interlaboratory comparisons under VAMAS/TWA 34 Nanoparticle populations related on the determination of pasrticle size distribution and relative concentration of nanoparticles and an example of an ILC running under VAMAS/TWA 41 Graphene and Related 2D Materials on the determination of the lateral diemsnions of graphene oxide flakes by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The link to related standardisation projects at ISO/TC Nanotechnologies are explained.
T2 - Webinar Building the Foundation: Interlaboratory Comparisons and Reference Products for Advanced Materials
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 16.05.2024
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - VAMAS
KW - Interlaboratory comparison
KW - Standardisation
KW - Electron microscopy
KW - AFM
KW - SAXS
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60097
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
T1 - About Interlaboratory Comparisons (ILCs) and VAMAS
N2 - Advanced materials, such as nanomaterials, 2D materials, or thin films, play a crucial role in driving economic development and addressing major challenges in the coming years. These challenges include mitigating the impact of climate change, advancing lightweight engineering, enhancing catalysis, and improving medical applications.
To comprehend the performance of these materials and ensure their acceptance across various sectors as safe and sustainable for both humans and the environment, the availability of reference procedures, materials, and data is essential. One versatile tool for establishing such references and evaluating the proficiency of individual laboratories and their competencies is through (international) interlaboratory comparisons (ILC). Notably, initiatives like the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) provide a platform for conducting ILCs.
This webinar will showcase various examples of interlaboratory comparisons, illustrating their impact on the development of reference products.
T2 - Webinar Building the Foundation: Interlaboratory Comparisons and Reference Products for Advanced Materials
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 16.05.2024
KW - Interlaboratory comparison
KW - Reference products
KW - VAMAS
KW - Standardisation
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60096
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Dudek, Gabriele
A1 - Denkler, Tilman
T1 - Digital Product Passport (DPP) and possible consequences for classification
N2 - The presentation provides an overview of the current European initiatives to introduce the Digital Product Passport (DPP). Starting from the political background, reference is made to the implementation in various European directives. According to current considerations, explosives and pyrotechnics are not excluded from this. The introduction of the DPP system requires the development of a solid basis of relevant standards, which are now being developed. The aim of BAM's efforts will be to digitally align the classification processes with a view to these developments.
T2 - International Group of experts on the explosion risks of Unstable Substances (IGUS)- Joint Meeting CIE/IGUS-EPP
CY - Manchester, GB
DA - 28.04.2024
KW - Feuerwerk
KW - Pyrotechnik
KW - Lagergruppenzuordnung
KW - Transportklassifizierung
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60093
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Neumann, Martin
A1 - Feldkamp, Martin
A1 - Linnemann, Konrad
A1 - Wille, Frank
T1 - Transport of HLW canisters on sea vessels
N2 - Germany had been transporting spent fuel to the reprocessing plant in Sellafield and La Hague for decades until around 2005. Resulting from the obligation to take back the vitrified high-level waste from reprocessing six CASTOR® HAW28M filled with 168 canisters with radioactive waste in vitrified form were transported from Sellafield to the interim storage facility Biblis in 2020. Rail wagons were used for the transport to the port in Barrow-in-Furness, where they were loaded into a dedicated seagoing vessel, certified as INF Class 3 according to the INF Code. This was the first time that vitrified high level waste with considerable heat load was transported under a German design approval certificate.
BAM was involved in the authority assessment of the conditions for the sea transport. For the first transport BAM required among others, assessment of temperature distribution during transport, logging of temperatures of cargo bays and graphical imaging of temperatures of the bay with the cask in order to ensure compliance with temperature specifications, e.g. maximal neutron absorber and gasket temperatures. Special interest was taken in the identification of possible events exceeding the specified temperatures considering the different philosophies of IMDG code and its supplement INF code regarding temperature control of hatches. Results show compliance with assumed conditions.
T2 - RAMTrans 2024
CY - London, GB
DA - 14.05.2024
KW - Transport
KW - Spent nuclear fuel
KW - Ship
KW - Sea
KW - High level waste
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60091
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Wojciak, K.
A1 - Tokarski, T.
A1 - Cios, G.
A1 - Nolze, Gert
T1 - Precision and accuracy during standard-less mapping of local lattice distortions using ebsd and calm technique
N2 - Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) is a very versatile analytical technique allowing for the characterization of material structure. Historically, diffraction images (Kikuchi patterns) registered during EBSD analysis were solved using Hough/Radon transformation. The last decade brought several novel techniques of experimental pattern analysis, focusing entirely on image analysis routines such as pattern matching, or various variants of High-Resolution EBSD. However, all the above-mentioned techniques require prior knowledge of the material structure to perform orientation analysis. The recently presented algorithm employed in Crystallographic Analysis of Lattice Metric (CALM) software, effectively removes this limitation enabling a standard-less analytical approach in EBSD systems. At its core, the CALM technique couples accurate detection of the Kikuchi bands position, with a rigid construction of reciprocal lattice resulting from translational crystal symmetry. A unique characteristic of the methodology also gives an opportunity for application in the analysis of continuous lattice changes, for example tetragonality mapping. During mapping, however, the geometry of the gnomonic projection (represented by the projection center) is continuously altered decreasing overall algorithm efficiency. The work presents an analysis of the projection center in terms of precision and accuracy.
T2 - Oxford User Meeting 2024
CY - Krakow, Poland
DA - 14.05.2024
KW - EBSD
KW - Kikuchi
KW - Lattice parameters
KW - Ratio refinement
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60087
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana
T1 - A Tribute to Harald –Lignin as biobased polymer-Trends and analytical issues
N2 - The presentation includes aspects of material design and characterization with a focus on lignin. Examples are the structural elucidation of lignosulfonates by means of two-dimensional chromatography, the mechanochemical degradation and functionalization of Kraft-Lignin with accompanying analytics. Future projects involving the incorporation of lignin into polymers will be presented.
T2 - Farewell Symposium for Prof. Harald Pasch; Polymer Analysis: Advancements in Characterization and Quantification
CY - Teltow, Germany
DA - 18.03.2024
KW - Lignin
KW - Biobased polymers
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60003
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schlögl, Johanna
A1 - Goldammer, Ole
A1 - Bader, Julia
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Riedel, Sebastian
T1 - Introducing AFS ([Al(SO3F)3]x) – a thermally stable, readily available, and catalytically active solid Lewis superacid
N2 - This paper introduces the thermally stable, solid Lewis superacid aluminium tris(fluorosulfate) (AFS), that is easy-to-synthesize from commercially available starting materials. Its applicability, e.g. in catalytic C–F bond activations, is shown.
KW - Lewis Acid
KW - C-F activation
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601001
SN - 2041-6520
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-60100
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Fontanges, Richard
T1 - A new deep-learning AI tool for analysing images of complex nanoparticles
N2 - A thousand times thinner than a human hair, nanoparticles (NPs) are finding applications in a range of modern products. However, as some can affect human health or the environment, knowing the types present is essential. Electron microscopy is the ‘gold standard’ for NP analysis, allowing identification based on manual size analysis, but a new method was required to analyse these particles quickly, accurately and in a consistent way.
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Imaging
KW - AI tool
KW - Particle size and shape distribution
PY - 2024
UR - https://www.euramet.org/casestudies/casestudiesdetails/news/a-new-deep-learning-ai-tool-for-analysing-images-of-complex-nanoparticles
SP - 1
EP - 2
PB - EURAMET
CY - Braunschweig
AN - OPUS4-60095
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fiedler, Saskia
A1 - Frenzel, Florian
A1 - Würth, Christian
A1 - Tavernaro, Isabella
A1 - Grüne, M.
A1 - Schweizer, S.
A1 - Engel, A.
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
T1 - Interlaboratory Comparison on Absolute Photoluminescence Quantum Yield Measurements of Solid Light Converting Phosphors with Three Commercial Integrating Sphere Setups
N2 - Scattering luminescent materials dispersed in liquid and solid matrices and luminescent powders are increasingly relevant for fundamental research and industry. Examples are luminescent nano- and microparticles and phosphors of different compositions in various matrices or incorporated into ceramics with applications in energy conversion, solid-state lighting, medical diagnostics, and security barcoding. The key parameter to characterize the performance of these materials is the photoluminescence/fluorescence quantum yield (Φf), i.e., the number of emitted photons per number of absorbed photons. To identify and quantify the sources of uncertainty of absolute measurements of Φf of scattering samples, the first interlaboratory comparison (ILC) of three laboratories from academia and industry was performed by following identical measurement protocols. Thereby, two types ofcommercial stand-alone integrating sphere setups with different illumination and detection geometries were utilized for measuring the Φf of transparent and scattering dye solutions and solid phosphors, namely, YAG:Ce optoceramics of varying surface roughness, used as converter materials for blue light emitting diodes. Special emphasis was dedicated to the influence of the measurement geometry, the optical properties of the blank utilized to determine the number of photons of the incident excitation light absorbed by the sample, and the sample-specific surface roughness. While the Φf values of the liquid samples matched between instruments, Φf measurements of the optoceramics with different blanks revealed substantial differences. The ILC results underline the importance of the measurement geometry, sample position, and blank for reliable Φf data of scattering the YAG:Ce optoceramics, with the blank’s optical properties accounting for uncertainties exceeding 20%.
KW - Nano
KW - Fluorescence
KW - Reference material
KW - Luminescence
KW - Quantitative spectroscopy
KW - Particle
KW - Quantum yield
KW - Quality assurance
KW - Phosphor
KW - Converter material
KW - Lifetime
KW - Interlaboratory comparison
KW - Method
KW - Uncertainty
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600945
SN - 0003-2700
SP - 6730
EP - 6737
PB - ACS Publications
AN - OPUS4-60094
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Neumann, Martin
A1 - Feldkamp, Martin
A1 - Linnemann, Konrad
A1 - Wille, Frank
T1 - Transport of HLW canisters on sea vessels
N2 - Germany had been transporting spent fuel to the reprocessing plant in Sellafield and La Hague for decades until around 2005. Resulting from the obligation to take back the vitrified high-level waste from reprocessing six CASTOR® HAW28M filled with 168 canisters with radioactive waste in vitrified form were transported from Sellafield to the interim storage facility Biblis in 2020. Rail wagons were used for the transport to the port in Barrow-in-Furness, where they were loaded into a dedicated seagoing vessel, certified as INF Class 3 according to the INF Code. This was the first time that vitrified high level waste with considerable heat load was transported under a German design approval certificate.
BAM was involved in the authority assessment of the conditions for the sea transport. For the first transport BAM required among others, assessment of temperature distribution during transport, logging of temperatures of cargo bays and graphical imaging of temperatures of the bay with the cask in order to ensure compliance with temperature specifications, e.g. maximal neutron absorber and gasket temperatures. Special interest was taken in the identification of possible events exceeding the specified temperatures considering the different philosophies of IMDG code and its supplement INF code regarding temperature control of hatches. Results show compliance with assumed conditions.
T2 - RAMTrans 2024
CY - London, United Kingdom
DA - 14.05.2024
KW - Transport
KW - Spent nuclear fuel
KW - Ship
KW - Sea
KW - High level waste
PY - 2024
SP - 1
EP - 8
AN - OPUS4-60092
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hartwig, Philipp
A1 - Bakir, Nasim
A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey
A1 - Scheunemann, Lisa
A1 - Schröder, Jörg
A1 - Rethmeier, Michael
T1 - A Physically Motivated Heat Source Model for Laser Beam Welding
N2 - In this contribution, we present a physically motivated heat source model for the numerical modeling of laser beam welding processes. Since the calibration of existing heat source models, such as the conic or Goldak model, is difficult, the representation of the heat source using so-called Lamé curves has been established, relying on prior Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations.
Lamé curves, which describe the melting isotherm, are used in a subsequent finite-element (FE) simulation to define a moving Dirichlet boundary condition, which prescribes a constant temperature in the melt pool. As an alternative to this approach, we developed a physically motivated heat source model, which prescribes the heat input as a body load directly. The new model also relies on prior CFD simulations to identify the melting isotherm. We demonstrate numerical results of the new heat source model on boundary-value problems from the field of laser beam welding and compare it with the prior CFD simulation and the results of the Lamé curve model and experimental data.
KW - Welding simulation
KW - Heat source models
KW - Laser beam welding
KW - Thermal analysis
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600899
VL - 14
IS - 4
SP - 1
EP - 26
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-60089
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Maulas, Kryzzyl M.
A1 - Paredes, Charla S.
A1 - Tabelin, Carlito Baltazar
A1 - Jose, Mark Anthony
A1 - Opiso, Einstine M.
A1 - Arima, Takahiko
A1 - Park, Ilhwan
A1 - Mufalo, Walubita
A1 - Ito, Mayumi
A1 - Igarashi, Toshifumi
A1 - Phengsaart, Theerayut
A1 - Villas, Edrhea
A1 - Dagondon, Sheila L.
A1 - Metillo, Ephrime B.
A1 - Uy, Mylene M.
A1 - Manua, Al James A.
A1 - Villacorte-Tabelin, Mylah
T1 - Isolation and Characterization of Indigenous Ureolytic Bacteria from Mindanao, Philippines: Prospects for Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP)
N2 - Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), a widespread phenomenon in nature, is gaining attention as a low-carbon alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in geotechnical engineering and the construction industry for sustainable development. In the Philippines, however, very few works have been conducted to isolate and identify indigenous, urease-producing (ureolytic) bacteria suitable for MICP. In this study, we isolated seven, ureolytic and potentially useful bacteria for MICP from marine sediments in Iligan City. DNA barcoding using 16s rDNA identified six of them as Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Bacillus paralicheniformis, Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus aryabhattai, and Stutzerimonas stutzeri but the seventh was not identified since it was a bacterial consortium. Bio-cementation assay experiments showed negligible precipitation in the control (without bacteria) at pH 7, 8, and 9. However, precipitates were formed in all seven bacterial isolates, especially between pH 7 and 8 (0.7–4 g). Among the six identified bacterial species, more extensive precipitation (2.3–4 g) and higher final pH were observed in S. stutzeri, and B. aryabhattai, which indicate better urease production and decomposition, higher CO2 generation, and more favorable CaCO3 formation. Characterization of the precipitates by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) confirmed the formation of three carbonate minerals: calcite, aragonite, and vaterite. Based on these results, all six identified indigenous, ureolytic bacterial species from Iligan City are suitable for MICP provided that the pH is controlled between 7 and 8. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the urease-producing ability and potential for MICP of P. stutzeri, P. pseudoalcaligenes, S. stutzeri, and B. aryabhattai.
KW - Calcium carbonate
KW - Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)
KW - Ureolytic bacteria
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600888
VL - 14
IS - 4
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-60088
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Jansen, D.
A1 - Bald, S.
A1 - Birbaum, J.
A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan
A1 - Krause, J.
A1 - Maack, Stefan
A1 - Pichottka, S.
A1 - Scherkenbach, M.
A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph
A1 - Villaret, K.
A1 - Wöllenstein, J.
T1 - Sensors for the structural assessment of roads
N2 - This working paper summarises the current state of knowledge and research on the application of sensors in road pavements, designed to record input quantities and characteristics for structural assessment. In this working paper, sensors generally refer to technical equipment that can used to record the values of physical quantities and display them for interpretation.
The working paper deals with every type of sensor that is permanently connected to the road, i.e. sensors that are installed – in the bound and unbound courses of the superstructure as well as in the sub-base/sub-structure, – next to or above the road (for example on masts) and can contribute to structural recording and its subsequent assessment. This can also include sensors that are primarily used for a different purpose (e.g. traffic control). However, this working paper only describes the application of sensors that are installed primarily for other purposes for the sake of completeness; special publications (e.g. Notes on detection technologies in road traffic) are available for the respective installation situations.
KW - Asphalt
KW - Concrete
KW - Measurement chain
KW - Sensor technology
KW - Condition assessment
PY - 2024
SP - 1
EP - 36
PB - Forschungsgemeinschaft für Straßen- und Verkehrswesen e.V.
CY - Köln
AN - OPUS4-60084
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kingsbery, P.
A1 - Manzoni, Anna M.
A1 - Suarez Ocaño, Patricia
A1 - Többens, D. M.
A1 - Stephan‐Scherb, C.
T1 - High‐temperature KCl‐induced corrosion of high Cr and Ni alloys investigated by in‐situ diffraction
N2 - High‐temperature KCl‐induced corrosion in laboratory air was observed in situ utilizing X‐ray diffraction. High Cr‐containing model alloys (Fe‐13Cr, Fe‐18Cr‐12Ni, and Fe‐25Cr‐20Ni) were coated with KCl and exposed to dry air at 560°C. KCl‐free alloys were studied in the equivalent atmosphere as a reference. After exposure to KCl‐free environments, all alloys showed the formation of very thin oxide layers, indicating good corrosion resistance. In contrast, KCl‐bearing alloys showed distinct damage after exposure.
KW - Corrosion
KW - In-situ diffraction
KW - High-temperature corrosion
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600831
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag
AN - OPUS4-60083
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Li, Z.
A1 - Raab, A.
A1 - Kolmangadi, Mohamed Aejaz
A1 - Busch, M.
A1 - Grunwald, M.
A1 - Demel, F.
A1 - Bertram, F.
A1 - Kityk, A. V.
A1 - Schönhals, Andreas
A1 - Laschat, S.
A1 - Huber, P.
T1 - Self-Assembly of Ionic Superdiscs in Nanopores
N2 - Discotic ionic liquid crystals (DILCs) consist of self-assembled superdiscs of cations and anions that spontaneously stack in linear columns with high one-dimensional ionic and electronic charge mobility, making them prominent model systems for functional soft matter. Compared to classical nonionic discotic liquid crystals, many liquid crystalline structures with a combination of electronic and ionic conductivity have been reported, which are of interest for separation membranes, artificial ion/proton conducting membranes, and optoelectronics. Unfortunately, a homogeneous alignment of the DILCs on the macroscale is often not achievable, which significantly limits the applicability of DILCs. Infiltration into nanoporous solid scaffolds can, in principle, overcome this drawback. However, due to the experimental challenges to scrutinize liquid crystalline order in extreme spatial confinement, little is known about the structures of DILCs in nanopores. Here, we present temperaturedependent high-resolution optical birefringence measurement and 3D reciprocal space mapping based on synchrotron X-ray scattering to investigate the thermotropic phase behavior of dopamine-based ionic liquid crystals confined in cylindrical channels of 180 nm diameter in macroscopic anodic aluminum oxide membranes. As a function of the membranes’ hydrophilicity and thus the molecular anchoring to the pore walls (edge-on or face-on) and the variation of the hydrophilic−hydrophobic balance between the aromatic cores and the alkyl side chain motifs of the superdiscs by tailored chemical synthesis, we find a particularly rich phase behavior, which is not present in the bulk state. It is governed by a complex interplay of liquid crystalline elastic energies (bending and splay deformations), polar interactions, and pure geometric confinement and includes textural transitions between radial and axial alignment of the columns with respect to the long nanochannel axis. Furthermore, confinement-induced continuous order formation is observed in contrast to discontinuous first-order phase transitions, which can be quantitatively described by Landau-de Gennes free energy models for liquid crystalline order transitions in confinement. Our observations suggest that the infiltration of DILCs into nanoporous solids allows tailoring their nanoscale texture and ion channel formation and thus their electrical and optical functionalities over an even wider range than in the bulk state in a homogeneous manner on the centimeter scale as controlled by the monolithic nanoporous scaffolds.
KW - Ionic Liquid Crystals
KW - Nanopropous materials
KW - Landau de-Gennes analysis
KW - X-ray scattering
KW - Optical birefringence
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600797
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - ACS
AN - OPUS4-60079
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico
A1 - Bernardy, Christopher
T1 - Aufbau eines Großversuchsstandes sowie Realisierung von Brandversuchen mit elektrischen Energiespeichern im Bereich bis 500 kWh - Schlussbericht zum Teilvorhaben BAM, Teil I: Kurzbericht
N2 - Der Abschlussbericht stellt die wesentlichen Arbeitsschritte und Ergebnisse des Teilvorhabens der BAM im BMBF-Vorhaben SEE-2L vor. Im Rahmen dieses Vorhabens wurde auf dem Testgelände Technische Sicherheit (BAM TTS) ein Großversuchsstand für das thermische Durchgehen von Lithium-Batterien auf Modul- und Batterieebene entwickelt und aufgebaut. Im Zuge des Projektes konnte eine erste Versuchsserie zu den Auswirkungen des thermischen Durchgehens von Batteriemodulen durchgeführt werden. Der Abschlussbericht umfasst zwei Teile, im Teil I den Kurzbricht und im Teil II die eingehende Darstellung.
KW - Thermisches Durchgehen
KW - Auswirkungsbetrachtungen
KW - Elektrische Energiespeicher
KW - Stationäre Energiespeicher
KW - Lithium-Ionen-Batterie
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600676
N1 - Das Projekt SEE-2L ist ein drittmittelfinanziertes Verbundvorhaben des BMBF, Förderkennzeichen 13N15493, Projektlaufzeit 01.02.2021 - 30.04.2023.
SP - 1
EP - 20
PB - Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)
CY - Hannover
AN - OPUS4-60067
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Villani, P.
A1 - Unger, Jörg F.
A1 - Weiser, M.
T1 - Adaptive Gaussian Process Regression for Bayesian inverse problems
N2 - We introduce a novel adaptive Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) methodology for efficient construction of surrogate models for Bayesian inverse problems with expensive forward model evaluations. An adaptive design strategy focuses on optimizing both the positioning and simulation accuracy of training data in order to reduce the computational cost of simulating training data without compromising the fidelity of the posterior distributions of parameters. The method interleaves a goal-oriented active learning algorithm selecting evaluation points and tolerances based on the expected impact on the Kullback-Leibler divergence of surrogated and true posterior with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling of the posterior. The performance benefit of the adaptive approach is demonstrated for two simple test problems.
T2 - ALGORITMY 2024 Central-European Conference on Scientific Computing
CY - High Tatra Mountains, Slovakia
DA - 15.03.2024
KW - Active learning
KW - Bayesian inverse problems
KW - Gaussian Process Regression (GPR)
KW - Parameter identification
KW - Surrogate models
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600408
SN - 2331-8422
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Cornell University
CY - Ithaca, NY
AN - OPUS4-60040
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Tokarski, T.
A1 - Nolze, Gert
T1 - Exploring Unconventional Uses of Kikuchi Pattern Analysis
N2 - The characterization of really unknown phases typically uses 70 to 150 reflectors for lattice metric calculation. The determination of the lattice parameters follows with 4% accuracy. Including a Z correction up to 1% can be reached. The precision of the lattice parameters ratios (a:b:c) is, however, better than 0.1%.
T2 - Oxford Users Meeting 2024
CY - Krakow, Poland
DA - 14.05.2024
KW - EBSD
KW - Kikuchi
KW - Lattice parameters
KW - Ratio refinement
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60086
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Altmann, Korinna
A1 - Ciornii, Dmitri
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
T1 - Validation of microplastics detection methods and proficiency testing: Suitable microplastic reference materials for interlaboratory comparison
N2 - The talk summarizes challenges in microplastic analysis. It shows the preparation of microplastic reference materials as well as the testing on homogeneity and stability. The reference material is used in an international laboratory comparison to compare different detection methods used for microplastic analysis. The methods used were µ-IR (FTIR+LDIR) for number-based methods and TED-GC/MS and Py-GC/MS for mass-based methods. The ILC was done under the umbrella of VAMAS TWA 45. Results of the participants are presented.
T2 - BAM Akademie
CY - Online meeting
DA - 16.05.2024
KW - Microplastics
KW - Reference materials
KW - ILC
KW - Microplastics detection
KW - TED-GC/MS
KW - Polymer 3R
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60085
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schartel, Bernhard
T1 - More than the sum of its parts – synergistic FR-combinations
N2 - Efficient flame retardancy is often achieved only when applying synergistic multicomponent systems. Flame retardants are combined or used together with adjuvants or synergists to enhance their efficiency, reduce the amount required, or reduce the costs; fibers and fillers contribute to fire properties crucially. Although the main flame-retardant modes of action are known, the detailed scientific understanding usually falls short, when it comes to complex synergistic multicomponent systems, the important tiny optimizations, or quantifying in terms of specific fire properties. This paper tries to illuminate the concept of synergistic flame retardants. The need for the multicomponent approach and the main phenomena are described. Thought-provoking impulses are delivered on how the understanding of multicomponent systems promotes the evidence-based development of future flame retardant polymeric materials. Multicomponent systems are discussed in their capacity as general powerful strategy for achieving and optimizing flame retardant polymeric materials.
This paper is based mainly on the overall conclusions and concrete results of several projects performed in the group of the author. Thanks to my (former) students and co-operation partners in these projects. Thanks for financing to DFG (Scha 730/8-1 Scha 730/8-2, Br 3376/1-1, Scha 730/19-1), AiF IGF (438 ZN, 17833N/2, 19078 N/2), and BMBF (03X0111C, 01DN16040).
T2 - Fire & Polymers
CY - New Orleans, LA, US
DA - 12.05.2024
KW - Flame retardants
KW - Synergy
KW - Composites
KW - Adjuvants
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60082
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schmitt, M.
A1 - Casperson, Ralf
A1 - Baensch, F.
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Nationale, europäische und internationale Normung in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung
N2 - Normung und Standardisierung in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung finden auf nationaler, europäischer und internationaler Ebene statt. Die Übernahme von Leitungsfunktionen in diesen Gremien erzeugt die Möglichkeit der Steuerung von Themen und Inhalte der relevanten Normen. Das persönliche Engagement der Fachexpert*innen in den nationalen Gremien und den europäischen und internationalen Arbeitsgruppen ist ein zusätzlicher Faktor für die inhaltliche Korrektheit und die erwünschte inhaltliche Ausrichtung der Norm. Denn wer nicht normt wird genormt und muss letztlich Regeln verwenden, die andere entsprechend ihrer eigenen Interessen gestalten. Voraussetzung für die Teilnahme in europäischen und internationalen Normungsgremien ist die Mitwirkung in den entsprechenden DIN-Spiegelgremien, welche die europäischen (CEN) und internationalen (ISO) Aktivitäten spiegeln und die Fachexperten für die Mitarbeit autorisieren. Auf internationaler Ebene findet die Normungsarbeit in den technischen Komitees ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” und ISO/TC 44/SC 5 “Testing and inspection of welds” und ihren Arbeitsgruppen statt. Das europäische Pendant ist das CEN/TC 138 “Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren” mit seinen Arbeitsgremien. Die DIN-Spiegelgremien sind für die deutsche Mitarbeit in diesen Gremien und die inhaltliche Bewertung der Norm-Entwürfe zuständig.
T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2024
CY - Osnabrück, Germany
DA - 05.05.2024
KW - Normung
KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60073
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Zocca, Andrea
A1 - Mühler, T.
A1 - Günster, Jens
T1 - LSD-print: a 10-years journey of an additive manufacturing technology from porcelain to technical ceramics
N2 - Motivated by the aim of developing an additive manufacturing (AM) technology easily integrated in the process chains of the ceramic industry, the LSD-print technology was conceived as a slurry-based variation of binder jetting (BJ).
BJ and other powder bed technologies (such as powder bed fusion) are amongst the most successful AM techniques, especially for metals and polymers, thanks to their high productivity and scalability. The possibility to use commercially available feedstocks (in the form of powders or granules) makes BJ also attractive for ceramic materials. The application of these techniques to most advanced ceramics has however been difficult so far, because of the limitations in depositing homogeneous layers with fine, typically poorly flowable powders.
In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) was proposed at TU Clausthal (Germany) as a slurry-based deposition of ceramic layers by means of a doctor blade. Combined with layer-by-layer laser sintering of the material, the LSD process was originally demonstrated for the rapid prototyping of silicate ceramics. Due to the difficulties in controlling the microstructure and the defect formation in laser-sintered technical ceramics, the LSD process was later combined with inkjet printing in the LSD-print technology, which has been further developed at BAM (Germany) in the past decade.
The LSD-print technology combines the high speed of inkjet printing, typical of BJ, with the possibility of producing a variety of high-quality ceramics with properties comparable to those achieved by traditional processing. Due to the mechanical stability of the powder bed, the process can also be carried out with continuous layer deposition on a rotating platform, which further increases its productivity.
This presentation will delve into 10 years of research on the LSD-print of a wide variety of technical ceramics including alumina, silicon carbides and dental ceramics. The discussion highlights how a seemingly small process and feedstock modification (from powders to slurries) has great influence on the challenges and potential of this process, which are being addressed on its path to industrialization.
T2 - young Ceramists Additive Manufacturing Forum (yCAM) 2024
CY - Tampere, Finland
DA - 06.05.2024
KW - Additive Manufacturing
KW - Ceramic
KW - Layerwise slurry deposition
KW - Slurry
KW - LSD-print
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60056
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Silbernagl, Dorothee
A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina
A1 - Tavasolyzadeh, Zeynab
A1 - Sturm, Heinz
A1 - Topolniak, Ievgeniia
T1 - Interpenetrating networks with tuned thermal and mechanical properties
N2 - Multiphoton lithography (MPL), an emerging microfabrication technique, shows great potential in a variety of applications ranging from tissue engineering to soft micro-robotics. Fabricated micro-objects often are expected to undergo shape morphing or bending. Furthermore, ensuring precise property tuning becomes detrimental for the functionality of MPL microstructures. Herein, we present novel MPL materials based on interpenetrating networks (IPNs), which effectively combine the advantages of acrylate and epoxy thermoset systems. A library of 3D MPL IPN microstructures with high 3D structural stability and tailored thermal and micromechanical properties is achieved. MPL laser velocity and fabrication power can be used to tune the morphology and therefore properties of IPN. New IPN microstructures with materials Young's moduli of 4 to 6 MPa demonstrate susceptibility to deformation with high to fully elastic response. Such soft elastic materials hold immense promise within morphable microsystems, soft micro-robotics and cell engineering applications.
T2 - RSC Poster conference
CY - Online meeting
DA - 05.03.2024
KW - Multiphoton lithography
KW - Interpenetrating polymer networks
KW - AFM
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60060
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Zocca, Andrea
A1 - Mühler, T.
A1 - Günster, Jens
T1 - Continuous layer deposition for the Additive Manufacturing of ceramics by Layerwise Slurry Deposition (LSD-print)
N2 - Powder bed technologies are amongst the most successful Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques. The application of these techniques to most ceramics has been difficult so far, because of the challenges related to the deposition of homogeneous powder layers when using fine powders.
In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) has been developed as a layer deposition method enabling the use of powder bed AM technologies also for advanced ceramic materials. The layerwise slurry deposition consists of the layer-by-layer deposition of a ceramic slurry by means of a doctor blade, in which the slurry is deposited and dried to achieve a highly packed powder. Not only very fine, submicron powders can be processed with low organics, but also the dense powder bed provides excellent support to the parts built. The LSD technology can be combined with binder jetting to develop the so-called “LSD-print” process. LSD-print combines the high-speed printing of binder jetting with the possibility of producing a variety of high-quality ceramics with properties comparable to traditional processing.
The latest development of this technology shows that it is possible to print ceramic parts in a continuous process by depositing a layer onto a rotating platform, growing a powder bed following a spiral motion. The unique mechanical stability of the layers in LSD-print allows to grow a powder bed several centimeters thick without any lateral support. The continuous layer deposition allows to achieve a productivity more than 10X higher compared to the linear deposition, approaching a build volume of 1 liter/hour.
T2 - 3rd Global Conference and Exhibition on Smart Additive Manufacturing, Design & Evaluation Smart MADE
CY - Osaka, Japan
DA - 10.04.2024
KW - Additive Manufacturing
KW - Ceramic
KW - Layerwise slurry deposition
KW - LSD-print
KW - Slurry
KW - Binder jetting
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60055
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Ciornii, Dmitri
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Altmann, Korinna
T1 - Validation of microplastics detection methods and proficiency testing: Suitable microplastic reference materials for interlaboratory comparison
N2 - Since microplastics (MPs) can be found everywhere and are becoming a problem of high concern, it is necessary to understand their physico-chemical properties. To obtain reliable analytical data a set of validated methods for sampling, sample preparation, detection, and data evaluation are needed.
To meet these needs an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) with 84 participants worldwide has been organized under the international pre-standardisation platform VAMAS (www.vamas.org/twa45/) as Project 2 “Development of standardized methodologies for characterisation of microplastics with microscopy and spectroscopy methods” within the Technical Working Area TWA 45 “Micro and Nano Plastics in the Environment”. In this ILC thermo-analytical methods (Py-GC/MS and TED-GC/MS) and vibrational methods (µ-Raman and µ-FTIR) have been tested and compared by providing a set of microplastic representative test materials and measurement protocols developed at BAM. The defined measurands were: particle number concentration, particle size distribution (PSD), and polymer identity and mass content. To increase the statistical quality, 6 samples were shipped together with blank samples. Hence, the ILC provides information on precision and accuracy of the results obtained with different methods as well as strengths and limitations of the proposed protocols.
T2 - SETAC 34th Meeting
CY - Seville, Spain
DA - 05.05.2024
KW - ILC
KW - Microplastic
KW - Method validation
KW - Stakeholder
KW - Reference materials
KW - Polyethylene
KW - Polyethylene Terephtalate
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60039
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Unger, Jörg F.
A1 - Robens-Radermacher, Annika
A1 - Rosenbusch, Sjard
A1 - Diercks, Philipp
A1 - Andrés Arcones, Daniel
A1 - Saif-Ur-Rehman, Saif-Ur-Rehman
A1 - Wolf, Christoph
A1 - Strobl, Dominic
A1 - Jafari, Abbas
A1 - Tyagi, Divyansh
A1 - Schmahl, Maximilian
T1 - Complex constitutive models in standards
N2 - The development of standards that include simulation models is often based on heuristics that include experimental data that is used to calibrate and validate the simulation models. However, these data and the corresponding calibration procedures are usually not part of the publicly accessible documentation making it very difficult to identify gaps in the current standard or extend it to new innovative solutions. The poster shows an adapted procedure that integrates the complete process into a database and a workflow to be published alongside the standard.
T2 - NFDI4Ing Gesamtteamtreffen 2024
CY - Hannover, Germany
DA - 09.04.2024
KW - Complex constitutive models
KW - FAIR Implementation
KW - 3D-concrete printing
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60043
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
T1 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt, Band 1, Heft 1
T3 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt der BAM - 1/1970
PY - 1970
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600819
SN - 0340-7551
VL - 1
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 50
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-60081
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
T1 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt, Band 1, Heft 2
T3 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt der BAM - 2/1970
PY - 1970
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600806
SN - 0340-7551
VL - 1
IS - 2
SP - 1
EP - 50
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-60080
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Saber, Yassin
A1 - Zocca, Andrea
A1 - Günster, Jens
T1 - Fully automated and decentralized fused filament fabrication of ceramics for remote applications
N2 - Manufacturing of ceramic components in remote (i.e., geographically isolated) settings poses significant challenges where access to conventional manufacturing facilities is limited or non-existent. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) enables the rapid manufacturing of ceramic components with complex geometries. Parts formed by FFF require subsequent debinding and sintering to reach full density. Debinding and sintering are typically executed in separate steps with different equipment, necessitating extensive human handling which hinders process automation and may be challenging for the operator in isolated environments. This poster presents an innovative approach: the integration of all process steps into a single, fully automated system, streamlining the process and minimizing human involvement. Our system combines a dual extrusion filament printer with a porous and heat-resistant ceramic print bed. The porous print bed enables mechanical interlocking of the first printed layers, ensuring adhesion and structural integrity during FFF. Ceramic parts are printed onto thin sacrificial rafts, which are built using an interface material with the same binder as the ceramic filament. After the print is completed, the heat-resistant print bed with all parts is transferred seamlessly with a carrier system into a high-temperature furnace for debinding and sintering. During sintering the sacrificial raft is disintegrated, allowing for unconstrained sintering of the ceramic parts and easy removal of the finished parts. In conclusion, our integrated approach enables significant advancements in the fabrication of complex ceramic components in remote environments with increased efficiency and minimal human handling.
T2 - yCAM 2024
CY - Tampere, Finnland
DA - 06.05.2024
KW - Fused Filament Fabrication
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60057
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
T1 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt, Band 1, Heft 3
T3 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt der BAM - 3/1970
PY - 1970
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600784
SN - 0340-7551
VL - 1
IS - 3
SP - 1
EP - 50
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-60078
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Zocca, Andrea
A1 - Mühler, T.
A1 - Schubert, Hendrik
A1 - Günster, Jens
T1 - Water-based additive manufacturing of ceramics by Laser-Induced Slip Casting (LIS)
N2 - The Laser-Induced Slip Casting is an additive manufacturing technology specifically developed for ceramic materials using water-based ceramic slurries. The process takes place layer-by-layer in a similar fashion as top-down vat photopolymerization, selectively consolidating each layer by means of a laser energy source positioned on the top. Contrary to vat photopolymerization, in which the consolidation is achieved by selectively cross-linking a ceramic-filled resin, LIS uses water-based slurries with a low amount of organic additives (typically < 5 wt%) as feedstocks.
In LIS, a green body is formed by local evaporation of water which causes the suspension to collapse forming a cast, following a mechanism similar to slip casting. Only a small content of organic additives is needed to effectively disperse the ceramic particles and to increase the green strength.
The technology is very versatile and can be applied to all ceramic systems that can be dispersed in water. One of the main advantages is that even dark materials such as silicon carbide can be processed without issues related to light scattering and absorption.
The presentation will discuss strengths and limitations of LIS compared to other AM technologies and will highlight the latest results for alumina and for silicon carbide ceramics.
T2 - 48th International Conference and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC2024)
CY - Daytona, FL, USA
DA - 28.01.2024
KW - Additive Manufacturing
KW - Ceramic
KW - Water-based
KW - Slurry
KW - Laser
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60054
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
T1 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt, Band 1, Heft 4
T3 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt der BAM - 4/1970
PY - 1970
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600771
SN - 0340-7551
VL - 1
IS - 4
SP - 1
EP - 50
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-60077
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Seeber, Henrik
A1 - Grobert, Steffen
A1 - Krentel, Daniel
A1 - Kluge, Martin
A1 - Hauer, Thorsten
T1 - Investigation of intracorporeal shock wave propagation using a simplified torso model and a shock wave generator
N2 - Blast injuries are among the most common injuries in military operations. Also, in civilian environments, more explosive threats are expected in the future due to emerging conflicts and threats. While the effect of fragments, which is classified as secondary blast injury, could be minimized by police and military personnel’s modern ballistic body protection systems, the effects of shock wave propagation in the body as part of the primary explosion trauma still remain a serious threat needing further research.
The detonation-physical processes of highly dynamic pressure changes within the human body, the reflection-related amplification of shock waves at organ-dermis interfaces, and the consequences of injury mechanisms have become more prominent in international research. Various approaches have been used to investigate these aspects. Animal experiments on free field test sites or shock tube setups combined with a subsequent biological evaluation and numerical simulations provided promising results and allowed the discussion of different biomechanical aspects. However, due to poor reproducibility and a lack of short-term dynamic material properties, most research approaches have significant limitations. Laboratory test setups do not represent real-scale high explosive detonation parameters with regards to pressure characteristics, impulse duration and blockage problems. Measured values are interpreted with partly outdated, selective and not validated limit values for overpressures from field tests with animals. This is due to the lack of a validated and comprehensive data set covering a variation of the crucial parameter. Injury mechanisms and their effects have not yet been sufficiently elucidated for the torso and extremities.
In order to contribute to the research efforts on the primary explosion effects, the German Federal Armed Forces established an interdisciplinary military medical research project in cooperation of the Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin and the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). The aim of the planned investigation is the development of a multidisciplinary method to investigate shock wave behavior in various generic tissue simulants under the most reproducible conditions possible with realistic loads in an experimental test series with short set-up times.
T2 - 7th International Forum on Blast Injury Countermeasures
CY - Tokio, Japan
DA - 17.05.2023
KW - Shock wave generator
KW - Blast injury
KW - Primäre Explosionswirkung
KW - Experimental setup
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-60045
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Zocca, Andrea
A1 - Wilbig, Janka
A1 - Günster, Jens
T1 - An overview of ceramic AM with focus on bioceramics and powder bed technologies
N2 - The presentation will start with an overview of ceramic additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and will discuss the potential of AM in the field of bioceramics.
The presentation will then focus on two possible use cases of binder jetting technologies.
In the first example, standard powder-based binder jetting is used to manufacture a porous implant design for large scale bone defects. The related challenges in the process chain will be discussed, from powder synthesis to sintering and characterization of the printed part.
In the second example, the LSD-print slurry-based binder jetting technology is presented as a possibility to adapt powder-bed AM to produce dense ceramic parts. The use case will focus on an application in the field of dental ceramics, specifically for the manufacturing of patient individualized single tooth restorations (veneers, crowns) with a high throughput process chain.
T2 - BioCAM - Additive Manufacturing Applied to Bioceramics
CY - Mons, Belgium
DA - 06.12.2023
KW - Additive Manufacturing
KW - Bioceramic
KW - Binder Jetting
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-60053
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Reichel, Levin
A1 - Schroepfer, Dirk
A1 - Kannengiesser, Thomas
A1 - Kromm, Arne
T1 - Effiziente Reparaturkonzepte mittels geregelter MSG Hochleistungsprozesse bei der Fertigung hochfester Dickblechverbindungen für Offshore Windenergieanlagen P1629
N2 - Der Bau von Gründungs- und Turmstrukturen für Windkraftanlagen erfordert den Einsatz moderner, nachhaltiger und ressourcenschonender hochfester Feinkornbaustähle. Durch den Schweißprozess verursachte Schweißnahtfehler sind nicht akzeptabel. Um diese zu beheben, ist das lokale thermische Fugenhobeln mit anschließendem Reparaturschweißen ein gängiges und wirtschaftliches Verfahren. Die hohe Schrumpfbehinderung um die ausgefugte Nut durch das umgebende Gefüge kann zu Rissbildung führen, wenn sich konstruktiv bedingte Spannungen und Eigenspannungen aus der Reparaturschweißung überlagern. Diese Gefahr wird durch die Verschlechterung der Mikrostruktur und der mechanischen Eigenschaften hochfester Stähle während des Schweißreparaturprozesses noch verstärkt.
T2 - Bachelor-, Master-, Doktoranden-Kolloquium
CY - Magdeburg, Germany
DA - 16.05.2024
KW - Reparaturschweißen
KW - Thermisches Ausfugen
KW - Offshore
KW - Sprühlichtbogen
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60050
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Wilrich, Cordula
T1 - Lagerung von Gefahrstoffen gemäß TRGS 510
N2 - Der Vortrag stellt die wesentlichen Inhalte sowie die wichtigsten Änderungen der TRGS 510 "Lagerung von Gefahrstoffen in ortsbeweglichen Behältern" vor.
Die TRGS 510 zeichnet sich durch ein gestuftes Maßnahmenkonzept in Abhängigkeit von der Art und Menge der gelagerten Gefahrstoffe aus. Folgende Maßnahmenstufen werden durch die TRGS 510 beschrieben:
1. Kleinmengen -> Allgemeine Maßnahmen
2. Überschreitung der Kleinmengen -> Lagerung im Lager
3. Überschreitung bestimmter Mengen für spezielle Gefahrstoffe -> Spezielle Maßnahmen
4. Verschiedene Gefahrstoffe und Lagerung im Lager erforderlich -> ggf. Getrenntlagerung und Separatlagerung
T2 - Schulungsveranstaltung der Länder für den Vollzug / die Gewerbeaufsicht
CY - Online meeting
DA - 16.05.2024
KW - Gefahrstoffe
KW - Gefahrstoffverordnung
KW - Lagerung
KW - TRGS
KW - Technische Regeln für Gefahrstoffe
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60049
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Seeber, Henrik
A1 - Grobert, Steffen
A1 - Krentel, Daniel
T1 - Investigation of intracorporeal shock wave propagation using a simplified torso model and a shock wave generator –a progress report
N2 - Following directly from the information presented at IFBIC 2023 on the research project 'Investigation of intracorporeal shock wave propagation using a simplified torso model and a shock wave generator', the latest results are presented below [1]. In order to contribute to the research efforts on the primary explosion effects, the aim of the investigation is the development of a multidisciplinary method to investigate shock wave behavior in various generic tissue simulants under the most reproducible conditions possible with realistic loads in an experimental series with short set-up times.
To achieve this, an autoclave with a volume of 0.065 m3 is used to generate reproducible pressure waves (Fig. 1). The autoclave will be referred to as Shockwave Generator (SWG). The pressure wave is produced by the detonation of a stoichiometric mixture of acetylene and oxygen under atmospheric conditions. The SWG-outlet is sealed by a rupture disc, which can be adjusted in thickness to vary the initial pressure. Additionally, modifying the composition of the acetylene-oxygen mixture can result in different load cases. The SWG requires approximately 30 minutes of set-up time between trials. The SWG was adjusted to match the characteristics of a real and typical explosive through free-field measurements. The experiments demonstrated that the pressure wave propagates in a hemispherical shape and has sufficient reproducibility.
To represent soft tissue, a basic model made of homogeneous ballistic gelatin is used in a geometrically simplified torso model (STM) (Fig. 2). The STM was enlarged to outer dimensions of 400 x 250 x 240 mm. Viscoelastic behavior of the ballistic gelatin can be assumed due to the collagen structure [2]. The density of the ballistic gelatin, and therefore the sound velocity, can be adjusted by changing the mixing ratio. Simplified simulants, such as hollow and solid material (bone simulant), were embedded in the STM. Additionally, the STM has been tested as a carrier material for biological substances, such as indicator species. The next step is to test the STM as a carrier material for larger organic tissue structures such as lungs or kidneys. The organic tissue samples will undergo histological examination to analyze their structural changes afterwards. The STM is equipped with embedded piezoelectric pressure sensors, an accelerometer and a temperature sensor. Visual documentation is captured using a high-speed camera. This measurement setup allows for the tracking of the coupled pressure wave and its behavior within the model and at the media transitions. Pressure values can be recorded after certain media changes, such as from soft tissue to a solid material (Figure 3).
The following is a review of the optimizations made to the entire experimental setup. The reproducibility of the SWG was increased. This was achieved by extending the evacuation process to the entire feed system of the SWG. Nitrogen residues in the SWG system can thus be avoided. As a result, the double peaks that occur at the first maximum can be avoided, as combustion runs more evenly without the nitrogen residues. In addition, partially varying peak overpressures can be avoided, as the acytelene-oxygen mixture is not too lean due to the elimination of the nitrogen residues. The workflow has been streamlined, resulting in an average set-up time of 25 minutes for the SWG. In the case of the STM, the manufacturing process in particular was optimized by examining and defining the manufacturing process based on scientific publications, which increases the reproducibility of the STM base bodies. As already mentioned in the previous paragraph, the STM was equipped with various additives in order to investigate the transition behavior of the pressure wave.
The following trail serves as an example: A comparison is made between the STM in the basic structure (Fig. 2 l.s.) and with an embedded solid material (bone plate) (Fig. 3 l.s.). An external overpressure of 100 kPa is generated by the SWG at a distance of 1 m, where the STM is placed. For the basic STM structure, the sensor distance is consistently 100 mm. The internal overpressure is visible in Fig. 2 r.s.. A typical ideal pressure curve can be seen. The characteristic points are easily distinguishable from the reflection peaks. In the STM with an embedded solid material, the sensor distance remains consistently at 66.6 mm
T2 - 8th International Forum on Blast Injury Countermeasures
CY - Washington D.C., USA
DA - 01.05.2024
KW - Shock wave generator
KW - Blast injury
KW - Primäre Explosionswirkung
KW - Experimental setup
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60044
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Leube, Peter
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Quantification of ultrashort per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water samples via headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) - a method development
N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were classified as a group of highly concerning chemicals over the last decades. Because of the high persistence of PFAS, their previous use led to contamination of the environment and human population. Due to ongoing use and incomplete remediation or destruction methods, the PFAS background in the environment is growing continuously.
The presence of ultrashort PFAS (with ≤3 carbon atoms) in the environment is often overlooked despite their contributions to PFAS levels. These compounds may directly contaminate the environment and arise from degradation of polyfluorinated compounds as well as incomplete PFAS destruction in certain industrial processes. Nonetheless, few approaches for targeted analysis of ultrashort PFASs have been developed, except for trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Beside liquid (LC-MS/MS), supercritical fluid (SFC-MS/MS), and ion chromatography (IC-MS)-based systems, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a promising method for detection and quantification of ultrashort PFAS.
The goal of this study was to develop a simple headspace GC-MS method for the quantification of ultrashort perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and polyfluorinated alcohols (PFOHs) in water samples. In contrast to PFOHs, functionalization of PFCAs was required for quantification. This was done by esterification with methanol at 80 °C, which can be carried out directly in the headspace GC-MS system.
Moreover, several parameters were optimized to achieve a low limit of quantification (LOQ) for the analytes used: i) The ratio of the aqueous solution, methanol, and available gas phase within the analysis vessel, ii) the concentration of additional acid in esterification mixtures of PFCAs, iii) shaking frequency and iv) shaking time before analysis. After optimizing the procedure, we were able to quantify ultrashort PFCAs and PFOHs. Thus, our developed headspace GC-MS method has the potential to be used as an alternative target analysis for ultrashort-chain PFCAs and PFOHs in various water samples (groundwater, wastewater).
T2 - SETAC Europe 34th Annual Meeting
CY - Seville, Spain
DA - 05.05.2024
KW - Ultrashort PFAS
KW - Headspace GC-MS
KW - Perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA)
KW - Polyfluorinated alcohol (PFOH)
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60042
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Ciornii, Dmitri
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Benismail, Nizar
A1 - Altmann, Korinna
T1 - Interlaboratory comparisons for obtaining reliable data on microplastic detection methods
N2 - Since microplastics (MPs) can be found everywhere and are becoming a problem of high concern, it is necessary to understand their occurrence and fate in the environment. However, to obtain data of high quality is very challenging, since measurement operating procedures differ from laboratory to laboratory. Currently, there are no standardized methods to analyze microplastics. One promissing possibility to adress standardization of the methodology and operating procedures are interlaboratory comparisons (ILCs). In this contribution we report the first results of an ILC on microplastic detection methods organized under the pre-stantdardisation plattform of VAMAS (www.vamas.org/twa45/) as Project 2 “Development of standardized methodologies for characterisation of microplastics with microscopy and spectroscopy methods”, within the Technical Working Area TWA 45 “Micro and Nano Plastics in the Environment”. The ILC has gathered 84 participants all over the world representing all continents. BAM, as the project leader, produced a set of reference microplastic materials, which have been distributed to all the participants together with the measurement protocols and reporting data templates.
T2 - SETAC 34th Meeting
CY - Seville, Spain
DA - 05.05.2024
KW - ILC
KW - Microplastic
KW - Py-GC/MS
KW - Polyethylene
KW - µ-Raman
KW - µ-FTIR
KW - Polyethylene Terephtalate
KW - TED-GC/MS
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60038
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Ciornii, Dmitri
A1 - Knigge, Xenia
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - Thünemann, Andreas
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Altmann, Korinna
T1 - Identification of toxicologically relevant functional groups on micro- and nanoplastic particles’ surface by means of X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy
N2 - Microplastic and nanoplastic particles (MNP) are spread all over the world in various types, shapes and sizes making it very challenging to accurately analyse them. Each sampling procedure, sample preparation method and detection technique needs suitable reference materials to validate the method for accurate results. Furthermore, the effects of these MNPs should be evaluated by risk and hazard assessment with test particles close to reality. To better understand MNP behavior and aid in clarification of their interactions with organisms, we produced several MNP materials by top-down procedure and characterized their properties. Since surface properties mostly determine particles’ toxicity, the aim of the present study was to determine which functional groups are present on MNPs and how the surface can be affected by the production process and particle’s environment.
T2 - SETAC 34th Meeting
CY - Seville, Spain
DA - 05.05.2024
KW - Microplastics
KW - Nanoplastics
KW - Polypropylene
KW - XPS
KW - SEM
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60037
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Altmann, Korinna
A1 - Milczewski, Frank
A1 - Ciornii, Dmitri
A1 - Hodoroaba, Dan
T1 - Preliminary results of an interlaboratory comparison on microplastics organised by plasticsfate
N2 - Microplastics are everywhere in the environment, but analytics is challenging. Since harmonisation is missing as well es suitable reference materials, BAM did under th umbrella of VAMAS funded by the EU Horizon 2020 project PlasticsFate a ILC for microplastic detection methods. Methods adressed were IR, Raman, Py-GC/MS and TED-GC/MS. The talk gives a first presentation and evaluation on the results.
T2 - CUSP annual meeting and conference
CY - Utrecht, Netherlands
DA - 12.09.2023
KW - Microplastics
KW - TED-GC/MS
KW - Polymer 3R
KW - Reference material
KW - ILC on detection methods
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-60036
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Drago, C.
A1 - Altmann, Korinna
A1 - Wiesner, Yosri
T1 - Standardization Methods for the Analysis of Microplastics (10 100µm) in Food Matrix: Sample Preparation and Digestion of Milk Powder.
N2 - Monitoring of microplastics in food matrices is crucial to determinate the human exposure. By direct ingestion microplastics could be released in the food during the production, through packaging and by consumer’s use. The absence of standard methods to quantify and detect different size range and type of microplastics has led to difficult and time consuming procedural steps, poor accuracy and lack of comparability. In this work, matrix characterization and laboratory experiments were used to investigate the efficiency of sample preparation in milk powder. This information is crucial to compile a standard procedure for sample preparation and digestion of common milk powder to detect different particle sizes and types of polymers. Charaterisation is done by TGA and TOC measurements.
T2 - SETAC Europe 2024
CY - Sevilla, Spain
DA - 05.05.2024
KW - Microplastics
KW - Harmonisation in microplastics
KW - Polymer 3R
KW - Microplastics in milk
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60034
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Giovannozzi, A
A1 - Altmann, Korinna
A1 - Wiesner, Yosri
T1 - Metrological traceability of measurement data from nano- to small microplastics for a greener environment and food safety
N2 - This talk descibes the EMPIR project PlasticTrace. Reference materials for microplastics will be developed. The production process and characterisation is explained by SEM, Raman, IR, Py-GC/MS and TED-GC/MS. Homogeneity control was successful. Stability check show no changes over 6 month.
T2 - SETAC Europe 2024
CY - Sevilla, Spain
DA - 05.05.2024
KW - Microplastics
KW - Reference materials
KW - Polymer 3R
KW - TED-GC/MS
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60033
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Silvestro, L.
A1 - Ruviaro, A. S.
A1 - Lima, G.
A1 - Durlo Tambara, Luis Urbano
A1 - Feys, D.
A1 - Kirchheim, A. P.
T1 - Rotational rheometry test of Portland cement-based materials - A systematic literature review
N2 - This study systematically reviews 62 papers on the use of rotational rheometry to assess the fresh state behavior of Portland cement-based materials. The research highlights the wide variation in test methods and aims to provide a comprehensive overview. Findings reveal that 50.0% of studies employed vane geometry, despite its limitations in providing transformation equations. Regarding dynamic shearing tests, 67.0% followed a consensus using a pre-shearing step and a step-wise routine with stabilization times ≥ 10 s. While the Bingham model is commonly used, the study emphasizes the importance of considering shear-thinning behavior in cementitious materials. Models like Herschel-Bulkley and modified Bingham may be more appropriate. This review offers insights into testing conditions for rotational rheometry of cementitious materials, serving as a foundation for future research in the field.
KW - Review
KW - Rheology
KW - Rheometry
KW - Rotational
KW - Cement
PY - 2024
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136667
SN - 0950-0618
VL - 432
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-60075
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schmitt, M.
A1 - Casperson, Ralf
A1 - Baensch, F.
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Nationale, europäische und internationale Normung in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung
N2 - Normung und Standardisierung in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung finden auf nationaler, europäischer und internationaler Ebene statt. Die Übernahme von Leitungsfunktionen in diesen Gremien erzeugt die Möglichkeit der Steuerung von Themen und Inhalten der relevanten Normen. Das persönliche Engagement der Fachexpert*innen in den nationalen Gremien und den europäischen und internationalen Arbeitsgruppen ist ein zusätzlicher Faktor für die inhaltliche Korrektheit und die inhaltliche Ausrichtung der Norm. Denn wer nicht normt, wird genormt und muss letztlich Normen anwenden, die andere entsprechend ihrer eigenen Interessen gestaltet haben. Voraussetzung für die Teilnahme in europäischen und internationalen Normungsgremien ist die Mitwirkung in den entsprechenden DINSpiegelgremien, welche die europäischen (CEN) und internationalen (ISO) Aktivitäten spiegeln und die Fachexpert*innen für die Mitarbeit autorisieren.
Auf internationaler Ebene findet die Normungsarbeit in den technischen Komitees ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” und ISO/TC 44/SC 5 “Testing and inspection of welds” und ihren Arbeitsgruppen statt. Das europäische Pendant ist das CEN/TC 138 “Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren” mit seinen Arbeitsgremien. Die DINSpiegelgremien sind für die deutsche Mitarbeit in diesen Gremien und die inhaltliche Bewertung der Norm-Entwürfe zuständig.
T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2024
CY - Osnabrück, Germany
DA - 05.05.2024
KW - Normung
KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung
KW - Qualifizierung
KW - Qualitätssicherung
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600726
IS - 5
SP - 1
EP - 6
AN - OPUS4-60072
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rhode, Michael
A1 - Mente, Tobias
A1 - Kannengiesser, Thomas
T1 - Parameters and challenges for reliable hydrogen determination in welded joints by carrier gas hot extraction
N2 - For the hydrogen-based energy economy of tomorrow, the construction of the necessary infrastructure will play a central role. Most materials used to date, such as welded steels, can be prone to hydrogen embrittlement under certain conditions. This includes the classic delayed cold cracking during welding as well as degradation phenomena during service of components in hydrogen-containing environment. For the evaluation of any hydrogen effect, for example, on the mechanical properties of a welded metallic material, the hydrogen content must be precisely determined. In the case of weld seams, the carrier gas hot extraction (CGHE) according to ISO 3690 is meanwhile state-of-the-art. CGHE is based on accelerated hydrogen degassing due to the thermal activation of hydrogen at elevated temperatures. In addition to the quantification of hydrogen, thermal desorption analysis (TDA) with varying heating rates can be used to determine and evaluate the hydrogen trapping at microstructural defects in the material. For both techniques, experimental and metrological influences must be considered, which have a major effect on the result. For example, ISO 3690 suggests different sample geometries and minimum extraction times for CGHE. This study summarizes the results and experiences of numerous investigations at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) with different sample temperatures and geometries (ISO 3690 type B and cylindrical TDA samples) regarding the influence of the sample surface (polished/welded), measurement accuracy depending on the sample volume and the insufficient monitoring of the effect of PI control on the extraction temperature. A deviating extraction temperature from the target temperature can significantly falsify the measurement results. Based on the results, methods are shown which allow the desired extraction temperature to be reached quickly without physically interfering with the measuring equipment. This serves to significantly improve the reliability of the hydrogen measurement through increased signal stability and accelerated hydrogen desorption. In general, an independent temperature measurement with dummy samples is recommended for the heating procedure of choice to exclude possible undesired temperature influences before the measurement. The methods described can be transferred directly to industrial applications
KW - Welding
KW - Hydrogen measurement
KW - ISO 3690
KW - Carrier gas hot extraction
PY - 2024
U6 - https://doi.org/10.37434/tpwj2024.04.01
SN - 0957-798X
VL - 4
SP - 3
EP - 10
PB - International Association Welding
AN - OPUS4-60071
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - You, Yi
A1 - Danischewski, Julia
A1 - Molnar, Brian
A1 - Riedel, Jens
A1 - Shelley, Jacob
T1 - Manipulation of Gaseous Ions with Acoustic Fields at Atmospheric Pressure
N2 - The ability to controllably move gaseous ions is an essential aspect of ion-based spectrometry (e.g., mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry) as well as materials processing. At higher pressures, ion motion is largely governed by diffusion and multiple collisions with neutral gas molecules. Thus, high-pressure ion optics based on electrostatics require large fields, radio frequency drives, complicated geometries, and/or partially transmissive grids that become contaminated. Here, we demonstrate that low-power standing acoustic waves can be used to guide, block, focus, and separate beams of ions akin to electrostatic ion optics. Ions preferentially travel through the static-pressure regions (“nodes”) while neutral gas does not appear to be impacted by the acoustic field structure and continues along a straight trajectory. This acoustic ion manipulation (AIM) approach has broad implications for ion manipulation techniques at high pressure, while expanding our fundamental understanding of the behavior of ions in gases.
KW - Ion mobility spectrometry
KW - Acoustic
KW - Mass spectrometry
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600704
SP - 1
EP - 6
PB - ACS Publications
AN - OPUS4-60070
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fareed, Adnan
A1 - Rosalie, Julian M.
A1 - Kar, Satyakam
A1 - Fähler, Sebastian
A1 - Maaß, Robert
T1 - Small-scale functional fatigue of a Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler alloy
N2 - Functional fatigue of shape-memory alloys is a considerable threat to the reliable service of actuation devices. Here, we demonstrate the essentially degradation-free cyclic phase-transformation behavior of Ni-Mn-Ga microcrystals up to one million stress-driven superelastic cycles. Cyclic dissipation amounts to about 1/5 of the bulk counterpart and remains unaffected during cycling, even after the introduction of dislocation structures via plastic straining. Plastic yielding and the transformation stress largely exceed the known bulk values. However, the transformation-stress is found to depend on plastic pre-straining, which suggests that the size-affected transformation stress is sensitive to the initial defect structure and that it can be tuned by a targeted introduction of dislocations. These findings demonstrate the high suitability of Ni-Mn-Ga as a robust shape-memory alloy in small-scale functional device engineering.
KW - Superelasticity
KW - Shape-memory alloys
KW - Functional fatigue
KW - Ni-Mn-Ga
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600695
VL - 274
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-60069
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Hahn, Sarah-K.
A1 - Saupe, Alexander
A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico
A1 - Bernardy, Christopher
A1 - Janßen, Marvin
A1 - Amano, Kofi Owusu Ansah
A1 - Krause, Ulrich
T1 - Sicherheit elektrochemischer Energiespeicher – Ergebnisse aus dem Projekt SEE-2L
N2 - Die Transformation der Energienutzung von konventionellen zu erneuerbaren Quellen führt dazu, dass zukünftig mehr Energie effizient zwischengespeichert werden muss. Eine Möglichkeit der elektrochemischen Zwischenspeicherung bieten Lithium-Ionen-Batterien. Hierfür können ausgemusterte Automobilantriebsbatterien verwendet werden. Erfüllen sie die hohen Anforderungen des mobilen Bereichs nicht mehr, haben sie oftmals noch eine ausreichende Kapazität und Leistungsfähigkeit für die stationäre Zwischenspeicherung.
Neben der Verwendung der Batterien im größeren Maßstab, z.B. bei Energieversorgern, werden durch den vermehrten Einsatz von Photovoltaik-Anlagen in Ein- und Mehrfamilienhäusern verstärkt Zwischenspeicher für Privathaushalte nachgefragt. Dies birgt auch für Einsatzkräfte neue Herausforderungen in der Gefahrenabwehr.
Im vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderten Verbundprojekt „SEE-2L – Sicherheit elektrochemischer Energiespeicher in Second Life Anwendungen“ wurden Versuche mit Second Life Modulen durchgeführt. Verbundpartner im Projekt waren neben der vfdb die Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg und die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung. Zudem war das Institut der Feuerwehr Nordrhein-Westfalen eingebunden.
Die durchgeführten Versuche bilden eine Grundlage für die Einordnung der Batteriespeicher, z.B. aus Sicht des baulichen Brandschutzes, zur Methodik der Brandbekämpfung oder zur Risikobewertung hinsichtlich der Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit.
Im Beitrag werden die Versuchsergebnisse vorgestellt und Ansätze für deren Anwendung gezeigt. Um die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zu vermitteln, wurde im Projekt zudem ein Schulungskonzept für Einsätze mit Lithium-Ionen-Technologien erarbeitet, das im Beitrag präsentiert wird. Es besteht aus theoretischen und praktischen Anteilen, sodass bei den Feuerwehren praxisnah aus- bzw. fortgebildet werden kann.
T2 - 70. Jahresfachtagung der vfdb
CY - Magdeburg, Deutschland
DA - 06.05.2024
KW - Auswirkungsbetrachtungen
KW - Elektrische Energiespeicher
KW - Lithium-Ionen-Batterie
KW - Stationäre Energiespeicher
KW - Thermisches Durchgehen
PY - 2024
SN - 978-3-9360-5038-7
SP - 645
EP - 657
PB - vfdb, Vereinigung zur Förderung des Deutschen Brandschutzes e.V.
CY - Münster
AN - OPUS4-60068
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Neumann, Christian
A1 - Thore, Johannes
A1 - Clozel, Mélanie
A1 - Günster, Jens
A1 - Wilbig, Janka
A1 - Meyer, Andreas
T1 - Additive manufacturing of metallic glass from powder in space
N2 - Additive manufacturing of metals – and in particular building with laser-based powder bed fusion – is highly flexible and allows high-resolution features and feedstock savings. Meanwhile, though space stations in low Earth orbit are established, a set of visits to the Moon have been performed, and humankind can send out rovers to explore Venus and Mars, none of these milestone missions is equipped with technology to manufacture functional metallic parts or tools in space. In order to advance space exploration to long-term missions beyond low Earth orbit, it will be crucial to develop and employ technology for in-space manufacturing (ISM) and in-situ resource utilisation (ISRU). To use the advantages of laser-based powder bed fusion in these endeavours, the challenge of powder handling in microgravity must be met. Here we present a device capable of building parts using metallic powders in microgravity. This was proven on several sounding rocket flights, on which occasions Zr-based metallic glass parts produced by additive manufacturing in space were built. The findings of this work demonstrate that building parts using powder feedstock, which is more compact to transport into space than wire, is possible in microgravity environments. This thus significantly advances ISRU and ISM and paves the way for future tests in prolonged microgravity settings.
KW - Metallic Glass
KW - Additive Manufacturing
KW - Space
PY - 2023
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600667
VL - 9
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Springer Nature
AN - OPUS4-60066
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Goller, Sebastian M.
A1 - Schartel, Bernhard
A1 - Krüger, Simone
T1 - Phosphorus features halogen –calcium hypophosphite replaces antimony trioxide, reduces smoke, and improves flame retardancy
N2 - Replacing antimony trioxide (ATO) in flame retardant formulations is an urgent task due to its toxicity. There are indications that calcium hypophosphite (CaP) may be a promising replacement. This study investigates the decomposition, fire behavior, and smoke release of brominated flame-retarded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) under various fire scenarios like ignition, developing fire and smoldering, while replacing ATO with CaP and CaP/talc. Adding 4 wt.-% of talc to CaP formulations showed beneficial effects on flammability due to changes in the viscosity and barrier properties. Synergism between 8 wt.-% talc and CaP improved the protective layer in the developing fire scenario, resulting in a ∼60 % decrease in the peak of heat release rate and reduction of ∼21 % in total smoke production (ref. ABS+Br+ATO). With a conventional index of toxicity (CIT) of below 0.75, ABS+Br+CaP passes the highest requirements according to EN 45545-2. Overall, the CaP/talc materials improve flame retardancy, show less smoke emission under forced flaming conditions, and prevent chronic intoxication and environmental pollution through smoke particles contaminated with antimony.
KW - Smoke
KW - Flame retardancy
KW - Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
KW - Calcium hypophosphite
KW - Antimony trioxide
PY - 2024
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2024.179764
SN - 0040-6031
VL - 737
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-60063
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Silbernagl, Dorothee
A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina
A1 - Tavasolyzadeh, Zeynab
A1 - Sturm, Heinz
A1 - Topolniak, Ievgeniia
T1 - Multiphoton Lithography of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for Tailored Microstructure Thermal and Micromechanical Properties
N2 - Multiphoton lithography (MPL), an emerging truly 3D microfabrication technique, exhibits substantial potential in biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. Fabricated micro-objects are often expected to undergo shape morphing or bending of the entire structure or its parts. Furthermore, ensuring precise property tuning is detrimental to the realization of the functionality of MPL microstructures. Herein, novel MPL materials based on interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) are presented that effectively combine the advantages of acrylate and epoxy systems. IPNs with varying component ratios are investigated for their microfabrication performance and structural integrity with respect to thermal and micromechanical properties. A variety of high-resolution techniques is applied to comprehensively evaluate IPN properties at the bulk, micron, and segmental levels. This study shows that the MPL laser scanning velocity and power, photoinitiator content, and multi-step exposure can be used to tune the morphology and properties of the IPN. As a result, a library of 3D MPL IPN microstructures with high 3D structural stability and tailored thermal and micromechanical properties is achieved. New IPN microstructures with Young’s moduli of 3–4 MPa demonstrate high-to-fully elastic responses to deformations, making them promising for applications in morphable microsystems, soft micro-robotics, and cell engineering.
KW - Interpenetrating polymer network
KW - Multiphoton lithography
KW - Atomic force microscopy
KW - Intermodulation AFM
KW - Fast scanning calorimetry
PY - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600593
SN - 1613-6810
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag
AN - OPUS4-60059
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -