TY - CONF A1 - Farahbakhsh, Mahin A1 - Tscheuschner, Frank A1 - Stahl, Michael T1 - Fachinformationssystem Datenbank GEFAHRGUT N2 - Es werden die Anwendungen des Gefahrgutdatenpools der BAM aufgezeigt, der ein zentrales Informationssystem für den Transport gefährlicher Güter darstellt. T2 - Internationale Gefahrguttage Hamburg 2024 CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 26.02.2024 KW - BAM-Liste KW - Datenbank GEFAHRGUT KW - Gefahrgut-Schnellinfo KW - Gefahrgutdatenpool KW - Gefahrguttransport KW - Informationssystem KW - Kurzinfo KW - Modul für Beförderungspapier KW - Modul für radioaktive Stoffe KW - BAM List KW - Dangerous Goods Database KW - Dangerous Goods Quickinfo KW - Radioactive Materials Module KW - Transport Documents Module PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59682 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt, Band 53, Heft 4 T3 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt der BAM - 4/2023 KW - Anerkennungen KW - Zulassungen PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-592823 SN - 0340-7551 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 517 EP - 540 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-59282 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Anita T1 - Certification and approvals of dangerous goods packaging in Germany N2 - Germany and China cooperate in a GIZ project - initiated and supported by the BMDV - in comparing their systems of dangerous goods packagings. T2 - Sino-German Workshop on Dangerous Goods Packaging CY - Online meeting DA - 24.11.2023 KW - Dangerous goods packagings KW - Transport KW - ADR PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59276 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Anita T1 - Neue Regeln - Klassifizierungsregeln: Was tut sich auf UN-Ebene? - TRGS 520: Es tut sich etwas auf nationaler Ebene N2 - Die Entwicklungen der Regelwerke auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene werden vorgestellt. Die BAM ist hier beteiligt und trägt mit zahlreichen Versuchsergebnissen bei, die hier erläutert werden. T2 - Fachkonferenz Lithiumbatterien CY - Göttingen, Germany DA - 23.01.2023 KW - Lithiumbatterien KW - Prüfung KW - Regelwerksentwicklung PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59275 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas T1 - Löschwasseruntersuchungen bei Bränden von Energiespeichern mit Lithium-Ionen-Zellen (LöwE) N2 - Die Untersuchung der Zusammensetzung des Löschwassers bei Bränden von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien ist von hohem Interesse. Bisher sind nur wenige bzw. unzureichende Studien in diesem Themenfeld vorhanden. T2 - BAM-UBA-Behördenerfahrungsaustausch 2023 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.06.2023 KW - Lithium-Ionen-Batterien KW - Löschwasser KW - Sicherheit PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59273 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas T1 - Single Cell Exchange in Battery Packs – Sustainability vs. Safety Aspects N2 - Lithium-ion batteries usually consist of numerous individual cells. There is ongoing discussion about enhancing sustainability by considering the replacement of heavily aged or damaged cells. Nevertheless, the planned replacement of individual cells poses significant challenges in ensuring the required reliability and safety of the refurbished device. T2 - KLIB Gesprächsrunde Batteriesysteme CY - Online meeting DA - 16.05.2023 KW - Lithium Ion Batteries KW - Lithium Ion Cells KW - Cell Exchange KW - Safety KW - Sustainability PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59272 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dayani, Shahabeddin A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas A1 - Schmidt, Anita A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Quantification of the Deep Discharge Induced Asymmetric Copper Deposition in Lithium‐Ion Cells by Operando Synchrotron X‐Ray Tomography N2 - AbstractLithium‐ion cells connected in series are prone to an electrical safety risk called overdischarge. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the overdischarge phenomenon in lithium‐ion cells using operando nondestructive imaging. The study focuses on understanding the behavior of copper dissolution and deposition during overdischarge, which can lead to irreversible capacity loss and internal short‐circuits. By utilizing synchrotron X‐ray computed tomography (SXCT), the concentration of dissolved and deposited copper per surface area is quantified as a function of depth of discharge, confirming previous findings. The results also highlight for the first time a nonuniform distribution pattern for copper deposition on the cathode. This research provides insights for safer battery cell design. KW - Lithium Ion Batteries KW - Deep Discharge KW - Computer Tomography KW - Copper Deposition KW - Litium Ion Cells PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-592717 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202301246 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-59271 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Anita T1 - Safety in transport of Li-ion batteries N2 - Safety in transport is the pre-requisite for bringing Lithium-ion batteries on the market. In order to consider the different types and degree of hazards, UN has set out to define a new classification system based on testing. BAM has participated in the test rounds and presents here the results. T2 - Technical Workshop on Advanced Materials Challenges and Standardisation Needs for Net Zero Technologies (AMCSNZT-2023) CY - New Delhi, India DA - 09.10.2023 KW - Lithium-ion batteries KW - Propagation testing KW - Safety PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59274 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Böttcher, Nils A1 - Dayani, Shahabeddin A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Schmidt, Anita A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas T1 - Visualizing the progression of the thermal runaway in lithium-ion-cells by controlled abuse tests at low temperatures N2 - Due to their increasing energy density, lithium-ion-batteries (LIBs) play a key role in the traffic energy transition. Regarding their safety behavior, the main challenge of LIB-cells remains the thermal runaway (TR) process. In situ/operando investigations of the TR on commercial cells is possible with radiographic and computer tomographic measurements. Nonetheless, high resolution visualization of the TR persists as a challenge due to the high progression speed of the TR-process itself. Generally, performing abuse tests at cryogenic temperatures allows to slow down or even prevent the TR. Nevertheless, not all abuse methods are suitable for TR investigations at low temperatures. Nail penetration is an appropriate option, however, contains numerous unknown parameters and therefore suffers regarding reproducibility. Herein, a self-developed high precision nail-penetration-setup is introduced, approaching the necessary mechanically reproducibility with controlled temperatures down to -190°C. The setup allows the preparation of critically abused, however, at cryogenic temperatures stable LIB-cells. These cells were controlled rethermalized to room temperature during synchrotron x-ray computer tomography (SXCT) with a pixel size up to 0.7 μm. During this measurement, the temperature and voltage of the cell is monitored allowing the visualization of the initial internal cell reactions. This study reveals the relation between internal reactions and cell voltage. Finally, the developed set-up enables in-depth analysis of thermal runaway behavior down to material level for various commercial battery cells in the future. T2 - International Battery Safety Workshop CY - Ulm, Germany DA - 28.09.2023 KW - Thermal Runaway KW - Lithium Ion Batteries KW - Computer Tomography PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59270 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas A1 - Böttcher, Nils A1 - Yusfi, Nawar A1 - Schmidt, Anita T1 - Hazard-Based Classification of Lithium-Ion Cells and Batteries N2 - Next to performance features, safety aspects of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are a crucial research field. The abuse/misuse of a LIB can trigger a chain of exothermic reactions on cell level. Hence, the cell temperature increases dramatically, causing the so-called thermal runaway (TR). Moreover, the TR of one cell can initiate the TR of adjacent cells leading to a TR-propagation. Due to the risk of a TR, special measures need to be applied while handling, storing, and transporting batteries. According to current transport regulations, all different types of lithium-ion and lithium metal cells/batteries (by means of cell format, cathode chemistry, etc.) require the same transport conditions regardless of the intensity of their reaction during abuse tests. To allow more differentiated transport requirements, the United Nations (UN) Subcommittee Transport of Dangerous Goods created an Informal Working Group (IWG) on the topic of a hazard-based classification of LIBs. BAM is one of nine laboratories working on the development of a respective classification scheme including appendant test protocols. Herein, we discuss the latest results of our safety tests on commercial LIB-cells employing the test protocols developed in the UN-IWG. Single cell tests are analysed regarding different hazardous features during the TR, e.g., cell temperature, flame occurrence, and gas amount. Next to the general occurrence of a propagation, the propagation speed is analysed by propagation tests. In total, the presented results are gathered from over 200 tests. Next to the classification of the tested cells, the data set obtained is analysed in respect to the cells’ key features, such as cell energy, state of charge and cathode type. Generally, the presented results can increase the overall understanding of the TR-mechanism supporting the design of advanced safety measures on cell level in the future. T2 - International Battery Safety Workshop CY - Ulm, Germany DA - 28.09.2023 KW - Battery Classification KW - Safe Transport KW - Thermal Runaway KW - Lithium Ion Batteries PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59269 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas A1 - Böttcher, Nils A1 - Yusfi, Nawar A1 - Schmidt, Anita T1 - Linking Key Features of Commercial Lithium-Ion Cells to Thermal Runaway Effects and Propagation Behavior N2 - Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are essential for the electrification of vehicles and play an important role for stationary storage units needed for grid-balancing. Research groups all over the world work on the improvement of LIBs regarding an increase in energy density as well as cycle-life and a decrease in costs. Next to these research topics, a continuously uprising and crucial field is safety features of LIBs, which can be implemented at different levels, such as material, cell, battery and system level. The abuse/misuse of a LIB can cause an internal release of heat which can trigger a chain of exothermic reactions on cell level. Hence, the cell temperature increases dramatically, causing the so-called thermal runaway (TR), possibly leading to flames and/or explosion of the cell. Moreover, the TR of one cell can initiate the TR of adjacent cells leading to a so-called propagation, possibly, causing the TR of the whole battery. Ideally, easily obtainable key features of a certain cell – such as cathode type, cell format, cell energy and state of charge (SOC) - could allow the prediction of its behaviour under abuse conditions. In the present study, we will discuss the latest result of our safety tests on cell level employing an external heater as TR-trigger. Single cell tests will be analysed regarding different hazardous features during the TR, e.g., cell temperature, occurrence of flames, peak pressure, gas amount and gas composition. Moreover, the possibility of a TR-propagation and the respective propagation speed will be gained from propagation tests utilizing six cells with identical SOC. In total, the study comprises over 200 tests on cell level. The gained data set is analysed in respect to the cell parameters, such as cell format, cell energy, SOC and the cathode type as well as the atmosphere (air vs. N2) present during the test. A special focus is put on the discussion of general conclusions linking cell parameters to TR-effects and propagation behaviour. The findings regarding common conclusions between key features and TR-effects can enable a rather facile selection process of cells/batteries for certain applications according to specific safety targets. Moreover, it allows to choose cell-specific safety measures, suitable during operation. In further works, the study will be extended to end-of-first life cells yielding important conclusions regarding crucial safety aspects for the implementation of those cells in 2nd-life application. Generally, the presented results can increase the overall understanding of the TR mechanism supporting the design of advanced measures to enhance the safety on cell level in the future. T2 - 224th ECS Meeting CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 08.10.2023 KW - Lithium Ion Batteries KW - Thermal Runaway KW - Propagation KW - Safety PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59268 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas A1 - Böttcher, Nils A1 - Yusfi, Nawar A1 - Schmidt, Anita T1 - Investigating thermal runaway effects and propagation behaviour of various types of commercial lithium-ion cells N2 - Lithium-ion battery (LIB) powered devices, such as laptops, mobile phones and power tools are ubiquitous in our daily lives. Moreover, LIBs are essential for the electrification of vehicles, and play an important role for stationary storage units needed for grid-balancing. The improvement of LIBs, in terms of increasing energy density as well as cycle-life and decreasing costs, is tackled by numerous research groups all over the world. In the last years, research regarding safety aspects has steadily gained more interest. The safety of LIBs can be implemented at different levels, such as material, cell, battery and system level. The abuse/misuse of an LIB can lead to an internal increase in heat which can trigger a chain of exothermic reactions on cell level. Thus, the cell temperature increases dramatically causing the so-called thermal runaway (TR). This process can lead to flames and/or explosion of the cell. Furthermore, the TR of one cell can initiate the TR of adjacent cells causing the so-called propagation, possibly, leading to the TR of the whole battery. Herein, we will show the latest result of our safety tests on cell level employing an external heater as TR-trigger. Regarding single cell tests, we will compare different hazardous features during the TR, e.g., cell temperature, occurrence of flames, peak pressure, and toxic gases, depending on the cell format, cell energy and the cathode type. The same cell parameters will be used to discuss the results of the propagation tests. Moreover, the influence of the state of charge (SOC) and the present atmosphere (air vs. N2) as well as the repeatability will be discussed. Overall, the study comprises over 180 tests on cell level. The findings regarding the TR behaviour can be used to create a hazard-classification scheme of LIBs, e.g., allowing the definition of (cell type specific) conditions for a safe transport. Furthermore, the results can increase the general understanding of the TR mechanism promoting the development of advanced measures to enhance the safety on cell level in the future. T2 - Advanced Battery Power 2023 CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 27.04.2023 KW - Thermal Runaway KW - Lithium Ion Batteries KW - Safety PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59267 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Leonhardt, Robert A1 - Tichter, Tim A1 - Scharpmann, Philippa A1 - Schmidt, Anita A1 - Kowal, Julia A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas T1 - Deconvoluting the impact of early-life abuse conditions on the degradation of lithium-ion cells N2 - The successful repurposing of degraded lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in second-life applications is a vital step towards achieving a circular economy. While reusing aged Li-cells is a promising way of mitigating their overall environmental footprint, it is crucial to anticipate their future safety and performance characteristics . Unfortunately, predicting these properties is a cumbersome task, essentially caused by limited knowledge of the interference of different degradation modes in the cells’ first life. To still enable estimating of these parameters from a current state, the present study systematically investigates the impacts of abusive conditions in an early phase of the cells’ life on their subsequent degradation behavior. For this purpose, individual Li-cells are initially stressed by different measures such as overcharging, deep-discharging, plating, and deliberate combinations of the aforementioned methods. Electrochemical performance indicators are monitored during subsequent cycling of the cells which provides insights into the interdependencies of different degradation modes induced by specific stress conditions. In this manner, it is clarified whether or not the total degradation can be determined by a convolution or a superposition of individual deterioration effects and, thus, be described as a multidimensional state function. This knowledge will finally contribute to a better understanding of the performance and safety behavior of degraded Li-ion batteries which can help to successfully implement them into second-life applications. T2 - ECS Gothenburg CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 08.10.2023 KW - Li-ion batteries KW - Early-life overstress KW - Ageing PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59221 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Leonhardt, Robert A1 - Böttcher, Nils A1 - Schmidt, Anita A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas T1 - Exploring the safety behavior of lithium-ion cells aged at elevated temperatures N2 - Understanding the safety characteristics of aged Lithiumion (Li-ion) batteries is essential for their effective integration into second-life applications. The SafeLiBatt project is a research initiative focused on evaluating safety-related parameters of these batteries. The presented study elucidates the impact of a cells’ state of health (SOH) on its safety behavior. Four highpower pouch cells (Li-NMC622) were exposed to elevated temperatures to achieve accelerated ageing. Subsequent thermal abuse tests were utilized to assess crucial parameters related to the thermal runaway (TR). When compared to their non-aged (begin of life, BOL) analogs, the aged cells implicated a TR-onset lowered by about 10 – 20 K. T2 - Advanced Battery Power 2023 CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 26.04.2023 KW - li-ion batteries KW - ageing KW - battery ageing PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59220 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Böttcher, Nils A1 - Dayani, Shahabeddin A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Setzchen, M. A1 - Schmidt, Anita A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas T1 - Determination of safe handling and transport conditions of critically damaged lithium battery cells at low temperatures N2 - Lithium batteries are the key technology for the successful implementation of the energy transition. Nevertheless, the consequences of thermal runaway of lithium batteries pose the greatest safety risk. In particular, the transport of damaged lithium batteries poses special challenges in order to minimize the effects of thermal runaway. By developing a precision nail test rig, the positive effects of cooling damaged lithium batteries can be investigated and safe transport temperatures identified. T2 - Advanced Battery konference CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 26.04.2023 KW - Lithium-Ion Battery Safety and Testing PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59207 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Farahbakhsh, Mahin A1 - Simon, Katja A1 - Eiben, Mario A1 - Damm, David A1 - Tscheuschner, Frank A1 - Stahl, Michael T1 - Fachinformationssystem Datenbank GEFAHRGUT - Hilfe bei der Kennzeichnung der Umweltgefahr N2 - Möglichkeiten der Datenbank GEFAHRGUT und des Gefahrgutdatenservices die Notwendigkeit der Kennzeichnung der Umweltgefahr zu ermitteln. T2 - 19. Gefahrgut-Technik-Tage Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.11.2023 KW - Datenbank KW - Fachinformationssystem KW - Gefahrgut KW - Kennzeichnung KW - Umweltgefahr KW - Dangerous goods KW - Database KW - Environmentally hazardous substance KW - Labelling KW - Specialised information system PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59107 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Farahbakhsh, Mahin A1 - Simon, Katja A1 - Eiben, Mario A1 - Damm, David A1 - Tscheuschner, Frank A1 - Stahl, Michael T1 - Fachinformationssystem Datenbank GEFAHRGUT N2 - Es werden die Anwendungen des Gefahrgutdatenpools der BAM aufgezeigt, der ein zentrales Informationssystem für den Transport gefährlicher Güter darstellt. T2 - 19. Gefahrgut-Technik-Tage Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.11.2023 KW - BAM-Liste KW - Datenbank GEFAHRGUT KW - Gefahrgut-Schnellinfo KW - Gefahrgutdatenpool KW - Gefahrguttransport KW - Informationssystem KW - Kurzinfo KW - Modul für Beförderungspapier KW - Modul für radioaktive Stoffe KW - BAM List KW - Dangerous Goods Database KW - Dangerous Goods Quickinfo KW - Radioactive Materials Module KW - Transport Documents Module PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59106 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - el Dsoki, Chalid T1 - Hitzebeständigkeit von Funkgeräten N2 - Lithium-Akkus können bei großer Hitzeeinwirkung thermisch durchgehen. Und doch sind sie in vielen Geräten der Feuerwehr verbaut, zum Beispiel in Funkgeräten. Ein Sicherheitsrisiko beim Löscheinsatz? KW - Funkgeräte Löscheinsatz PY - 2023 IS - 12 SP - 64 EP - 66 AN - OPUS4-59075 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlick-Hasper, Eva T1 - Ablauf des Zustimmungsverfahrens zu alternativen Methoden zum Wasserbad in der BAM N2 - Dieser Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über den Ablauf zur Zustimmung alternativer Methoden der Dichtheitsprüfung für gefüllte Druckgaspackungen nach ADR 6.2.6.3.2. T2 - IGA-Herbstforum CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 24.11.2023 KW - Druckgaspackungen KW - Zustimmung KW - Alternative Dichtheitsprüfverfahren PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59032 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Dayani, Shahabeddin A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Eddah, Mustapha A1 - Mieller, Björn A1 - Böttcher, Nils A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Tomographic Imaging Capabilities with hard X-Rays at BAMline (Bessy II) N2 - The BAMline at the synchrotron X-ray source BESSY II (Berlin, Germany) is supporting researchers especially in materials science. As a non-destructive characterization method, synchrotron X-ray imaging, especially tomography with hard X-Rays, plays an important role in structural 3D characterization. The imaging capabilities allow for in-situ and operando experiments. In this presentation the equipment, data handling pipeline as well as various examples from material science are presented. T2 - Correlative Materials Characterization Workshop 2023 CY - Brno, Czech Republic DA - 09.11.2023 KW - Tomography KW - X-ray imaging KW - Li-ion battery PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58958 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neitsch, Marcel T1 - Nutzung von Recycling-Kunststoffen für die Produktion von Gefahrgutverpackungen – aktueller Stand der Norm ISO 16103 N2 - Im Vortrag wird der Stand der Weiterentwicklung der ISO 16103 dargestellt, in der Regelungen zur Qualitätssicherung bei der Herstellung von Recycling-Kunststoffen und daraus hergestellter Gefahrgutverpackungen enthalten sind. Darüber hinaus wird auf die Verbindungen zu den UN Model Regulations und zum ADR eingegangen und welche Konsequenzen sich daraus für die Zulassung und die Anerkennung des Qualitätssicherungsprogramms ergeben. T2 - 19. Gefahrgut-Technik-Tage CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.11.2023 KW - ISO 16103 KW - Recycling-Kunststoffe KW - Gefahrgutverpackungen PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58894 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Katja A1 - Stahl, Michael A1 - Farahbakhsh, Mahin T1 - Fachinformationssystem Datenbank GEFAHRGUT - Hilfe bei der Kennzeichnung der Umweltgefahr N2 - Möglichkeiten der Datenbank GEFAHRGUT und des Gefahrgutdatenservices die Notwendigkeit der Kennzeichnung der Umweltgefahr zu ermitteln. T2 - Stuttgarter Gefahrguttag CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 24.10.2023 KW - Datenbank KW - Fachinformationssystem KW - Gefahrgut KW - Kennzeichnung KW - Umweltgefahr KW - Dangerous goods KW - Database KW - Environmentally hazardous substance KW - Labelling KW - Specialised information system PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58711 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Katja A1 - Stahl, Michael A1 - Farahbakhsh, Mahin T1 - Fachinformationssystem Datenbank GEFAHRGUT N2 - Es werden die Anwendungen des Gefahrgutdatenpools der BAM aufgezeigt, der ein zentrales Informationssystem für den Transport gefährlicher Güter darstellt. T2 - Stuttgarter Gefahrguttag CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 24.10.2023 KW - BAM-Liste KW - Datenbank GEFAHRGUT KW - Gefahrgut-Schnellinfo KW - Gefahrgutdatenpool KW - Gefahrguttransport KW - Informationssystem KW - Kurzinfo KW - Modul für Beförderungspapiere KW - Modul für radioaktive Stoffe KW - BAM List KW - Dangerous Goods Database KW - Dangerous Goods Quickinfo KW - Radioactive Materials Module KW - Transport Documents Module PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58710 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Winckelmann, Alexander A1 - Hoffmann, V. A1 - Morcillo, Dalia A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo A1 - Leonhardt, Robert A1 - Richter, Silke A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique A1 - You, Zengchao T1 - Chemical characterization of aging processes in high energy-density lithium-ion batteries N2 - Introduction Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one key technology to overcome the climate crisis and energy transition challenges. Demands of electric vehicles on higher capacity and power drives research on innovative cathode and anode materials. These high energy-density LIBs are operated at higher voltages, leading to increased electrolyte decay and the current collectors' degradation. Even though this fundamental corrosion process significantly affects battery performance, insufficient research is being done on the aluminum current collector. Fast and convenient analytical methods are needed for monitoring the aging processes in LIBs. Methods In this work glow-discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES) was used for depth profile analysis of aged cathode material. The measurements were performed in pulsed radio frequency mode. Under soft and controlled plasma conditions, high-resolution local determination (in depth) of the elemental composition is possible. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with a focused ion beam (FIB) cutting and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to confirm GD-OES results and obtain additional information on elemental distribution. Results The aging of coin cells manufactured with different cathode materials (LCO, LMO, NMC111, NMC424, NMC532, NMC622, and NMC811) was studied. GD-OES depth profiling of new and aged cathode materials was performed. Quantitative analysis was possible through calibration with synthetic standards and correction by sputter rate. Different amounts of aluminum deposit on the cathode surface were found for different materials. The deposit has its origin in the corrosion of the aluminum current collector. The results are compatible with results from FIB-EDX. However, GD-OES is a faster and less laborious analytical method. Therefore, it will accelerate research on corrosion processes in high energy-density batteries. Innovative aspects - Quantitative depth profiling of cathode material -Monitoring of corrosion processes in high energy-density lithium-ion batteries - Systematic investigation of the influence of different cathode materials T2 - ANAKON 2023 CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 11.04.2023 KW - Lithium Ion Batteries KW - GD-OES KW - Depth-profiling PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58586 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt, Band 53, Heft 3 T3 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt der BAM - 3/2023 KW - Anerkennungen KW - Zulassungen KW - Richtlinien PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-585302 SN - 0340-7551 VL - 53 IS - 3 SP - 463 EP - 516 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-58530 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eiben, Mario T1 - Die Aufgaben der BAM als zuständige Behörde im Gefahrgutbereich in Deutschland N2 - Die BAM ist zuständige Behörde in Deutschland für bestimmte Aufgaben im Gefahrgutbereich, die u. a. in § 8 der Gefahrgutverordnung Straße, Eisenbahn und Binnenschifffahrt (GGVSEB) und § 12 der Gefahrgutverordnung See (GGVSee) aufgeführt sind und hauptsächlich von den Abteilungen 2 und 3 wahrgenommen werden. So ist die BAM bspw. die in Deutschland für die Zulassung von Verpackungen und Tanks oder auch die Einstufung bestimmter gefährlicher Güter zuständige Stelle. Die BAM arbeitet des Weiteren als Kompetenzbehörde national und international in den entsprechenden Gremien mit und berät das BMDV in der Rechtsfortentwicklung der internationalen Vorschriften für den Gefahrguttransport. Dies geschieht u. a. durch die Mitarbeit im Ständigen Ausschuss Gefahrgutbeförderung (AGGB) des Gefahrgut-Verkehrs-Beirats beim BMDV und den zugehörigen Arbeitsgruppen, oder auch das Erstellen von Anträgen für Rechtsänderungen in den internationalen Vorschriften der Vereinten Nationen (UN) bzw. der Wirtschaftskommission für Europa der UN (UNECE) im Auftrag des BMDV. Die Beratung der betroffenen Wirtschaft und die Normungsarbeit sind weitere wichtige Themen. Die Expertise der BAM wird insbesondere durch Forschung im Gefahrgutbereich erhalten und weiter ausgebaut. Im Rahmen des Vortrags werden drei Forschungsbereiche vorgestellt, von denen zwei für die Energiewende von großer Bedeutung sind. T2 - 10. Deutsche Gefahrgut-Sicherheitstage CY - Nürburg, Germany DA - 13.09.2023 KW - Gefahrgut KW - Zuständige Behörde KW - Transport gefährlicher Güter KW - Gremienarbeit KW - Normung KW - Forschung KW - Gesetzliche Aufgaben PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58350 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlick-Hasper, Eva A1 - Bethke, John T1 - Vergleichende Schüttwinkelmessungen an festen Gefahrgütern N2 - Die in den von der BAM anerkannten Prüfstellen für Gefahrgutverpackungen gängigen Schüttwinkel-Messmethoden werden verglichen, anhand der Messung an fünf pulverförmigen oder körnigen Stoffen mit gefährlichen Eigenschaften. Zusätzlich wird die Untersuchung des Einflusses einer unterschiedlichen klimatischen Vorlagerung vorgenommen. T2 - 36. Sitzung des BAM AK Prüfstellen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.09.2023 KW - Schüttwinkel KW - Pulver KW - Schüttgüter KW - Fließfähigkeit PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58278 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lengas, Nikolaos A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Schlick-Hasper, Eva A1 - Neitsch, Marcel A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Zehn, M. W. T1 - FEA of the mechanical response of installed impact target foundations in drop tests of dangerous goods packagings N2 - Packagings for the transport of dangerous goods need to meet special requirements to get an approval. This includes free fall drop testing onto an essentially unyielding surface as a means to assess a package’s resistance to mechanical damage. A main requirement for drop tests is that the impact target’s mass shall be at least 50 times that of the heaviest package to be tested. Nevertheless, many manufacturers do not possess foundation structures with the required mass ratio. Previous evidence highlights that the mass ratio is not a decisive criterion on its own. Parameters such as the impact target foundation’s connection and the impulse experienced by the impacting object are essential as well. However, these factors are not easily verifiable since experimental measurements are not possible at most facilities. The objective of this work is to provide a detailed analysis on the interaction between impact target foundation and subgrade in dynamic impact testing using validated finite-element (FE) models. This research is highly beneficial for industrial application since it allows manufacturers to make informed predictions about the mechanical response of installed impact target foundations. T2 - FEMS EUROMAT 2023 CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 03.09.2012 KW - Dangerous goods packagings KW - Drop test KW - Foundation KW - Structural dynamics PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58213 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lengas, Nikolaos A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Schlick-Hasper, Eva A1 - Neitsch, Marcel A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Zehn, M. W. T1 - Improved criteria for evaluating impact targets in regulative drop tests of dangerous goods packagings N2 - For dangerous goods packagings, drop testing onto an essential unyielding target can be used to assess the mechanical resistance to impact loads. Adopted regulations like ADR/RID require that the impact surface provided shall be integral with a mass at least 50 times than that of the heaviest package to be tested. The problem is that many manufacturers do not possess impact targets that satisfy the required 50 times mass ratio for regulative drop tests during series production. The objective of this work is to verify existing and define improved criteria for impact target structures based on systematic investigations. Previous evidence highlights the relevance of other parameters in addition to the mass ratio. Therefore, in this research, a variation of drop test parameters was carried out experimentally. Furthermore, numerical vibration analysis was applied to investigate the deformability of the impact surface. The results conclude that the mass ratio of 1:50 cannot be defined as a decisive criterion. In order to determine the influence of further drop test parameters, the research findings were used to validate a parametric model which assesses impact target deflection. An approximation quality of over 90 % was achieved. As a result, new evaluation criteria are proposed. Firstly, a method for identifying critical impact target designs is provided. Secondly, a new comprehensive formula compares the approximated maximum deflection of a real impact target to the respective theoretical threshold derived from a worst-case assumption. In practice, this leads to great advantages in the evaluation of already installed impact targets for dangerous goods packagings. T2 - 31st IAPRI Members’ conference CY - Mumbai, India DA - 22.05.2023 KW - Drop test KW - Structural dynamics KW - Dangerous goods packagings KW - Impact target KW - Vibration analysis PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57715 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lengas, Nikolaos A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Schlick-Hasper, Eva A1 - Neitsch, Marcel A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Zehn, M. W. T1 - Improved criteria for evaluating impact targets in regulative drop tests of dangerous goods packagings N2 - For dangerous goods packagings, drop testing onto an essential unyielding target can be used to assess the mechanical resistance to impact loads. Adopted regulations like ADR/RID require that the impact surface provided shall be integral with a mass at least 50 times than that of the heaviest package to be tested. The problem is that many manufacturers do not possess impact targets that satisfy the required 50 times mass ratio for regulative drop tests during series production. The objective of this work is to verify existing and define improved criteria for impact target structures based on systematic investigations. Previous evidence highlights the relevance of other parameters in addition to the mass ratio. Therefore, in this research, a variation of drop test parameters was carried out experimentally. Furthermore, numerical vibration analysis was applied to investigate the deformability of the impact surface. The results conclude that the mass ratio of 1:50 cannot be defined as a decisive criterion. In order to determine the influence of further drop test parameters, the research findings were used to validate a parametric model which assesses impact target deflection. An approximation quality of over 90 % was achieved. As a result, new evaluation criteria are proposed. Firstly, a method for identifying critical impact target designs is provided. Secondly, a new comprehensive formula compares the approximated maximum deflection of a real impact target to the respective theoretical threshold derived from a worst-case assumption. In practice, this leads to great advantages in the evaluation of already installed impact targets for dangerous goods packagings. KW - Corrugated fibreboard box KW - Dangerous goods packagings KW - Drop test KW - Impact target KW - Mechanical response KW - Steel drum KW - Structural dynamics PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-576985 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.2759 SN - 0894-3214 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd AN - OPUS4-57698 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlick-Hasper, Eva A1 - Bethke, John A1 - Goedecke, Thomas T1 - How To Measure The Angle of Repose of Hazardous Substances in the Test Centers for Dangerous Goods Packagings N2 - The flow properties of powdery or granular filling substances for dangerous goods packagings are safety-relevant parameters. To specify the flow behavior, the angle of repose is measured in the recognized test centers for dangerous goods packagings in Germany. Previous investigations performed on non-hazardous substances revealed that some of the methods currently used have disadvantages in application. Additionally, for occupational health and safety reasons, it was generally viewed critically to carry out measurements of the angle of repose for dangerous goods at all. Instead, the dimensionless Hausner ratio to describe the flow behavior was proposed. In this work, the investigations were extended to real hazardous substances to concretize the assessment. Five exemplary hazardous substances were tested for their angle of repose using the methods commonly applied in the test centers. The Hausner ratio was also determined. In addition, the influence of a different climatic preconditioning on the angle of repose measurement was examined using three selected non-hazardous bulk materials. The results show that the measurement of the angle of repose is not fundamentally excluded for dangerous goods. However, for reasons of applicability, repeatability and occupational health and safety, only the ISO method can be applied for dangerous filling substances. This method provides conservative results regarding a safety-related evaluation of flow properties for the transport of dangerous goods. In principle, both the ISO method and the determination of the Hausner ratio can be used for dangerous goods. It is also essential especially with finely powdered filling goods, to carry out controlled preconditioning. KW - Angle of repose KW - Flow properties KW - Flowability KW - Hausner ratio KW - Powders KW - Sift-proofness PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-576552 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.2756 SN - 0894-3214 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-57655 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlick-Hasper, Eva A1 - Bethke, John A1 - Goedecke, Thomas T1 - How To Measure The Angle of Repose of Hazardous Substances in the Test Centers for Dangerous Goods Packagings N2 - The flow properties of powdery or granular filling substances for dangerous goods packagings are safety-relevant parameters. To specify the flow behavior, the angle of repose is measured in the recognized test centers for dangerous goods packagings in Germany. Previous investigations performed on non-hazardous substances revealed that some of the methods currently used have disadvantages in application. Additionally, for occupational health and safety reasons, it was generally viewed critically to carry out measurements of the angle of repose for dangerous goods at all. Instead, the dimensionless Hausner ratio to describe the flow behavior was proposed. In this work, the investigations were extended to real hazardous substances to concretize the assessment. Five exemplary hazardous substances were tested for their angle of repose using the methods commonly applied in the test centers. The Hausner ratio was also determined. In addition, the influence of a different climatic preconditioning on the angle of repose measurement was examined using three selected non-hazardous bulk materials. The results show that the measurement of the angle of repose is not fundamentally excluded for dangerous goods. However, for reasons of applicability, repeatability and occupational health and safety, only the ISO method can be applied for dangerous filling substances. This method provides conservative results regarding a safety-related evaluation of flow properties for the transport of dangerous goods. In principle, both the ISO method and the determination of the Hausner ratio can be used for dangerous goods. It is also essential especially with finely powdered filling goods, to carry out controlled preconditioning. T2 - 31st IAPRI Members' Conference CY - Navi Mumbai, India DA - 22.05.2023 KW - Angle of repose KW - Flow properties KW - Flowability KW - Hausner ratio KW - Powders KW - Sift-proofness PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57619 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eiben, Mario A1 - Stahl, Michael A1 - Farahbakhsh, Mahin T1 - Fachinformationssystem Datenbank GEFAHRGUT - Hilfe bei der Kennzeichnung der Umweltgefahr N2 - Möglichkeiten der Datenbank GEFAHRGUT und des Gefahrgutdatenservices die Notwendigkeit der Kennzeichnung der Umweltgefahr zu ermitteln T2 - Münchner Gefahrguttage 2023 CY - Munich, Germany DA - 15.05.2023 KW - Datenbank KW - Fachinformationssystem KW - Gefahrgut KW - Kennzeichnung KW - Umweltgefahr KW - Dangerous goods KW - Database KW - Environmentally hazardous substance KW - Labelling KW - Specialised information system PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57531 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eiben, Mario A1 - Stahl, Michael A1 - Farahbakhsh, Mahin T1 - Fachinformationssystem Datenbank GEFAHRGUT N2 - Es werden die Anwendungen des Gefahrgutdatenpools der BAM aufgezeigt, der ein zentrales Informationssystem für den Transport gefährlicher Güter darstellt. T2 - Münchner Gefahrguttage 2023 CY - Munich, Germany DA - 15.05.2023 KW - BAM-Liste KW - Datenbank GEFAHRGUT KW - Gefahrgut-Schnellinfo KW - Gefahrgutdatenpool KW - Gefahrguttransport KW - Informationssystem KW - Kurzinfo KW - Modul für Beförderungspapiere KW - Modul für radioaktive Stoffe KW - BAM List KW - Dangerous Goods Database KW - Dangerous Goods Quickinfo KW - Radioactive Materials Module KW - Transport Documents Module PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57530 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dayani, Shahabeddin A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Schmidt, Anita A1 - Widjaja, Martinus Putra A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Multi-level X-ray computed tomography (XCT) investigations of commercial lithium-ion batteries from cell to particle level N2 - Adopting X-ray computed tomography (XCT) for ex-situ characterization of battery materials has gained interest in the past decade. The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of several X-ray computer tomography techniques to study commercial batteries. General guidelines are provided to select the most suitable imaging equipment and parameters for investigations of lithium-ion batteries, spanning the length scales from cell to electrode, down to particle level. Relevantly, such parameters would also be suitable for operando experiments. Safety mechanisms and manufacturing inconsistencies at cell level as well as defects and inhomogeneity in cathode and anode is illustrated and quantified. Furthermore, relation of beam energy and sample-detector-distance on contrast retrieved from attenuation and phase shift is inspected using Synchrotron XCT. KW - Non-destructive testing KW - X-ray computed tomography KW - Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography KW - Lithium-ion battery PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.107453 SN - 2352-152X VL - 66 SP - 107453 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-57512 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lengas, Nikolaos A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Kadoke, Daniel A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Schlick-Hasper, Eva A1 - Neitsch, Marcel A1 - Zehn, Manfred W. T1 - Damage assessment of complete, filled fibreboard boxes in regulative vertical impact tests by dropping N2 - Due to the high damping mechanical properties of fiberboard materials, corrugated fiberboard boxes are widely used as transport packagings of dangerous goods. Since there is risk of vertical impact within the distribution system, drop tests are performed as design type tests to assess a package’s ability to withstand damage. In this context, however, little is known regarding the transient mechanical response of a filled fiberboard box. The reason is that the nature of the packaging material presents challenges in identifying the deformation mechanisms experimentally. The aim of this work is to provide a framework for predicting the damage resistance of complete, filled corrugated fiberboard boxes which are ready for transportation. Therein, drop test finite-element simulations are used and validated by experimental results. These numerical calculation models are a valuable tool for virtual product development and contribute to the optimization of the design cycle. KW - Finite-element-method KW - Digital image correlation KW - Dangerous goods packagings KW - Corrugated fiberboard box KW - Drop test PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575050 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.04.679 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-57505 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meurer, Maren A1 - Wiesner, Yosri A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Waniek, Tassilo A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Is olypropylene relevant for microplastic analytics? N2 - Nowadays, in every terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem, even in the remotest areas, small residues of plastics, the so called microplastic (MP) can be found. MPs are particles with a size of 1-1000 µm (ISO/TR 21960:2020), mainly containing synthetic polymers like polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Even styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as an indication for tire wear is included due to similar particle formation. To understand the MPs consequences to the environment, it is of high priority to capture its extent of contamination. It is surprising that in the analysis of polymer masses in environmental samples, PE, PS and SBR are often detected, but only small amounts of PP, although this is the second most commonly produced standard plastic and many MP particles originate from carelessly disposed packaging materials. This presentation provides hypotheses about the reasons of rare PP identification and mass quantification in environmental samples. Different investigations of pristine PP and representative environmental samples, including the pre-treatment by Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) or with density separation followed by the thermal extraction / desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) are presented. The results are discussed according to the material properties and a possible degradation mechanism under different weathering conditions which indicate less stability under relevant storage conditions. T2 - Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry CY - Dublin, Ireland DA - 30.04.2023 KW - Sample preparation KW - Polypropylene KW - Microplastic KW - Degradation PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57474 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt, Band 53, Heft 1 T3 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt der BAM - 1/2023 KW - Anerkennungen KW - Zulassungen KW - Richtlinien PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-574038 SN - 0340-7551 VL - 53 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 340 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-57403 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - You, Zengchao A1 - Hoffmann, V. A1 - Morcillo, Dalia A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo A1 - Leonhardt, Robert A1 - Winckelmann, Alexander A1 - Richter, Silke A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique T1 - Investigation of aluminum current collector degradation in lithium-ion batteries using glow discharge optical emission spectrometry N2 - In this work, we employed glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES) depth profiling as a fast and semi-quantitative method to investigate the aluminum (Al) current collector degradation in commercial lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) pouch cells with no Al2O3 pretreatment. After battery aging, a heterogeneous deposit was found on the surface of the cathode. Gray hotspot areas within an extensive pale white region were formed. Consistent with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of micro-cross sections milled via targeted focused ion beam (FIB), an Al-containing layer of approximately 3 µm can be observed using GD-OES. We attribute one main cause of this layer is the degradation of the Al current collector. The nonuniform growth of this layer was investigated by performing GD-OES depth profiling at different in-plane positions. We found that the gray area has a higher mass concentration of Al, probably in metallic form, whereas the white area was probably covered more homogeneously with Al2O3, resulting from the inhomogeneous distribution of the pitting positions on the current collector. Compared to FIB-EDX, GD-OES enables a faster and more convenient depth profile analysis, which allows the more productive characterization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and consequently benefits the development of preferable battery materials. KW - GD-OES KW - depth profiles KW - Li-ion battery KW - battery aging mechanism KW - current collector corrosion PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2023.106681 SN - 0584-8547 VL - 205 SP - 106681 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam, Netherlands AN - OPUS4-57383 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Trubiroha, P. A1 - Giehl, A. A1 - Schönlein, A. A1 - Feil, F. T1 - Normenvorschlag zur Bewitterung transparenter oder transluzenter Kunststoffe N2 - Aufgrund des tieferen Eindringens der solaren Strahlung treten bei transparenten und bei transluzenten (durchscheinenden) Kunststoffen veränderte Bedingungen gegenüber opaken Proben auf. Dies kann zu speziellen Effekten und damit zu einem abweichenden Bewitterungsverhalten führen. Auch aus Mangel an geeigneten Normen werden diese Effekte häufig vernachlässigt. Deshalb initiiert der DIN-FNK auf ISO-Ebene ein entsprechendes Dokument. Die Norm ist in der Form eines Technical Reports geplant. In einem ersten Teil sollen die Besonderheiten transparenter oder transluzenter Kunststoffe erläutert werden, um den Nutzer für mögliche Probleme zu sensibilisieren. Im zweiten Teil werden Empfehlungen für Bestrahlung oder Bewitterung herausgearbeitet. In einem dritten Teil geht es dann um Besonderheiten bei der Messung von Eigenschaftsänderungen transparenter bzw. transluzenter Kunststoffe. In informativen Anhängen sollen verschiedene Beispiele die Thematik illustrieren. T2 - 51. Jahrestagung der GUS CY - Stutensee-Blankenloch, Germany DA - 29.03.2023 KW - Bewitterung KW - Polymer 3R KW - Bestrahlung KW - UV PY - 2023 SN - 978-3-9818507-8-9 SP - 39 EP - 46 PB - Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation e.V. CY - Pfinztal (Berghausen) AN - OPUS4-57271 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Farahbakhsh, Mahin A1 - Tscheuschner, Frank A1 - Stahl, Michael T1 - Fachinformationssystem Datenbank GEFAHRGUT - Hilfe bei der Kennzeichnung der Umweltgefahr N2 - Möglichkeiten der Datenbank GEFAHRGUT und des Gefahrgutdatenservices die Notwendigkeit der Kennzeichnung der Umweltgefahr zu ermitteln T2 - Internationale Gefahrgut-Tage Hamburg 2023 CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 27.02.2023 KW - Datenbank KW - Fachinformationssystem KW - Gefahrgut KW - Kennzeichnung KW - Umweltgefahr KW - Dangerous goods KW - Database KW - Environmentally hazardous substance KW - Labelling KW - Specialised information system PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57115 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Farahbakhsh, Mahin A1 - Tscheuschner, Frank A1 - Stahl, Michael T1 - Fachinformationssystem Datenbank GEFAHRGUT N2 - Es werden die Anwendungen des Gefahrgutdatenpools der BAM aufgezeigt, der ein zentrales Informationssystem für den Transport gefährlicher Güter darstellt. T2 - Internationale Gefahrgut-Tage Hamburg 2023 CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 27.02.2023 KW - BAM-Liste KW - Datenbank GEFAHRGUT KW - Gefahrgut-Schnellinfo KW - Gefahrgutdatenpool KW - Gefahrguttransport KW - Informationssystem KW - Kurzinfo KW - Modul für Beförderungspapier KW - Modul für radioaktive Stoffe KW - BAM List KW - Dangerous Goods Database KW - Dangerous Goods Quickinfo KW - Radioactive Materials Module KW - Transport Documents Module PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57114 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Winckelmann, Alexander A1 - Hoffmann, V. A1 - Morcillo, Dalia A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo A1 - Leonhardt, Robert A1 - Richter, Silke A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique T1 - Investigation of degradation of the aluminum current collector in lithium-ion batteries by glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy N2 - Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one technology to overcome the challenges of climate and energy crisis. They are widely used in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, or as storage for renewable energy sources. However, despite innovations in batteries' components like cathode and anode materials, separators, and electrolytes, the aging mechanism related to metallic aluminum current collector degradation causes a significant drop in their performance and prevents the durable use of LIBs.[1] Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES) is a powerful method for depth-profiling of batteries' electrode materials. This work investigates aging-induced aluminum deposition on commercial lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) batteries' cathodes. The results illustrate the depth-resolved elemental distribution from the cathode surface to the current collector. An accumulation of aluminum is found on the cathode surface by GD-OES, consistent with results from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) combined with focused ion beam (FIB) cutting. In comparison to FIB-EDX, GD-OES allows a fast and manageable depth-profiling. Results from different positions on an aged cathode indicate an inhomogeneous aluminum film growth on the surface. The conclusions from these experiments can lead to a better understanding of the degradation of the aluminum current collector, thus leading to higher lifetimes of LIBs. T2 - European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry (EWCPS 2023) CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia DA - 29.01.2023 KW - Lithium-ion batteries KW - Aging mechanisms KW - Depth-profiling PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-56992 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rappsilber, Tim A1 - Yusfi, Nawar A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Hahn, S.-K. A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick A1 - Krug von Nidda, Jonas A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico T1 - Meta-analysis of heat release and smoke gas emission during thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries N2 - Herein a meta-analysis of 76 experimental research papers from 2000 to 2021 is given about possible effects on the thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery cells. Data on the hazards of gas emissions and released heat are related to each other and differentiated by cell properties such as, cell geometry, cathode type or state of charge. Quantitative information on the total heat release in the range of 2.0–112.0 kJ Wh−1, the peak heat release rate in the range of 0.006–2.8 kW Wh−1and the smoke gas emission were extracted, normalized in terms of cell energy (Wh), combined in a data library and compared graphically. The total amount of gas emitted (3–48 mmol Wh−1) as well as the released amount of carbon monoxide (1–161 mg Wh−1) and hydrogen fluoride (2–197 mg Wh−1) were investigated as a function of the state of charge and cell geometry. The analysis reveals that the measured values are significantly influenced by the types of calorimeters and smoke gas analyzers used as well as by the type of thermal runaway trigger. This meta-analysis can serve as an important basis for any risk assessment of lithium-ion batteries. KW - Lithium-ion battery KW - Thermal runaway KW - Cathode active material KW - Heat release KW - Smoke gas emission PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-568071 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.106579 SN - 2352-152X VL - 60 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-56807 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -