TY - GEN A1 - Lisec, Jan T1 - CorrectOverloadedPeaks (R package to correct APCI-HR-MS peak data) N2 - Metabolomics, the analysis of potentially all small molecules within a biological system, has become a valuable tool for biomarker identification and the elucidation of biological processes. While metabolites are often present in complex mixtures at extremely different concentrations, the dynamic range of available analytical methods to capture this variance is generally limited. Here, we show that gas chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-APCI-MS), a state of the art analytical technology applied in metabolomics analyses, shows an average linear range (LR) of 2.39 orders of magnitude for a set of 62 metabolites from a representative compound mixture. We further developed a computational tool to extend this dynamic range on average by more than 1 order of magnitude, demonstrated with a dilution series of the compound mixture, using robust and automatic reconstruction of intensity values exceeding the detection limit. The tool is freely available as an R package (CorrectOverloadedPeaks) from CRAN (https://cran.r-project.org/) and can be incorporated in a metabolomics data processing pipeline facilitating large screening assays. KW - Software KW - Metabolomics KW - R package KW - Data processing PY - 2019 UR - https://github.com/cran/CorrectOverloadedPeaks/ PB - GitHub CY - San Francisco, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-57853 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gröke, Carsten A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Requirements for Package Design Testing and Quality Assurance Measures for Packages not Requiring Competent Authority Design Approval N2 - Übersicht über die gefahrgutrechtlichen Anforderungen zur Bauartprüfung und dem Qualitätsmanagement für Verpackungen für nicht zulassungspflichtige Versandstücke. T2 - KONTEC 2019 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 27.03.2019 KW - Bauartprüfung KW - Qualitätsmanagement KW - Nicht zulassungspflichtig PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-56352 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Simbruner, Kai T1 - Brittle failure of spent fuel claddings during long-term dry interim storage N2 - In order to demonstrate the safety of both spent fuel and the storage system, a good understanding of the processes that might cause deterioration is required. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) continued the coordinated research on Spent Fuel Performance Assessment and Research (SPAR) into a fourth phase starting in 2015 to evaluate fuel and materials performance under wet and dry storage and to assess the impact of interim storage on associated spent fuel management activities (such as handling and transport). BAM’s understanding and experiences in the field of long-term storage of spent fuel and especially spent fuel characterization are presented to assist the preparation of the final project report. T2 - IAEA CRP SPAR-IV Third Research Coordination Meeting (RCM3) CY - Buenos Aires, Argentina DA - 07.10.2019 KW - Fuel rod KW - Cladding KW - Radial hydrides KW - Ring compression test KW - Failure analysis PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-56006 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Simbruner, K. T1 - Embrittlement of spent fuel claddings during long-term dry interim storage - Current approach at BAM N2 - The integrity of fuel rods and cladding tubes must be demonstrated throughout the dry interim storage of spent nuclear fuel in Germany. For at least a relevant number of casks, an extension of interim storage between 40 and 100 years is foreseeable. The drying procedure for the fuel rods in conjunction with the thermomechanical storage conditions may change the microstructure of the cladding tubes and lead to their possible embrittlement. The failure probability might increase under mechanical load by handling procedures (transport after storage) on potentially embrittled cladding tubes of fuel rods especially at low temperatures after long-term storage. Results of ring compression tests on unirradiated pre-hydrided as well as irradiated samples with radial hydrides are investigated by finite element analyses to be able to describe the failure process and to identify failure criteria. T2 - EPRI Extended Storage Collaboration Program (ESCP) Winter 2019 Meeting CY - Charlotte, NC, USA DA - 04.11.2019 KW - Fuel rod KW - Cladding KW - Radial hydrides KW - Ring compression test KW - Failure analysis PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-56005 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zencker, Uwe T1 - Spent Fuel Characterization - Current Activities in Germany N2 - The characterization of spent fuel and radioactive waste is essential in the evaluation of the ability of these materials to meet acceptance criteria. Prior to determining a method for spent fuel characterization, it is necessary to identify the type of data required to support safety and other analyses for the storage, transportation and final disposal of spent fuel. BAM’s understanding and capabilities in the field of spent fuel characterization are presented for the scope of a coordinated research project on the topic. T2 - IAEA Technical Meeting on Spent Fuel Characterization for Management of Spent Fuel in the Back End of the Fuel Cycle CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 12.11.2019 KW - Nuclear fuel cycle KW - Back end KW - Spent fuel characterization KW - Storage KW - Transportation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-55866 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Girard, L. A1 - Tung, S. A1 - Woydt, Mathias A1 - Bachelder, D. ED - Totten, G. E. ED - Shah, J. S. ED - Forester, D. R. T1 - Automotive engine lubricants N2 - In 2003, ASTM Manual 37, Fuels and Lubricants Handbook: Technology, Properties, Performance and Testing, featured a chapter discussing automotive lubricants, including engine oils, automatic transmission fluids, manual transmission fluids, gear lubricants, and greases. This chapter, by Schwartz, Tung, and McMillan, surveyed all of these classes of lubricants, up to its publication in 2003. More recently, the period between 2003 and 2010 has been addressed as part of a book copublished by ASTM and SAE International (coeditors Simon Tung and George Totten), where Fox surveyed the development of engine oil specifications that emerged during those years. This chapter surveys the evolution of engine oil design and testing since 2002 and concludes with insights into future directions offered by recent tribological research. Our objective is to provide a reader new to the field with an understanding of the following: - Engine oil composition and formulation - North American engine oil specification development, and an outline of emergent European specifications - How emergent specifications and legislative requirements are linked to the introduction of new engine hardware - How tribological innovation can contribute to future enhancements in engine efficiency In parallel, we will provide several tables comparing groups of contemporaneous specifications. KW - Engine oil design KW - Engine oil testing PY - 2019 UR - https://www.astm.org/mnl3720160034.html SN - 978-0-8031-7089-6 SN - 978-0-8031-7090-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1520/mnl3720160034 SP - 753 EP - 863 PB - ASTM International CY - West Conshohocken, PA ET - 2 AN - OPUS4-53977 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Fritsch, Tobias T1 - A Multiscale Analysis of Additively Manufactured Lattice Structures N2 - Additive Manufacturing (AM) in terms of laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) offers new prospects regarding the design of parts and enables therefore the production of lattice structures. These lattice structures shall be implemented in various industrial applications (e.g. gas turbines) for reasons of material savings or cooling channels. However, internal defects, residual stress, and structural deviations from the nominal geometry are unavoidable. In this work, the structural integrity of lattice structures manufactured by means of L-PBF was non-destructively investigated on a multiscale approach. A workflow for quantitative 3D powder analysis in terms of particle size, particle shape, particle porosity, inter-particle distance and packing density was established. Synchrotron computed tomography (CT) was used to correlate the packing density with the particle size and particle shape. It was also observed that at least about 50% of the powder porosity was released during production of the struts. Struts are the component of lattice structures and were investigated by means of laboratory CT. The focus was on the influence of the build angle on part porosity and surface quality. The surface topography analysis was advanced by the quantitative characterisation of re-entrant surface features. This characterisation was compared with conventional surface parameters showing their complementary information, but also the need for AM specific surface parameters. The mechanical behaviour of the lattice structure was investigated with in-situ CT under compression and successive digital volume correlation (DVC). The Deformation was found to be knot-dominated, and therefore the lattice folds unit cell layer wise. The residual stress was determined experimentally for the first time in such lattice structures. Neutron diffraction was used for the non-destructive 3D stress investigation. The principal stress directions and values were determined in dependence of the number of measured directions. While a significant uni-axial stress state was found in the strut, a more hydrostatic stress state was found in the knot. In both cases, strut and knot, seven directions were at least needed to find reliable principal stress directions. KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Laser powder bed fusion KW - Residual stress KW - Surface roughness analysis KW - Computed tomography PY - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-470418 SP - 1 EP - 97 PB - Universitätsbibliothek Potsdam CY - Potsdam AN - OPUS4-53476 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Titscher, Thomas A1 - Unger, Jörg F. A1 - Oliver, Javier T1 - High-order cycle jump integration of a concrete fatigue damage model N2 - Fatigue models that accurately resolve the complex three-dimensional failure mechanisms of concrete are numerically expensive. Especially the calibration of fatigue parameters to existing Wöhler lines requires solving for thousands or millions of cycles and a naive cycle-by-cycle integration is not feasible. The proposed adaptive cycle jump methods provide a remedy to this challenge. They greatly reduce the numerical effort of fatigue simulations and provide the basis for a development of those models. T2 - 8th GACM Colloquium on Computational Mechanics CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 28.08.2019 KW - Time scale separation KW - Cycle jump KW - Fatigue damage PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-52191 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Denkler, Tilman T1 - Comparison of the Operation of Accreditation Bodies in Europe - Final Report Pilot Phase N2 - This study was designed to examine and compare the operation of accreditation bodies in Europe. A management tool, the Process Maturity Benchmarking Tool (PMBT), was elaborated and validated by applying it to various accreditation bodies. By applying the tool, the values of indicators were determined, thus enabling a comparison of the accreditation bodies despite different operational processes and organizational forms. The management tool PMBT is based on the analysis of selected processes with high relevance for the operation of accreditation bodies. The processes are derived from a process map designed for accreditation bodies in a universally applicable way. The indicators used to characterize the processes come from two sources: The first source relates to data already available from internal databases, reports, financial audits etc. The second source is derived from a self-evaluation of process maturity performed by the accreditation bodies. The criteria for evaluating process maturity were designed by applying the criteria of the EFQM excellence model 2013 of the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) to the processes identified in the process map. The project Comparison of the Operation of Accreditation Bodies in Europe comprised three stages. In the first stage, the processes of accreditation bodies were systematically analyzed. A process map was developed and processes of special relevance for the performance of accreditation bodies were identified and underpinned by indicators as described above. In the second stage, the processes of the German accreditation body DAkkS were assigned to the tool. This stage was used to check and modify the indicators when necessary. In the third stage, the transferability of the model was analyzed by extension to seven other accreditation bodies operating in Europe. The third stage of the project ended with a workshop attended by the eight accreditation bodies, which was used to present and discuss the results of the comparison and to identify best practices. KW - Accreditation KW - Benchmarking KW - Quality Infrastructure KW - EFQM Excellence Modell KW - Total Quality Management KW - Akkreditierung PY - 2019 SP - 1 EP - 82 AN - OPUS4-52172 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Linnemann, Konrad A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor A1 - Sterthaus, Jens A1 - Rolle, Annette A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Vlassopoulos, Efstathios A1 - Papaioannou, Dimitrios T1 - Numerical Simulation of Spent Fuel Segments under Transport Loads N2 - Packages for the transport of spent nuclear fuel shall meet the International Atomic Energy Agency regulations to ensure safety under different transport conditions. The physical state of spent fuel and the fuel rod cladding as well as the geometric configuration of fuel assemblies are important inputs for the evaluation of package capabilities under these conditions. Generally, the mechanical behavior of high burn-up spent fuel assemblies under transport conditions shall be analyzed with regard to the assumptions which are used in the containment and criticality safety analysis. Considering the complexity of the interactions between the fuel rods as well as between the fuel assemblies, basket, and cask containment, the exact mechanical analysis of such phenomena is nearly impossible. The gaps in Information concerning the material properties of cladding and pellet behavior, especially for the high burn-up fuel, make the analysis more complicated additionally. As a result, enveloping analytical approaches are usually used by BAM within the safety assessment of packages approved for transport of spent nuclear fuel. To justify the safety margins of such approaches additional analyses are necessary. In this paper, numerical simulations of a spent fuel assembly Segment are presented. The segment modeled represents the part of a generalized BWR fuel assembly between two spacers. Dynamic and quasi-static finite element calculations are performed to simulate the spent fuel behavior under regulatory defined accident conditions of transport. Beam elements are used for the modeling of the fuel rods representing the compound consisting of claddings and fuel pellets. The dynamic load applied is gathered from an experimental drop test with a spent fuel cask performed at BAM. A hot cell bending test performed at JRC Karlsruhe is the basis for obtaining the material behavior of the fuel rods. The material properties are determined by simulating the test setup of JRC and optimizing the results to fit the experimental load deflection curve. The simulations of the fuel assembly segment are used to get a better understanding about the loads on fuel rods under accident conditions of transport. T2 - 17th International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference (IHLRWM 2019) CY - Knoxville, Tennessee, USA DA - 14.04.2019 KW - Spent Nuclear Fuel KW - Finite Element Simulation KW - Transport packages PY - 2019 SN - 978-1-51088-669-8 SP - 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-52046 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -