TY - CONF A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard T1 - "Ultima Ratio": Multi-scale, high-resolution 3D-FFT scattering pattern simulations N2 - This talk highlights a proof-of-concept that demonstrates the ability to calculate high-resolution Fourier transforms. These can be combined with multi-scale modeling to simulate scattering over a wide range, from small-angle scattering to XRD and PDF. T2 - Shapespyer/MuSSIC Launch Workshop CY - Didcot, UK DA - 20.02.2023 KW - X-ray scattering KW - Simulation KW - Fourier Transform KW - 3D KW - High resolution KW - Multi-scale PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57031 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bellon, Carsten T1 - A fast general spectrum model for quantitative radiography simulation N2 - A model is presented that employs a unified approach for simulating the photon energy spectra for transmission and direct beam targets composed of arbitrary homogeneous materials. In order to achieve this, a detailed model of electron transport within the target is employed. The validity of the developed model is shown through comparisons with Monte Carlo simulations as well as measurements for a number of different configurations. T2 - 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Modelling KW - Radiography KW - Simulation KW - X-ray spectrum PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36628 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Alexander T1 - AI-based analysis of eddy current and ultrasonic rail testing data N2 - Non-destructive testing of rail tracks is carried out by using rail inspection cars equipped with ultrasonic and eddy current measurement. The evaluation of test data is mainly done manually, supported by a software tool which pre-selects relevant indications shown to the evaluators. The resulting indications have to be checked on-site using hand-held testing equipment. Maintenance interventions are then derived on the basis of these on-site findings. Overall aim of the AIFRI (Artificial Intelligence For Rail Inspection) project - funded by the German Federal Ministry of Digital and Transport (BMDV) as part of the mFUND programme under funding code 19FS2014 – is to increase the degree of automation of the inspection process from the evaluation of the data to the planning of maintenance interventions. The accuracy of defect detection shall be increased by applying AI methods in order to enable an automated classification of detected indications into risk classes. For this purpose, data from both eddy current inspections and ultrasonic inspections will be used in combination. Within the framework of this data-driven project, relevant defect patterns and artefacts present in the rail are analysed and implemented into a configurable digital twin. With the help of this digital twin virtual defects can be generated and used to train AI algorithms for detection and classification. With the help of reliability assessment trained AI algorithms will be evaluated with regard to the resulting quality in defect detection and characterisation. A particular aspect of the development of AI methods is the data fusion of different NDT data sources: Thereby, synergies are used that arise from linking eddy current and ultrasonic inspection data in a combined model. In the course of the project a demonstrator consisting of the developed IT-tool and an asset management system will be implemented and tested in the field using real-world data. T2 - NDT in Railway CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.09.2022 KW - NDT KW - Eddy current KW - Ultra sound KW - Simulation KW - Machine learning PY - 2022 UR - https://www.dgzfp.de/seminar/railway/#5 AN - OPUS4-57236 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Casperson, Ralf T1 - AIFRI - Artificial Intelligence for Rail Inspection N2 - Verlegte Eisenbahnschienen werden mit Schienenprüfzügen, die mit zerstörungsfreier Ultraschall- und Wirbelstromprüftechnik ausgerüstet sind, auf Schienenfehler geprüft. Im Rahmen des mFund-geförderten Projektes AIFRI wurden von der TU Berlin KI-Algorithmen entwickelt, die die Prüfer bei der Auswertung der Daten unterstützen. Felddaten von realen Prüffahrten sind für das Training der KI ungeeignet, da es einerseits kaum Defekte in den Schienen gibt, die sich mit Ultraschall detektieren lassen, andererseits bei der Wirbelstromprüfung zahlreiche Oberflächeneffekte unbekannter Ursache angezeigt werden. Die Aufgabe der BAM bestand darin, durch Simulation gelabelte Trainingsdaten für die KI zu generieren. Während die mit simulierten Daten trainierte KI bei der Ultraschallprüfung eine gute Performance aufweist, sofern der Sim2Real-Gap durch Addition realitätsnaher Rauschsignaturen zu den simulierten Trainingsdaten minimiert wird, erwies sich die verwendete KI bei der Wirbelstromprüfung aufgrund zu vieler Falsch-Positives als ungeeignet. Die Ursache liegt vermutlich darin, dass aufgrund der großen Vielfalt von teils unbekannten Oberflächeneffekten nur eine kleine Auswahl simuliert werden konnte und die KI bei untrainierten Signalsignaturen halluziniert. T2 - AI/ML Symposium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 06.11.2025 KW - Artificial intelligence KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Ultrasonic testing KW - Eddy current testing KW - Simulation KW - Sim2real gap KW - Railway rail inspection PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64630 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas T1 - Akustische und elektromagnetische Prüfverfahren für verlegte Eisenbahnschienen N2 - In diesem Vortrag werden die aktuellen Techniken für die angewandte mechanisierte Schienenprüfung dargestellt und Perspektiven für die Zukunft der handgeführten und fahrzeuggeführten Prüftechnik aufgezeigt. Insbesondere wird hier die bildhafte Darstellung, der zusätzliche Nutzen von Arraysensoren sowie die Möglichkeiten der Simulation von Schienenfehlern vorgestellt. T2 - ZfP-Prüfertag 2019 im RB Südost CY - Halle, Germany DA - 13.11.2019 KW - Arraysensoren KW - Mechanisierte Schienenprüfung KW - Ultraschall KW - Wirbelstrom KW - Simulation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49687 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Spaltmann, Dirk T1 - Alternative approach to simulate an entire particle erosion experiment N2 - The cause and type of solid particle erosion varies across different industries and locations in plants, for instance the particles could be volcanic ash in aero-engines, fly ash in boilers, exfoliated scale in steam turbines or mineral matter in oil excavation. In all cases the durability of materials can be improved through better surface engineering and coatings, but the development of these is restricted also due to lack of generic models. In this respect, the simulation of a single impact with finite element methods using 100.000 knots would take about 15 minutes. In order to simulate an entire particle erosion experiment, up to one billion of such impacts would have to be considered. In order to simulate an entire particle erosion experiment, the current work presents an alternative approach capable of calculating about half a billion impacts on a substrate in less than six hours on a standard PC. The predictions of the simulation will be compared to a steel sample at 600°C eroded by aluminum oxide particles with a velocity around 210 m/s. T2 - The 6th World Tribology Congress - WTC 2017 CY - Beijing, China DA - 17.09.2017 KW - Particle erosion KW - Simulation KW - Wear PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42448 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Analysis of Nanoparticles N2 - The determination of the thickness and composition of the coating is crucial for the understanding of the properties of nanoparticles. Four different approaches will be presented: (i) numerical methods, (ii) descriptive formulae, (iii) the simulation of spectra with Monte-Carlo methods, and (iv) inelastic background analysis. The advantages and limits of these methods will be discussed. T2 - XPS Workshop CY - Teddington, United Kingdom DA - 14.07.2025 KW - Numerical simulation KW - Emperical formulae KW - Simulation KW - Inelastic background analysis PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63732 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wu, Hongyi T1 - Applying experimental determined kinetic parameters to the simulation of vegetation fire in the Fire Dynamics Simulator N2 - Although intense wildfire research has been done in the US and in Australia, it cannot be transferred directly to the situation in Europe as the local vegetation has a significant influence on the fire spread. The EU-funded project TREEADS and the so-called German pilot within the project are concentrating on wildfire in Europe. Extensive experimental research is done on local vegeta-tion in Germany and the experimental results are used to adjust the Fire Dynam-ics Simulator (FDS) to local vegetation as a fuel in the calculations. The particle model and the boundary fuel model are developed for the simulation of forest fires. Both models require the kinetic input for the dehydration, pyrolysis, and char oxidation process. This three-step simplified model describes the basic fuel combustion kinetic. Most published simulations use the default kinetic input of pine needles from FDS user manual. To adjust the simulation to local vegetation, the corresponding kinetic parame-ters have been experimental investigated. Samples of pine needles, moss and other falling leaves were collected, air dried and grinded into powder. The TG analysis of all these samples were done under different heating rate of 5, 10 and 20K/min. The activation energy and the corresponding pre-exponential factor were calcu-lated. The results show that fire spread depends significantly on the vegetation and comparison with small scale experiments show good agreement using the new kinetic parameters. The new model is applied to a larger scenario and will be compared to the results of large-scale experiments for further validation of the model. T2 - Wood and Fire Safety 2024 CY - Štrbské Pleso, Slovakia DA - 12.05.2023 KW - Simulation KW - Forest KW - FDS KW - Fire Dynamics Simulator KW - Kinetic parameters KW - Vegetation fire PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60256 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bellon, Carsten T1 - aRTist – An Industrial-Radiology Simulator Using Tcl/Tk & VTK N2 - Industrial radiography or Radiographic Testing (RT) is a method of non-destructive testing where many types of manufactured components can be examined to verify the internal structure and integrity of the specimen. The computer program aRTist can generate synthetic radiographs from a virtual RT test set-up. In the field of industrial radiology simulation is used, e.g. to optimize techniques for complex applications, to support the preparation of written procedures, and for education purposes. The simulator aRTist combines analytical and Monte Carlo methods to efficiently model the radiation transport. The program comes with a graphical user interface written in Tcl/Tk. In combination of Tcl/Tk and the 3D capabilities of the visualization toolkit (VTK) a practical and convenient simulator has been realized. This will be illustrated by discussing application scenarios of classical radiography, X-ray computer tomography, and X-ray backscatter imaging. Additionally, some insight to the software implementation of the simulator will be given. T2 - EuroTCL 2017, 15th European Tcl/Tk User Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 08.07.2017 KW - Simulation KW - Radiography KW - Computed tomography PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43153 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Saif-Ur-Rehman, Saif-Ur-Rehman T1 - Assessing Structural Failure in Extrusion-based 3D Concrete Printing Using Plasticity Models N2 - 3D concrete printing (3DCP) brings automation in construction, reduces material usage, increases design flexibility, and eliminates the need for formwork. However, it is a complex process involving various parameters that are often defined by trial and error. This can lead to unforeseen failures during the print, such as buckling or yielding. Computational modeling can be used in the design stage to predict and prevent failure, during printing for real-time process control, and afterwards to assess how variations during printing affect the final structure. The structural failure during the print is primarily governed by how concrete behaves at the material level, making the choice of constitutive model crucial. Plasticity models are commonly used to assess buildability, with the Mohr-Coulomb criterion being a widely used approach [1]. However, its suitability for modeling fresh concrete for 3DCP, under such loading conditions and varying material properties is still an open research question. Furthermore, experimental studies have shown that fresh concrete exhibits non-linear behavior before failure [2], which is usually not considered in structural simulations of 3DCP. This work investigates the influence of plasticity models on different structural failure modes observed in 3DCP, specifically elastic buckling and plastic collapse. The non-linear behavior of fresh concrete is accounted for by incorporating non-linear isotropic hardening into the plasticity models. A Von-Mises plasticity model and a Mohr-Coulomb model with a hyperbolic smooth approximation are implemented, both incorporating non-linear hardening. An objective stress rate formulation is adopted to consider geometric non-linearity for accurate buckling predictions. As freshly deposited layers structurate over time, an age-dependent model is implemented to capture the stiffness and strength evolution of printed layers. To simulate the layer-by-layer process, a pseudo-density-based activation method is used, allowing sequential activation of layers as printing progresses. Model parameters are identified for different ages using Bayesian inference via inverse finite element modeling by numerically replicating stress-strain data from uniaxial compression tests on samples at different ages. Printing simulations are conducted for thin-walled and cylindrical structures, demonstrating the influence of choice of plasticity model on buckling behavior and material failure. T2 - The Fifth International Conference on Simulation for Additive Manufacturing (SIM-AM 2025) CY - Pavia, Italy DA - 9.09.2025 KW - 3D Concrete Printing KW - Material Modeling KW - Plasticity KW - Simulation PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64361 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -