TY - GEN A1 - Rogge, Andreas A1 - Rücker, Werner A1 - Baeßler, Matthias T1 - Tragverhalten und Zustandsbewertung von Offshore-Windenergieanlagen unter hochzyklischer Beanspruchung N2 - Die hochzyklischen Einwirkungen auf Offshore-Windenergieanlagen führen zu bemessungsrelevanten Ermüdungsbeanspruchungen aller Anlagenteile einschließlich der baulichen Konstruktion. Daraus ergeben sich diverse Fragestellungen hinsichtlich der Zuverlässigkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit dieser Anlagen, die hier beispielhaft am Langzeit-Verformungsverhalten der Gründungskonstruktionen dargestellt sind. Die dynamischen Eigenschaften haben erhebliche Konsequenzen für die konstruktive und betriebstechnische Auslegung der Anlagen. Eine geeignete Möglichkeit sowohl zur Erfassung des Langzeitverhaltens als auch zur Erkennung von Schädigungsvorgängen stellt das Structural Health Monitoring mit unmittelbarer Ergebnisbewertung dar. Ein geeignetes Messsystem und die erforderlichen Auswertungsroutinen wurden im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes entwickelt, vergleichend bewertet und im Originalmaßstab erprobt. KW - Gründung KW - Langzeitverhalten KW - Ermüdung KW - Schädigung KW - Monitoring PY - 2012 SN - 1431-5122 N1 - Serientitel: Berichte aus dem konstruktiven Ingenieurbau – Series title: Berichte aus dem konstruktiven Ingenieurbau VL - 12/4 SP - 227 EP - 234 AN - OPUS4-27055 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Goedecke, Thomas T1 - Ständig überwacht N2 - Mit dem Projekt SIGRID will die BAM Transpondertechnik für Gefahrguttransporte nutzbar machen. KW - Gefahrgut KW - RFID KW - BAM Datenbank Gefahrgut KW - Monitoring KW - Ladungssicherung PY - 2012 SN - 0944-6117 VL - 1 SP - 18 EP - 19 PB - Vogel CY - München AN - OPUS4-25324 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Trapp, S. A1 - Algreen, M. A1 - Rein, A. A1 - Karlson, U. A1 - Holm, Olaf ED - Kästner, M. ED - Braeckevelt, M. ED - Döberl, G. ED - Cassiani, G. ED - Papini, M.P. ED - Leven-Pfister, C. ED - van Ree, D. T1 - Phytoscreening with tree cores KW - Phytoscreening KW - Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOC) KW - Mapping of subsurface pollution KW - Monitoring KW - Tree cores PY - 2012 SN - 978-88-95814-72-8 IS - Section 3 / Chapter 2 SP - 134 EP - 148 CY - Rome, Italy AN - OPUS4-26911 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Holm, Olaf A1 - Trapp, S. A1 - Dési, R. A1 - Rotard, W. A1 - Ihle, T. T1 - Phytoscreening - Probenahme und chemische Untersuchung von Bohrkernen aus Bäumen zur Erkundung von Grundwasserschäden und Bodenbelastungen KW - Phytoscreening KW - Leichtflüchtige chlorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe (LCKW) KW - Erkundung KW - Monitoring KW - Bäume PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-8114-9700-9 SP - 3751-1 - 3751-24 PB - C.F. Müller ET - 65. Ergänzungslieferung / 3. Auflage AN - OPUS4-25987 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Thöns, Sebastian T1 - Monitoring based condition assessment of offshore wind turbine support structures N2 - A central societal need in developed countries is the energy production with a low environmental impact. Thus ambitious energy programs have been initiated aiming at the establishment of renewable energies as a main contributor to the energy mix in the next decade. Like no other renewable energy, the offshore wind energy possesses a high potential and constitutes the main contributor to this aim. The development of large scale wind parks is one of the major challenges in the offshore industry today while the first wind parks of significant size and in considerable water depths are being built. In preparation for the next step, this thesis aims to contribute to the efficient and cost effective operation of wind parks. It specifically addresses the support of the inspection and maintenance activities of offshore wind turbines by the development of methods for the assessment and monitoring of support structures. The essential finding of this thesis is that the operation efficiency of wind turbine structures can be significantly enlarged by monitoring based assessment procedures. It is found that a substantial expected life-cycle benefit for the operation can be achieved by the conceptual integration of structural monitoring techniques in the structural reliability theory. The integration should be bidirectional in the sense that the generic design decisions for structural monitoring systems are based on a structural reliability assessment and that simultaneously a possible reduction of the uncertainty associated with the condition is utilized for the structural reliability assessment and thus for the inspection and maintenance planning. The thesis covers the issues of (I) the integration of monitoring data in the framework for structural reliability assessment of the Joint Committee on Structural Safety (JCSS), (II) the issue of the consistent determination of the measurement uncertainties utilizing all available information of the measurement process, (III) the issue of the application of monitoring techniques for structural integrity management and (IV) the establishment of a full probabilistic performance model basis for the support structure of an offshore wind turbine. To cover these issues the thesis comprises (1) the development of probabilistic structural, loading and limit state models, (2) a response surface algorithm for a multiple component reliability analysis, (3) a reliability analysis of an offshore wind turbine support structure applying the model basis, (4) a framework for the determination of measurement uncertainties utilizing process and observation data and (5) concepts for utilizing monitoring data in a structural reliability analysis as well as for the risk based inspection planning. The starting point of this thesis is the development of the model basis containing the models for the structural performance of a reference case, namely a support structure of an offshore wind turbine. The model basis comprises the structural, loading and probabilistic characterization of the ultimate, fatigue and the serviceability limit states and is derived considering the constitutive physical equations. The introduced models for the structural performance and loads account for design, production and execution information. A sensitivity study is performed on the basis of a non-linear coefficient of correlation. The process of establishing and analyzing these models contributes to an enhanced understanding of the performance of the structure and is documented in detail. The reliability analysis of an offshore wind turbine support structure builds upon the developed model basis. In order to facilitate the reliability analysis with such complex multiple component models, an adaptive response surface algorithm is developed. This algorithm utilizes clustered experimental designs in combination with an efficient augmentation scheme for these designs. The results of the reliability analyses comprise the system reliabilities and the probabilities of failure for the components in the individual limit states. With these results critical components are identified. A comparison with the target reliabilities specified in DIN EN 1990 (2002) shows that the target reliabilities are met. A novel contribution, as mentioned above, constitutes a new approach for the determination of measurement uncertainties in the context of the structural reliability theory. This approach builds upon two types of measurement uncertainties (as defined in the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 (2008a)), namely the uncertainty based on a statistical analysis of observations and the uncertainty derived from a process equation describing physically the measurement process. Both types of measurement uncertainties are utilized for the derivation of a posterior measurement uncertainty by Bayesian updating. This facilitates the quantification of a measurement uncertainty using all available data of the measurement process. The measurement uncertainty models derived are analyzed through a sensitivity study and are discussed in detail resulting in an identification of the most relevant sources of measurement uncertainties. For the utilization of monitoring data in a structural reliability analysis the approach for the determination of measurement uncertainties data is applied. Monitoring data can be interpreted in two ways, namely as probabilistic loading model information and as probabilistic resistance model information, i.e. proof loading. For both ways the influence of the measurement uncertainties on the structural reliability is shown and how the specific modeling of monitoring data in a reliability analysis can result in a reduction of uncertainties and as a consequence in an increase of the reliability. The proof loading concept is developed further to account for probabilistic proof loading information, i.e. information subjected to measurement uncertainties. In conjunction with an alternative proof loading concept utilizing Bayesian updating techniques, a criterion to facilitate a consistent choice of the appropriate proof loading method is developed. The developed approaches and the findings are applied in a life-cycle cost-benefit analysis comprising the expected costs of failure, of inspection, of repair and of the monitoring system as well as its operation. Here, concepts for the design decision support of monitoring systems are introduced by formulating the life-cycle cost-benefit analysis as an optimization problem. On this basis, it can be determined which components should be monitored to achieve a life cycle benefit. Furthermore, an approach for the reduction of monitoring period is introduced. The most significant result of the cost-benefit analysis is that a substantial expected life-cycle benefit is achievable by the application of the developed concepts. KW - Structural condition assessment KW - Monitoring KW - Offshore wind turbine KW - Measurement uncertainty KW - Cost benefit analysis KW - Structural integrity management PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-009753058 SN - 0257-6821 IS - 345 SP - 1 EP - 149 PB - vdf Hochschulverlag AG CY - Zollikon AN - OPUS4-28280 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krüger, M. A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane A1 - Leissner, J. A1 - Bellendorf, P. A1 - Meinhardt, J. A1 - Antretter, F. ED - Fouad, N.A. T1 - Methoden der Dauerüberwachung von Gebäuden des kulturellen Erbes im Rahmen der Denkmalkonservierung KW - Monitoring KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Verfahrenskombination KW - Denkmalpflege KW - Forschungsprojekte PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-433-02986-2 SN - 1617-2205 VL - 12 IS - Kap. D4 SP - 559 EP - 602 PB - Ernst & Sohn CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-25706 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hohendorf, Stefan A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Intelligente Gefahrgutbehälter - IBC mit Gedächtnis N2 - Trotz strenger gesetzlicher Regelungen kommt es immer wieder zu schwerwiegenden Unfällen und Mängeln beim Transport und der Lagerung von Gefahrgütern. Die Ursachen dafür sind oft technisches, aber auch menschliches Versagen. Nicht zu unterschätzen ist die ständig wachsende Anzahl von Gefahrguttransporten auf deutschen Straßen. Waren 2002 noch 126 Mio. t Fracht mit Gefahrguttransporten im Straßenverkehr unterwegs, stieg die Frachtmenge im Jahr 2008 bereits auf 171 Mio. t. In den letzen Jahren ereigneten sich nach Angaben des statistischen Bundesamtes etwa 300 schwere Unfälle, an denen Gefahrguttransporte beteiligt waren. Allein 2009 wurden 1 372 Unfälle mit wassergefährdenden Stoffen registriert, wobei insgesamt 376 000 l wassergefährdende Stoffe freigesetzt wurden. KW - Gefahrgut KW - RFID KW - BAM Datenbank Gefahrgut KW - Monitoring KW - Ladungsssicherung PY - 2012 UR - http://www.technischesicherheit.de/ts/currentarticle.php?data[article_id]=67080 SN - 2191-0073 VL - 2 IS - 5 SP - 2 EP - 4 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-25904 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -