TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Janine A1 - Elordui-Zapatarietxe, S. A1 - Emteborg, H. A1 - Fettig, Ina A1 - Cabillic, J. A1 - Alasonati, E. A1 - Gantois, F. A1 - Swart, C. A1 - Gokcen, T. A1 - Tunc, M. A1 - Binici, B. A1 - Rodriguez-Cea, A. A1 - Zuliani, T. A1 - Gonzalez Gago, A. A1 - Pröfrock, D. A1 - Nousiainen, M. A1 - Sawal, G. A1 - Buzoianu, M. A1 - Philipp, Rosemarie T1 - An interlaboratory comparison on whole water samples JF - Accreditation and Quality Assurance N2 - The European Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC requires monitoring of organic priority pollutants in so-called whole water samples, i.e. in aqueous nonfiltered samples that contain natural colloidal and suspended particulate matter. Colloids and suspended particles in the liquid phase constitute a challenge for sample homogeneity and stability. Within the joint research project ENV08 ‘‘Traceable measurements for monitoring critical pollutants under the European Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC’’, whole water test materials were developed by spiking defined amounts of aqueous slurries of ultrafinely milled contaminated soil or sediment and aqueous solutions of humic acid into a natural mineral water matrix. This paper presents the results of an European-wide interlaboratory comparison (ILC) using this type of test materials. Target analytes were tributyltin, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ng/L concentration range. Results of the ILC indicate that the produced materials are sufficiently homogeneous and stable to serve as samples for, e.g. proficiency testing or method validation. To our knowledge, this is the first time that ready-to-use water materials with a defined amount of suspended particulate and colloidal matter have been applied as test samples in an interlaboratory exercise. These samples meet the requirements of the European Water Framework Directive. Previous proficiency testing schemes mainly employed filtered water samples fortified with a spike of the target analyte in a water-miscible organic solvent. KW - Water Framework Directive KW - Wasserrahmenrichtlinie KW - Interlaboratory comparison KW - Ringversuch KW - Whole water sample KW - Gesamtwasserprobe PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-015-1190-8 SN - 0949-1775 SN - 1432-0517 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 121 EP - 129 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-35730 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elordui-Zapatarietxe, S. A1 - Fettig, Ina A1 - Richter, Janine A1 - Philipp, Rosemarie A1 - Vanermen, G. A1 - Monteyne, E. A1 - Boom, G. A1 - Emteborg, H. T1 - Preparation and evaluation of sufficiently homogeneous and stable reference materials for priority hazardous substances in whole water JF - Accreditation and Quality Assurance N2 - We have prepared and evaluated three whole water test materials containing eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), six polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and tributyltin (TBT) with respect to homogeneity and short-term stability. The test materials were used as samples in two inter-laboratory comparisons. The materials were composed of natural mineral water and model suspended particulate matter (SPM) containing the target compounds at ng L-1 levels. The expanded uncertainty of the estimated mass concentrations in the final test materials was obtained by combining contributions from the homogeneity, the stability and the model SPM characterization. The whole water materials were sufficiently homogeneous and stable at 4 °C for their intended use. In total, 12 out of 15 investigated target parameters could be assessed to be present with a relative combined expanded uncertainty below 25 %. The outcome of the two interlaboratory comparisons confirmed the good quality of the test materials and the level of uncertainties associated with the estimated mass concentrations. These findings are an important contribution towards the development of whole water matrix reference materials certified for PAH, PBDE and TBT in support of the Water Framework Directive of the European Union. KW - Reference material KW - Referenzmaterial KW - Water Framework Directive KW - Wasserrahmenrichtlinie KW - Whole water sample KW - Gesamtwasserprobe PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-015-1189-1 SN - 0949-1775 SN - 1432-0517 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 113 EP - 120 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-35728 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fettig, Ina A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - Traceability for mercury measurements T2 - European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry (EWCPS) 2015 T2 - European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry (EWCPS) 2015 CY - Münster DA - 2015-02-22 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35025 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fettig, Ina A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - Traceability for mercury measurements T2 - CANAS - Colloquium Analytische Atomspektroskopie T2 - CANAS - Colloquium Analytische Atomspektroskopie CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 2015-03-08 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35024 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fettig, Ina A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - Quecksilberanalytik nach den Anforderungen der Wasserrahmenrichtlinie T2 - Anakon 2015 T2 - Anakon 2015 CY - Graz, Austria DA - 2015-03-23 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35023 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elordui-Zapatarietxe, S. A1 - Fettig, Ina A1 - Richter, Janine A1 - Philipp, Rosemarie A1 - Gantois, F. A1 - Lalère, B. A1 - Swart, C. A1 - Emteborg, H. T1 - Interaction of 15 priority substances for water monitoring at ng L-1 levels with glass, aluminium and fluorinated polyethylene bottles for the containment of water reference materials JF - Accreditation and quality assurance N2 - Certified water reference materials are currently not available for most of the hydrophobic organic pollutants listed in the EU Water Framework Directive. To find the most suitable container type for subsequent reference material productions, feasibility studies for the preparation of waters with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and tributyltin (TBT) close to environmental quality standards in water have been performed. Due to the hydrophobic nature of these compounds and their tendency to adsorb onto container walls, an adequate selection of the most appropriate material for containment, storage and transport of water reference materials is crucial. Three different materials (aluminium, amber glass and fluorinated polyethylene, FPE) and three volumes (500/600 mL, 1000/1200 mL and 2000/3000 mL, depending on commercial availability) were tested at ng L-1 level of the target compounds. FPE shows by far the highest loss of analytes due to adsorption onto the container walls for all compounds studied. Aluminium and glass are equally suited for PAHs and PBDEs, but aluminium is unsuitable as container material for TBT due to acid cleaning requirements. The volume of the containers had no dramatic effect on the adsorption behaviour of target compounds for the different volumes tested. KW - Water framework directive KW - Reference materials KW - Hydrophobic organic pollutants KW - Bottles KW - Adsorption KW - Glass KW - Aluminium KW - Fluorinated polyethylene PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-015-1150-3 SN - 0949-1775 SN - 1432-0517 VL - 20 IS - 6 SP - 447 EP - 455 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-34946 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fettig, Ina A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Alasonati, E. A1 - Swart, C. A1 - Koschorreck, J. A1 - Fisicaro, P. T1 - Method development for mercury specification in biota T2 - SETAC GLB "Ökotoxikologie und Umweltchemie" T2 - SETAC GLB "Ökotoxikologie und Umweltchemie" CY - Zürich DA - 2015-09-07 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34904 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Deubel, Jan A1 - Werrel, Martin A1 - Fettig, Ina A1 - Raspe, Tina T1 - Experimental studies on the effect of fire accelerants during living room fires and detection of ignitable liquids in fire debris JF - Fire and materials N2 - Reconstructing the course of a fire and performing chemical analysis of ignitable liquids in fire debris is an important tool to conduct fire investigations in suspected arson cases. Here, a total of five fire tests has been performed to investigate the effect of fire accelerants on the fire development of a room fire and to prove the capability of analytical methods. Different experimental scenarios have been realized (no accelerant, accelerant applied at different positions, and different amounts of fire accelerant). Each test room was equipped with an identical set of living room furnishing. The location and amount of the fire accelerant applied löschen varied in four of five tests. One experiment was carried out without fire accelerant. Fire quantities such as mass loss (of the entire room), gas temperatures (at several locations in the room), and heat release were determined during the experiments, and chemical-analytical studies were carried out. A headspace solid phase micro extraction procedure, using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, was used to analyze fire debris samples to potentially detect ignitable liquids. Beside the analysis of fire debris samples, swipe soot samples were analyzed and the detectability of the fire accelerant used was demonstrated. Results show that it is possible to provide evidence of ignitable liquids in soot samples collected from walls. This allows an additional sampling strategy at potential crime scenes, besides taking fire debris samples. KW - Fire behavior KW - Room fire test KW - Heat release KW - Temperatures KW - Fire debris KW - Ignitable liquids KW - Solid phase microextraction KW - Gas chromatography PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2263 SN - 0308-0501 SN - 1099-1018 VL - 39 IS - 7 SP - 636 EP - 646 PB - Heyden CY - London AN - OPUS4-34550 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Janine A1 - Fettig, Ina A1 - Philipp, Rosemarie A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert T1 - Tributyltin - critical pollutant in whole water samples - development of traceable measurement methods for monitoring under the European water framework directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC JF - Environmental science and pollution research N2 - Tributyltin is listed as one of the priority substances in the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Despite its decreasing input in the environment, it is still present and has to be monitored. In the European Metrology Research Programme project ENV08, a sensitive and reliable analytical method according to the WFD was developed to quantify this environmental pollutant at a very low limit of quantification. With the development of such a primary reference method for tributyltin, the project helped to improve the quality and comparability of monitoring data. An overview of project aims and potential analytical tools is given. KW - Tributyltin KW - European Water Framework Directive KW - Whole water body KW - Reference method PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4614-4 SN - 0944-1344 SN - 1614-7499 VL - 22 IS - 13 SP - 9589 EP - 9594 PB - Springer CY - Berlin; Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-33734 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elordui-Zapatarietxe, S. A1 - Fettig, Ina A1 - Philipp, Rosemarie A1 - Gantois, F. A1 - Lalère, B. A1 - Swart, C. A1 - Petrov, P. A1 - Goenaga-Infante, H. A1 - Vanermen, G. A1 - Boom, G. A1 - Emteborg, H. T1 - Novel concepts for preparation of reference materials as whole water samples for priority substances at nanogram-per-liter level using model suspended particulate matter and humic acids JF - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry N2 - One of the unresolved issues of the European Water Framework Directive is the unavailability of realistic water reference materials for the organic priority pollutants at low nanogram-per-liter concentrations. In the present study, three different types of ready-to-use water test materials were developed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and tributyltin (TBT) at nanogram-per-liter levels. The first type simulated the dissolved phase in the water and comprised of a solution of humic acids (HA) at 5 mg L-1 dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and a spike of the target compounds. The second type of water sample incorporated the particulate phase in water. To this end, model suspended particulate matter (SPM) with a realistic particle size was produced by jet milling soil and sediments containing known amounts of PAHs, PBDEs and TBT and added as slurry to mineral water. The most complex test materials mimicked 'whole water' consequently containing both phases, the model SPM and the HA solution with the target analytes strongly bound to the SPM. In this paper, the development of concepts, processing of the starting materials, characterisation of the HA and model SPMs as well as results for homogeneity and stability testing of the ready-to-use test materials are described in detail. KW - Slurry KW - PBDE KW - PAH KW - TBT KW - Reference materials KW - Suspended particulate matter KW - Whole water KW - Water Framework Directive PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8349-8 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 407 IS - 11 SP - 3055 EP - 3067 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-33087 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -