TY - JOUR A1 - Baesso, Ilaria A1 - Karl, D. A1 - Spitzer, Andrea A1 - Gurlo, A. A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Characterization of powder flow behavior for additive manufacturing N2 - The flow behavior of powders has an essential role in many industrial processes, including powder bed additive manufacturing. The characterization of the flow behavior is challenging, as different methods are available, and their suitability for an application in additive manufacturing is still controversial. In this study, six standardized methods (measurement of bulk density by ISO 60 and by ASTM B329, angle of repose by ISO 4324, discharge time by ISO 6186 and by ASTM B964-16, and Hausner Ratio by ASTM 7481 – 18), the rotating drum method (by GranuDrum) and powder rheometry (Anton Paar powder cell), were applied to five size fractions of a crushed quartz sand powder and compared. A statistical approach is proposed and discussed to correlate the obtained flowability indexes with the packing density of powder beds deposited layer-by-layer, and these correlations are compared between methods. Overall, the measurement of bulk density by ASTM B329 that showed the best correlation with the powder bed density. Advanced methods such as the rotating drum method and powder rheometry did not demonstrate particularly good correlations, however they provided complementary information which can be useful to assess the dynamic behavior of powders. KW - Powder flow KW - Flowability KW - Powder bed additive manufacturing KW - Powder rheology PY - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102250 SN - 2214-8604 VL - 47 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-53229 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Zocca, Andrea A1 - Spitzer, Andrea A1 - Benemann, Sigrid A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Li, Y. A1 - Waske, Anja A1 - Funk, Alexander A1 - Wilgig, Janka A1 - Günster, Jens T1 - Searching for biological feedstock material: 3D printing of wood particles from house borer and drywood termite frass N2 - Frass (fine powdery refuse or fragile perforated wood produced by the activity of boring insects) of larvae of the European house borer (EHB) and of drywood termites was tested as a natural and novel feedstock for 3D-printing of wood-based materials. Small particles produced by the drywood termite Incisitermes marginipennis and the EHB Hylotrupes bajulus during feeding in construction timber, were used. Frass is a powdery material of particularly consistent quality that is essentially biologically processed wood mixed with debris of wood and faeces. The filigree-like particles flow easily permitting the build-up of woodbased structures in a layer wise fashion using the Binder Jetting printing process. The Quality of powders produced by different insect species was compared along with the processing steps and properties of the printed parts. Drywood termite frass with a Hausner Ratio HR = 1.1 with ρBulk = 0.67 g/cm3 and ρTap = 0.74 g/cm3 was perfectly suited to deposition of uniformly packed layers in 3D printing. We suggest that a variety of naturally available feedstocks could be used in environmentally responsible approaches to scientific material sciences/additive manufacturing. KW - 3D printing KW - X-ray tomographic KW - SEM micrography KW - Drywood termite PY - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-521517 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - e0246511 AN - OPUS4-52151 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gildenhaar, Renate A1 - Berger, Georg A1 - Lehmann, Erhard A1 - Spitzer, Andrea ED - Kim, Sukyoung T1 - Preparation of calcium alkali phosphate implants by 3D-printing T2 - 22nd International symposium on ceramics in medicine (Bioceramics 22) CY - Daegu, Korea DA - 2009-10-26 KW - Bone substitute material KW - Calcium alkali phosphate KW - Resorbable bioceramics KW - 3D-printing process KW - Bending strength PY - 2009 SP - 71 EP - 74 AN - OPUS4-20288 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Berger, Georg A1 - Acil, Y. A1 - Jepsen, S. A1 - Spitzer, Andrea ED - Ohgushi, H. T1 - Rapidly resorbable and spongiosa-like dicalcium potassium sodium phosphate glass-ceramics for three-dimensional cultivation of human osteoblast-like cells PY - 1999 SN - 981-024099-6 N1 - Serientitel: Bioceramics – Series title: Bioceramics IS - 12 SP - 233 EP - 236 PB - World Scientific CY - Singapore AN - OPUS4-19147 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gross, U. A1 - Müller-Mai, C. A1 - Voigt, C. A1 - Berger, Georg A1 - Spitzer, Andrea T1 - In Vivo Tests of a Highly Porous Rapidly Resorbable Dicalcium Potassium Sodium Phosphate Glass-Ceramics N2 - Glass-ceramics containing Ca2KNa(PO4)2 as the main crystalline phase have a solubility which is 8 times higher than that of alpha-tricalcium phosphate ceramics. When using these compositions in drug delivery systems, especially in bone, it is necessary to create a material with a high open porosity. A Ca2KNa(PO4)2-based glass-ceramic was prepared from a borosilicate glass melt. The processed material includes minor amounts of boron which are low enough for medical application. Tissue response was studied using an animal model. Particles were implanted in rabbit femurs. Bone and soft tissue development occurred at the particle interfaces. In general, most particles were enclosed in the network of trabecular bone. The advantages of using a biomaterial with high porosity (pore size of 1-3 micron), together with rapid biodegradation, bioactivity and biocompatibility, despite traces of boron, were shown. 4 refs. T2 - 14th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine CY - Palm Springs, CA, USA DA - 2001-11-14 PY - 2002 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.218-220.307 SN - 1013-9826 VL - 218-220 SP - 307 EP - 310 PB - Trans Tech Publ. CY - Aedermannsdorf AN - OPUS4-1935 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berger, Georg A1 - Acil, Y. A1 - Jepsen, S. A1 - Spitzer, Andrea T1 - Rapidly resorbable and spongiosa-like dicalcium potassium sodium phosphate glass-ceramics for three-dimensional cultivation of human osteoblast-like cells T2 - 14th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine ; Annual meeting of the International Society for Ceramics in Medicine CY - Palm Springs, CA, USA DA - 2001-11-14 PY - 2002 UR - http://www.scientific.net/1013-9826/ SN - 1013-9826 VL - 218-220 SP - 233 EP - 236 PB - Trans Tech Publ. CY - Aedermannsdorf AN - OPUS4-1934 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jäger, Christian A1 - Pauli, Jutta A1 - Berger, Georg A1 - Spitzer, Andrea T1 - Entwicklung neuartiger Knochenersatzwerkstoffe und strukturelle Charakterisierung mittels der 31P-NMR-Spektroskopie T2 - Tagung "Tag der Chemie" CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2002-12-04 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-1900 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gross, U. A1 - Müller-Mai, C. A1 - Voigt, C. A1 - Berger, Georg A1 - Spitzer, Andrea T1 - In vivo test of a high porous rapidly resorbable dicalcium potassium sodium phosphate glass-ceramics T2 - 14th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine ; Annual meeting of the International Society for Ceramics in Medicine 2001 CY - Palm Springs, CA, USA DA - 2001-11-14 PY - 2002 SN - 1013-9826 VL - 218-220 SP - 307 EP - 310 PB - Trans Tech Publ. CY - Aedermannsdorf AN - OPUS4-1893 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -