TY - JOUR A1 - Fittschen, U.E.A. A1 - Möckel, R. A1 - Schreiner, M. A1 - klinger, M. A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Meyer, B. A1 - Guhl, S. A1 - Renno, A. A1 - Godinho, J. A1 - Gloaguen, R. A1 - Gutzmer, J. T1 - Bundling analytical capacities to understand phase formation in recycling of functional materials N2 - Transitioning from combustion engine-driven transportation to e-mobility demands a paradigm shift – from a system geared to maximize energy efficiency (i.e. fuel consumption) to a system that may be constrained by the availability of high technology (critical) metals required for electrical energy storage systems and drives. In the wake of these developments efforts in securing new resources of these metals from recycling of end-of-life products are increasing steadily. Recycling of Li-Ion batteries has recently been evaluated. The results pinpoint to a critical need for understanding slag Formation and its dependence on metal components like Mn under extreme conditions. This will allow researchers to predict optimal Operation setting and to react quickly to changing market demands (which may be Li or Co at one point but may also shift to Ni or rare earth elements (REE)). The long-term goal is to control the formation of specific phases in slags allowing for a Maximum yield of elements of interest and optimal recovery in the separation processes that follows. The combination of data on the physical micro structure and local chemistry of the multi-Phase products during and after processing will help to understand and derive thermodynamic and kinetic data on its formation. In this paper we are giving an overview on the analytical challenges and approaches to provide robust data on local element concentration and species (especially Mn which is a common component of next generation Li-ion batteries cathodes), spanning the dimensions from the nanometer scale to the bulk material. The complementary interactions of X-rays and electrons make them ideal probes to collect Interface and “in-depth” information. Before- and -after studies as well as in situ structural changes and Phase (trans)formation, changes in elemental and elemental species (e.g. oxidation state) distribution may be tracked by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence microscopy and X-ray Absorption spectroscopy. The application of such advanced analytical tools will not only provide essential clues during early lab-based experiments towards the development of new recycling technologies, but may also be deployed for on-line and in-line monitoring of industrial processes. KW - Synchrotron KW - XANES KW - Slags KW - Battery PY - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.959.183 SN - 1662-9752 VL - 959 SP - 183 EP - 190 PB - Trans Tech Publ. AN - OPUS4-48900 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schreiner, M. A1 - Krumbein, A. A1 - Rohn, S. A1 - Kittler, Katrin A1 - Hoffmann, Holger A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Maul, Ronald T1 - Enhanced LC-MS/MS-Analysis of Cylindrospermopsin in Plant and Freshwater Matrices Using the Stable Isotope Dilution Assay T2 - RAFA 2013 CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2013-11-05 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29484 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schreiner, M. A1 - Krumbein, A. A1 - Rohn, S. A1 - Kittler, Katrin A1 - Hoffmann, H. A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Maul, Ronald T1 - Entwicklung eines HPLC-MS/MS basierten Isotopenverdünnungsverfahrens zur Quantifizierung des Cyanotoxins Cylindrospermopsin in Brassica-Arten T2 - Deutscher Lebensmittelchemikertag CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-09-16 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29127 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kittler, Katrin A1 - Schreiner, M. A1 - Krumbein, A. A1 - Rohn, S. A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Maul, Ronald T1 - Detection of the Cyanotoxin Cylindrospermopsin in Brassica Species T2 - JCF Frühjahrssymposium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-03-06 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-27833 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kittler, Katrin A1 - Schreiner, M. A1 - Krumbein, A. A1 - Rohn, S. A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Maul, Ronald T1 - Resorption des Cyanotoxins Cylindrospermopsin durch Brassica-Arten T2 - Regionalverbandstagung Nordost CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-03-14 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-27832 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rodrigues, M. A1 - Schreiner, M. A1 - Melcher, M. A1 - Guerra, M. A1 - Salomon, J. A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Alram, M. A1 - Schindel, N. T1 - Analysis of the hoard of Becin using X-ray-based techniques N2 - Four hundred and sixteen silver coins stemming from the Ottoman Empire (16th and 17th centuries) were analyzed to confirm the fineness of the coinage as well as to study the provenance of the alloy used for the coins. As most of the coins showed the typical green patina on their surfaces due to corrosion processes that have led to the depletion of copper in the near surface domains of the silver coins in comparison to their core composition, small samples had to be taken, embedded in synthetic resin, and cross sectioned to investigate the true-heart metal composition. µ-synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence analysis and µ-proton-induced X-ray emission were applied to determine the silver contents as well as the minor and trace elements. The type of the alloy was investigated as well as if coins minted in different locations demonstrated homogeneous traits concerning the predominant impurities (Au and Bi), which could suggest a common ore. Finally, energy-dispersive microanalysis in a scanning electron microscope was applied to study the homogeneity/heterogeneity of the coins and the presence of surface enrichments and to explain differences between the µ-synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence analysis and µ-proton-induced X-ray emission measurements concerning the main component. In general, the silver content of the analyzed specimen varies between 90 and 95%. These outcomes have not supported the historical interpretations, which predict that during the period studied, a debasement of approximately 44% of the silver content of the coins should have occurred. KW - SRXRF KW - Silber KW - BAMline PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.2415 SN - 0049-8246 VL - 41 IS - 6 SP - 416 EP - 424 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-27723 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schreiner, M. A1 - Krumbein, A. A1 - Manzei, St. A1 - Rohn, S. A1 - Kittler, Katrin A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Maul, Ronald T1 - Nachweis der Resorption des Cyanotoxins Cylindrospermopsin durch Brassica-Arten T2 - Deutscher Lebensmittelchemikertag 2012 CY - Münster, Germany DA - 2012-09-10 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-26494 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kittler, Katrin A1 - Schreiner, M. A1 - Krumbein, A. A1 - Manzei, S. A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Rohn, S. A1 - Maul, Ronald T1 - Uptake of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin in brassica vegetables N2 - Toxin-producing cyanobacterial species are increasingly being found in freshwater systems. However, literature on the impact of many cyanobacterial toxins on plants is scarce. Cylindrospermosin (CYN), a secondary metabolite of cyanobacteria such as Cylindrospermopsis and Aphanizomenon species, is a potent hepatotoxin and protein synthesis inhibitor. Worryingly, CYN is increasingly found in surface and drinking water worldwide causing human and animal intoxications. Further, exposure of crop plants to CYN by irrigation with contaminated water has already been shown. Therefore, in this study, horticulturally important and highly consumed Brassica species were investigated to determine the level of CYN in the leaves after exposure of the roots to the toxin. Treatment of Brassica oleracea var. sabellica, Brassica juncea, and Sinapis alba under varying experimental conditions showed significant CYN uptake, with CYN levels ranging from 10% to 21% in the leaves compared to the CYN concentration applied to the roots (18–35 µg/l). In seedlings, CYN concentrations of up to 49 µg/g fresh weight were observed. Thus, crop plants irrigated with CYN-containing water may represent a significant source of this toxin within the food chain. KW - Cylindrospermopsin KW - Plant systemic availability KW - Cyanobacterial toxin KW - Brassicaceae KW - Exposure source PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.107 SN - 0308-8146 VL - 133 IS - 3 SP - 875 EP - 879 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ; Jena AN - OPUS4-25730 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rodrigues, M. A1 - Schreiner, M. A1 - Melcher, M. A1 - Guerra, M. A1 - Salomon, J. A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Alram, M. A1 - Schindel, N. T1 - Characterization of the silver coins of the Hoard of Becin by x-ray based methods N2 - Four hundred sixteen silver coins stemming from the Ottoman Empire (16th and 17th centuries) were analyzed in order to confirm the fineness of the coinage as well as to study the provenance of the alloy used for the coins. As most of the coins showed the typical green patina on their surfaces due to corrosion processes which have led to the depletion of copper in the near-surface domains of the silver coins in comparison to their core composition, small samples by cutting splinters from the coins had to be taken, embedded in synthetic resin and cross-sectioned in order to investigate the true-heart metal composition. The type of the alloy was investigated as well as if coins minted in different locations demonstrated homogeneous traits concerning the predominant impurities which could suggest a common ore. Several X-ray based techniques (µ-XRF, µ-SRXRF and µ-PIXE) could be applied in order to determine the silver contents as well as the minor and trace elements. Finally, SEM/EDX was applied in order to study the homogeneity/heterogeneity of the coins and the presence of surface enrichments. In general, the silver content of the analyzed specimen varies between 90% and 95%. These outcomes have not supported the historical interpretations, which predict that during the period studied a debasement of approximately 44% of the silver content of the coins should have occurred. KW - PIXE KW - SRXRF KW - SEM/EDX KW - Silver coins PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2011.04.068 SN - 0168-583X SN - 1872-9584 VL - 269 IS - 24 SP - 3041 EP - 3045 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-25289 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rodrigues, M. A1 - Cappa, F. A1 - Schreiner, M. A1 - Ferloni, P. A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Reinholz, Uwe A1 - Woytek, B. A1 - Alram, M. T1 - Further metallurgical analyses on silver coins of Trajan (AD 98-117) N2 - Within an interdisciplinary project, preliminary results of which were published in 2007, a group of 65 silver coins (denarii) of Trajan, evenly distributed over the entire span of his reign (2nd to 6th consulate), as well as 3 coins from the reign of his predecessor, the emperor Nerva (AD 96–98), had been acquired on the coin market. These pieces could be cross-sectioned in order to carry out analyses. Measurements were performed with µ-XRF and µ-SRXRF to check the fineness of the denarius alloy as well as to investigate if the coins of the different consulates showed distinct traits concerning the main impurities which could suggest a change of ore sources. Furthermore, it was examined whether the influx of precious metals into the Roman treasury after Trajan's Dacian campaigns (AD 101/102 and 105/106) could have had any repercussions on the composition of the denarius alloy; comparative data was provided by the analysis of nine imitations of Roman Republican denarii presumably struck in Dacia. Documentation of the cross-sections was performed with SEM/EDX in order to clarify details concerning the specific microstructure of the coins. An enrichment of Ag of approx. 100 to 200 µm in the near surface regions of most of the coins could be observed, which is due to corrosion effects. Previous metallographic analyses done by several scholars had been inadequate to clarify the central numismatic and economic questions. With the presented analyses, it was possible to correct the results of the earlier research and to provide, for the first time, a secure basis of data for the investigation of the development of the silver alloy used for denarii in Trajan's reign. PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0ja00252f SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 26 IS - 5 SP - 873 EP - 1100 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-23623 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -