TY - JOUR A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Biermann, Vera A1 - Segebade, Christian A1 - Hedrich, Martina T1 - Behaviour of uranium in hydroxyapatite-bearing permeable reactive barriers: investigation using 237U as a radioindicator JF - The science of the total environment N2 - This study was undertaken to investigate the long-term performance of hydroxyapatite (HAP) as reactive material for the removal of uranium in passive groundwater remediation systems. 237U used as a radioindicator enabled tracking the movement of the contamination front through a test column without taking samples or dismantling the apparatus. The stoichiometric ratio between uranium and HAP was found to be 1:(487±19). Uranium removal by HAP is of pseudo first-order kinetics and the rate constant was measured to be (1.1±0.1)×10-3 s-1. HAP can sorb more than 2900 mg/kg uranium. Possible reaction pathways of uranium and HAP are discussed. The data obtained enable the calculation of ideal lifetime for permeable reactive barriers (PRB) using HAP for uranium removal neglecting hydrological factors that may impair the function of PRBs. KW - Uranium KW - Permeable reactive barriers KW - Radioindicator KW - Hydroxyapatite PY - 2004 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.005 SN - 0048-9697 VL - 326 IS - 1-3 SP - 249 EP - 256 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-3741 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Segebade, Christian A1 - Hedrich, Martina T1 - Behaviour of uranium in iron-bearing permeable reactive barriers: investigation with 237U as a radioindicator JF - The science of the total environment N2 - This study was undertaken to investigate the long-term performance of elemental iron as reactive material for the removal of uranium in passive groundwater remediation systems. By using 237U as a radioindicator it was possible to track the movement of the contamination front through a test column without taking samples or dismantling the apparatus. The stoichiometric ratio between uranium and iron was found to be 1:(1390±62). The reaction between iron and uranium is of pseudo first-order kinetics and the rate constant was measured to be (1.1±0.09)×10-3 s-1. These data enable the calculation of ideal lifetime for permeable reactive barriers (PRB) using iron for uranium removal neglecting hydrological factors that may impair the function of PRBs. KW - Uranium KW - Permeable reactive barriers KW - Radioindicator PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00548-X SN - 0048-9697 VL - 307 SP - 231 EP - 238 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-2498 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Görner, Wolf A1 - Berger, Achim A1 - Ecker, Klaus A1 - Haase, Oskar A1 - Hedrich, Martina A1 - Segebade, Christian A1 - Weidemann, Gerd A1 - Dudek, Gabriele T1 - Broad band application of combined instrumental photon and neutron activation analysis JF - Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry PY - 2001 SN - 0236-5731 SN - 1588-2780 SN - 1417-2097 N1 - Geburtsname von Dudek, Gabriele: Wermann, G. - Birth name of Dudek, Gabriele: Wermann, G. VL - 248 IS - 1 SP - 45 EP - 52 PB - Elsevier Sequoia CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-11229 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weise, Hans-Peter A1 - Görner, Wolf A1 - Hedrich, Martina T1 - Determination of elements by nuclear analytical methods JF - Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry N2 - Zusammenfassung The working principle of nuclear analytical methods (NAMs) is not influenced by the chemical bond. Consequently, they are independent counterparts to the well-known chemical procedures. NAMs obey fundamental laws or can be described and understood thoroughly. This qualifies them as candidates for reference methods. Although following similar nuclear reaction schemes, they comprise bulk analyzing capability (neutron and photon activation analysis) as well as detection power in surface near regions of solids (ion beam techniques). Prominent features of NAMs are sensitivity, selectivity, multielement determination and linearity of the calibration function covering a concentration range of several orders of magnitude. Moreover, ion beam techniques allow depth profiling with nm-resolution in several cases while the ion microprobe additionally offers a lateral resolution in the wm-scale. As NAMs require expensive apparatus (nuclear reactor, accelerator in radioactive control areas) their availability is restricted to a small number of suitably equipped institutes. However, they are able to solve complex analytical tasks, take part in key comparisons and play an essential role in the certification of reference materials. KW - Nuclear Analytical Methods PY - 2001 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s002160000626 SN - 0937-0633 VL - 369 IS - 1 SP - 8 EP - 14 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-843 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hedrich, Martina A1 - Berger, Achim A1 - Segebade, Christian A1 - Dudzus, Thomas A1 - Haase, Oskar T1 - Importance of ActivationAnalysis in Certifying Reference Materials - Condemned, Forgotten or Esteemed? T2 - 11. Internationale Konferenz "Modern Trends on Activation analysis" (MTAA-11) T2 - 11. Internationale Konferenz "Modern Trends on Activation analysis" (MTAA-11) CY - Guildford, England DA - 2004-06-20 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-3592 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Dudzus, Thomas A1 - Meier, Klaus A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Hedrich, Martina A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Measurement of oxygen and nitrogen in high purity metals used as national standards for elemental analysis in Germany by classical carrier gas hot extraction (HE) and HE after activation with photons JF - Materials transactions N2 - The special importance of the analysis of non-metals in high purity metals, which will serve as national standards for elemental analysis in Germany, is illustrated for oxygen and nitrogen. The typical range of the mass fraction of oxygen and nitrogen in these materials is below 10.MU.g/g, often close to 1.MU.g/g. The two methods applied at BAM for these measurements are classical carrier gas hot extraction (HE) and carrier gas hot extraction after activation with photons (PAA-HE). The approach, the methods and their advantages and limitations are discussed. Comparative results from the measurement of oxygen and nitrogen in Cu, Fe, Ga, Pb, Sn and W are presented. (author abst.) T2 - 8th International Conference on Ultra-High Purity Base Metals (UHPM-2001) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2001-06-25 KW - Oxygen determination KW - Nitrogen determination KW - High purity metals KW - Carrier gas hot extraction KW - Photon activation analysis PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.43.98 SN - 1345-9678 SN - 1347-5320 VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 98 EP - 100 PB - Japan Institute of Metals CY - Sendai AN - OPUS4-1361 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bettencourt da Silva, R. A1 - Bulska, E. A1 - Godlewska-Zytkiewicz, B. A1 - Hedrich, Martina A1 - Majcen, N. A1 - Magnusson, B. A1 - Marincic, S. A1 - Papadakis, I. A1 - Patriarca, M. A1 - Vassileva, E. A1 - Taylor, P. ED - Majcen, N. ED - Gegevicius, V. T1 - Measurement uncertainty and statistics T2 - Analytical measurement: measurement uncertainty and statistics N2 - TrainMiC® is a European programme for lifelong learning on how to interpret the metrological requirements in chemistry. It is operational across many parts of Europe via national teams. These teams use shareware pedagogic tools which have been harmonised at European level through the joint effort of many experts across Europe working as an editorial board. The material has been translated into 14 different languages. This report includes four TrainMiC® presentations: 1. Uncertainty of measurement — Part I Principles; 2. Uncertainty of measurement — Part II Approaches to evaluation; 3. Statistics for analytical chemistry — Part I; and 4. Statistics for analytical chemistry — Part II KW - Chemistry KW - Statistical method KW - Scientific research KW - Materials technology KW - Research report KW - Measurement uncertainty KW - Statistics PY - 2013 SN - 978-92-79-23070-7 DO - https://doi.org/10.2787/5825 SN - 1018-5593 IS - JRC 68476 SP - Chapter 1-4, 19-230 AN - OPUS4-32534 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Segebade, Christian A1 - Hedrich, Martina T1 - Non - destructive process control T2 - 9. ECNDT 2006 T2 - 9. ECNDT 2006 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-13878 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hedrich, Martina A1 - Görner, Wolf A1 - Segebade, Christian A1 - Giese, L T1 - Recycling of Photovoltaic CdTe- Modules T2 - European Metallurgical Conference T2 - European Metallurgical Conference CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2005-09-18 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11704 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hedrich, Martina A1 - Giese, Lutz A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Haase, Oskar A1 - Segebade, Christian T1 - Recycling of Photovoltaic CdTe-Modules - Analytical Process Monitoring T2 - Proceedings / EMC 2005, European Metaalurgical Conference N2 - Along with the globally increasing energy demand the application of renewable energy sources is urgently required. According to national regulations and international treaties (e.g. Kyoto Protocol) these sources shall be sustainably available at reasonable financial effort and non-polluting during production, use and waste treatment. Using photovoltaic sources (PV), these requirements can clearly be met. All industry has to follow the best available technology and an integrative life cycle approach for their products and production. PV thin film technology strictly responds to this obligation. In order to save material resources and to minimise undesirable landfill recycling of spent PV modules is necessary. Recycling of multi-component materials containing mixed metals typically consists of three parts: liberation, separation, and recovery. In our study (RESOLVED – an EU Demonstration Project) the focus is on liberation and separation. The converting layer (CdTe) was liberated (removed) from the glass carrier by sandblasting and separated subsequently from the blast material (e.g. corundum) and other components using stepwise different separation techniques. Both the glass substrate and CdTe are subject to re-use. The overall feasibility of the recycling process is primarily governed by the efficiency of the procedure applied to the separation of CdTe from the rest (blasting material, glass residues, etc.). This was performed by water-based flotation. Several flotation procedures were studied regarding their separation yields. The distribution of CdTe in the phases involved (flotate, water, residue) was measured using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRS) intended for future routine application and by instrumental large-volume photon activation analysis (IPAA) as a reference procedure. The results of both analytical methods were in satisfactory agreement. T2 - European Metallurgical Conference (EMC 2005) CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2005-09-18 KW - Photovoltaic (PV) KW - Solar energy KW - CdTe-Modules KW - Recycling KW - Separation techniques KW - Monitoring PY - 2005 SN - 3-935797-22-2 VL - 4 SP - 1687 EP - 1696 PB - GDMB-Medienverl. CY - Clausthal-Zellerfeld AN - OPUS4-11004 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -