TY - CONF A1 - Bertin, Annabelle T1 - Controlled self-assembly of Janus dendrimers via microfluidics N2 - Vesicles self-assembled in water from natural and synthetic phospholipids (liposomes), amphiphilic block copolymers (polymersomes), and more recently amphiphilic Janus dendrimers (dendrimersomes) -5 as hollow soft structures in the nano size regime have attracted increasing interest as they can mimic primitive and contemporary biological membranes, and can be configured into biomimetic nanocapsules with application in nanomedicine such as gene, proteins and drug carriers or theranostics. Compared to other amphiphilic structures, the molecular structure of Janus dendrimers can be precisely controlled: by using the vast range of tools from organic chemistry their size, architecture, density, generation as well as the number of end groups of the individual dendrons can be modified as desired. Unfortunately, the controlled production of supramolecular aggregates made thereof is still a challenging task. Conventional batch-based techniques such as the solvent injection method or the film hydration method typically go along with a lack of control over self assembly/mixing and thus over size, morphology and size distribution of the vesicles. The micromixer technology is a promising method for the controlled preparation of supramolecular assemblies as it allows control of mixing at microscale level. In addition, such microfluidic systems benefit from a high mixing efficiency, a low mixing time as well as from a reproducible and continuous production of soft nanoparticles. Herein, we report on the microfluidic-controlled self-assembly of Janus dendrimers as dendrimersomes and the impact of the mixing parameters on the self-assembly process. T2 - Invited talk Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF) CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 08.03.2018 KW - Vesicles KW - Janus dendrimers KW - Microfluidics PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44441 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertin, Annabelle T1 - Building macromolecular mimetics of cell constituents N2 - One of the holy grails in chemistry is to reconstitute some of life’s functions with or within synthetic materials. In this contribution, we demonstrate that “simple” macromolecular architectures such as dendritic amphiphiles, Janus dendrimers, thermoresponsive and hybrid organic-inorganic (co)polymers enable to mimic some of the functions of proteins for biomineralization, natural bactericides, biological membranes or the stimuli-responsive cytoskeleton. T2 - Chemiedozententagung 2018 CY - Jena, Germany DA - 05.03.2018 KW - UCST-type polymers KW - Bioinspiration KW - Thermoresponsive polymers PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44442 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertin, Annabelle A1 - Taabache, Soraya A1 - Bertin, Annabelle T1 - Dendritic Amphiphiles as Macromolecular Mimetics of Cellular Constituents N2 - One of the holy grails in chemistry is to reconstruct some of life’s functions within synthetic materials. In this contribution, we demonstrate that “simple” macromolecular architectures such as dendritic amphiphiles, Janus dendrimers, thermoresponsive and hybrid organic-inorganic (co)polymers enable to mimic some of the functions of proteins for biomineralization, natural bactericides, biological membranes or the stimuli-responsive cytoskeleton. T2 - Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) - Dpt. des Matériaux Organiques (DMO), invited talk by Prof. Laurent Douce CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 09.02.2018 KW - Dendritic amphiphile KW - Antibacterial properties KW - Vesicles KW - Microfluidic PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44146 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertin, Annabelle A1 - Asadujjaman, Asad A1 - Espinosa de Oliveira, T. A1 - Mukherji, D. T1 - Upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-type thermoresponsive polymers from monomers with hydrogen-bonding interactions N2 - UCST-type thermoresponsive polymers (i.e. that phase separate from solution upon cooling) present a tremendous potential not only in aqueous media with applications in the field of drug delivery, diagnostic and microfluidic applications, but also in water/alcohol mixtures, where they can be used for instance in sensing systems for alcohol-soluble drugs. However, only a few thermoresponsive polymers have been reported that present an UCST in a relevant temperature range and “green” solvents such as water or ethanol. In this context, acrylamide-based monomers can be very useful building blocks for designing novel non-ionic UCST-type polymers because of their hydrophilic nature (with the appropriate side chain) and propensity to form hydrogen bonds. We will present our latest results on the UCST-type thermoresponsive behaviour of acrylamide- and/or 2,6-diaminopyridine-based homopolymers and copolymers in water or water/alcohol mixtures, and give some insights about the rational design of UCST polymers relying on H-bonding. T2 - 7. Jahrestreffen der Seniorexperten Chemie CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 02.05.2018 KW - Thermoresponsive polymer KW - UCST-type polymer KW - Polyacrylamide KW - Water/alcohol mixtures PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44845 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertin, Annabelle A1 - Asadujjaman, A. A1 - Ahmadi, V. T1 - Upper Critical Solution Temperature (UCST)-type Thermoresponsive Polymers from Hydrogen-Bonding Monomers N2 - UCST-type thermoresponsive polymers (i.e. that phase separate from solution upon cooling) present a tremendous potential not only in aqueous media where they can be used in drug delivery, diagnostic and microfluidic applications,but also in water/alcohol mixtures, where they can be used for instance in sensing systems for alcohol-soluble drugs. However, only a few thermoresponsive polymers have been reported that present an UCST in a relevant temperature range and “green” solvents such as water or Ethanol. In this context, acrylamide-based monomers can be very useful building blocks for designing novel non-ionic UCST-type polymers because of their hydrophilic nature (with the appropriate side chain) and propensity to form hydrogen bonds. We will present our latest results on the UCST-type thermoresponsive behaviour of acrylamide- and/or 2,6-diaminopyridine-based homopolymers and copolymers in water or water/alcohol mixtures, and give some insights about the rational design of UCST polymers relying on H-bonding. T2 - Bordeaux Polymer Conference BPC 2018 CY - Bodeaux, France DA - 28.05.2018 KW - Acrylamide KW - Thermoresponsive polymer KW - UCST-type polymer KW - H-bonds KW - Diaminopyridine PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45155 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernges, T. A1 - Hanus, R. A1 - Wankmiller, B. A1 - Imasato, K. A1 - Lin, S. A1 - Ghidiu, M. A1 - Gerlitz, M. A1 - Peterlechner, M. A1 - Graham, S. A1 - Hautier, G. A1 - Pei, Y. A1 - Hansen, M. R. A1 - Wilde, G. A1 - Snyder, G. J. A1 - George, Janine A1 - Agne, M T. A1 - Zeier, W. G. T1 - Considering the Role of Ion Transport in Diffuson-Dominated Thermal Conductivity N2 - Next-generation thermal management requires the development of low lattice thermal conductivity materials, as observed in ionic conductors. For example, thermoelectric efficiency is increased when thermal conductivity is decreased. Detrimentally, high ionic conductivity leads to thermoelectric device degradation. Battery safety and design also require an understanding of thermal transport in ionic conductors. Ion mobility, structural complexity, and anharmonicity have been used to explain the thermal transport properties of ionic conductors. However, thermal and ionic transport are rarely discussed in direct comparison. Herein, the ionic conductivity of Ag+ argyrodites is found to change by orders of magnitude without altering the thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity measurements and two-channel lattice dynamics modeling reveal that the majority of Ag+ vibrations have a non-propagating diffuson-like character, similar to amorphous materials. It is found that high ionic mobility is not a requirement for diffuson-mediated transport. Instead, the same bonding and structural traits that can lead to fast ionic conduction also lead to diffuson-mediated transport. Bridging the fields of solid-state ionics and thermal transport, it is proposed that a vibrational perspective can lead to new design strategies for functional ionic conducting materials. As a first step, the authors relate the so-called Meyer-Neldel behavior in ionic conductors to phonon occupations. KW - Diffusons KW - DFT KW - Phonons KW - Thermoelectrics PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-547140 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202200717 SN - 1614-6832 VL - 12 IS - 22 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag AN - OPUS4-54714 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernardes, C. E. S. A1 - Feliciano, I.O. A1 - Naese, Christoph A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Minas da Piedade, M. T1 - Energetics of dehydroepiandrosterone polymorphs I and II from solution and drop-sublimation Calvet microcalorimetry measurements N2 - The lattice enthalpies and monotropic relationship of two dehydroepiandrosterone (DEHA) polymorphs (forms I and II) were evaluated through a combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), isothermal solution microcalorimetry, and drop-sublimation Calvet microcalorimetry experiments. The standard molar enthalpy of transition between both forms was determined as ΔtrsHom (II→I, 298.15 K) = - 0.90 ± 0.07 kJ mol-1 and ΔtrsHom (II→I, 417.8 K) = - 1.7 ± 1.0 kJ mol- 1, from measurements of standard molar enthalpies of solution in dimethyl sulfoxide and enthalpies of fusion, respectively. Drop-sublimation Calvet microcalorimetry experiments on form I led to ΔsubHom (cr I, 298.15 K) = 132.0±3.3 kJ mol - 1. This result, when combined with the more precise ΔtrsHom (II→I) value obtained by solution calorimetry, afforded ΔsubHom (cr II, 298.15 K) = 131.1±3.3 kJ mol - 1. The overall data indicate that on enthalpic grounds form I is more stable than form II from 298.15 K up to fusion. This conclusion, and the fact that DSC experiments indicated that form I has also a considerably higher temperature fusion, namely, Tfus(cr I)= 422.5±0.2 K and Tfus(cr II) = 413.1±0.2 K, suggest that the two polymorphs are monotropically related. KW - Calorimetry KW - Polymorphism KW - Enthalpy of solution KW - Enthalpy of sublimation KW - Thermochemistry KW - Lattice enthalpy PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2023.107137 SN - 0021-9614 SN - 1096-3626 VL - 186 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-58418 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bennet, Francesca A1 - Opitz, R. A1 - Ghoreishi, N. A1 - Plate, K. A1 - Barnes, J.-P. A1 - Bellew, A. A1 - Bellu, A. A1 - Ceccone, G. A1 - de Vito, E. A1 - Delcorte, A. A1 - Franquet, A. A1 - Fumageli, F. A1 - Gilliland, D. A1 - Jungnickel, H. A1 - Lee, T.G. A1 - Poleunis, C. A1 - Rading, D. A1 - Shon, H.K. A1 - Spampinato, V. A1 - Son, J.G. A1 - Wang, F. A1 - Wang, Y.-C. A. A1 - Zhao, Y. A1 - Roloff, A. A1 - Tentschert, J. A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - VAMAS TWA2 interlaboratory comparison: Surface analysis of TiO2 nanoparticles using ToF-SIMS N2 - Due to the extremely high specific surface area of nanoparticles and corresponding potential for adsorption, the results of surface analysis can be highly dependent on the history of the particles, particularly regarding sample preparation and storage. The sample preparation method has, therefore, the potential to have a significant influence on the results. This report describes an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) with the aim of assessing which sample preparation methods for ToF-SIMS analysis of nanoparticles provided the most intra- and interlaboratory consistency and the least amount of sample contamination. The BAM reference material BAM-P110 (TiO2 nanoparticles with a mean Feret diameter of 19 nm) was used as a sample representing typical nanoparticles. A total of 11 participants returned ToF-SIMS data,in positive and (optionally) negative polarity, using sample preparation methods of “stick-and-go” as well as optionally “drop-dry” and “spin-coat.” The results showed that the largest sources of variation within the entire data set were caused by adventitious hydrocarbon contamination or insufficient sample coverage, with the spin-coating protocol applied in this ILC showing a tendency toward insufficient sample coverage; the sample preparation method or the participant had a lesser influence on results. KW - Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry KW - VMAAS KW - Titania KW - Interlaboratory comparison KW - Reproducibility PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-582290 DO - https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0002814 SN - 0734-2101 VL - 41 IS - 5 SP - 053210-1 EP - 053210-13 PB - AIP (American Institute of Physics) AN - OPUS4-58229 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bennet, Francesca A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Hachenberger, Y. A1 - Jungnickel, H. A1 - Laue, P. A1 - Luch, A. A1 - Tentschert, J. T1 - Preparation of Nanoparticles for ToF-SIMS and XPS Analysis N2 - Nanoparticles have gained increasing attention in recent years due to their potential and application in different fields including medicine, cosmetics, chemistry, and their potential to enable advanced materials. To effectively understand and regulate the physico-chemical properties and potential adverse effects of nanoparticles, validated measurement procedures for the various properties of nanoparticles need to be developed. While procedures for measuring nanoparticle size and size Distribution are already established, standardized methods for analysis of their surface chemistry are not yet in place, although the influence of the surface chemistry on nanoparticle properties is undisputed. In particular, storage and preparation of nanoparticles for surface analysis strongly influences the analytical results from various methods, and in order to obtain consistent results, sample preparation must be both optimized and standardized. In this contribution, we present, in detail, some standard procedures for preparing nanoparticles for surface analytics. In principle, nanoparticles can be deposited on a suitable substrate from suspension or as a powder. Silicon (Si) Wafers are commonly used as substrate, however, their cleaning is critical to the process. For sample preparation from suspension, we will discuss drop-casting and spin-coating, where not only the cleanliness of the substrate and purity of the suspension but also its concentration play important roles for the success of the preparation methodology. For nanoparticles with sensitive ligand shells or coatings, deposition as powders is more suitable, although this method requires particular care in fixing the sample. KW - Titania nanoparticles KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Secondary ion mass spectrometry KW - Surface chemisttry PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-520103 UR - https://www.jove.com/video/61758 DO - https://doi.org/10.3791/61758 VL - 163 SP - e61758 AN - OPUS4-52010 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bennet, Francesca A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - BAM reference data - SEM raw data for the particles size distribution of Al-coated titania nanoparticles (JRCNM62001a and JRCNM62002a) N2 - SEM raw images of Al-coated titania nanoparticles (JRCNM62001 and JRCNM62002a) provided by the JRC repository are provided together with the particle size distribution of the minimum Feret Diameter extracted from the given images. KW - SEM KW - Titania nanoparticles KW - Particle size distribution KW - BAM reference data PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5007367 PB - Zenodo CY - Geneva AN - OPUS4-52836 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bennet, Francesca A1 - Burr, L. A1 - Schmid, D. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Towards a method for quantitative evaluation of nanoparticle from suspensions via microarray printing and SEM analysis N2 - As part of the development of a library of accurate and efficient methods for measurement of nanoparticle properties, we develop and optimize a method for the efficient analysis of nanoparticle size distribution from suspensions via microprinting and digital analysis of electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) images, with the ultimate aim of automated quantitative concentration analysis (calculated from drop volume). A series of different nanoparticle suspensions (gold, latex, and SiO2 in varying sizes and concentrations) were printed onto TEM grids in a 4 x 4 array in the concentration range 7x10^8 to 1x10^11 nanoparticles/mL and imaged with SEM. Concentrations and printing conditions (temperature, relative humidity) were varied in order to minimize the coffee-ring effect. KW - Nanoparticles KW - Particle size distribution KW - Electron microscopy KW - Microarray printing KW - Sample preparation KW - Nanoparticle concentration PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-528455 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1953/1/012002 VL - 1953 SP - 012002 PB - IOP Publishing AN - OPUS4-52845 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bennet, Francesca A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Burr, L. A1 - Schmid, D. T1 - Microprinting and SEM analysis for quantitative evaluation of nanoparticles in solution N2 - Nanoparticle suspensions were microprinted onto TEM grids for subsequent analysis by SEM/TSEM and evaluation of particle numbers using Image J software. Various nanoparticle types, concentrations and printing conditions (temperature, rel. humidity) were evaluated in order to determine the optimal conditions for producing a uniform distribution of particles on the substrate and eliminating the coffee ring effect. T2 - H2020 ACEnano Project Meeting CY - Amsterdam, Netherlands DA - 04.03.2020 KW - Nanoparticle KW - Imaging KW - Microprinting KW - Homogeneous deposition PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50584 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bennet, Francesca A1 - Burr, L. A1 - Schmid, D. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Towards a method for quantitative evaluation of nanoparticles in suspension via Microprinting and SEM analysis N2 - A series of different nanoparticle suspensions (Gold, Latex, and SiO2 in varying concentrations) were microprinted onto TEM grids in a 4 x 4 array in the concentration range 7x10^8 to 1x10^11 NP/mL and imaged with SEM and TSEM. Concentrations and printing conditions (temperature, relative humidity) were varied in order to minimize the coffee ring effect. T2 - nanoSAFE 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 16.11.2020 KW - Nanoparticles KW - Microprinting KW - Image analysis PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51699 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bender, P. A1 - Fock, J. A1 - Hansen, M. F. A1 - Bogart, L. K. A1 - Southern, P. A1 - Ludwig, F. A1 - Wiekhorst, F. A1 - Szczerba, Wojciech A1 - Zeng, L. J. A1 - Heinke, D. A1 - Gehrke, N. A1 - Fernández Díaz, M. T. A1 - González-Alonso, D. A1 - Espeso, J. I. A1 - Rodríguez Fernández, J. A1 - Johansson, C. T1 - Influence of clustering on the magnetic N2 - Clustering of magnetic nanoparticles can drastically change their collective magnetic properties, which in turn may influence their performance in technological or biomedical applications. Here, we investigate a commercial colloidal dispersion (FeraSpinTMR), which contains dense clusters of iron oxide cores (mean size around 9 nm according to neutron diffraction) with varying cluster size (about 18–56 nm according to small angle x-ray diffraction), and its individual size fractions (FeraSpinTMXS, S, M, L, XL, XXL). The magnetic properties of the colloids were characterized by isothermal magnetization, as well as frequency-dependent optomagnetic and AC susceptibility measurements. From these measurements we derive the underlying moment and Relaxation frequency distributions, respectively. Analysis of the distributions shows that the clustering of the initially superparamagnetic cores leads to remanent magnetic moments within the large clusters. At frequencies below 105 rad s−1, the relaxation of the clusters is dominated by Brownian (rotation) relaxation. At higher frequencies, where Brownian relaxation is inhibited due to viscous friction, the clusters still show an appreciable magnetic relaxation due to internal moment relaxation within the clusters. As a result of the internal moment relaxation, the colloids with the large clusters (FSL, XL, XXL) excel in magnetic hyperthermia experiments. KW - Magnetic hyperthermia KW - Magnetic nanoparticles KW - Multi-core particles KW - Core-clusters PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aad67d VL - 29 IS - 42 SP - Articel 425705 PB - IOP Publishing CY - UK AN - OPUS4-47203 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Belenguer, A. A1 - Michalchuk, Adam A1 - Lampronti, G A1 - Sanders, J T1 - Understanding the unexpected effect of frequency on the kinetics of a covalent reaction under ball-milling conditions N2 - We here explore how ball-mill-grinding frequency affects the kinetics of a disulfide exchange reaction. Our kinetic data show that the reaction progress is similar at all the frequencies studied (15–30 Hz), including a significant induction time before the nucleation and growth process starts. This indicates that to start the reaction an initial energy accumulation is necessary. Other than mixing, the energy supplied by the mechanical treatment has two effects: (i) reducing the crystal size and (ii) creating defects in the structure. The crystal-breaking process is likely to be dominant at first becoming less important later in the process when the energy supplied is stored at the molecular level as local crystal defects. This accumulation is taken here to be the rate-determining step. We suggest that the local defects accumulate preferentially at or near the crystal surface. Since the total area increases exponentially when the crystal size is reduced by the crystal-breaking process, this can further explain the exponential dependence of the onset time on the milling frequency. KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Kinetics KW - Diffraction PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-483361 DO - https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.120 SN - 2195-951X VL - 15 SP - 1226 EP - 1235 PB - Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften CY - Frankfurt, M. AN - OPUS4-48336 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Belenguer, A. A1 - Lampronti, G. A1 - Michalchuk, Adam A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Sanders, J. T1 - Quantitative reversible one pot interconversion of three crystalline polymorphs by ball mill grinding N2 - We demonstrate here using a disulfide system the first example of reversible, selective, and quantitative transformation between three crystalline polymorphs by ball mill grinding. This includes the discovery of a previously unknown polymorph. Each polymorph is reproducibly obtained under well-defined neat or liquid-assisted grinding conditions, revealing subtle control over the apparent thermodynamic stability. We discovered that the presence of a contaminant as low as 1.5% mol mol−1 acting as a template is required to enable all these three polymorph transformations. The relative stabilities of the polymorphs are determined by the sizes of the nanocrystals produced under different conditions and by surface interactions with small amounts of added solvent. For the first time, we show evidence that each of the three polymorphs is obtained with a unique and reproducible crystalline size. This mechanochemical approach gives access to bulk quantities of metastable polymorphs that are inaccessible through recrystallisation. KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Polymorph KW - XRD PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-549934 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CE00393G SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-54993 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Belenguer, A A1 - Michalchuk, Adam A1 - Lampronti, G A1 - Sanders, J T1 - Using solid catalysts in disulfide-based dynamic combinatorial solution- and mechano-chemistry N2 - We here show for the first time that solid amines can act as catalysts for disulfide-based dynamic combinatorial chemistry by ball mill grinding. The mechanochemical Equilibrium for the two disulfide reactions studied is reached within one to three hours using ten different amine catalysts. This contrasts with the weeks to months to achieve solution equilibrium for most solid amine catalysts at 2%M at 2mM concentration in a suitable solvent. The final mechanochemical equilibrium is independent of the catalyst used, but varies with other ball mill grinding factors such as the presence of traces of solvent. The different efficiencies of the amines tested are discussed. KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Green chemistry KW - Catalysis PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202102416 SN - 1864-5631 VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-53930 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Scholz, Philipp A1 - Jung, Christian A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Thermo-Desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for investigating the thermal degradation of polyurethanes N2 - Thermo-Desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) was used to investigate the thermal degradation of two different polyurethanes (PU). PU samples were heated at different heating rates and the desorbed products were collected in a cold injection system and thereafter submitted to GC-MS. Prospects and limitations of the detection and quantification of semi-volatile degradation products were investigated. A temperature dependent PU depolymerization was found at temperatures above 200 °C proved by an increasing release of 1,4-butanediol and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) representing the main building blocks of both polymers. Their release was monitored quantitatively based on external calibration with authentic compounds. Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) of the residues obtained after thermodesorption confirmed the initial competitive degradation mechanism indicating an equilibrium of crosslinking and depolymerization as previously suggested. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry of SEC fractions of thermally degraded PUs provided additional hints on degradation mechanism. KW - Thermo-desorption KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Polyurethanes KW - Thermal degradation PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AY00173C SN - 1759-9660 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Royal Society for Chemistry AN - OPUS4-57307 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Sommerfeld, Thomas A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Quantification of microplastics in a freshwater suspended organic matter using different thermoanalytical methods – outcome of an interlaboratory comparison N2 - A sedimented freshwater suspended organic matter fortified with particles of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was employed in an interlaboratory comparison of thermoanalytical methods for microplastics identification and quantification. Three laboratories performed pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), three others provided results using thermal extraction desorption followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (TED-GC-MS). One participant performed thermogravimetry-infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) and two participants used thermogravimetry coupled to mass spectrometry (TGA-MS). Further participants used differential scanning microscopy (DSC), a procedure based on micro combustion calorimetry (MCC) and a procedure based on elemental analysis. Each participant employed a different combination of sample treatment, calibration and instrumental Settings for polymer identification and quantification. Though there is obviously room for improvements regarding the between-laboratory reproducibility and the harmonization of procedures it was seen that the participants Performing Py-GC-MS, TED-GC-MS, and TGA-FTIR were able to correctly identify all polymers and to report reasonable quantification results in the investigated concentration range (PE: 20.0 μg/mg, PP: 5.70 μg/mg; PS: 2.20 μg/mg, PET: 18.0 μg/mg). Although for the other methods limitations exists regarding the detection of specific polymers, they showed potential as alternative approaches for polymer quantification in solid environmental matrices. KW - Interlaboratory comparison KW - Microplastics KW - Suspended organic matter KW - Pyrolysis PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2020.104829 VL - 148 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-50977 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Querschnittsthema Referenzmaterialien: Planung Ringversuche N2 - Nach einer Erläuterung der international üblichen Definitionen von Referenzmaterialien und Matrix-Referenzmaterialien erfolgt eine Zusammenfassung der spezifischen Anforderungen bei Herstellung und Charakterisierung. Weiterhin werden die unterschiedlichen Anforderungen an die Durchführung von Ringversuchen im Sinne eines Methodenvergleiches, einer Eignungsprüfung von Laboratorien und der Zertifizierung von Matrix-Referenzmaterialien gegenübergestellt. Für den aktuell geplanten ersten Ringversuch zur Quantifizierung von Mikroplastik in Schwebstoffen mittels thermischer Verfahren werden die konkreten technischen Bedingungen zur Herstellung entsprechender Referenzmaterialien einschließlich der Homogenitätsprüfung ihrer Mikroplastikgehalte dargestellt. Die Besonderheiten des Ringversuches vor dem Hintergrund einer Normung der eingesetzten Verfahren werden diskutiert. T2 - Forschungsschwerpunkt „Plastik in der Umwelt – Quellen • Senken • Lösungsansätze“: 2. Workshop des Querschnittsthemas „Analytik und Referenzmaterialien“ CY - Augsburg, Germany DA - 4.7.2018 KW - Mikroplastik KW - Referenzmaterialien KW - Ringversuche KW - Thermische Verfahren KW - Schwebstoffe KW - Methodenvergleich PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45681 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Reference materials for microplastics in environmental matrices N2 - The pollution of marine, limnic and terrestrial environments with plastic waste and the potential impact especially on biota and humans has received increasing attention in recent years. Special focus is on particles smaller than 5 mm, the so-called microplastics. Consequently, possible regulations of emission and remediation efforts require sound information on the occurrence and fate of microplastics in the respective environmental compartments. Microplastics (MP) differ from classical organic pollutants in biota or the environment in that they do not consist of clearly defined low-molecular weight compounds but of polymer particulates with varying sizes and chemical compositions. This leads to specific challenges regarding the analytical techniques to be employed for their identification and quantification. Microplastics are defined as polymer particle in the size range between 1 µm and 5 mm and cover a wide range of polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate in variable geometric shapes. Properties relevant for environmental microplastics are polymer type, particle form and size distribution, surface morphology (aging status) and total mass fraction contained in a given sample. Polymer identification and particle size estimation using optical methods (IR and Raman spectroscopy) are time consuming and complicated by surface characteristics as a result of weathering, soiling, and microbial colonisation. Total mass fractions of MP in environmental samples can be determined by thermo-analytical methods. There are currently no standardised methods for sampling, sampling preparation, or detection of MP in environmental samples. So far, qualitative and quantitative investigations are done by research institutes and have not reached the routine laboratory community. The near future will see harmonisation efforts of MP mass fraction determination in environmental matrices by thermo-analytical procedures. The immediate need for reference materials during method development and comparison is outlined with regard to relevant matrix/polymer compositions, existing regulations and currently achievable detection limits. Examples for solid environmental matrix reference materials are discussed regarding the challenges encountered with matrices and polymer types as well as homogeneity testing and property value characterisation. T2 - BERM 2018 15th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 23 September 2018 KW - Referenzmaterialien KW - Schwebstoffe KW - Sediment KW - Polymer PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46209 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Mitzkus, Anja A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Köppe, Enrico A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Basedau, Frank A1 - Hofmann, Detlef A1 - Schukar, Vivien T1 - Faser-basierter magneto-optischer Schicht-Sensor zum Monitoring von Bauteilen N2 - In Glasfasern eingeschriebene Bragg-Gitter (FBG: fibre-based Bragg gratings) sind über die Verschiebung der Bragg-Wellenlänge in der Lage, Stauchungen und Dehnungen von Glasfasern hochgenau zu erfassen. In Kompositwerkstoffe eingebettete faseroptische Sensoren können Bauteile bezüglich ihrer mechanischen Integrität überwachen und früh-zeitig Informationen über Materialveränderungen gewinnen. Um die Zuverlässigkeit eines solchen Sensors zu gewährleisten, ist es wichtig, die korrekte Funktion des Sensors im Verbund mit der Werkstoff-Matrix on-line und in-situ sicherzu-stellen. Im Rahmen des DFG-Projekts FAMOS² (FAser-basierter Magneto-Optischer SchichtSensor) wurde ein selbstdiagnosefähiger Schichtsensor entwickelt, der mit Hilfe von magnetostriktiven Aktorschichten aus Nickel bzw. Eisen-Nickel validiert werden kann. Der FAMOS²-Schichtsensor wird durch ein PVD (physical vapour deposition)/ECD (electro-chemical deposition) Hybridschichtsystem realisiert, das auf dem Fasermantel im Bereich des FBG haftfest, homogen und langzeitfunktional abzuscheiden ist. Dabei wird in einem ersten Schritt ein etwa 100 Nanometer dünnes PVD-Schichtsystem aus Chrom und Kupfer als Haftvermittler auf der Glasfaser bzw. als leitfähige Startschicht für den nachfolgenden ECD-Prozess abgeschieden. Um eine rotationssymmetrische Schich-tabscheidung zu gewährleisten, erfolgt während der PVD-Beschichtung eine Rotation der Glasfasern. In einem zweiten Schritt wird dann unter Verwendung eines klassischen Watts-Elektrolyten in einer speziell entwickelten ebenfalls rotationssymmetrisch aufgebau-ten ECD-Durchströmungszelle dann die etwa 30 Mikrometer dicke, magnetostriktive Ak-torschicht auf dem PVD-Schichtsystem abgeschieden, im Vergleich sowohl reine Nickel-Schichten als auch Nickel-Eisen-Schichten. Ein äußeres Magnetfeld dehnt die magnetostriktive Aktorschicht und damit auch die Faser reversibel. Diese Dehnung führt zu einer Verschiebung der Bragg-Wellenlänge, welche direkt mit der Stärke eines zu messenden oder zu Validierungszwecken vorgegebenen Magnetfeldes korreliert. Die Anpassung der Beschichtungsverfahren an die Fasergeome-trie und die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Hybridschichten werden hinsichtlich der me-chanischen Integrität des faseroptischen Sensors diskutiert und der Nachweis der Selbst-diagnosefähigkeit erbracht. T2 - 13. ThGOT Thementage Grenz- und Oberflächentechnik und 11. Thüringer Biomaterial-Kolloquium CY - Zeulenroda, Germany DA - 13.03.2018 KW - Magneto-optischer Sensor KW - Faser-Bragg Gitter KW - Magnetostriktive Beschichtung KW - Selbstkalibrierung KW - Bauteilmonitoring PY - 2018 SN - 978-3-00-058187-8 SP - 1 EP - 5 CY - Jena AN - OPUS4-44599 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Hielscher-Hofinger, Stefan A1 - Lerche, D. A1 - Reetz, U. T1 - Vorhaben ZENSUS, BAM Vh-Nr. 6768 „Zentrifugentechnologie zur statistischen Untersuchung von Stumpfklebungen“ N2 - Das Vorhaben ZENSUS beschäftigt sich mit der Erstellung eines Normenentwurfs bzw. einer normen-konformen Technischen Spezifikation für die Zentrifugen-basierte Prüfung der Klebfestigkeit von Stumpfklebungen. Das umfasst auch umfangreiche Validierungsversuche, um mögliche Unterschiede zwischen Kraft-gesteuerter (Zentrifuge) und Weg-gesteuerter (Zugprüfmaschine) bzw. ggf. dazu korrelierte Materialabhängigkeiten mit ihren Auswirkungen auf SOPs zu identifizieren. Die Zentri-fugen-basierte Mehr-Proben-Prüfung von bis zu 8 Klebverbunden wird im Weiteren mit CAT-Technologie („Centrifugal Adhesion Testing“) abgekürzt. KW - Klebfestigkeit von Stumpfklebungen KW - EN 15870 KW - Centrifugal Adhesion Testing (CAT) Technologie KW - Zugprüfung mittels Zugprüfmaschine KW - Zugprüfung mittels Zentrifugentechnologie PY - 2021 SP - 1 EP - 28 AN - OPUS4-52858 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Hielscher, Stefan A1 - Lerche, D. T1 - Abschlussbericht zum BMWi - MNPQ – Verbundprojekt QUO VADIS PLUS (Mehr-Proben-Festigkeitsprüfung zur Qualitätssicherung in der Materialtechnik und Validierung der Zentrifugentechnologie bei Druck- bzw. Zugbeanspruchung) N2 - Im Fokus des Vorhabens steht das mit dem Innovationspreis Berlin-Brandenburg 2012 ausgezeichnete Mehr-Proben-Prüfverfahren zur Festigkeitsprüfung unter Verwendung einer analytischen Zentrifuge mit dem Ziel des Einsatzes in der Qualitätssicherung. Nachdem im MNPQ-Projekt QUO VADIS die grundsätzliche Anwendbarkeit der Zentrifugentechnologie auf Beanspruchungen auf Zug (Kleb-, Haft- und Verbundfestigkeit) nachgewiesen worden war, wurden im Vorhaben QUO VADIS PLUS folgende erweiterte Prüfszenarien und technische Weiterentwicklungen etabliert: 1. Beanspruchung auf Druck (Härte von Materialien, Kompressibilität von Schäumen, Kompaktierbarkeit von Pulvern), 2. Erweiterung der Beanspruchung auf Zug (Kombination von Normal- und Lateralkräften), 3. Erweiterung auf die Bewertung plasto-elastischenn Materialverhaltens, 4. Vermeidung von Schockwellen im Hochlastbereich KW - Analytische Zentrifuge KW - Mehr-Proben-Prüfverfahren KW - Härte KW - Kompressibilität KW - Kompaktierbarkeit KW - Haftfestigkeit KW - Klebfestigkeit KW - Verbundfestigkeit PY - 2019 N1 - Das Dokument unterliegt der Vertraulichkeit und kann nicht zugänglich gemacht werden Projektlaufzeit: 01.05.2015 bis 28.02.2019 The document is subject to confidentiality restrictions and cannot be made accessible Project runtime: 01.05.2015 to 28.02.2019 SP - 1 EP - 20 AN - OPUS4-50406 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Hielscher, Stefan A1 - Weise, Matthias T1 - Auf dem Weg zu Industrie 4.0: Bestimmung von Messunsicherheitsbudgets in der Oberflächentechnik N2 - Vorgestellt wurde die Bestimmung von Messunsicherheitsbudgets für sehr unterschiedliche physikalische Größen, die in der Oberflächentechnik von hoher Relevanz sind: Stufenhöhe h, Schichtdicke d, Eindringhärte HIT und Haftfestigkeit. Die Unterschiede betreffen die Art der Prüfmethodik (optisch zerstörungsfrei vs. mechanisch invasiv/zerstörend), die laterale Größe des Integrationsgebietes der Messung (lokal: nano bis sub-mikro vs. global: mikro bis makro) und die Art der Bestimmung von Messunsicherheitsbudgets (physikalische Größen: direkt rückführbar; Werkstoffkenngröße: genormt; Systemkenngröße: genormt). Im Rahmen von Industrie 4.0 werden ausgehend der geforderten Spezifikation des beschichteten Produkts (Mittelwert mit Vertrauensbereich oder Mindestwert) durchgehende Toleranzbänder zur Oberflächenmodifizierung/Beschichtung des Substrats, einhergehend mit Prozessfenstern, die diese Toleranzbänder garantieren, erforderlich, die zuverlässig erfasst werden müssen. Die Frage der anzuwendenden Mess- und Prüftechnik und die damit notwendige Betrachtung von Messunsicherheitsbudgets ist für die Digitalisierung von Konditionierungs-, Zustands-, Regel- und Steuergrößen unverzichtbar. Mit Blick auf die Einhaltung von Prozessfenstern und die dafür notwendige Prozessführung wird technologisches Kern-Know-how digitalisiert, das es unbedingt zu schützen gilt. Nur lokale Netze können diese Sicherheit garantieren, in globalen Netzen ist die Datensicherheit bestenfalls maximierbar T2 - 14. ThGOT Thementage Grenz- und Oberflächentechnik und 6. Kolloquium Dünne Schichten in der Optik CY - Zeulenroda, Germany DA - 12.03.2019 KW - Oberflächentechnik KW - Messunsicherheit KW - Messtechnik KW - Prüftechnik KW - Haftfestigkeit PY - 2019 SN - 978-3-00-058187-8 VL - 2019 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-47670 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Fischer, Daniel T1 - MISTRAL-Müller-Matrix-basierte Identifizierung von Inhomogenitäten und strukturellen Anomalien N2 - Mit abbildender Ellipsometrie (imaging ellipsometry: IE) können Nanometer-Beschichtungen/ Degradationen visualisiert und bezüglich Brechungsindex n, Extinktionskoeffizient k und Schichtdicke d charakterisiert werden. Materialseitig werden lokal Homogenität und Isotropie innerhalb eines/mehrerer Bildpunkte (field of analysis: FOA) und messtechnisch global die Ebenheit der Proben bezüglich aller Bildpunkte des Messfeldes vorausgesetzt. Für die Müller-Matrix-basierte abbildende Ellipsometrie (MM-IE), die den optischen Response anisotroper Materialien in jedem Bildpunkt über die bis zu 16 Müller-Matrix-Elemente erfasst, ist dies von besonderer Relevanz. Reale Substrate sind aber oft nicht eben, können lokal Noppen/Mulden (im FOA) aufweisen oder sind global konvex/ konkav im möglichen Messfeld (field of view: FOV) gekrümmt. Diese lokalen/globalen strukturellen Anomalien des Substrats werden schon für die IE messtechnisch/modellseitig oft nicht beherrscht und sind für die MM-IE in der Wirkung auf die MM-Elemente unbekannt. Diese Defizite sollen messtechnisch bzw. modellmäßig behoben und somit die Messung lokal/global gekrümmter Oberflächen ermöglicht werden (MM-CSIE, CS curved surface). KW - Abbildende Ellipsometrie (IE) KW - Müller-Matrix Ellipsometrie (MM-IE) KW - Gekrümmte Oberflächen KW - Schichtdicke KW - Optische Konstanten PY - 2020 SP - 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-51574 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Ermilova, Elena A1 - Schneider, S. A1 - Peters, S. T1 - Gemeinsamer Abschlussbericht WIPANO-Vorhaben „Standardisierung und Normung der Ellipsometrie als universeller Spektroskopie“ N2 - Im Vorhaben SNELLIUS wurden in enger Zusammenarbeit der BAM mit den Firmen Accurion und SENTECH Instruments aufbauend auf der Norm DIN 50989-1 „Ellipsometrie - Teil 1: Grundlagen; Ellipsometry – Part 1: Principles“ insgesamt fünf Normenentwürfe erarbeitet, die fünf Modell-basierten Anwendungsfällen der Ellipsometrie entsprechen. Unter Berücksichtigung des neuartigen Modell-basierten Normungskonzepts wurde in den Normenentwürfen erstmals eine GUM- und DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2018 konforme Bestimmung bzw. Abschätzung der Messunsicherheit umgesetzt. Dies erforderte neben der textlichen Erstellung auch umfangreiche experimentelle Arbeiten bei den Firmen, Vergleichsversuche und komplementäre Modell- und Datenevaluierungen, da sowohl die verwendete ellipsometrische Hardware (unterschiedliche ellipsometrische Funktionsprinzipien) als auch die ellipsometrische Software (Modell-Randbedingungen, Fitalgorithmus) firmenspezifisch zum Teil sehr unterschiedlich sind. Hierbei mussten in einem Konsensprozess Lösungen gefunden werden, die die beiden deutschen Ellipsometer-Anbieter Accurion (Imaging-Ellipsometrie) und SENTECH Instruments (Mapping Ellipsometrie) gleichermaßen akzeptieren konnten und die zudem einen Transfer auf die Internationale Ebene (ISO Norm) ermöglichen, also vom Grundsatz her auch auf weitere Ellipsometerhersteller wie (J. A. Woollam Co., USA; SEMILAB, Ungarn; HORIBA, Japan) mit wieder anderen ellipsometrischen Funktionsprinzipien, Hard- und Softwarelösungen anwendbar sind. Die weitgehende Unabhängigkeit von ellipsometrischen Funktionsprinzipien, Hard- und Softwarelösungen wurde dadurch erreicht, dass normativ festgelegt wurde, dass die ellipsometrischen Größen PSI und DELTA im Sinne von DIN ENISO/IEC 17025 als Rohdaten fungieren. KW - Ellipsometrie-Norm KW - Messunsicherheit ellipsometrischer Messungen KW - Validierungskonzepte ellipsometrischer Messungen KW - DIN 50989, Teile 1 bis 6 KW - DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2018 und GUM Kompatibilität PY - 2021 SP - 1 EP - 16 AN - OPUS4-52857 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Baier, Jennifa A1 - Fischer, Daniel A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Hielscher-Hofinger, Stefan A1 - Stockmann, Jörg Manfred A1 - Weise, Matthias T1 - Mapping und Imaging modifizierter Oberflächen: Generische Kenngrößen, Fehlstellen, Reinigungszustand und Haftfestigkeit N2 - Der Vortrag widmet sich dem Mapping und Imaging modifizierter Oberflächen: generische Kenngrößen, Fehlstellen, Reinigungszustand und Haftfestigkeit. Es werden Untersuchungsmethoden zu ihrer Prüfung dargestellt. T2 - 37. ak-adp 2021 CY - Jena, Germany DA - 16.06.2021 KW - Qualitätssicherung KW - Mapping modifizierter Oberflächen KW - Imaging modifizierter Oberflächen KW - Generische Kenngrößen KW - Haftfestigkeit KW - Klebfestigkeit PY - 2021 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-52893 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Hielscher-Hofinger, Stefan A1 - Lange, Thorid A1 - Weise, Matthias T1 - Uncertainty budgets in surface technology: stepheigt, layerthickness, indentation hardness, adehesive strength N2 - The object (sample) and the measurement/testing procedure may always have unknown degrees of freedom, i.e. instead of 𝐯 ≥ n – 1 in many cases 𝐯 ≫ n - 1 may apply, in particular in the micro- and nano-world! T2 - 10. VDI-Fachtagung, Messunsicherheit und Prüfprozesse CY - Erfurt, Germany DA - 10.11.2021 KW - Methodology in metrology KW - Methodology in testing KW - Spectroscopic Ellipsometry KW - Instrumented Indentation Testing (IIT) KW - Centrifugal Adhesion Testing (CAT) PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53986 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Hielscher-Hofinger, Stefan A1 - Weise, Matthias T1 - Functional coatings for mechanical applications: characterization and standardization N2 - The paper addresses the “Functional coatings for mechanical applications: characterization and standardization” and the following points are discussed in more detail: 1. Mechanic alapplications (coatings for tools and components, system features vs. material parameters) 2. Mechanical characterization (instrumented indentation testing (IIT), centrifugal adhesion testing (CAT), state of standardization) 3. Topometric characterization (white light interference microscopy (WLIM, 3D), mechanical stylus (MS, 2D), state of standardization) 4. Optical characterization (spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), inter-laboratory comparison, state of standardization) T2 - IC-CMTP6 CY - Miskolc, Hungary DA - 04.10.2021 KW - Spectroscopic Ellipsometry KW - White Light Interference Microscopy KW - Instrumented Indentation Testing KW - Functional coatings KW - Mechanical characterization KW - Optical characterization KW - Topometric characterization KW - Standardization PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53987 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Hielscher-Hofinger, S. A1 - Lange, Thorid A1 - Weise, Matthias T1 - Uncertainty budgets in surface techno-logy: step height, layer thickness, indentation hardness, adehesive strength N2 - The object (sample) and the measurement/testing procedure may always have unknown degrees of freedom, i.e. instead of 𝐯 ≥ n – 1 in many cases 𝐯 ≫ n - 1 may apply, in particular in the micro- and nano-world! T2 - 10. VDI-Fachtagung, Messunsicherheit und Prüfprozesse CY - Erfurt, Germany DA - 10.11.2021 KW - Methodology in metrology KW - Methodology in testing KW - Spectroscopic Ellipsometry KW - Instrumented Indentation (IIT) KW - Centrifugal Adhesion Testing (CAT) PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53739 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Baier, Jennifa A1 - Fischer, Daniel A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Hielscher-Hofinger, Stefan A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Stockmann, Jörg Manfred A1 - Weise, Matthias T1 - Mapping und Imaging modifizierter Oberflächen: Generische Kenngrößen, Fehlstellen, Reinigungszustand und Haftfestigkeit N2 - Der Vortrag widmet sich dem Mapping und Imaging modifizierter Oberflächen: Generische Kenngrößen, Fehlstellen, Reinigungszustand und Haftfestigkeit. Es werden Untersuchungsmethoden zu ihrer Prüfung dargestellt. T2 - 37. ak-adp 2021, Jena CY - Online meeting DA - 16.06.2021 KW - Qualitätssicherung KW - Mapping modifizierter Oberflächen KW - Generische Kenngrößen KW - Haftfestigkeit KW - Klebfestigkeit PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52870 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Mitzkus, Anja A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Lange, Thorid A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Schukar, Vivien A1 - Basedau, Frank A1 - Hofman, Detlef A1 - Köppe, Enrico T1 - From on line sensor validation to in-situ monitoring of layer growth: coatings around fibre bragg gratings N2 - The lack of on-line validation procedures for structure-embedded fiber-optical strain sensors, in particular fiber-Bragg-gratings (FBG), resulted in limited applications in structural health monitoring (SHM). Degradation under service conditions and ageing as a result of climatic influences or delamination under load were unsolved Validation issues. This could be overcome by means of an auto-diagnosis procedure based on FBG-sensors coated by electrochemical deposition (ECD) with a magnetostrictive NiFe-coating on top of an adhesive Cu/Cr adhesive layer deposited by physical vapour deposition (PVD) around the FBG strain sensor. This allows at any time under Service a validation of sensor functionality, stability, and reliability. For this purpose, a magnetic strain-proportional reference field is introduced. The optical read-out is realized by the measurement of the Bragg-wavelength shift. The ratio of resulting strain and exciting magnetic reference field should be constant given that the sensor is in proper function. In principle, the magnetostrictive coating around the FBG should also work as on-line magnetic field sensor and other applications in material science. One of these applications is the in-situ monitoring of ECD processes as the deposition of the ECD NiFe-layer on the FBG revealed. Challenges are the monitoring of temperature, deposition stages/thickness, and resulting mechanical stress under given plating conditions. Monitoring problems can be solved by applying a pre-coated FBG to the electrolytic process as the shift of the Bragg wavelength is affected by both the temperature of the electrolyte near the substrate and the stress formation in the growing layer. The experimental FBG set-up and the quantitative determination of temperature- and stress-related strain are described for a nickeliron electrolyte. The in-situ measurement of Bragg wavelength shifts of a pre-coated FBG during electrochemical deposition allows a detailed analysis of stress states due to changes in the growth morphology of the layer. The separation of mechanical and thermal contributions to this shift provides information on the individual Deposition processes in terms of a process fingerprint. T2 - ICMCTF 2021 San Diego/on-line CY - Online meeting DA - 28.04.2021 KW - Fiber- Bragg-gratings (FBG) KW - Physical vapour deposition (PVD) KW - Electrochemical deposition (ECD) KW - Magnetostrictive coating KW - ECD NiFe-layer PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52898 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Windhövel, U. A1 - Hielscher-Hofinger, Stefan A1 - Lerche, D. A1 - Reetz, U. T1 - Proposal for revision of en 15870 „Adhesives determination of tensile strength of butt joints” N2 - The paper addresses the PROPOSAL FOR REVISION OF EN 15870 „ADHESIVES -DETERMINATION OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF BUTT JOINTS” “ and the follow points are discussed in more detail: Adhesives-Determination of tensile strength of butt joints, Introduction of Centrifugal Adhesion Testing, Comparison of Testing Methods. T2 - CEN TC 193 Madrid CY - Online meeting DA - 04.03.2021 KW - Centrifugal Adhesion Testing (CAT) KW - DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025 KW - Adhesives - Determination PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52900 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Othake, N. A1 - Hiratsuka, M. T1 - Ellipsometrische Klassifizierung von Kohlenstoffschichten N2 - Der Vortrag widmet sich der „ELLIPSOMETRISCHE KLASSIFIZIERUNG VON KOHLENSTOFFSCHICHTEN“ und beschreibt die Punkte: 1. Anwendungen Kohlenstoffschichten–Carbon–based films (DLC) aus dem Vortrag N. Ohtakeet. al. (ISO TC 107, Tokyo 2017),2. Präparation der Kohlenstoffschichten für ISO TC 107 Ringversuch aus Vortrag M. Hiratsuka et. al. (ISO TC 107, Tokyo 2017), 3. Ellipsometrische Charakterisierung von Kohlenstoffschichten, Ergebnisse des Ringversuchs (ISO TC 107, Tokyo 2017) Vortrag Beck et. al. und 4.Deutsche Normungsaktivitäten national/international zur Ellipsometrie DIN NA 062-01-061 (DIN 50989-1)/TC 107 (PWI DE)“ im Einzelnen. T2 - Netzwerksymposium “schützen und Veredeln von Oberflächen”, Wildau CY - TH Wildau, Germany DA - 01.03.2018 KW - Anwendung von Kohlenstoffschichten KW - Klassifizierung von Kohlenstoffschichten KW - Ringversuch Ellipsometrie KW - Normung Ellipsometrie PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44340 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Weise, Matthias T1 - White light interference microscopy, ellipsometry, and instrumented indentation testing as reference procedures N2 - The paper addresses “WHITE LIGHT INTERFERENCE MICROSCOPY, ELLIPSOMETRY, AND INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION TESTING AS REFERENCE PROCEDURES“ and is subdivided in the following sections: 1. Measurement vs. testing vs. reference procedures, 2. White light interference microscopy (WLIM) for determination of step height h, 3. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) for determination of layer thickness d and 4. Instrumented indentation testing (IIT) for determination of indentation hardness HIT. The following points are discussed in more detail: methodology of measurement and testing, uncertainty budgets for direct (WLIM), model-based (SE) and formula-based (IIT) reference procedures by means of specific examples. It is shown that standardization efforts are connected to reference procedures. T2 - Referenzverfahren CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 21.02.2018 KW - Reference procedures KW - Uncertainty budgets KW - White light interference microscopy KW - Spectroscopic ellipsometry KW - Instrumented indentation testing PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44256 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Winkler, J. T1 - Preliminary work item (PWI) 23131 on standardization of ellipsometry N2 - The paper addresses the PRELIMINARY WORK ITEM (PWI) 23131 ON STANDARDIZATION OF ELLIPSOMETRY and the following points are discussed in more detail: Historical background of ellipsometry, Technical/industrial importance of ellipsometry and Standardization activities on ellipsometry. T2 - ISO TC 107 and JWG 4 meeting CY - Levi, Finland DA - 23.01.2018 KW - Standardization KW - Ellipsometrie KW - Modelling KW - Accreditation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-43959 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Plasma Germany, Fachausschuss Normung, Berichtszeitraum Herbst 2017 – Frühjahr 2018 N2 - Der Vortrag gibt den aktuellen Stand der Normung im Bereich der Oberflächen-technik insbesondere der Oberflächenanalytik und der Oberflächenmess- und -prüftechnik wider. Vorgestellt wird der Status technischer Berichte, Normenentwürfe und Normen u.a. zur Charakterisierung von funktionellen Glasoberflächen für bioanalytische Anwendungen, zur Messung der Schichtdicke von Nanomaterialien mittels Ellipsometrie, zur Kalibrierung von Interferometern und Interferenzmikroskopen für die Formmessung, zur Rockwelleindringprüfung zur Bewertung der Schicht-haftung, zu den Grundlagen der Ellipsometrie, zur Messung der Schichtdicke mittels Wirbelstromverfahren, zur Schichtpotentialmessung von Mehrfach-Nickelschichten, zu Filtern und Augenschutzgeräten gegen Laserstrahlung sowie zur Bestimmung der Schichthaftung mittels Zugversuch. T2 - Plasma Germany, Fachausschuss Normung, Frühjahrssitzung CY - Kiel, Germany DA - 17.04.2018 KW - Stand der Normung KW - Oberflächentechnik KW - Oberflächenanalytik KW - Oberflächenmesstechnik KW - Oberflächenprüftechnik PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44729 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Mitzkus, Anja A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Köppe, Enrico A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Basedau, Frank A1 - Hofmann, Detlef A1 - Schukar, Vivien T1 - Faser-basierter magneto-optischer Schicht-Sensor zum Monitoring von Bauteilen N2 - In Glasfasern eingeschriebene Bragg-Gitter (FBG: fibre-based Bragg gratings) sind über die Verschiebung der Bragg-Wellenlänge in der Lage, Stauchungen und Dehnungen von Glasfasern hochgenau zu erfassen. In Kompositwerkstoffe eingebettete faseroptische Sensoren können Bauteile bezüglich ihrer mechanischen Integrität überwachen und früh-zeitig Informationen über Materialveränderungen gewinnen. Um die Zuverlässigkeit eines solchen Sensors zu gewährleisten, ist es wichtig, die korrekte Funktion des Sensors im Verbund mit der Werkstoff-Matrix on-line und in-situ sicherzu-stellen. Im Rahmen des DFG-Projekts FAMOS² (FAser-basierter Magneto-Optischer SchichtSensor) wurde ein selbstdiagnosefähiger Schichtsensor entwickelt, der mit Hilfe von magnetostriktiven Aktorschichten aus Nickel bzw. Eisen-Nickel validiert werden kann. Der FAMOS²-Schichtsensor wird durch ein PVD (physical vapour deposition)/ECD (electro-chemical deposition) Hybridschichtsystem realisiert, das auf dem Fasermantel im Bereich des FBG haftfest, homogen und langzeitfunktional abzuscheiden ist. Dabei wird in einem ersten Schritt ein etwa 100 Nanometer dünnes PVD-Schichtsystem aus Chrom und Kupfer als Haftvermittler auf der Glasfaser bzw. als leitfähige Startschicht für den nachfolgenden ECD-Prozess abgeschieden. Um eine rotationssymmetrische Schich-tabscheidung zu gewährleisten, erfolgt während der PVD-Beschichtung eine Rotation der Glasfasern. In einem zweiten Schritt wird dann unter Verwendung eines klassischen Watts-Elektrolyten in einer speziell entwickelten ebenfalls rotationssymmetrisch aufgebau-ten ECD-Durchströmungszelle dann die etwa 30 Mikrometer dicke, magnetostriktive Ak-torschicht auf dem PVD-Schichtsystem abgeschieden, im Vergleich sowohl reine Nickel-Schichten als auch Nickel-Eisen-Schichten. Ein äußeres Magnetfeld dehnt die magnetostriktive Aktorschicht und damit auch die Faser reversibel. Diese Dehnung führt zu einer Verschiebung der Bragg-Wellenlänge, welche direkt mit der Stärke eines zu messenden oder zu Validierungszwecken vorgegebenen Magnetfeldes korreliert. Die Anpassung der Beschichtungsverfahren an die Fasergeome-trie und die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Hybridschichten werden hinsichtlich der me-chanischen Integrität des faseroptischen Sensors diskutiert und der Nachweis der Selbst-diagnosefähigkeit erbracht. T2 - 13. ThGOT Thementage Grenz- und Oberflächentechnik und 11. Thüringer Biomaterial-Kolloquium CY - Zeulenroda, Germany DA - 13.03.2018 KW - Magneto-optischer Sensor KW - Faser-Bragg Gitter KW - Magnetostriktive Beschichtung KW - Selbstkalibrierung KW - Bauteilmonitoring PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44598 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Hielscher, Stefan A1 - Lange, Thorid A1 - Grunwald, Daniel A1 - Stockmann, Jörg M. A1 - Lerche, D. A1 - Rietz, U. T1 - Die Zentrifuge als universelles Prüfsystem für Beanspruchungen auf Zug und Druck N2 - Mit der Zentrifugentechnologie ist seit einigen Jahren ein neuartiges Mehr-Proben-Prüf-verfahren auf dem Markt etabliert, welches die klassische Zugprüfung in den Trommelrotor einer Tischzentrifuge überträgt. In der Beanspruchung auf Zug ist die Prüfung der Verbundfestigkeit mittels CAT-Technologie (centrifugal adhesion testing) an der BAM seit 2017 nach DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025 akkreditiert, wobei die Verbundfestigkeit von Klebungen direkt bestimmt wird und in Abhängigkeit von den Versagensformen Rückschlüsse auf die Klebfestigkeit von Klebstoffen/Klebebändern oder die Haftfestigkeit von Beschichtungen gezogen werden können. T2 - 13. ThGOT Thementage Grenz- und Oberflächentechnik und 11. Thüringer Biomaterial-Kolloquium CY - Zeulenroda, Germany DA - 13.03.2018 KW - Zentrifugentechnologie KW - Haftfestigkeit KW - Härteprüfung KW - Mehr-Proben-Prüfung KW - Beanspruchung auf Zug und Druck PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44570 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Fischer, Daniel A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Stockmann, Jörg M. A1 - Weise, Matthias T1 - Ellipsometric imaging of low-contrast surface modifications and depolarization contrast imaging (DCI) of particulate accumulations N2 - Imaging of surfaces regarding topographical, morphological, micro-structural, and chemical features is a key requirement for quality control for the identification of contaminated, degraded, damaged or deliberately modified surface areas vs. clean, virgin, undamaged or unmodified regions. As optical functions may represent any of these changes on the micro- and nano-scale, imaging ellipsometry (IE) is the technique of choice using either intensity, phase, or/and amplitude contrast for visualization of low-contrast surface modifications [1, 2]. Defects or surface and film features whether native or artificial, intended or unintended, avoidable or unavoidable as well as surface pattern are of interest for quality control. In contrast to microscopic techniques operated at normal incidence, ellipsometry as oblique-incidence technique provides improved contrast for vertically nano-scaled add-on or sub-off features such as ultra-thin transparent films, metallic island films, carbon-based thin films, laser modification or laser induced damage, dried stain, cleaning agent or polymeric residue. Two-sample reference techniques, i.e. referenced spectroscopic ellipsometry (RSE) may further increase sensitivity and decrease measurement time. In case of particulate accumulations depolarization contrast imaging (DCI) may improve the lateral resolution beyond the Abbe limit. This has been proven for silica spheres as reference in terms of single particles, particulate accumulations or particulate monolayers and layer stacks. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used for reference measurements of particle diameter, particle height, or particulate layer/accumulation thickness. It has been shown that single silica particles of 250 nm in diameter, i.e. at least a factor of 4 better than the lateral resolution limit as of now, can be visualized on even substrates. However, the ellipsometric measurement of particle diameters of this size needs further efforts interpretation. T2 - Workshop Ellipsometry 2018 CY - Chemnitz, Germaný DA - 19.03.2018 KW - Low-contrast surface modifications KW - Particulate distributions KW - Imaging ellipsometry(IE) KW - Depolarization contrast imaging (DCI) PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44548 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Baier, Jennifa A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Sahre, Marion A1 - Weise, Matthias T1 - Particles in PVD-coatings: Imperfection or functional add-on feature? N2 - The application of PVD-coatings ranges from mechanical engineering, i.e. thicker tribological coatings, to precision optics, i.e. thinner optical coatings. For physical vapor deposition (PVD) technologies such as evaporation, sputtering, ion beam assisted/driven deposition, vacuum is a prerequisite for two reasons: at first process-related ones (evaporation source, plasma discharge, and mean free path) and at second coating-related ones (pure, perfect, and dense films). Usually, the goal is a homogenous coating of defined stoichiometry and micro-structure without any imperfection. However, the implementation of micro- or nano-particles may occur accidentally or delibe-rately. Independent of the particle origin, there are two fundamental rules regarding coating functionality: at first, the larger the particle diameter to coating thickness ratio the more affected the functionality of the coating, and at second, the larger the material contrast in terms of the functional feature of interest the more affected the coating performance. Hence, embedded particles have to be avoided for the majority of thin films by all means. The unintended implementation of particles usually results in a malfunction of the coating from the beginning or is at least considered as a weak point of the coating creating a time-dependent defect under service conditions. The intended implementation of particles on surfaces and in coatings may create add-on features, topographic ones and functional ones, however, the facts mentioned hold true. Examples of particle-initiated coating defects are demonstrated in dependence on the origin and the field of application. Strategies for deliberate attachment/embedding of particles on surfaces/in coatings are discussed regarding process compatibility and coating integrity. For industrial applications, both the validation of process compatibility of particle injection and the plasma resistance of particles under vacuum and plasma conditions have to be confirmed. Further points of interest are the homogeneity of particle distribution and the avoidance of particle agglomeration which is still a crucial point for dry dispersed particles. So far, technical applications are limited to PVD hybrid coatings, plasma dispersion coatings are still a challenge except for applications where homogeneity is not required as in case of product authentication. T2 - ICMCTF 2018, International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY - San Diego, CA, USA DA - 23.04.2018 KW - PVD-coatings KW - PVD-processes KW - Unintended particle generation KW - Particles as imperfections KW - Deliberate particle implementation KW - Particles as add-on features PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44973 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Fischer, Daniel A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Mitzkus, Anja A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Köppe, Enrico A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Basedau, Frank A1 - Hofmann, Detlef A1 - Schukar, Vivien A1 - Kormunda2, M. T1 - Multi-functional coatings for optical sensor applications: Surface plasmon resonance & magneto-optical coupling N2 - Multi-functional coatings are a key requirement for surface engineering. General demands are adhesion and long-term stability under service conditions. The modification of surfaces by means of PVD-, ECD- or hybrid processes allows an add-on functionalization of surfaces by a huge diversity of materials with both lateral and vertical micro-/nano-designs. This fact is a prerequisite for micro- and sensor-systems in lab-on-chip and sensor-on-chip technology. Two layer-based sensor principles are presented, i.e. surface plasmon resonance enhanced spectroscopic ellipsometry (SPREE) for detection of hazardous gases and magneto-optical sensors on smart-coated fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) for structural health monitoring (SHM). The interdependence of substrate features, coating properties, and layer design is discussed firstly for gas sensitivity and selectivity of SPREE-sensors and secondly for sensitivity and selectivity of magneto-strictive coatings to mechanical strain or external magnetic fields resulting in an optical displacement of the Bragg wavelength of FBG-sensors. Moreover, generic features such long-term stability, crucial process-related fabrication conditions, and effects of operational and environmental parameters are discussed with respect to the sensor performance. It has been shown that appropriate layer design and adapted selection of layer materials (SnOx/Au, Fe/Ni:SnOx/Au; Ni/NiFe-Cu-Cr) result in improved sensor parameters and may enable new sensor applications. T2 - SVC TechCon 2018 CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 05.05.2018 KW - Multi-functional coatings for sensors KW - Surface plasmon resonance enhanced ellipsometry (SPREE) KW - Gas monitoring KW - Magneto-optical coupling (MOC) KW - Structural health monitoring (SHM) PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44976 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Winkler, J. T1 - Standardization of ellipsometry N2 - The talk addresses the STANDARDIZATION OF ELLIPSOMETRY and the following points are discussed in more detail: historical background of ellipsometry, history of International Conferences on Ellipsometry, Workshops Ellipsometry in Germany and Europe, information on German/European Working Group Ellipsometry, technical/industrial importance of ellipsometry, applications on non-ideal material systems and standardization activities on ellipsometry. T2 - DIN NA Dünne Schichten für die Optik, Mainz CY - Mainz, Germany DA - 06.06.2018 KW - Standardization KW - Ellipsometry KW - Modelling KW - Accreditation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45167 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Hielscher-Hofinger, Stefan A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Lange, Thorid A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Lerche, D. A1 - Rietz, U. T1 - Adhesion of Coatings vs. Strength of Composite Materials – A Review of Applications Evaluated by Centrifugal Adhesion Testing (CAT) N2 - Sufficient adhesion/tensile strength are basic requirements for any coating/composite material. For coatings, adhesive strength in N/mm2 is of Major interest for various applications such as decorative and water-repellent coatings on wood (paints and varnishes), optical coatings on glass and polymers (reflectors and filters), electrical coatings on semiconductors, glass and polymers (conducting and bondable layers), mechanical coatings on metals and polymers (wear-reduction, scratch-resistance) and adhesion-promoting layers. For composite materials, tensile strength in N/mm2 is also a key quantity for carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFC), laminates and adhesive-bonded joints. Centrifugal adhesion testing (CAT) transfers the single-sample tensile test from a tensile or universal testing machine into an analytical centrifuge as multiple-sample test of up to eight test pieces. The one-sided sample support instead of a two-sided sample clamping and the absence of mounting- and testing-correlated shear forces provides fast and reliable results both for adhesive strength and bonding strength by means of bonded test stamps. For bonding strength, the evaluation of failure pattern from microscopic inspection is required in order to determine the failure pattern according to ISO 10365 such as adhesive failure (AF), delamination failure (DF) and cohesive failure (CF). Hence, one test run by CAT-technology provides either statistics or ranking of up to eight samples at once. For adhesive strength of coatings, a variety of examples is discussed such as ALD-Al203 layers as adhesion promoters, evaporated Ag-layers on N-BK7 glass, sputtered Cr- and Al-layers on Borofloat 33 glass, evaporated Au-films on N-BK7 glass and sputtered SiO2 -layers on CR39 Polymer. Provided adhesive or bonding strength are high enough, the substrate or the joining part may also fail. T2 - Special PSE 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 07.09.2020 KW - Centrifugal adhesion testing (CAT) KW - Adhesive strength KW - Pull-off test KW - Failure pattern KW - Compound strength PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51231 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Hielscher-Hofinger, Stefan A1 - Kubitzki, Jan A1 - Lerche, D. A1 - Rietz, U. T1 - Zentrifugentechnologie zur statistischen Untersuchung von Stumpfklebungen: Ergebnisse ZENSUS-Ringversuchs N2 - Der Vortrag widmet sich der „Zentrifugentechnologie zur statistischen Untersuchung von Stumpfklebungen“ und beschreibt drei wesentlich verschiedene Realsysteme (Fügefläche 1/Klebstoff/ Fügefläche 2), um die Statistik ZPM (wiederholte Ein-Proben-Prüfung) vs. CAT (Mehr-Proben-Prüfung) zu vergleichen. Dazu wurden drei unterschiedliche Klebstoff-klassen mit typischen Fügeteilmaterialkombinationen ausgewählt und in einem Vorversuch mit jeweils 3 unterschiedlichen Prüfgeschwindigkeiten sowohl im Weg-geregelten als auch Kraft-geregelten Mode beansprucht. Die Ergebnisse ZPM vs. CAT und Kraft- vs. Weg-Regelung des Vorversuches zeigten keinerlei Unterschiede auf. Im Ergebnis wurde ein Ringversuch im Kraft-geregelten Mode (6xZPM vs. 8xCAT) für ein Referenzsystem durchgeführt, der nachwies, dass die CAT-Technologie statistisch relevante Prüfergebnisse zur Klebfestigkeit bereitstellt. Es zeigte sich, dass für zwei ZPM-Teilnehmer im Vertrauensbereich 99% statistisch signifikant etwas kleinere Werte der Klebfestigkeit bestimmt wurden, was auf geringfügige Abweichungen von der axialen Ausrichtung des eingespannten Prüflings bei der Ein-Proben-ZPM-Zugprüfung zurückgeführt wird. T2 - VCI CY - Frankfurt/Main, Germany DA - 10.03.2020 KW - Zentrifugentechnologie KW - Statistischen Untersuchung KW - Normung KW - Prüfgeschwindigkeiten KW - Stumpfklebungen PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50581 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Hielscher-Hofinger, Stefan A1 - Weise, Matthias T1 - Mechanische, topometrische und optische Charakterisierung von Schichten mit Stand der Normung N2 - Der Vortrag „MECHANISCHE, TOPOMETRISCHE UND OPTISCHE CHARAKTERISIERUNG VON SCHICHTEN MIT STAND DER NORMUNG“ widmet sich unterschiedlichen Beschichtungssystemen und deren mechanischer, topometrischer und optischer Charakterisierung. Über die entsprechenden aktuellen Normen wird informiert. Es betrifft Verfahren wie die Instrumentierte Eindringprüfung (IIT), Centrifugal Adhesion Testing, Weißlichtinterferenzmikroskopie, Tastschnittverfahren und Ellipsometrie (SE). T2 - EFDS, V2019, Vakuum und Plasma CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 08.10.2019 KW - Normung KW - Spektrale Ellipsometrie (SE) KW - Instrumentierte Eindringprüfung (IIT) KW - Centrifugal Adhesion Testing (CAT) KW - Weißlichtinterferenzmikroskopie (WLIM, 3D) PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49320 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Plasma Germany, Fachausschuss Normung, Berichtszeitraum Herbst 2018 – Frühjahr 2019 N2 - Der Vortrag gibt den aktuellen Stand der Normung im Bereich der Oberflächentechnik insbesondere der Oberflächenanalytik und der Oberflächenmess- und -prüftechnik wider. Vorgestellt wird der Status technischer Berichte, Normenentwürfe und Normen u.a. zur Bewertung von Auflösung und Schärfe mit strahlbasierten Methoden im Nanometer- und Mikrometerbereich, zur Messung von Schichtdicken und Nanopartikeln in kritischen Dimensionen einschließlich Größen- und Formverteilungen mittels REM, zur Messung der Schichtdicke von Nanomaterialien und zur Klassifizierung von Kohlenstoffschichten mittels Ellipsometrie, zur Standardisierung der Ellipsometrie, zur Kalibrierung von Konfokalmikros-kopen für die Formmessung, zur linear elastisch dynamischen instrumentierten Eindringprüfung, zur Messung der flächenbezogenen Masse mittels AAS und ICP, zur Schichtpotentialmessung von Mehrfach-Nickelschichten, zur Schichtdicken und Flächen-widerstandsbestimmung sowie zur Bestimmung der Schichthaftung mittels Zentrifugentechnologie. T2 - Plasma Germany, Fachausschuss Normung, CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 09.04.2019 KW - Stand der Normung KW - Oberflächenanalytik KW - Oberflächenmesstechnik KW - Qualitätssicherung PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48874 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Plasma Germany, Fachausschuss Normung, Berichtszeitraum Frühjahr 2018 - Herbst 2018 N2 - Der Vortrag gibt den aktuellen Stand der Normung im Bereich der Oberflächen-technik insbesondere der Oberflächenanalytik und der Oberflächenmess- und -prüftechnik wider. Vorgestellt wird der Status technischer Berichte, Normenentwürfe und Normen u.a. zur Charakterisierung von funktionellen Glasoberflächen für bioanalytische Anwendungen, zur Messung der Schichtdicke von Nanomaterialien mittels Ellipsometrie, zur Kalibrierung von Interferometern und Interferenzmikroskopen für die Formmessung, zur Rockwelleindringprüfung zur Bewertung der Schicht-haftung, zu den Grundlagen der Ellipsometrie, zur Messung der Schichtdicke mittels Wirbelstromverfahren, zur Schichtpotentialmessung von Mehrfach-Nickelschichten, zu Filtern und Augenschutzgeräten gegen Laserstrahlung sowie zur Bestimmung der Schichthaftung mittels Zugversuch. T2 - Fachausschuss Normung, Herbstsitzung CY - Jena, Germany DA - 06.11.2018 KW - Stand der Normung KW - Oberflächentechnik KW - Oberflächenanalytik KW - Oberflächenmesstechnik KW - Oberflächenprüftechnik PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-48894 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Hielscher-Hofinger, Stefan A1 - Lange, Thorid A1 - Stockmann, Jörg M. A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Rietz, U. A1 - Lerche, D. T1 - Centrifugal force meets materials testing – analytical centrifuge as multipurpose tool for tensile and compressive stress testing N2 - Up until several years ago, tensile and compressive tests have been exclusively carried out as single-sample tests within a tensile, hardness or universal testing machine. The availability of centrifuge technology changed this situation in 2013 in several ways because centrifugal force is used as testing force within a rotational reference frame. Firstly, multiple-sample strength testing became feasible for both tensile load condi-tions, e.g. determination of composite, bonding or adhesive strength, and compressive load conditions, e.g. hardness, compressibility and compactibility. Secondly, there is no need for a two-sided sample clamping and double-cardanic suspensions as samples are simply inserted using a one-sided sample support. Thirdly, shear forces can be avoided by means of guiding sleeves which steer test stamps acting as mass bodies for either tensile or compressive testing. Fourthly, up to eight samples can be tested under identical conditions within a very short period of time, typically within 15 minutes including sample loading and unloading. Hence, either a reliable statistics (of identical samples) or a ranking (of different samples) can be derived from one test run. The bench-top test system is described in detail and demonstrated that centrifugal force acts as testing force in an appropriate way because Euler and Coriolis force do not affect the testing results. Examples for both tensile strength testing, i.e. bonding strength of adhesives-bonded joints and adhesive strength of coatings, and compres-sive strength testing, i.e. Vickers-, Brinell- and ball indentation hardness and deter-mination of spring constants, are presented, discussed and compared with conven-tional tests within tensile, hardness or universal testing machines. At present, a maximum testing force of 6.5 kN can be realized which results at test stamp diameters of 5 mm, 7 mm, and 10 mm in tensile or compressive stress values of 80 MPa, 160 MPa, and 320 MPa. For tensile strength, this is already beyond bonding strength of cold- and warm-curing adhesives. Moreover, centrifuge technology is compliant to standards such as EN 15870, EN ISO 4624, EN ISO 6506/6507 and VDI/VDE 2616. Programmable test cycles allow both short-term stress and log-term fatigue tests. Based on a variety of examples of surface and bonding technology, applications in both fields R&D and QC are presented. Meanwhile, centrifuge technology is also accredited according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025. T2 - Intermationa Conference Dispersion Analysis & Materials Testing CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.05.2019 KW - Centrifugal Force KW - Compressive Stress KW - Tensile Stress PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48310 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -