TY - JOUR A1 - Gotor, Raúl A1 - Rurack, Knut A1 - Bell, Jérémy T1 - Fluorescent Paper Strips for the Detection of Diesel Adulteration with Smartphone Read-out JF - Journal of Visualized Experiments N2 - Three fluorescent molecular rotors of 4-dimethylamino-4-nitrostilbene (4-DNS) were investigated for their potential use as viscosity probes to indicate the content of kerosene in diesel/kerosene blends, a wide-spread activity to adulterate fuel. In solvents with low viscosity, the dyes rapidly deactivate via a so-called twisted intramolecular charge transfer state, efficiently quenching the fluorescence. Measurements of diesel/kerosene blends revealed a good linear correlation between the decrease in fluorescence and the increase of the fraction of the less viscous kerosene in diesel/kerosene blends. Immobilization of the hydroxy derivative 4-DNS-OH in cellulose paper yielded test strips that preserve the fluorescent indicator's behavior. Combination of the strips with a reader based on a smartphone and a controlling app allowed to create a simple field test. The method can reliably detect the presence of kerosene in diesel from 7 to 100%, outperforming present standard methods for diesel adulteration. KW - Diesel KW - Kerosene KW - Adulteration KW - Fluorescent sensor KW - Smartphone KW - Test strips PY - 2018 UR - https://www.jove.com/video/58019 DO - https://doi.org/10.3791/58019 VL - 141 SP - e58019-1 EP - e58019-6 PB - MyJoVE Corporation CY - Cambridge, MA, USA AN - OPUS4-46567 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - "Deviceless" self-sustained oscillatory diffusive burning of TBPB and hybrid fuels JF - Fuel processing technology N2 - An extraordinary deviceless self-sustained oscillatory diffusive burning is observed in tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) (technical pure) and hybrid fuel, i.e., TBPB and kerosene (both 50%) flames when burned in form of pool fires. Such oscillations or more precisely self-sustained deviceless control of mass burning (flow) is not reported till date. Generally, devices comprising electronic control system and/or mechanical means (valves) are necessary to produce such oscillatory burning or control of fuel flow. This unique oscillation is strongly recorded for pool diameters of 6 cm ≤ d ≤ 11 cm beyond which the effect was weakened and unseen (hid) visually. The fuel regression (loss) takes place in irregular time steps and is formulated in form of a step function. The variation in fuel mass burning rates, visible flame lengths and radiation heat fluxes with time are measured as respective representatives of oscillations. The periodicity in the strongest oscillations in relative visible flame lengths is investigated and the measured data are found to be best fitted in sinusoidal form. Both, chemical and thermal effects are shown to be possibly responsible for such effects. Furthermore, a theory is offered to characterise similar effect showing fuels. KW - Self-sustained KW - Oscillatory burning KW - TBPB KW - Kerosene KW - Diffusion flame KW - Flow rate control PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.07.010 SN - 0016-2361 SN - 0378-3820 SN - 1873-7153 VL - 116 SP - 339 EP - 345 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-29013 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -