TY - CONF A1 - Ebell, Gino T1 - Investigations to determine the damage pattern for H-induced stress corrosion cracking at QT prestressing steel N2 - Prestressed steel bridges that were constructed in the past using tempered prestressing steel can develop significant problems with regard to load-bearing capacity under unfavourable conditions during their construction. In particular, hydrogen-induced stress corrosion cracking during the construction of the bridge structures may have caused cracks in the prestressing tendons, which could lead to the failure of the bridge years later. The presentation specifically addresses the partial collapse of the Carola Bridge in Dresden. T2 - BIM4CE CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia DA - 03.03.2026 KW - Corrosion KW - Stress corrosion cracking KW - Hydrogen PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65641 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - Investigating the Thermal Decomposition of PFAS in a Full-Scale Commercial Hazardous Waste Incinerator (SERDP ER24-4073) N2 - Effective and safe treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-laden waste in full-scale hazardous waste facilities is currently the only commercial method for large-scale PFAS destruction, but concerns remain about incomplete combustion and harmful byproducts. Therefore, the fate of fluorine during incineration was investigated in a full-scale hazardous waste incinerator to assess the viability and potential risks of this method. The project involves developing advanced analytical tools, including real-time infrared spectroscopy, and conducting trial burns under varied conditions. Conditions that influence incineration performance are identified, analyzing for products of incomplete destruction (PIDs), exploring the role of fly ash and surfaces in PFAS breakdown, and evaluating the potential formation of polyfluorinated dioxins and furans. Collectively, these tasks aim to deliver practical tools and guidance for scientists and engineers, while informing policymakers and the public on the benefits and potential risks of PFAS incineration. T2 - DoW Applied Innovation Workshop CY - Washington, DC, USA DA - 02.03.2026 KW - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Incineration PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65639 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - Investigating the Thermal Decomposition of PFAS in a Full-Scale Commercial Hazardous Waste Incinerator N2 - Effective and safe treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-laden waste in full-scale hazardous waste facilities is currently the only commercial method for large-scale PFAS destruction, but concerns remain about incomplete combustion and harmful byproducts. Therefore, the fate of fluorine during incineration was investigated in a full-scale hazardous waste incinerator to assess the viability and potential risks of this method. The project involves developing advanced analytical tools, including real-time infrared spectroscopy, and conducting trial burns under varied conditions. Conditions that influence incineration performance are identified, analyzing for products of incomplete destruction (PIDs), exploring the role of fly ash and surfaces in PFAS breakdown, and evaluating the potential formation of polyfluorinated dioxins and furans. Collectively, these tasks aim to deliver practical tools and guidance for scientists and engineers, while informing policymakers and the public on the benefits and potential risks of PFAS incineration. T2 - DoW Applied Innovation Workshop CY - Washington, DC, USA DA - 02.03.2026 KW - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Incineration PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65638 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - George, Janine T1 - Openness, Curiosity and Identity N2 - I am introducing early-career researchers to my view on the academic career. I highlighted openness with regard to people. I mentioned my interest in multiple fields of the natural sciences, driving my curiosity. I additionally highlight my core belief that science is a team sport. T2 - Open Minds – Exploring Science Careers CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.03.2026 KW - Materials Informatics PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65632 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bayat, Mehmet Emin T1 - Traceable dynamic and gravimetric preparation of trace ammonia in hydrogen gas standards for ISO 14687 N2 - Trace ammonia impurities in hydrogen fuel poison proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), causing irreversible performance degradation. Accurate quantification of ammonia in so-called Grade D hydrogen fuel is crucial for ensuring PEMFCs long-term operational stability and performance. According to ISO 14687 grade D hydrogen fuel sets a stringent threshold value of just 100 nmol/mol for ammonia impurities. Given the potential of an ammonia-based hydrogen supply chain, reliable quantification of ammonia contamination appears even more relevant. Hydrogen quality assessments for ammonia impurities typically employ techniques such as gas chromatography, cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy, or mass spectrometry. These techniques, however, require stable reference gases for calibration and long-term method validation. Typically, gravimetrically produced reference gases are used. However, ammonia poses unique challenges due to its chemical reactivity and stickiness. By applying (ultra )long-path Optical Feedback Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy we observed that above a certain amount of ammonia, the gravimetric amount deviates from the analytically determined amount. This discrepancy most likely arises due to strong adsorption of ammonia onto the inner surface of the gas cylinder. Therefore, we investigated the lowest gravimetrically preparable amount of ammonia in hydrogen for which the analytically measured amount of the cylinder remains congruent with the gravimetric amount of substance. We further investigated the applicability of passivated cylinders for trace ammonia gas standards and compared their performance to aluminum alloy cylinders. To confirm reproducibility of our results, we conducted three independent gravimetric preparation campaigns, each employing optimizations, or changes in methodology, at different times. Finally, we investigated whether those gravimetrically prepared trace amounts of ammonia in hydrogen gas standards were long-term-stable. Beyond gravimetrically prepared gas standards, we evaluated how a cutting-edge dynamic dilution system could reliably extend trace-ammonia calibration down to the ISO limit of 100 nmol/mol. For this purpose, we developed an advanced dynamic dilution system capable of a one-in-a-billion dilution ratio, validated for its SI traceability, reproducibility, and operational limits by applying an internal standard. In summary, our results demonstrate that precise dynamic dilution, coupled with concentrated gravimetrically prepared ammonia gas mixture, provides a route to full SI-traceable trace-ammonia reference sample gases. T2 - Gas Analysis Symposium 2026 CY - Paris, France DA - 27.01.2026 KW - Ammonia KW - Hydrogen KW - Gravimetric preparation KW - OF-CEAS KW - ISO 14687 PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65620 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lohrke, Heiko T1 - Combined GNSS/Visual Inter-Robot Tracking Method for Open-Path Gas Tomography N2 - Methane emissions are a significant environmental and safety concern, yet many gas tomography systems intended to measure them require manual alignment, reliable high-bandwidth links, or fiducials. We present a lightweight, fully autonomous framework enabling line-of-sight inter-robot Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) measurements without such constraints. A sensor robot equipped with a gimbal-mounted TDLAS unit tracks a reflector robot bearing an illuminated, color-controllable target. Coarse localization is achieved via RTK-GNSS, with vision-based fine tracking and passive time synchronization handled onboard. The system, based on off-the-shelf Pixhawk controllers and ArduPilot firmware, was validated in a 15m × 7m outdoor trial. Despite GNSS inaccuracies and deliberate occlusion by a methane-filled bag, the system retained lock, recovered from visual loss in under one second, and captured a 2800 ppm·m plume signature. These results demonstrate robust, scalable methane sensing for mobile gas tomography or standalone leak detection. Core components are released open-source to support future deployment. T2 - IEEE SENSORS 2025 CY - Vancouver, BC, Canada DA - 19.10.2025 KW - Gas tomography KW - Tracking KW - Robot KW - Methane KW - TDLAS PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65617 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Küttenbaum, S. A1 - Braml, T. A1 - Kainz, C. A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Taffe, A. T1 - Guidance on inspection-supported reliability assessment of existing bridges in Germany N2 - This contribution is intended to disseminate the contents of a national recommendation for Action draft for the inspection-based reliability analysis of existing bridges. The focus is on the utilization of non-destructive testing methods for verifications in both the ultimate and the serviceability Limit states. First, the contents of the developed recommendation for action are outlined. The Guideline covers the process from the purposeful definition of inspection strategies via the quality assessment of measured information to the partial factor-based assessment under consideration of qualityevaluated on-site inspection results. Secondly, the concept of the drafted recommendation for action is demonstrated using a prestressed concrete bridge as a case study. T2 - IABSE Symposium Tokyo 2025 CY - Tokyo, Nippon DA - 18.05.2025 KW - Life management KW - Brücken KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Civil engineering KW - State-of-the-art PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2024.2363597 VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-65630 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jaffer, Yousuf Dar A1 - Abdolahpur Monikh, Fazel A1 - Nguyen, Nhung H.A. A1 - Sevcu, Alena A1 - Abdulkadir, Nafiu A1 - Raha, Jakub A1 - Katsumiti, Alberto A1 - Bilbao, Ainhoa A1 - Altman, Korinna A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter T1 - Bio-based microplastics increase the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in aquatic environments N2 - The role of microplastics as vectors for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is increasingly recognized. This study investigated whether bio-based microplastics, often promoted as environmentally friendly alternatives, exhibit similar or enhanced HGT potential compared to conventional plastics. We examined the HGT rates of the trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrA1) and tetracycline resistance gene (tetA), carried on a broad-host-range plasmid, among Escherichia coli (donor) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas sp., or a natural lake microbial community (recipients). Four bio-based polymer types—polylactic acid (PLA) granules, commercial PLA, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) granules, and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)- were compared with two conventional microplastics, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and bottle-derived HDPE. The bio-based microplastics exhibited significantly higher HGT frequencies, with a 21–48-fold increase compared to control chitosan in single-strain experiments and a 13-fold increase within the lake microbial community. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed distinct bacterial community compositions colonizing different microplastic types in the lake water. The transconjugant communities, indicative of successful HGT events, were strongly influenced by microplastic type. While Nannocystis was generally dominant, the PLA (granule) microplastic exhibited a unique profile dominated by Candidatus Megaira and Niveispirillum. Additionally, Flavobacterium and Fluviicola were uniquely detected as transconjugants on HDPE (granule). These findings demonstrate that bioplastics have a significant influence on the selective enrichment of specific transconjugant genera, suggesting a prominent role of microplastics, particularly bio-based plastics, in shaping ARG dissemination within complex microbial ecosystems. We recommend a comprehensive risk assessment of bio-based plastics, particularly their potential to enhance the spread of ARGs, before their widespread implementation in consumer products. KW - Microplastics KW - Bioplastics KW - Conventional plastics KW - Antibiotik resistence gene PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-656293 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2026.100613 SN - 2452-0748 VL - 41 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-65629 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saeed, A. M. A1 - Saied, M. A. A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Fahmy, Alaa T1 - High performance novel polyelectrolyte membrane consisting of polyvinyl alcohol-phenylsilanol-polypyrrole N2 - The synthesis of composite membranes based on PVA, PPy, and sulfonated–hydrolyzed TMPS was investigated for application in proton–exchange membrane fuel cells. FT–IR confirmed the hydrolysis of TMPS through the appearance of Si–OH vibrations, disappearance of Si–O–CH3 bands, reduced CH3 stretching intensity (2840 cm− 1), and successful sulfonation of the phenyl ring (1030 cm− 1). XPS verified the introduction of sulfonic acid groups by identifying S2p peaks between 166–170 eV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed an incorporation of PPy and that the membrane morphology altered by silanol leading to an increased surface roughness and inducing phase separation in comparison to pure PVA. The PVA–PPy–Si membrane which did not undergo phase separation demonstrated improved mechanical stability (maximum stress 5.91 MPa), reduced methanol uptake (22%, lower than Nafion’s 30%), and enhanced thermal resistance compared to PVA–PPy and PVA–Si. It also exhibited a high ion–exchange capacity (1.5mmol g− 1, exceeding Nafion® at 0.9mmol g− 1 ) and a proton conductivity of 0.036 S/cm, twice that of Nafion 117. These combined properties identify the PVA–PPy–Si composite as a promising high–performance polyelectrolyte membrane for fuel cell applications. KW - Polyelectrolyte membrane PY - 2026 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166495 SN - 1873-5584 VL - 731 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-65627 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Portela, Raquel A1 - Barbero, Francesco A1 - Breuninger, Esther A1 - Camassa, Laura Maria Azzurra A1 - Cirkovic Velickovic, Tanja A1 - Charitidis, Costas A1 - Costa, Anna A1 - Fadda, Marta A1 - Fengler, Petra A1 - Fenoglio, Ivana A1 - Giovannozzi, Andrea M. A1 - Haugen, Øyvind Pernell A1 - Kainourgios, Panagiotis A1 - von der Kammer, Frank A1 - Kirchner, Markus J. A1 - Lomax-Vogt, Madeleine A1 - Lujic, Tamara A1 - Milczewski, Frank A1 - Moussawi, Mhamad Aly A1 - Ortelli, Simona A1 - Parac-Vogt, Tatjana N. A1 - Potthoff, Annegret A1 - Reinosa, Julian J. A1 - Röschter, Sophie A1 - Sacco, Alessio A1 - Wimmer, Lukas A1 - Zanoni, Ilaria A1 - Dailey, Lea Ann T1 - Correction: Characterizing nanoplastic suspensions of increasing complexity: Inter-laboratory comparison of size measurements using dynamic light scattering N2 - Correction for ‘Characterizing nanoplastic suspensions of increasing complexity: Inter-laboratory comparison of size measurements using dynamic light scattering’ by Korinna Altmann et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2025, 12, 5242–5256, https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EN00645G. PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-656330 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d6en90001a SN - 2051-8153 VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 1233 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-65633 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scholl, Juliane A1 - Scharpmann, Philippa A1 - Bagheri, Abbas A1 - Lisec, Jan A1 - Meiers, Emelie A1 - Jaeger, Carsten A1 - Leonhardt, Robert A1 - Haase, Hajo A1 - Koch, Matthias T1 - Beyond the lab: Real-world composition of commercial Li-ion battery electrolytes N2 - This study presents a systematic, characterization of electrolytes from commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIB), encompassing 90 batteries from leading global manufacturers across diverse formats and application sectors. An integrated, complementary mass spectrometric workflow combining LC–MS/MS, GC–MS, and high-resolution MS was employed. To ensure robust structural annotation, molecular identifications were assigned confidence levels following Schymanski et al. (2014). Across all formats, PF6− was confirmed as the dominant Li+ counterion, frequently coexisting with BF4−, PO2F2−, and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI−), forming binary and ternary salt systems optimized for both conductivity and safety. Solvent systems revealed the widespread use of propylene carbonate (PC) combined with diverse carbonate mixtures, demonstrating trends in performance optimization specific to cell format. A variety of additives were identified, reflecting a clear shift towards multifunctional, synergistic additive packages and the gradual replacement of fluorinated species with environmentally safer alternatives. Cycling studies demonstrated that electrolyte degradation mechanisms are strongly influenced by electrode composition and additive chemistry, with oxidative degradation pathways dominating. Together, these findings provide rare empirical insight into the evolving formulation strategies of electrolytes in commercial LIB, still employing classic carbonates and LiPF6, but highlighting a trend toward safer, more robust, and sustainable electrolyte architectures by using synergistic multifunctional systems. KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Lithium-ion batteries KW - Electrolyte degradation PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-656254 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239739 SN - 0378-7753 VL - 673 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-65625 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernal, S. A. A1 - Angst, U. M. A1 - Provis, J. L. A1 - Thiel, C. A1 - Gluth, Gregor A1 - Villagran-Zaccardi, Y. A1 - De Belie, N. T1 - Recommendation of RILEM TC 281-CCC: RILEM CPC-18R1—guideline for measuring the carbonation depth of hardened concrete using a pH indicator solution N2 - This recommendation provides a procedure for determining the carbonation depth on the surface of concrete by applying a pH indicator. This includes definitions of carbonation, carbonation depth and carbonation front, as well as descriptions of the different pH indicator solutions that can be used. Recommendations for testing laboratory-prepared specimens and those obtained from concrete structures are also given. This involves guidelines for sample preparation and/or extraction, CO2 exposure duration, carbonation depth determination and reporting of results. A section on data interpretation is also provided, as carbonation results are used for determining durability of concrete, as well as a criterion for materials selection or for carbon uptake calculations. The new Recommendation CPC-18R1 is intended to supersede the former RILEM recommendation CPC-18, particularly when prescribed as the preferred method for evaluating and reporting carbonation depths. KW - Carbonation KW - Concrete KW - pH indicator KW - Phenolphthalein KW - Testing PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-656191 DO - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-026-02966-0 SN - 1359-5997 SN - 1871-6873 VL - 59 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Springer Nature AN - OPUS4-65619 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lohrke, Heiko A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Erdmann, Jessica A1 - Winkler, Nicolas P. A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. T1 - Combined GNSS/Visual Inter-Robot Tracking Method for Open-Path Gas Tomography N2 - Methane emissions are a significant environmental and safety concern, yet many gas tomography systems intended to measure them require manual alignment, reliable high-bandwidth links, or fiducials. We present a lightweight, fully autonomous framework enabling line-of-sight inter-robot Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) measurements without such constraints. A sensor robot equipped with a gimbal-mounted TDLAS unit tracks a reflector robot bearing an illuminated, color-controllable target. Coarse localization is achieved via RTK-GNSS, with vision-based fine tracking and passive time synchronization handled onboard. The system, based on off-the-shelf Pixhawk controllers and ArduPilot firmware, was validated in a 15m × 7m outdoor trial. Despite GNSS inaccuracies and deliberate occlusion by a methane-filled bag, the system retained lock, recovered from visual loss in under one second, and captured a 2800 ppm·m plume signature. These results demonstrate robust, scalable methane sensing for mobile gas tomography or standalone leak detection. Core components are released open-source to support future deployment. T2 - IEEE SENSORS 2025 CY - Vancouver, BC, Kanada DA - 19.10.2025 KW - Gas tomography KW - Tracking KW - Robot KW - Methane KW - TDLAS PY - 2025 SN - 979-8-3315-4467-6 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS59705.2025.11330519 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ, USA AN - OPUS4-65615 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hejazi, Bardia T1 - X-ray Computed Tomography Image Compression and Denoising with AI N2 - The ever-growing volume of data in imaging sciences stemming from advancements in imaging technology, necessitates efficient and reliable storage solutions for such large datasets. In this study, we investigated the compression of industrial X-ray computed tomography (XCT) data using deep learning and examined how these compression algorithms affect the quality of the recovered data. To determine best strategies, we investigated two different network architectures with different compression rates. The XCT data used was from a sandstone sample with a complex internal pore network. The quality of the recovered images obtained from the two different deep learning architectures with different compression rates were quantified and compared to the original input data. We showed that the most suitable architecture and compression rate can change, depending on what specific characteristics we would need to preserve for later analysis. The findings presented here can aid scientists in determining the best approaches and strategies for their data storage and analysis requirements. T2 - BAM AI & ML Symposium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 06.11.2025 KW - X-ray computed tomography KW - Compression KW - Deep Learning PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65610 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cakir, Cafer Tufan T1 - Algorithm-Assisted Multimodal Synchrotron Experiments: XRD–XES Integration and SpecTwin N2 - Multimodal synchrotron-based techniques are emerging as powerful tools for advanced materials characterization, enabling simultaneous insights into both crystal and electronic structure. We present a combined X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) approach implemented in a double-dispersive setup. This configuration enables simultaneous acquisition of structural and spectroscopic information with high precision, allowing us to resolve correlations between lattice arrangements and electronic configurations under in situ conditions. To enhance experimental throughput and reproducibility, we employ digital twin concepts and optimization algorithms for experiment design and parameter control. These methods effectively eliminate trial-and-error procedures when optimizing the setup to achieve the desired resolution for XES analysis. In addition, we introduce SpecTwin, a dedicated software environment that integrates XES data analysis, simulation, and optimization routines. This combined methodology underscores the potential of algorithm-assisted multimodal X-ray experiments to advance the quantitative understanding of structure–property relationships in complex materials. T2 - Joint BAM-HZB Symposium on Multimodal Synchrotron Experiments for Next-Generation Materials Research CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 25.02.2026 KW - XAS KW - Digital Twin KW - Optimization KW - Multimodal PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65608 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ryll, Tom William T1 - Multi-modal characterization for transformation of gypsum to anhydrite N2 - We investigate recycling of gypsum waste materials and have developed a method to synthesize phase pure anhydrite in solution, while contaminants could easily be separated from products. In-situ XRD measurements were conducted in a dedicated automation setup at BESSY II to find exact reaction conditions and were supported by in-situ Raman spectroscopy. T2 - Joint BAM-HZB Symposium on Multimodal Synchrotron Experiments for Next-Generation Materials Research CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 25.02.2026 KW - Recycling KW - Automation KW - Synchrotron XRD KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Gypsum PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65607 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ruehle, Bastian T1 - A Self-Driving Lab for Nano and Advanced Materials Synthesis in a Self-Driving Lab N2 - In this contribution, we present our Self-Driving Lab (SDL) for Nano and Advanced Materials, that integrates robotics for batched autonomous synthesis – from molecular precursors to fully purified nanomaterials – with automated characterization and data analysis, for a complete and reliable nanomaterial synthesis workflow. By fully automating the processing steps for seven different materials from five representative, completely different classes of nano- and advanced materials (metal, metal oxide, silica, metal organic framework, and core–shell particles) that follow different reaction mechanisms, we demonstrate the great versatility and flexibility of the platform. The system also exhibits high modularity and adaptability in terms of reaction scales and incorporates in-line characterization measurement of hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, and optical properties (absorbance, fluorescence). We discuss the excellent reproducibility of the various materials synthesized on the platform in terms of particle size and size distribution, and the adaptability and modularity that allows access to a diverse set of nanomaterial classes. We also present several key aspects of the central backend that orchestrates the (parallelized) syntheses workflows. One key feature is the resource management or “traffic control” for scheduling and executing parallel reactions in a multi-threaded environment. Another is the interface with data analysis algorithms from in-line, at-line, and off-line measurements. Here, we will give examples of how automatic image segmentation of electron microscopy images with the help of AI can be used for reducing the “data analysis bottleneck” from an off-line measurement. We will also discuss various machine learning (ML) algorithms that are currently implemented in the backend and can be used for ML-guided, closed-loop material optimization in our SDL. Lastly, we will show our recent efforts in making the workflow generation on SDLs more user-friendly by using large language models to generate executable workflows automatically from synthesis procedures given in natural language and user-friendly graphical user interfaces based on node editors that also allow for knowledge graph extraction from the workflows. In this context, we are currently also working on a common description or ontology for representing the process steps and parameters of the workflows, which will greatly facilitate the semantic description and interoperability of workflows between different SDL hardware and software platforms. T2 - Series on Digitalisation-Meet the Experts | Special Topic: Automation CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.02.2026 KW - Self-Driving Labs KW - Materials Acceleration Platforms KW - Advanced Materials KW - Nanomaterials KW - Automation KW - Digitalization PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65604 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Beskers, Timo. F. A1 - Myxa, Anett A1 - Pursch, Matthias T1 - Round-robin test for size exclusion chromatography – Data summary N2 - Size exclusion chromatography (SEC or GPC) is one critical component of polymer analysis to meet the increasing requirements in regulatory context – namely, determination of Mn, as well as oligomers of less than 500 g mol-1 and 1000 g mol-1. The underlying test methods (OECD 118/119 and DIN EN ISO 13885 1 to 3) provide a framework for SEC measurements; however, they lack sufficient specificity to obtain accurate results. Previous SEC round robin tests were mostly performed on homopolymers and did not collect data on oligomer contents. A new round robin test was initiated and conceptualized within the Task force “Method Evaluation for Polymer REACh (MeEP)”, an initiative of “Industrieforum Analytik” within the German Chemical Society (GDCh). Samples for this study were selected to represent both easy benchmark polymers as well as real-life, industry-relevant polymer materials. Data collection focused on the regulatory requirements. Distribution of samples, gathering of individual results and evaluation were carried out by BAM. A data summary as initial result is reported here. Further evaluation and interpretation are a part of ongoing research. KW - Size exclusion chromatography KW - Polymers KW - Oligomer content KW - Round-robin test PY - 2026 DO - https://doi.org/10.26272/opus4-65587 SP - 1 EP - 84 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-65587 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lange, Diana A1 - Hahn, Oliver T1 - Colours on Maps - Purpose and Materiality N2 - Colours are an inseparable attribute of most maps. While colouring seems at first glance simply superficial ‘prettifying’ of maps, most maps were given colours for other reasons: colour is an important key to understanding the function and use of maps. The use of colours, the choice of where to assign them and the meaning given to them has accordingly never been static but has changed over time. In this context, the three aspects: colour system, colour scheme, and colour code are of particular importance. Material scientific analysis makes it possible to find out more about the material composition of colourants (pigments and dyes) on maps. The study of colourants provides insights into the production conditions and use of maps. Furthermore, it offers clues about colour changes and forms the basis for appropriate restoration concepts. T2 - Maps. Digital. Analogue CY - Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland DA - 26.02.2026 KW - Maps KW - Colours KW - Archaeometry KW - Aging PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65599 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zaki, Mohammad T1 - Nano-And Advanced Materials Synthesis In A Self-Driving Lab (SDL) N2 - Nano- and advanced materials are recognized as key enabling technologies of the 21st century, offering exceptional potential to drive innovation and tackle pressing challenges in materials science. To fully realize this potential, it is essential to develop and improve tools that accelerate their design, development, and optimization. Recognizing this pressing need, we present a Self-Driving Lab (SDL) that integrates robotics for batched autonomous synthesis – from molecular precursors to fully purified nanomaterials, with automated characterization and data analysis, for a complete and reliable nanomaterial synthesis workflow. By fully automating these three process steps for seven different materials from five representative, completely different classes of nano- and advanced materials (metal, metal oxide, silica, metal organic framework, and core–shell particles) that follow different reaction mechanisms, we demonstrate the great versatility and flexibility of the platform. The system also exhibits modularity, impressive adaptability in terms of reactions scales and incorporates in-line characterization measurement of hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, and optical properties (absorbance, fluorescence) of the nanomaterials, along with automating data analysis of at-line or off-line characterization techniques such as electron microscopy image analyses. Automated characterization and data analysis is complemented by a machine learning–driven feedback loop employing active learning algorithms (e.g., Bayesian optimization, artificial neural networks, and downhill simplex methods) to iteratively suggest new experimental parameters toward desired material properties. Therefore, the excellent reproducibility for material syntheses when run on the SDL platform multiple times, the material agnostic behavior, the adaptability, and modularity, underscore the SDL’s reliability and potential as a transformative tool for advancing the development and applications of nano- and advanced materials, offering solutions for a sustainable future. T2 - Gordon Research Seminar and Conference, Multifunctional Materials and Structures-conference CY - Ventura, CA, USA DA - 24.01.2026 KW - Self-Driving Laboratories KW - Materials Acceleration Platforms KW - Nanomaterials PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65597 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zaki, Mohammad T1 - Nano- and Advanced Materials Synthesis in a Self-Driving Lab N2 - Nano- and advanced materials are recognized as key enabling technologies of the 21st century, offering exceptional potential to drive innovation and tackle pressing challenges in materials science [1]. To fully realize this potential, it is essential to develop and improve tools that accelerate their design, development, and optimization. Recognizing this pressing need, we present a Self-Driving Lab (SDL) [2] that integrates robotics for batched autonomous synthesis – from molecular precursors to fully purified nanomaterials, with automated characterization and data analysis, for a complete and reliable nanomaterial synthesis workflow. By fully automating these three process steps for seven different materials from five representative, completely different classes of nano- and advanced materials (metal, metal oxide, silica, metal organic framework, and core–shell particles) that follow different reaction mechanisms, we demonstrate the great versatility and flexibility of the platform. The system also exhibits modularity, impressive adaptability in terms of reactions scales and incorporates in-line characterization measurement of hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, and optical properties (absorbance, fluorescence) of the nanomaterials, along with automating data analysis of at-line or off-line characterization techniques such as electron microscopy image analyses [3]. Automated characterization and data analysis is complemented by a machine learning–driven feedback loop employing active learning algorithms (e.g., Bayesian optimization, artificial neural networks, and downhill simplex methods) to iteratively suggest new experimental parameters toward desired material properties. Therefore, the excellent reproducibility for material syntheses when run on the SDL platform multiple times, the material agnostic behavior, the adaptability, and modularity, underscore the SDL’s reliability and potential as a transformative tool for advancing the development and applications of nano- and advanced materials, offering solutions for a sustainable future. T2 - Gordon Research Seminar and Conference CY - Ventura, CA, USA DA - 24.01.2026 KW - Self-Driving Laboratories KW - Materials Acceleration Platforms KW - Nanomaterials PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65596 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jägle, Eva A1 - Tuladhar, Rujika A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Epple, Niklas A1 - Sanchez Trujillo, Camila Andrea A1 - Gehlen, Christoph A1 - Timothy, Jithender J. T1 - Evaluation of ultrasonic signals collected from laboratory concrete specimens: Preprocessing and analysis with coda wave interferometry N2 - Efficient maintenance of infrastructure relies on monitoring and assessment of its condition. New technologies and methods thereby enable a deeper understanding of the materials used and of the structures built. Coda Wave Interferometry (CWI) is currently explored for continuous monitoring of reinforced concrete structures as well as material testing. This ultrasound-based method is sensitive to even small material alterations and therefore suitable for the detection of initial damage stages. Herein, a step-by-step procedure for the evaluation of ultrasonic signals with CWI methods is presented. The described procedure is proposed for ultrasonic signals collected with embedded ultrasonic transducers with a center frequency of 50 kHz to 70 kHz from prism-shaped concrete specimen with dimensions of 400 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm. The raw ultrasonic signal, preprocessing and CWI analysis are described and influences of parameters within the analysis are discussed. The presented procedure allows systematic and comparable analysis of ultrasonic signals generated with similar conditions and therefore contributes to the application of CWI methods for structural health monitoring and material testing. KW - Ultrasound KW - Concrete KW - Coda wave interferometry KW - Structural health monitoring PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-656027 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2026.103811 SN - 2215-0161 VL - 16 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-65602 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - WójciaK, K. A1 - Tokarski, T. A1 - Cios, G. A1 - Winkelmann, A. A1 - Chulist, R. A1 - Nolze, G. T1 - Unconventional Applications of Electron Backscattering Diffraction (EBSD) in Metallic Materials N2 - Electron backscattered diffraction is widely used for phase and orientation imaging of crystalline specimens. Despite the inherent complexity of diffraction images, current analysis methodologies typically focus on the position of Kikuchi bands or direct comparisons between experimental and simulated patterns. These approaches require prior knowledge of the phases to be analyzed, limiting their applicability in certain scenarios. This paper introduces an alternative methodology, crystallographic analysis of lattice metric, which extracts phase and orientation information directly from the registered diffraction pattern without requiring predefined standards. The paper outlines the methodology, discusses limitations, and demonstrates possible application in phase analysis, lattice parameter ratio mapping, and qualitative lattice distortion mapping. KW - EBSD KW - Virtual dark-field imaging KW - Lattice distortion PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-656014 DO - https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2025.156241 VL - 70 IS - 4 SP - 1619 EP - 1626 AN - OPUS4-65601 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - George, Janine T1 - Crossing Scientific Disciplines with Materials Informatics:� From Atoms to Algorithms N2 - Within this talk, I introduced students from Physics to Materials Informatics. To provide a context for this research, I have introduced the students to BAM and its tasks. I then started to introduce our activity field materials design, including materials acceleration platforms. Then, I explained how simulations speed up the materials searches as parf of materials acceleration platforms. T2 - jDPG Jena Meeting - Poland exchange CY - Jena, Germany DA - 26.02.2026 KW - Automation KW - Machine Learning KW - Materials Design KW - Batteries KW - Workflows PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65589 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sander, Luise T1 - Linking material and electrode properties to the cell performance of commercially available sodium-ion cells N2 - As the first commercial sodium-ion-batteries (SIBs) are available for purchase, it is possible to investigate material composition. Gaining an insight into the material composition of these SIBs is of interest not only for the classification of possible safety risks and hazards, but also in regard to recycling. Herein we report the preliminary investigations of the chemical and structural composition of first commercial SIB-cells.[1,2] Two different SIB-cell types were compared in terms of electrode size, thickness, loading etc. Furthermore, the composition of the active materials and electrolyte was investigated and compared. Finally, the gained results were linked to the different data sheet performance of the two cell types. T2 - Batterieforum Deutschland 2026 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.01.2026 KW - Electrochemical Energy Storage KW - Battery KW - Sodium-ion-battery KW - EES KW - Energy Storage PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65588 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eddah, Mustapha T1 - Multi-Energy High Dynamic Range (HDR) Synchrotron X-ray Computed Tomography applied to LTCC samples N2 - Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT) is regularly used in materials science to correlate structural properties with macroscopic properties and to optimize manufacturing processes. The X-ray beam energy must be adapted to the sample properties, such as size and density. If both strongly and weakly absorbing materials are present, the contrast to the weakly absorbing materials is lost, resulting in image artifacts and a poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). One example is a low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC), in which metal connections are embedded in a ceramic matrix and form 3-dimensional conducting structures. This article describes a method of combining SXCT scans acquired at different beam energies, significantly reducing metal artifacts, and improving image quality. We show how to solve the difficult task of merging the scans at low and high beam energy. Our proposed merging approach achieves up to 35% improvement in SNR within ceramic regions adjacent to metallic conductors. In this way, previously inaccessible regions within the ceramic structure close to the metallic conductors are made accessible. T2 - iCT 2026 CY - Linz, Austria DA - 10.02.2026 KW - Synchrotron x-ray CT KW - Multi-energy CT KW - Low-Temperature cofired ceramics PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65586 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eddah, Mustapha T1 - Multi-Energy High Dynamic Range (HDR) Synchrotron X-ray Computed Tomography applied to LTCC samples N2 - Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT) is regularly used in materials science to correlate structural properties with macroscopic properties and to optimize manufacturing processes. The X-ray beam energy must be adapted to the sample properties, such as size and density. If both strongly and weakly absorbing materials are present, the contrast to the weakly absorbing materials is lost, resulting in image artifacts and a poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). One particular example is a low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC), in which metal connections are embedded in a ceramic matrix and form 3-dimensional conducting structures. This article describes a method of combining SXCT scans acquired at different beam energies, significantly reducing metal artifacts, and improving image quality. We show how to solve the difficult task of merging the scans at low and high beam energy. Our proposed merging approach achieves up to 35 % improvement in SNR within ceramic regions adjacent to metallic conductors. In this way, previously inaccessible regions within the ceramic structure close to the metallic conductors are made accessible. T2 - iCT 2026 CY - Linz, Austria DA - 10.02.2026 KW - Synchrotron x-ray CT KW - Reconstruction algorithm KW - Low-Temperature cofired ceramics KW - Data merging PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65583 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Askar, Enis T1 - Safety in Energy Gases "Explosion Protection" N2 - The legal framework and standards for explosion protection are presented briefly and than the three basic principles of explosion protection are shown one by one: Avoiding Explosive Mixtures, Avoiding Ignition Sources and Mitigation of Consequences. For each of these the relevant safety characteristics and methods of implementation are shown. Finally references for Safety characteristic data and literature sources are shown and the safety characteristics of different fuel gases are summarized and compared. T2 - European Metrology Network for Energy Gases Training Session CY - Online meeting DA - 25.02.2026 KW - Safety characteristics KW - Energy carrier KW - Ignition KW - Safety PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65582 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kumar, Sourabh T1 - Grain Boundary Transformation Induced by Boron Segregation N2 - The segregation of solute atoms at grain boundaries (GBs) plays a critical role in defining the mechanical properties of materials, including corrosion resistance and fracture toughness. This study investigates the structural transformations induced by minimal boron concentrations at Σ13 GBs in ferrite thin films synthesized. Two sample protocols were examined: one with carbon as the sole solute and the other with carbon and boron co-segregation. To understand the thermodynamics of such phases, we employed ab initio calculations to meticulously examine the competing Σ13 GB phases that coexist in the presence of defects and stacking faults. Building on our findings regarding these competing GB phases, we analyzed the energetic aspects of solute segregation at the GB interface. Furthermore, we constructed a defect phase diagram to gain insights into the influence of Boron concentration on the evolution of GB structure. We reveal that boron segregation transforms the GB structure from flat to zigzag trigonal prisms by forming new chemical bonds, ultimately enhancing bonding strength between boron and iron atoms by 5%. This transformation doubles steel's resistance to fracture and provides valuable insights into the thermodynamic and energetic aspects of solute-driven GB phase evolution. These findings contribute to developing innovative strategies for designing high-performance steel with enhanced mechanical integrity and durability. T2 - DPG 2025 Regensburg CY - Regensburg, Germany DA - 16.03.2025 KW - Defect Phases KW - Grain Boundary KW - Steel PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65580 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raab, A. R. A1 - Grießler, T. R. A1 - Rück, D. A1 - Li, Z. A1 - Zens, A. A1 - Bruckner, J. R. A1 - Huber, P. A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina A1 - Laschat, S. T1 - Salt complexation drives liquid crystalline selfassembly in crown ether–amino acid hybrids N2 - Crown ether–amino acid hybrids represent a promising class of amphiphilic molecules combining ion recognition with self-assembly capabilities. Despite extensive studies on their binding properties, the influence of inorganic salt complexation on their liquid crystalline behaviour remains underexplored. Here we synthesized amphiphilic [18]-crown-6 derivatives of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine and tetrahydroisoquinoline analogues, systematically investigating the effects of alkyl chain length and salt type on mesophase formation. Complexation with various salts induced liquid crystalline phases, transitioning from smectic A to columnar hexagonal structures as anion size and alkyl chain length increased. Structural analyses and electron density mapping revealed assembly into charged superdiscs forming columnar stacks with tunable ion channels. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy highlighted differences in molecular mobility and conductivity linked to molecular design. These findings establish salt complexation as a key strategy to control self-assembly and ion transport in crown ether–amino acid hybrids, advancing their potential in responsive soft materials and ion-conductive applications. KW - Ionic liquid crystals PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655986 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tc04129e SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) AN - OPUS4-65598 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Yuanbin A1 - Zhou, Yuxing A1 - Ademuwagun, Richard A1 - Walterbos, Luc A1 - George, Janine A1 - Elliott, Stephen R. A1 - Deringer, Volker L. T1 - Medium-Range Structural Order in Amorphous Arsenic N2 - Medium-range order (MRO) is a key structural feature of amorphous materials, but its origin and nature remain elusive. Here, we reveal the MRO in amorphous arsenic (a-As) using advanced atomistic simulations, based on machine-learned potentials derived using automated workflows. Our simulations accurately reproduce the experimental structure factor of a-As, especially the first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP), which is a signature of MRO. We compare and contrast the structure of a-As with that of its lighter homologue, red amorphous phosphorus (a-P): we find that a-As has a more uniform dihedral-angle distribution, and so we confirm that its structure can be thought of as a 3-fold coordinated continuous random network in first approximation, in contrast to the more molecular-cluster-like structure of a-P. The pressure-dependent structural behaviors of a-As and a-P differ as well, and the origin of the FSDP is closely correlated with the size and spatial distribution of voids in the amorphous networks. Our work provides fundamental insights into MRO in an amorphous elemental system, and more widely it illustrates the usefulness of automation for machine-learning-driven atomistic simulations. KW - Machine Learned Interatomic Potentials KW - Amorphous KW - Advanced Materials KW - Automation KW - Digitalisation KW - Structure-Property- Relationships PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655952 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c18688 SN - 0002-7863 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-65595 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tuma, Dirk A1 - Mady, A. H. A1 - Baynosa, M. L. A1 - Saad, M. A1 - Dhakal, G. A1 - Kim, W. K. A1 - Shim, Jae-Jin T1 - Morphology-engineered hollow NiTiO₃/C–Ag/Ag₃PO₄ S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst: mechanistic insights into sunlight-driven tetracycline degradation N2 - Tetracycline (TCH), a widely used antibiotic, persists in aquatic and terrestrial environments, posing ecological risks and accelerating antibiotic resistance. To address this, we report a hollow-structured NiTiO₃/C–Ag/Ag₃PO₄ (NT/C–AAP) photocatalyst—the first hollow-type nickel titanate—synthesized via a self-template solvothermal route followed by photodeposition. The catalyst integrates key design strategies—hollow architecture, oxygen vacancies, carbon coating, and an S-scheme heterojunction—to optimize photocatalytic performance. The hollow structure enhances light harvesting via internal scattering, oxygen vacancies facilitate O2 adsorption and superoxide (O₂•⁻) generation, and the S-scheme heterojunction effectively suppresses electron–hole recombination while preserving strong redox potential. NT/C–AAP achieved 96% TCH degradation within 1 h and 82% mineralization in 3 h under solar light, far exceeding core–shell (18%) and aggregated (47%) NiTiO₃-based catalysts. Complete removal was realized within 40 min under 400 W visible light. The catalyst maintained 96% activity after five cycles, confirming excellent durability. Compared with previously reported NiTiO₃ photocatalysts, NT/C–AAP delivered a 50–400% performance enhancement arising from its engineered hollow structure and improved electronic properties. Mechanistic studies identified O₂•⁻ and •OH radicals as dominant species, validating the role of morphology and interface engineering in directing charge separation and redox activity. Additionally, a catalyst performance index was proposed to facilitate comparison across diverse conditions. Overall, this work introduces a novel, durable photocatalyst that links structural design to functional performance and demonstrates strong potential for practical environmental remediation. KW - Heterojunction photocatalyst KW - Photodegradation KW - Tetracycline PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655946 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-025-01600-x SN - 2522-0128 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Springer Nature CY - London AN - OPUS4-65594 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frechilla, A. A1 - Martínez, E. A1 - del Moral, J. A1 - López-Santos, C. A1 - Frechilla, J. A1 - Nuñez-Gálvez, F. A1 - López-Flores, V. A1 - de la Fuente, G.F. A1 - Hülagü, Deniz A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - González-Elipe, A.R. A1 - Borrás, A. A1 - Angurel, L.A. T1 - Influence of near-edge Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) on the electrical properties of fs-laser-machined ITO microcircuits N2 - Scalable, cost-effective methods for processing transparent electrodes at the microscale are pivotal to advancing in electrochemistry, optoelectronics, microfluidics, and energy harvesting. In these fields, the precise fabrication of micrometric circuits and patterns plays a critical role in determining device performance, material compatibility, and integration with added-value substrates. In this context, Laser Subtractive Manufacturing stands out as a suitable microfabrication technique for its adaptability to diverse materials and complex configurations, as well as its straightforward scalability, affordability, and eco-friendly nature. However, a challenge in micromachining metals and metal oxides is the inherent formation of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS), which can significantly impair electrical conductivity, particularly when circuit dimensions fall within the micrometer range. Herein, we investigate the micromachining of electrical microcircuits using ultrashort pulse laser systems applied to transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. We analyze the formation of LIPSS at the edges of the micromachined regions associated with the Gaussian distribution of the energy within the laser spot, and the impact of these structures on the electrical properties of the circuits. Thus, we systematically evaluate the influence of LIPSS orientation and periodicity by fabricating various circuit patterns using femtosecond lasers at green (515 nm) and ultraviolet (UV) (343 nm) wavelengths. A correlation between electrical resistivity measurements and microstructure analysis, as determined by field emission scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy, reveals distinct effects of the formed nanostructures depending on the laser source and its polarization. For the green wavelength, the edge side regions where LIPSS are oriented perpendicular to the ITO track exhibit a resistance higher by a factor just above two compared to those where LIPSS are parallel. Additionally, UV laser processing results in a pronounced reduction of ITO thickness at the boundary between the LIPSS region and the substrate. The mechanisms for the formation of LIPSS with both wavelengths are also discussed. Furthermore, we have determined that in narrow conductive tracks with a width ranging from 6 to 8 µm, the impact of LIPSS is particularly significant because the LIPSS structured region occupies a dominant fraction of the total width. KW - ITO KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Laser subtractive manufacturing KW - fs-laser processing KW - Electrical properties PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655921 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166415 SN - 0169-4332 VL - 731 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-65592 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Dauda, Risikat Oladoyin A1 - Reitz, Judith A1 - Misselwitz, Philipp A1 - Bassioni, Ghada A1 - Olonade, Kolawole Adisa A1 - van Damme, Henri A1 - Marangu, Josep Mwiti A1 - Dias Toledo Filho, Romildo A1 - Stürwald, Simone A1 - Schiewer, Gesine Leonore A1 - Hanein, Theodore A1 - Boru, Zamzam Bonaya A1 - Christensen, Randi A1 - Mack Vergara, Yazmin Lisbeth A1 - Hoelzel, Fabienne A1 - Apollo, Buregyeya A1 - Kyarisiima, Hope A1 - Thiedeitz, Mareike A1 - Suraneni, Prannoy A1 - Lorenz, Werner A1 - Osmani, Mohamed A1 - Lesutis, Gediminas A1 - Hanhausen, Rosa A1 - Lehmann, Steffen A1 - Madundo, Mariam Marco A1 - Bader, Vera Simone A1 - Rashdi, Rabia A1 - Landrou, Gnanli A1 - Hafez, Hisham A1 - Howe, Lindsay A1 - Kamashanju, Kabibi Charles A1 - Mohtashami, Nazanin A1 - Opoku, Richard Addo A1 - Erhahon-Nanna, Aisosa A1 - Mellinghoff, Zanele ED - Schmidt, Wolfram ED - Kamashanju, Kabibi Charles ED - Dauda, Risikat Oladoyin ED - Reitz, Judith ED - Misselwitz, Philipp T1 - Renewable, low-carbon materials and (infra)structures for inclusive and equitable human habitat - A position paper derived from the ReLive Habitat Scoping Workshop in August 2025 at the Xplanatorium in Hannover N2 - In order to create sustainable lifestyles and societies in the long term, sustainability goals must be balanced in terms of the environment, the economy and society. However, these targets are sometimes in conflict with each other and cannot be balanced without compromise. Today, the sustainability debate focuses primarily on balancing environmental/climate and economic targets. Social aspects tend to play a marginal role in the debate. This is also the case in the construction industry, which contributes significantly to global energy consumption and high grey and operational CO2 emissions worldwide. For this reason, research and politics have focused intensively in recent decades on ways to reduce climate emissions while maintaining economic efficiency. Historically, the focus in construction has been on structural safety. The classic credo in engineering was ‘more is more’. In the context of the climate debate, however, ‘less is more’ often applies, so that engineers and architects today face an economic conflict of objectives between the classic requirements for failure probability and the requirements for sustainable, resource-saving construction, which calls for completely new, much more holistic approaches to material development and structural design. The aim here is to build in a way that is both economical and climate-friendly without compromising structural safety, which is already a complex undertaking. However, the influence of the use of materials, architecture and construction technology on social aspects is often given much less consideration in the sustainability debate, even though enormous population growth and urbanisation processes are expected in the future, particularly in developing economic areas. This inevitably requires a stronger focus on the socio-economic aspects of construction, especially since, in contrast to many current metropolises, many conurbations in these regions will emerge in areas that are not yet densely populated. This provides freedom for innovative concepts that avoid the mistakes of the past and can consider all aspects of sustainability as largely equal. This freedom enables construction methods and urban concepts that use renewable, circular, local materials to create adaptable, accessible and liveable structures that are equitable, inclusive and fair for society. This position paper deals with the socio-economic footprint of materials and buildings. It was compiled by an interdisciplinary group of international experts and attempts to develop approaches for effective socio-economic life cycle analysis using similar concepts to those used in environmental life cycle analysis of products and buildings. In contrast to economic analyses or environmental life cycle assessments, which can work with reasonably available and clearly defined units to develop indicators, it is often impossible to determine units for socio-economic indicators, data is more difficult to obtain and there is a lack of benchmarks. During the discussions, a number of relevant parameters were developed, which can provide clearly quantifiable indicators for socio economic effects. These are related to largely available economic and employment data and consider the distribution of project contracts during implementation and the employment figures associated with project implementation. Particularly in the implementation of large-scale projects involving international investors and financial institutions, ‘(green) compliance value extractivism’ effects can occur, whereby partners from the donor countries are given preference over local project partners. This fraction of the loan flow directly abroad and can no longer serve the local economy to grow. This results in economic follow-up costs, even with lower project costs, which can promote social injustices. The higher the proportion of local companies and employees at engineering levels, the more fairly the construction project serves the local economy. T2 - ReLive Habitat-Scoping-Workshop: Renewable, Low-carbon Materials and (Infra-)structures for Inclusive and Equitable Human Habitat CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 13.08.2025 KW - Socio-economic footprint KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Sustainability KW - Urbanisation KW - Low carbon materials KW - Low carbon structures KW - Human habitat KW - Inclusiveness PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-654742 DO - https://doi.org/10.26272/opus4-65474 VL - 2026 SP - i EP - 24 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-65474 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eddah, Mustapha A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Mieller, Björn A1 - Widjaja, Martinus Putra A1 - Beckmann, Jörg A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Multi-Energy High Dynamic Range (HDR) Synchrotron X-ray Computed Tomography applied to LTCC samples N2 - Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT) is regularly used in materials science to correlate structural properties with macroscopic properties and to optimize manufacturing processes. The X-ray beam energy must be adapted to the sample properties, such as size and density. If both strongly and weakly absorbing materials are present, the contrast to the weakly absorbing materials is lost, resulting in image artifacts and a poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). One example is a low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC), in which metal connections are embedded in a ceramic matrix and form 3-dimensional conducting structures. This article describes a method of combining SXCT scans acquired at different beam energies, significantly reducing metal artifacts, and improving image quality. We show how to solve the difficult task of merging the scans at low and high beam energy. Our proposed merging approach achieves up to 35% improvement in SNR within ceramic regions adjacent to metallic conductors. In this way, previously inaccessible regions within the ceramic structure close to the metallic conductors are made accessible. The paper further discusses methodological requirements, limitations, and potential extensions of the presented multienergy SXCT merging technique. T2 - iCT 2026 CY - Linz, Austria DA - 10.02.2026 KW - Synchrotron x-ray CT KW - Multi-energy CT KW - Low-Temperature cofired ceramics PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655848 SP - 1 EP - 7 CY - e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing AN - OPUS4-65584 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Xuyang A1 - Kumar, Sourabh A1 - Chen, Xinren A1 - Gault, Baptiste A1 - Dehm, Gerhard A1 - Hickel, Tilmann A1 - Raabe, Dierk T1 - Grain Boundary Transformation Induced by Boron Segregation N2 - Boron enhances the hardenability of low-alloyed steel and reduces embrittlement at low temperatures, at parts-per-million concentration levels. Ist effectiveness arises from segregation to grain boundaries (GBs)-planar defects- between crystals-yet atomic-scale evidence remains limited.We addressed this gap by synthesizing GBs with controllable geometry and orientation, enabling reproducible comparison with and without boron segregation. Differential phase-contrast imaging directly reveals boron at iron GBs, and in-situ TEM heating (20 °C to 800 °C) allows us to track the dynamic evolution of GB structures. We found that boron segregation induces local structural changes and triggers GB phase transformations, as corroborated by calculated GB defect phase diagrams spanning broad ranges of carbon and boron content. Our findings not only bridge a gap in understanding the interplay between GB structure and chemistry but also lay the groundwork for targeted design and passivation strategies in steel, potentially transforming its resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, corrosion, and mechanical failure. KW - Steel KW - Defect Phases KW - Grain Boundary PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655812 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62264-1 VL - 16 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Nature Communications AN - OPUS4-65581 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Sintschuk, Michael A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - X-ray computed tomography scanning schemes and reconstruction capabilities at the BAMline (BESSY II) N2 - The BAMline at the BESSY II synchrotron (Berlin, Germany) is a multipurpose beamline that is used for computed tomography, among other techniques. For more than 20 years it has been used in various scientific fields to access and analyze internal structural features such as porosity, cracks or delamination. The general trend of tomographic X-ray imaging is moving towards in situ and operando studies to access the above-mentioned features under the most realistic conditions. This article presents the X-ray computed tomography (XCT) capabilities and the software suite, such as live reconstruction available to imaging users. Direct XCT reconstruction plays an important role in the quality control of the performed experiments and is particularly crucial for in situ and operando experiments. The BAMline now offers a sequence-based step-scan XCT that enables preview reconstruction during the scan to gain early insight into the scanned sample even while the scan is in progress. In addition, the sequence-based scheme includes lateral shifts, thereby mitigating ring artifacts and improving image quality. Finally, since XCT scan parameters, such as sample–detector distance and beam energy, are of utmost importance, we devised calculation software allowing control of monochromators to set the desired beam spectrum. KW - Synchrotron X-ray imaging KW - Computed tomography KW - Preview reconstruction KW - CT scan scheme KW - Software workflow PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655792 DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577526001177 SN - 1600-5775 VL - 33 SP - 543 EP - 550 AN - OPUS4-65579 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Semenova, Aleksandra A1 - Spitzer Sra, Stefan H. A1 - Dvorakova, Barbora A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Funnemann, Patrick A1 - Hermanns, Roy T.E. A1 - Jankuj, Vojtech A1 - Vignes, Alexis A1 - Kuracina, Richard A1 - Szabova, Zuzana A1 - Norman, Frederik A1 - Gabel, Dieter A1 - Danzi, Enrico A1 - Makarova, Ekaterina A1 - Lorenzon, Ivan A1 - Toman, Adrian A1 - Adamus, Wojciech A1 - Hessels, Conrad T1 - Towards standardized safety protocols for iron-based energy carriers: International alignment through round robin testing on safety characteristics N2 - Background Iron powder appears to be a promising solution for long-term energy storage and (inter-) continental transport, as it is safe to store and does not require energy to maintain its state, unlike, for instance, liquefied hydrogen. However, while the fundamental research is well underway, large-scale implementation is still in its early stages, with a growing number of promising demonstrators emerging. Methods This article contributes to the large-scale implementation of iron as an energy carrier by presenting a round-robin test of four iron powders currently used in research and larger-scale demonstrators. These powders were tested on their safety characteristics in the standard 20 L apparatus across eight European countries. Results The resulting data are intended to support future standardization efforts using different iron samples as standardized fuel. All tested powders were classified either as non-explosible or as belonging to the category of marginally explosible dusts (Class 1). This provides a clear picture of the level of explosion protection measures that need to be considered for the safe use of iron powders in energy carrier applications. Conclusions Along with that, the study detected variations in the results and pointed to shortcomings in the current standards that may cause such discrepancies. These findings emphasize the importance of improving testing procedures to support standardization and ensure the safe use of iron powder as an energy carrier using an a-priori-approach rather than subsequent testing. KW - Explosion protection KW - Energy carrier KW - Safety characteristics PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655761 DO - https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.22839.1 SN - 2732-5121 VL - 6 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - F1000 Research Ltd AN - OPUS4-65576 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shaikh, Abdul Shaafi A1 - Fardan, Ahmed A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Hryha, Eduard T1 - The Impact of High‐Productivity Processing on the Fatigue Failure of an Additive Manufactured Superalloy HAYNES 282 N2 - The elevated temperature low cycle fatigue life of additively manufactured HAYNES 282 superalloy from conventional 40 µm layer thickness process parameters was compared with that of high‐productivity 80 µm layer thickness process parameters. Wrought 282 alloy was also tested in parallel for comparison. The 40 µm process parameters produced fatigue life between 1400 and 1700 cycles to failure, the 80 µm process parameter specimens failed after ≈1200 cycles, and the wrought alloy reached 1350 cycles to failure. Microstructure investigations did not reveal systematic differences in phase constituents or grain structure between 40 and 80 µm processed 282 alloy. While both process parameters produced porosity of less than 0.05% by volume, high‐resolution X‐ray computed tomography showed the occurrence of large aspect ratio lack of fusion defects in the 80 µm material. These defects were also identified on fracture surfaces and could be related to the accelerated initiation and propagation of cracks, especially when oriented perpendicular to the load axis in samples built parallel to the building direction. The results emphasize the criticality of seemingly minor variations in defect characteristics on performance in cyclic loading conditions for high strength alloys. KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Laser powder bed fusion KW - PBF-LB KW - Fatigue KW - EBSD PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655732 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202502048 SN - 1438-1656 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH AN - OPUS4-65573 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czeskleba, Denis A1 - Rhode, Michael A1 - Wandtke, Karsten A1 - Irfan, Muhammad Dary A1 - Kannengiesser, Thomas T1 - Hydrogen diffusion in thick-walled S690 SAW joints: part 2 – predictive modeling of heat input and microstructure influence N2 - High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels such as S690 are widely employed in thick-walled welded structures, where hydrogen-assisted cold cracking (HACC) remains a persistent concern. While microstructure-specific hydrogen diffusion coefficients (DH) for weld metal (WM), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and base material (BM) were experimentally established in Part 1 of this study, their quantitative influence on hydrogen accumulation and effusion has not yet been fully clarified. This work presents a transient, spatially resolved numerical model for simulating hydrogen transport in multi-pass submerged arc welds. The model integrates experimentally determined DH values with realistic thermal cycles and temperature-dependent boundary conditions. Developed in Python, the simulation tool is purpose-built for hydrogen diffusion in welded joints. It offers a focused, transparent alternative. It offers a focused, transparent alternative to general-purpose finite element platforms. Parametric analyses demonstrate that, although the diffusion coefficients vary by up to 50%, their impact on overall hydrogen retention is minor. In contrast, plate thickness, bead geometry, cooling time (t₈/₅), and interpass temperature exert a dominant influence on hydrogen distribution. Despite clear microstructural differences between the thermomechanically rolled (S690MC) and quenched and tempered (S690Q) variants, including opposite HAZ hardness responses (softening in S690MC, hardening in S690Q) in the (pen)ultimate weld bead, the simulations confirm that their diffusion behavior and hydrogen solubility are closely aligned. Consequently, differences in DH and solubility exert only a minor influence on hydrogen retention compared to thermal exposure and joint geometry. These findings support the interchangeable use of both steel grades in terms of HACC risk due to hydrogen diffusion kinetics under comparable welding conditions. KW - Hydrogen assisted cracking KW - Numerical simulation KW - Diffusion KW - Submerged arc welding PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655721 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-026-02395-1 SN - 0043-2288 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-65572 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - How to get it right with photoluminescence measurements in the UV/VIS/NIR N2 - Optical measurements of transparent solutions of organic dyes and semiconductor quantum dots and scattering materials such as luminescent nanocomposites and microparticles and phosphors dispersed in liquid and solid matrices play an important role in energy conversion, solid-state lighting, medical diagnostics, and security barcoding. A key performance parameter is the photoluminescence quantum yield QY, i.e., the number of emitted per number of absorbed photons. QY of transparent luminophore solutions can be obtained relative to a fluorescence QY standard of known QY. Such relative QY measurements require a calibrated spectrofluorometer. Here, we address typical sources of uncertainty for luminescence measurements and relative and absolute QY measurements from the instrument and material side and provide recommendations to circumvent or at least minimize them for transparent and scattering samples in the UV/vis/NIR/SWIR. T2 - Workshop "Photoluminescence Spectroscopy and its application in Materials Research" CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 19.02.2026 KW - Quality assurance KW - Reference material KW - Fluorescence KW - Dye KW - Traceability KW - Metrology KW - Calibration KW - Reference data KW - Reference product KW - Digital certificate KW - NIR KW - Instrument performance validation PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65575 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - Digital Transformation in Materials Science: PMD Core Ontology (PMDco) 3.0 – Patterns & Applications N2 - The digitalization of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) demands standardized, interoperable approaches for representing complex experimental and simulation data. To address this challenge, the Platform MaterialDigital Core Ontology (PMDco) provides a mid-level semantic framework that bridges high-level ontologies and domain-specific terminologies. PMDco version 3.0, recently released, introduces significant enhancements based on a full alignment with the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) as standardized in ISO/IEC 21838-2. This alignment ensures conceptual consistency and facilitates integration across heterogeneous data sources while enabling FAIR-compliant workflows. First addressing the idea behind a mid-level ontology in MSE, this presentation emphasizes its role in harmonizing diverse data models and supporting machine-actionable knowledge representation. New features and design patterns introduced in PMDco 3.0 will be highlighted, which strengthen interoperability and provide reusable modeling structures for common MSE concepts. Practical applications and prototype implementations will be discussed. PMDco has been developed through active community involvement and its future evolution relies on continued collaboration and discussion within the MSE community. Participation is strongly encouraged to ensure that PMDco remains relevant, comprehensive, and widely adopted. More information and opportunities to contribute can be found at materialdigital.de and github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology. T2 - VMAP User Forum 2026 CY - Sankt Augustin, Germany DA - 24.02.2026 KW - Semantic Technology KW - Knowledge Graph KW - PMD Core Ontology KW - Semantic Pattern KW - Machine-actionability PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65574 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander T1 - Do Microbes like Additively Manufactured Aluminium? N2 - The use of laser-additively manufactured metallic components in the industrial sector is gaining traction, with the process now entering its application phase. Consequently, the materials are exposed to corrosive microbes, which this study examines in order to determine the implications of this exposure. Specifically, the study examines the exposure of laser powder bed fused AlSi10Mg (PBF-LB/AlSi10Mg) components to sulphate-reducing bacteria in an anaerobic environment. Is the specific PBF-LB microstructure a potential factor in determining or aiding biocorrosion? A prismatic specimen was exposed to sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) for two weeks. The sample was scanned by X-ray computed tomography (XCT) before and after SRB exposure. The two data sets were registered to each other (using the internal void distribution as markers, due to the corrosion of the specimen’s surface) to enable the evaluation of the corrosion damage. Virtual cuts of the 3D XCT reconstructions show a loss of volume and localised damage. The damage distribution aligns with the hatching pattern of laser exposure from laser powder bed fusion. T2 - Konferenz iCT 2026 CY - Linz, Austria DA - 10.02.2026 KW - Computed tomography KW - Biokorrosion KW - Additive manufacturing KW - PBF-LB KW - Laser powder bed fusion KW - Sulphate-reducing bacteria PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65570 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czeskleba, Denis A1 - Rhode, Michael A1 - Wandtke, Karsten A1 - Irfan, Muhammad Dary A1 - Kannengiesser, Thomas T1 - Hydrogen diffusion in thick-walled S690 saw joints: part 1—experimental determination of microstructure-dependent diffusion coefficients N2 - High-strength low-alloyed steel S690 is widely used in heavy-duty applications, such as structural components, mobile cranes, and industrial plant construction, owing to their high strength and weldability. However, thick-plate submerged arc welding (SAW) can introduce elevated hydrogen levels and residual stresses that promote time-delayed hydrogen-assisted cold cracking (HACC). Accurate, microstructure-specific diffusion data are scarce, limiting predictive HACC assessments. This study presents an experimental determination of hydrogen diffusion coefficients (DH) in two S690 variants: thermomechanically rolled (S690MC) and quenched and tempered (S690Q). Multi-layer SAW welds were produced from 30 mm thick plate material at three heat input levels, and diffusion membranes were extracted from weld metal (WM), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and base material (BM). Hydrogen permeation tests, conducted in accordance with DIN En ISO 17081, yielded flux curves normalized in time from which DH was derived using the inflection-point method. At room temperature, DH values ranged from 6 × 10−5 mm2/s to 9 × 10−5 mm2/s across all regions and heat inputs, with no significant difference between S690MC and S690Q. Weld metal exhibited marginally lower DH, attributed to enhanced hydrogen trapping, while base material measurements showed greater variability. These microstructure-resolved diffusion coefficients add quantitative data for modern S690 SAW welds and provide internally consistent input parameters for the numerical simulations presented in part 2. The results support improved parameterization for subsequent assessments of HACC risk through the optimization of welding parameters. KW - Hydrogen assisted cracking KW - Submerged arc welding KW - Diffusion KW - Electrochemical permeation KW - Microstructure PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655711 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-026-02400-7 SN - 0043-2288 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-65571 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Atila, Achraf A1 - Bakhouch, Yasser A1 - Xie, Zhuocheng T1 - Revealing the void-size distribution of silica glass using persistent homology N2 - Oxide glasses have proven to be useful across a wide range of technological applications. Nevertheless, their medium-range structure has remained elusive. Previous studies focused on ring statistics as a metric of the medium-range structure, but this metric provides an incomplete picture of the glassy structure. Here, we use atomistic simulations and state-of-the-art topological analysis tools, namely persistent homology (PH), to analyze the medium-range structure of the archetypal oxide glass (Silica) at ambient temperatures and with varying pressures. PH presents an unbiased definition of loops and voids, providing an advantage over other methods for studying the structure and topology of complex materials, such as glasses, across multiple length scales. We captured subtle topological transitions in medium-range order and cavity distributions, providing new insights into glass structure. Our work provides a robust way for extracting the void distribution of oxide glasses based on PH. KW - Medium-range KW - Voids KW - Topology KW - Silica glass KW - Atomistic simulations KW - Persistent homology PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655690 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102613 VL - 44 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-65569 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tiwari, Jitendar Kumar A1 - Malladi, Bala A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Fritsch, Tobias A1 - Nyborg, Lars A1 - Cao, Yu T1 - Influence of contour parameters on the surface roughness of fine channels produced by powder bed fusion-laser beam N2 - Surface roughness strongly influences the performance of fine internal channels in additively manufactured components. This study investigates how contour process parameters affect the surface finish of 1 mm-diameter channels produced by powder bed fusion–laser beam (PBF-LB). Five contour parameter sets with progressively increasing laser energy density (LED) were applied, while keeping infill parameters constant. Surface roughness was evaluated using surface profilometry, X-ray computed tomography (XCT), and optical microscopy (OM). Profilometry and OM provided localized measurements, whereas XCT captured full-channel roughness along the build direction. Results show that increasing LED initially reduces surface roughness due to improved melting and removal of partially fused particles, reaching optimal smoothness at an intermediate LED. Further LED increase causes roughness to rise again, attributed to balling and dross formation. Optical cross-sections depicted these trends, and XCT measurements closely matched profilometry data. The findings in this study highlight a trade-off between surface quality and dimensional accuracy, as higher LEDs improve smoothness but reduce channel diameter. This work establishes an optimal contour LED range for minimizing as-built surface roughness in fine internal channels, which can enhance the functional performance of PBF-LB components in aerospace, medical, and energy applications. KW - Additive manufacturing KW - PBF-LB KW - Surface roughness KW - Computed tomography KW - Optical tomography PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655677 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2026.115085 SN - 0042-207X VL - 246 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Niederlande AN - OPUS4-65567 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gook, Sergej A1 - Biegler, Max A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Integration of hybrid laser-arc and narrow gap submerged arc welding for cost-effective joining of 80 mm thick S355ML steel plates N2 - This paper presents the results of developing a cost-effective, robust process for welding thick steel plates. Welding trials were performed on S355ML structural steel plates with a thickness of 80 mm. A specially designed U-shaped joint preparation with a 45 mm root face was proposed to enable thick welds to be welded using a combined technique. In the developed process, a hybrid laser arc weld (HLAW) is performed as the first pass. Subsequently, narrow-gap submerged arc welding (NG-SAW) is applied to the opposite side using a multi-layer technique. The weld cross-section is completed using a reliable overlap of both the HLAW and NG-SAW welds. This method achieves a 2.9-fold reduction in weld volume and filler material consumption, as well as shorter production times for thick-walled welds. Further advantages of the process combination include eliminating the need to form the root of the HLAW weld and the absence of a backing support. The applied process parameters ensure that the maximum heat input does not exceed 5 kJ/mm, leading to uniform hardness across the weld metal and heat-affected zone (HAZ). Impact toughness testing at −40 °C demonstrated excellent performance, with Charpy V-notch energies of 138 ± 45 J in the arc-dominated region and 65 ± 12 J in the critical laser-dominated zone of the HLAW weld. In addition, the NG-SAW weld exhibited an average Charpy V-notch energy of 274 ± 5 J, confirming excellent low-temperature toughness of the fill passes. Owing to its high process stability and practical applicability, the proposed welding approach shows high potential for integration into the fabrication of thick-walled offshore constructions. KW - Hybrid laser arc welding KW - Narrow gap submerged arc welding KW - Low carbon structural steel KW - Fusion zone size KW - Microstructure KW - Impact absorbed energy KW - Hardness PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655627 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114796 SN - 0030-3992 VL - 197 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-65562 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kocherla, Amarteja A1 - Duddi, Murali A1 - Kolluru, Subramaniam T1 - Embedded PZT sensors for combined viboacoustic sensing of concrete structures N2 - Accurate assessment of damage in concrete structures requires monitoring techniques that can capture both global stiffness degradation and local cracking processes. Existing structural health monitoring approaches typically rely on separate sensors for vibration measurements and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, while conventional surface-mounted devices often suffer from poor and variable coupling. This study presents an embedded piezoelectric (PZT) sensor developed for dual mode vibroacoustic monitoring in concrete structures. The sensor is cast within the concrete matrix to improve mechanical coupling and enable robust measurement of structural response during damage evolution. Dual-mode monitoring is achieved through sequential operation of the same embedded sensor in two distinct modes passive acoustic emission (AE) monitoring during fracture loading and impulse-excited vibration testing conducted before and after fracture test. Benchmarking experiments include comparison with commercial accelerometers and AE sensors, confirming that the embedded configuration enhances high-frequency sensitivity and coupling performance. The fracture process is interpreted by correlating AE activity with Digital Image Correlation (DIC)-based crack kinematics, enabling zone-wise understanding of crack development. The vibration response is interpreted using a stiffness-reduction framework consistent with hinge-type crack formation, explaining the observed modal-frequency reduction and in crease in damping. Electromechanical impedance measurements quantify sensor–matrix interaction, highlighting the role of epoxy-mediated impedance matching. Overall, the results demonstrate that the proposed embedded sensor provides a unified platform for validated AE-vibration sensing, offering a promising approach for integrated structural health monitoring of concrete infrastructure KW - Vibroacoustic sensor KW - Embedded PZT sensor KW - Crack dynamics KW - DIC KW - Concrete PY - 2026 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120690 VL - 268 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam, Netherlands AN - OPUS4-65560 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Palásti, Dávid Jenö T1 - Utilizing modern fiber lasers for LIBS N2 - The development of laser sources plays a very important role in the quick advancements in the field of LIBS. However, the development of fiber lasers went mostly unnoticed by the wider LIBS community. These laser sources, traditionally used in industrial cutting and welding processes, despite their high-power output (hundreds of watts) and are very robust nature, were neglected, because they used to work only in continuous mode. Modern fiber lasers however, offer pulsed output with a couple of mJ-s pulse energy, which can be adequate for certain tasks [1,2]. Furthermore, the pulse duration and the pulse repetition rate can be varied in a reasonably wide range, while their price is a fraction of the ones traditionally used in research. In the recent years, our groups made experiences with modern fiber lasers to evaluate the feasibility of their usage in LIBS. The initial experiments proved that they are not just suitable for standard analytical tasks such as quantitative or qualitative analysis, but their unique set of features makes them capable for fundamental research, like no other laser sources currently on the market. The relatively low energy and elongated profile of the pulses are very efficient in ablation and in the generation of low temperature plasmas [3], which means the ionic lines are less numerous, while the emission is mostly free from the background emission typical for the early stages of the plasma lifetime. It can make spectrometer gating and signal integration much simpler and robust. A thorough set of investigations of single pulse, double pulse and even continuous irradiation experiments was performed. The effects of various parameters, such as energy, duration and shape of the pulse as well as inter pulse delay were investigated on the generated signal focusing mainly the signal intensity, the self-absorption and the width of the peaks as well as the plasma properties. T2 - EMSLIBS 2026 CY - Senlis, France DA - 26.01.2026 KW - LIBS KW - Fiber laser PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65561 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hickel, Tilmann A1 - Waske, Anja A1 - Tehranchi, Ali A1 - Bhattacharya, Biswajit A1 - Stawski, Tomasz M. A1 - Fellinger, Tim-Patrick A1 - Mehmood, Asad A1 - Witt, Julia A1 - Ozcan, Ozlem A1 - Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Kumar, Sourabh A1 - Mishra, Rajesh Kumar A1 - Holzer, Marco A1 - Stucchi de Camargo, Andrea Simone A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo A1 - Manzoni, Anna A1 - Fantin, Andrea A1 - John, Elisabeth A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Bührig, Sophia A1 - Murugan, Jegatheesan A1 - Marschall, Niklas A1 - George, Janine A1 - Darvishi Kamachali, Reza A1 - Maaß, Robert A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Chemically complex materials enable sustainable high-performance materials N2 - Chemically complex materials (CCMats) 􀀀 including high-entropy alloys, oxides, and related multi-principal element systems 􀀀 offer a paradigm shift in materials design by leveraging chemical diversity to simultaneously optimize functional, structural, and sustainability criteria. The vastness of the compositional and structural space in CCMats propels the field into an expanding exploratory state. To reconcile functional and structural performance across this immense parameter space remains an open challenge. This Perspective evaluates the opportunities and challenges associated with harnessing chemical complexity across a broad spectrum of applications, such as hydrogen storage, ionic conductors, catalysis, magnetics, dielectrics, semiconductors, optical materials, and multifunctional structural systems. It is delineated how three central design strategies: targeted substitution (SUB), defect engineering (DEF), and diversity management (DIV) enable the reconciliation of high functional performance with long-term structural stability and environmental responsibility. Advances in computational thermodynamics, microstructure simulations, machine learning, and multimodal characterization are accelerating the exploration and optimization of CCMats, while robust data infrastructures and automated synthesis workflows are emerging as essential tools for navigating their complex compositional space. By fostering cross-disciplinary knowledge transfer and embracing data-driven design, CCMats are poised to deliver next-generation materials solutions that address urgent technological, energy, and environmental demands. KW - Chemically complex materials KW - Structural stability KW - Functional performance KW - Design strategies KW - Sustainability PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-655598 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359028626000033?via%3Dihub DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2026.101256 SN - 1359-0286 VL - 42 SP - 1 EP - 26 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-65559 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -