TY - CONF A1 - Hirsch, Philipp Daniel A1 - Kunji Purayil, Sruthi Krishna A1 - Lecompagnon, Julien A1 - Pech May, Nelson Wilbur A1 - Ziegler, Mathias ED - Maldague, X. T1 - Robotic-Assisted 3D Scanning and Laser Thermography for Crack Inspection on Complex Components N2 - The integration of automation and robotics into non-destructive testing (NDT) marks a significant advancement in evaluating complex components. This paper introduces a novel approach using robotic-assisted laser thermography combined with automated 3D scanning to detect and analyze cracks in complex structures. The system uses an integrated line scanner with a robotic arm to capture high-resolution data, creating detailed 3D models for adaptive path planning and precise alignment correction. Laser thermography, based on localized heating and the "flying spot" approach, detects surfacenear cracks with high precision. Crack detection is achieved using the Canny algorithm optional on Fourier-transformed thermograms, offering robust results with minimal computation. This study highlights the potential of robotic-assisted 3D scanning and laser thermography as efficient and precise methods for crack inspection, advancing NDT technologies and ensuring the structural integrity of modern components. T2 - 17th International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography 2024 CY - Zagreb, Croatia DA - 01.07.2024 KW - Thermography KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Laser line KW - Robotic arm KW - Defect identification KW - Crack detection PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-653809 DO - https://doi.org/10.21611/qirt-2024-078 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - QIRT Council AN - OPUS4-65380 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kunji Purayi, Sruthi Krishna A1 - Hirsch, Philipp Daniel A1 - Lecompagnon, Julien T1 - Anisotropy investigation of a single crystal superalloy using laser-spot infrared thermography N2 - Thermal property investigation of anisotropic materials such as single crystal superalloys are still in interest of practical and fundamental reasons but remains challenging using conventional testing methods. In this study, a single crystal superalloy is tested using laser-spot thermography, and its thermal anisotropy is investigated. Determining anisotropic thermal conductivity at microscopic scales is challenging, as it appears isotropic at the macroscopic scale. Infrared thermography is one of the best-known techniques for measuring material heat transfer properties and facilitating visualization of temperature distribution through the specimen. The proposed study uses the active thermography method of laser-spot infrared thermography, in which a laser spot is focused onto the sample surface and the thermal response is captured from the surface of the specimen with an infrared camera. A detailed analysis of temperature gradients and heat diffusion patterns aids in the measurement of thermal conductivity values along the sample's different crystallographic directions. The directional bonding characteristics and inherent crystallographic structure of the alloy account for the inplane thermal conductivities calculated from experimental thermal measurements. The laser-spot thermography method has proven to be an effective tool for mapping the material's thermal conductivity anisotropy with high sensitivity and high spatial and temporal resolution. The investigation into the anisotropy of the material provides an insight into heat flow in the structure and helps in optimizing the design and overall performance of the material system. T2 - 17th International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography 2024 CY - Zagreb, Croatia DA - 01.07.2025 KW - Infrared thermography KW - Anisotropy KW - Laser-spot thermography PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-653877 DO - https://doi.org/10.21611/QIRT-2024-075 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - QIRT Council AN - OPUS4-65387 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - An, Q. A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Rehfeldt, Rainer A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Investigation of Mechanical Stress and B10 Exposure on FKM Polymer N2 - Mechanical stress often accelerates the failure of polymer materials. The aim of this research is to study the interaction between the sealing material FKM and biofuels B10 (heating oil with 10% biodiesel). The mechanical stress test was carried out in a special apparatus. Both mechanical and non-mechanical stress tests were conducted on specimens at 20, 40, and 70 °C for 28 days to document changes in mass, volume, and tensile properties. Both increasing temperature and mechanical stress have a significant effect on the tensile strength of the FKM polymer when exposed to B10. The combination of increasing temperature and mechanical stress induced rupture within 2 h. It was also established that FKM polymer with pre-exposure in B10 survived longer during mechanical stress compared to specimens exposed only to air. With the support of infrared (IR) spectroscopy, we were able to confirm the penetration of B10 into the FKM polymer. T2 - TMS 2024 Annual Meeting & Exhibition Teilnahme mit Präsentation CY - Orlando-Florida / USA DA - 03.03.2024 KW - Biofuels KW - Sealing materials KW - Mechanical stress KW - Change in tensile properties PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-031-50349-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50349-8_108 SP - 1253 EP - 1261 PB - Springer CY - Orlando-Florida / USA AN - OPUS4-59638 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Asante, Bright A1 - Soria-Castro, M. A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Influence of aquacultural and agricultural bio-admixtures and binder components on yield stress and strength of cementitious systems N2 - Abstract: This study investigates the influence of bio-admixtures and bio-ashes from agricultural and aquaculture residues on the workability and strength of cement mortars. While bio-admixtures at low concentrations can enhance the strength, they create similar or lower yield stress as the reference. Bio ash, particularly at a 10% replacement level, maintained good strength, but higher replacements led to significant reductions in both strength and workability. These findings highlight the potential of sustainable construction materials but emphasize the need to balance performance specifications. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Agricultural bio-admixture KW - Aquacultural bio-admixture KW - Binder component PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612955 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 46 EP - 54 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61295 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Cunnigham, P. R. A1 - Shaba, A. F. A1 - Olonade, K. A. A1 - Ndawula, J. A1 - Tawiah, A. T. A1 - Marangu, J. M. A1 - Tlhatlha, Pheladi A1 - Obeng, E. ED - Banhia, N. T1 - Informal Sector Inclusion in Sustainable Concrete Construction in Africa N2 - Concrete used as a construction material is inevitable in Africa’s rapid urban growth, despite its significant contribution to carbon emissions. Hence, best practice concrete with reduced Portland cement clinker needs to be applied. The highly informal nature ofAfrica’s construction sector could impede the implementation of sustainable concrete construction. Although urgent need for economisation unintentionally often leads informal actors to operate according to circularity principles, the sector lacks awareness of climate challenges and incentives for adopting climate-friendly materials and technologies. In addition, the informal sector is prone to fraudulent adulterated materials and components causing challenges for safe and durable construction. The authors elaborate on the crucial role of the informal sector in driving sustainable construction forward, despite the lack of policies and disinterest from regulatory bodies. Solutions through education, communication, and quality control are proposed and discussed. T2 - 77th RILEM Annual Week and the 1st Interdisciplinary Symposium on Smart & Sustainable Infrastructures (ISSSI 2023) CY - Vancouver, Canada DA - 04.09.2023 KW - Cement testing KW - Hydration KW - Economic development KW - Informal sector KW - Cement chemistry PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-031-53391-4 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53389-1_47 VL - 48 SP - 506 EP - 520 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland AG CY - Schweiz AN - OPUS4-61586 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Kamashanju, Kabibi Charles ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Circular, bio-based, intelligent ecosystems for climate friendly construction materials supplies N2 - Abstract: Concrete is a major contributor to global energy demand and CO2-emissions, necessitating mitigation strategies. Utilising bio-based resources like polysaccharides, pozzolanic ashes from agricultural waste, and bio-based fibres and aggregates can reduce carbon footprints. However, implementation is hindered by stand- ards favouring scarce and traditionally European materials like fly ash and slag. This highlights the need to diversify resource streams to benefit the global South's abundance of bio-based resources and arable land. An inclusive approach recognizing bio-based resources is required through innovation and regional adaptation. T2 - 63. Forschungskolloquium Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Intelligent ecosystems KW - CO2-emissions PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613160 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 102 EP - 113 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61316 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tlhatlha, Pheladi A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Policies and codes for sustainable cement and concrete technologies in the Global South N2 - Abstract: This paper explores three primary pathways for improving sustainable cement and concrete technologies: cement production, concrete production, and recycling technologies. It underscores the importance of policy frameworks for transitioning from prescriptive to performance-based standards to foster innovation and support low-carbon technologies, while also addressing the economic, political, and social drivers that shape policy and industry practices. The research questions the replication of Global North standards in the Global South, advocating for locally adapted, unique regional policies. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Sustainable cement KW - Concrete technologies PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613170 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 114 EP - 122 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61317 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mezhov, Alexander A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Rheologie von Bindemittelsuspensionen in Gegenwart von Biopolymeren N2 - Zusatzmittel sind unverzichtbarer Bestandteil von modernem Beton. Ihr Einsatz ist nicht nur technisch und wirtschaftlich sinnvoll, sondern auch notwendig, um Beton umweltfreundlicher zu machen. In diesem Zusammenhang gewinnen nachhaltige Biopolymere zunehmend an Bedeutung, sie weisen jedoch eine große Vielfalt an Molekularstrukturen auf, die zu Unverträglichkeiten mit anderen - wie z.B. Fließmitteln - führen können. In dieser Arbeit werden die Auswirkungen des kombinierten Einsatzes verschiedener Zusatzmittel im Hinblick ihres Einflusses auf die Zementhydratation und den Strukturaufbau von Zementpasten untersucht. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Rheologie KW - Bindemittelsuspension KW - Biopolymer PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613089 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 147 EP - 152 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61308 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas ED - Al-Akel, Said T1 - Aktuelle Diskussionen aus dem Fachbeirat der BAM N2 - Im Folgenden soll über aktuelle Diskussionen und Arbeitsschwerpunkte im Fachbeirat der BAM und von der Zulassungsstelle berichtet werden. Es werden Änderungen im Zusammenhang mit der Zulassungsrichtlinie für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen vorgestellt. Es wird über die aktuelle Diskussion über die Anforderungen z. B. an metallische Sensoren für Dichtungskontrollsysteme berichtet. Änderungen der Fremdprüfung von sogenannten Sandschutzmatten, des Standards zur Qualitätsüberwachung (SQÜ) von Kunststoff Dränelementen (KDE) und der Anpassung der Formulierungen zum Überbau der in Abdichtungen verwendeten Produkte werden aufgezeigt. T2 - 20. Leipziger Deponiefachtagung CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 12.03.2024 KW - Dichtungskontrollsystem KW - Deponie KW - Kunststoffdichtungsbahn PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-943443-54-7 VL - 20 SP - 16 EP - 23 CY - Leipzig AN - OPUS4-59893 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Schröder, Simon Alexander A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Stephan, Ina A1 - Hohmann, Gloria A1 - Ziegert, Christof T1 - Identifikation und Einordnung von historischen Lehmbauteilen für die Wiederverwendung hinsichtlich Anreicherung von Schadstoffen und bauschädlichen Salzen T1 - Identification and classification of historical earth construction elements for recycling in respect of accumulation of pollutants and structurally damaging salts N2 - Lehmbaustoffe, einschließlich Lehm aus dem historischen Baubestand, bieten ein hohes Potenzial für ihre Wiederverwendbarkeit und die Schonung natürlicher Ressourcen. Zur Bewertung des Wiederverwendungspotenzials gibt es nur wenige Studien hinsichtlich der Schadstoffbelastung und der Anreicherung von Salzen in Gebäuden aus dem historischen Bestand. Tonminerale, die in Lehmbaustoffen als Bindemittel fungieren, können Schadstoffe binden. Die Region Mitteldeutschland ist geprägt durch jahrzehntelange Einwirkung erheblicher Schadstoffemissionen aus der Chemie- und Braunkohleindustrie. Der Eintrag von Schadstoffen in Lehmbaustoffe ist außerdem aus geogenen Hintergrundbelastungen denkbar, z. B. in Auenböden beeinflusst durch Einträge aus dem Erzbergbau. Salzbildende Anionen wie Chloride oder Nitrate können aufgrund ihrer hohen Löslichkeit mittels kapillarer Kräfte durch die Porenstruktur transportiert werden. In Lehmwänden können sie vor allem in oberflächennahen Lagen, in denen höhere Verdunstungsraten vorherrschen, durch Bindung mit in Lösung vorliegenden oder baustoffeigenen Kationen auskristallisieren und bauschädliche Salze ausbilden. Auch durch spezifische Nutzungen akkumulierte Schadstoffe, z. B. durch die Einwirkung von Tabakrauch, könnten theoretisch einer Wiederverwendung von Lehm entgegenstehen. In Anbetracht der Herausforderungen hinsichtlich der klimatischen und gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen, sind wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse im Lehmbau erforderlich, die eine Integration in eine nachhaltige Kreislaufwirtschaft ermöglichen. Bei bisherigen Gesetzgebungsverfahren zu rezyklierten Baustoffen wurden Lehmbaustoffe noch nicht berücksichtigt. Ziel einer Vorstudie im Rahmen der WIR!-Initiative GOLEHM ist die Überprüfung der Wiederverwendbarkeit Wiederverwendbarkeit von Lehmbaustoffen aus historischen Bauten an Stichproben hinsichtlich der Umwelt- und Nutzerverträglichkeit. Für den Raum Mitteldeutschland können damit Anhaltspunkte darüber gegeben werden, welche Schadstoffe und bauschädlichen Salze in welchem Maße in Lehmbaustoffen aus dem Gebäudebestand erwartet werden können. Daraus können Hinweise zum Umgang mit Lehmbaustoffen aus historischen Gebäuden abgeleitet werden. Darüber hinaus wurden exemplarisch an zwei Gebäuden mikrobiologische Untersuchungen zur Ermittlung einer möglichen Belastung mit Schimmelpilzen vorgenommen. N2 - Earth construction materials, including earth from historical building stock, offer high potential in terms of their recyclability and sparing use of natural resources. Yet, only a few studies have been conducted on the levels of pollutants and the accumulation of salts in buildings from the historical building stock to enable an assessment of the potential for recycling. The aim of a preliminary study as part of the GOLEHM Initiative from WIR! is to use spot checks to review the recyclability of earth construction materials from historical buildings in terms of environmental impact and tolerance by users. This could provide indicators for the Central Germany region on which pollutants and structurally damaging salts can be expected in earth construction materials from the building stock and to what extent, allowing conclusions to be drawn on how to manage earth construction materials from historical buildings. Additionally, microbiological inspections of two sample buildings were performed to assess a potential contamination with mould. T2 - Lehm 2024 Fachtagung CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 27.09.2024 KW - Lehm KW - Wiederverwendung KW - Kreislaufwirtschaft KW - Schadstoffe KW - Bauschädliche Salze PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 8 CY - Weimar AN - OPUS4-61883 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Leers, K. A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Emter, J. A1 - Brey, C. A1 - Leimkötter, D. A1 - Künstler, J. A1 - Arnold, U. A1 - Burkhardt, J. A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Untersuchungen zur agronomischen Wirksamkeit des R-Rhenania Phosphats aus der ersten großtechnischen Anlage N2 - Aufgrund ihrer Phosphorgehalte bieten Klärschlammaschen (KSA) Potentiale für die Herstellung von Phosphatdüngern. Da die agronomische Wirksamkeit von KSA häufig gering ist, bedarf es einer Aufbereitung. Diese kann sowohl vor oder während der Verbrennung des Klärschlamms als auch nachgeschaltet durch eine Aufbereitung der KSA erfolgen. Mit dem nachgeschalteten, thermochemischen AshDec® Verfahren können unter Hinzugabe eines Natrium-Additivs bereits wirksame aschebasierte Düngerprodukte aus KSA hergestellt werden. Im Rahmen des BMBF-Projekts „R-Rhenania“ wurde auf dieser Basis ein thermochemisches Verfahren für eine Rostfeuerung entwickelt, bei dem die Zugabe des Natrium-Additivs direkt bei der Klärschlammverbrennung erfolgt. So sollen die hochwirksamen aschebasierten Dünger direkt bei der Klärschlammverbrennung entstehen (R-Rhenania-Prozess). Der Vergleich von Produkten aus beiden Prozessen (R-Rhenania und nachgeschaltetes AshDec Verfahren) zeigt, dass die chemische Zusammensetzung vergleichbar ist. In Versuchskampagnen in der Monoverbrennungsanlage der Firma Emter GmbH in Altenstadt (Oberbayern) konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Phosphatlöslichkeit in neutraler Ammoniumcitratlösung (PNAC-Löslichkeit) der R-Rhenania Produkte von der Dosierung des Natrium-Additivs abhängt. Am Standort Altenstadt korreliert eine Konzentration von über 8 Gew.-% Na im Produkt mit einer relativen PNAC-Löslichkeit von mindestens 80 % und eine vollständige Löslichkeit mit einem Na-Gehalt von 10,5 Gew.-% Na. Beim Einsatz von R-Rhenania Produkten als P-Dünger für Sommerweizen konnte eine hohe agronomische Wirksamkeit nachgewiesen werden. In den Gefäßversuchen zeigte sich zudem ein Zusammenhang zwischen der PNAC-Löslichkeit und der Düngerwirksamkeit, wobei diese Wirksamkeit der Produkte mit zunehmender Löslichkeit anstieg. Während die Wirksamkeit unbehandelter KSA vergleichbar war zu einer ungedüngten Kontrollvariante, erwiesen sich R-Rhenania Produkte mit einer PNAC-Löslichkeit von mehr als 80 % als besonders effektiv. Die Düngewirkung bei diesen Produkten war sowohl vergleichbar zu einem AshDec-Produkt als auch zu einem konventionellen, wasserlöslichen P-Düngemittel. Auf Grund der erfolgreichen Prozessentwicklung und der nachgewiesenen agronomischen Wirksamkeit der Produkte, wurde am Standort Altenstadt das thermochemische R-Rhenania-Verfahren in die vorhandene Klärschlammmonoverbrennungsanlage integriert. Ab dem Sommer 2024 können dort 15.000 t/a R-Rhenania Dünger hergestellt werden. T2 - Berliner Klärschlamm Konferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.11.2024 KW - Phosphor KW - Recycling KW - Dünger KW - Monoverbrennung KW - Klärschlamm PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-911006-83-5 SP - 316 EP - 328 PB - Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH CY - Neuruppin AN - OPUS4-61907 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schneider, Joachim A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Ebert, D. A1 - Ehrenberg, A. A1 - Schraut, Katharina A1 - Gerlach, J. A1 - Wendt, K. A1 - Algermissen, D. A1 - Adam, Christian ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Erzeugung von Bindemitteln aus Stahlwerksschlacken N2 - Die geplante Transformation der Stahlindustrie innerhalb der nächsten 20 Jahre hat aufgrund des mit ihr verbundenen Auslaufens der Hüttensanderzeugung Konsequenzen für die Zementindustrie, deren Abmilderung Gegenstand der Forschungsprojekte SlagCEM und DRI-EOS ist. Ersteres untersucht die Rückgewinnung von Eisen aus LD-Konverter-Schlacke bei gleichzeitiger Herstellung eines mineralischen Produktes mit zementä- ren Eigenschaften. Zweiteres befasst sich mit der Generierung eines Hüttensandersatzes aus Lichtbogen- ofenschlacke mit Rückgewinnung von Schwermetallen sowie deren Umwelteffekt bei Verbleib in der Schlacke. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Bindemittel KW - Stahlwerksschlacke PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613127 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 78 EP - 89 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61312 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Wittwer, Philipp A1 - Leube, Peter A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Per- und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) während der Klärschlammverbrennung – Analytische Methoden zur Überwachung N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of more than 12,000 anionic cationic, zwitterionic and neutral anthropologic substances which have been used extensively in a variety of products and industries due to their lipo- and hydrophobic properties, and inert physical and chemical stability. As a result of continuous use of fluorinated consumer products, effluents and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been shown to be an important source of PFAS contamination into the environment. While environmental exposure of organic pollutants like PFAS, pesticides and pharmaceuticals have to be avoided, phosphorus from sewage sludge must be used in Germany among other things to produce high-quality P-fertilizers for a circular economy. However, the fate of legacy and emerging PFAS compounds during sewage sludge incineration or pyrolysis is for the most parts still unknown. In particular, PFAS analysis in exhaust air from industrial facilities has not yet been standardized in Germany, which means that no comparable results are available for possible regulation. T2 - Berliner Klärschlamm Konferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.11.2024 KW - Klärschlamm KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-911006-83-5 SP - 230 EP - 241 PB - Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH CY - Neuruppin AN - OPUS4-61627 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - ISO 27913 - Example For Successful Standardization Activities In The Field Of CCUS N2 - Since 2016 ISO Technical Committee (TC) 265 is working on standardization the whole CCS-process chain. Around 30 countries are working together to provide international guidelines. As ISO 27913 was the first standard finished within these activities it is already in the stage of first revision. The objective of ISO 27913 is “to provide specific requirements and recommendations on certain aspects of safe and reliable design, construction and operation of pipelines intended for the large-scale transportation of CO2 that are not already covered in existing pipeline standards such as ISO 13623, ASME B31.8, EN 1594, AS 2885 or other standards. Existing pipeline standards cover many of the issues related to the design and construction of CO2 pipelines; however, there are some CO2 specific issues that are not adequately covered in these standards. The purpose of this document is to cover these issues consistently. Hence, this document is not a standalone standard, but is written to be a supplement to other existing pipeline standards for natural gas or liquids for both onshore and offshore pipelines.” This contribution shall provide information on the content, the current stage of the revision process, encourage to contribute to this standard and make listeners aware to consider the influence of ISO standard on documents currently in draft. T2 - AMPP's Annual Conference + Expo 2024 CY - New Orleans, LA, USA DA - 02.03.2024 KW - Corrosion resistant materials KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Corrosion prevention KW - Standardization KW - CCUS KW - CCS KW - CCU PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - AMPP CY - Houston AN - OPUS4-59735 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lu, Xin A1 - Hicke, Konstantin A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Dual functionality of wavelength scanning coherent optical time domain reflectometer N2 - Wavelength scanning coherent optical time domain reflectometer (WS-COTDR) is a good candidate to spatially resolve the environmental information at comparatively low frequency. This paper reveals it can also work as a traditional optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) to identify Fresnel reflection by averaging the obtained signal over the wavelength scanning range. Simultaneous distributed vibration sensing and a traditional OTDR measurement are experimentally demonstrated using the WS-COTDR system. T2 - European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors (EWOFS 2023) CY - Mons, Belgium DA - 23.05.2023 KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Distributed fiber sensing KW - Acoustic sensing PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678098 VL - 12643 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - SPEI AN - OPUS4-57590 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Königsbauer, Korbinian A1 - Wosniok, Aleksander A1 - Nöther, N. A1 - Schaller, M. B. T1 - POF-based digital I-OFDR for strain detection in road construction N2 - We report on the development of a field-proven distributed fiber optic sensing system for structural health monitoring in road construction and civil engineering. The system is based on a cost-efficient digital incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (I-OFDR) for distributed strain detection along a polymer optical fiber. In this method, the strain-induced backscatter increase in a graded-index multimode perfluorinated polymer optical fiber (PF-POF) is determined by measuring the complex transfer function of the sensing fiber using a compact digital data acquisition unit. T2 - European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors (EWOFS 2023) CY - Mons, Belgium DA - 23.05.2023 KW - Digital I-OFDR KW - Perfluorinated polymer optical fiber KW - Smart geosynthetics KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Road construction KW - Civil engineering PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678436 SP - 1264326-1 PB - SPIE AN - OPUS4-57592 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rückschloss, J. A1 - Schischke, K. A1 - Schlegel, Moritz-Caspar A1 - Jonathan, Z. T1 - Too much information? Which labelled product property influences customers' purchasing decisions most N2 - The individual willingness to pay for sustainable products is significantly influenced by the climate crisis, but is also affected due to additional international crises as the still ongoing pandemic and the war in Ukraine. The better a product labelling is designed, the more likely consumers are to make a well-considered purchase decision at the point-of-sale, which in turn increases the product lifetime of the devices. The results of this study are based on two consumer surveys with a total of 590 participants. Consumers were asked to make a simulated purchase decision based on the upcoming EU Energy Label for smartphones. Each consumer was presented comparison labels showing different aspects concerning durability (meaning charging cycles, robustness and IP class), repairability, energy efficiency and product price. In addition, there was a question on energy consumption, which was displayed either in Wh/h or in battery endurance per charge in hours. The analysis of the survey shows a clear ranking of the preferred properties: 1. Durability as best option, Energy efficiency and Repairability as second and third choice. In all categories, a higher price was accepted in favor of a more environmentally friendly product design. When presenting the energy consumption in Wh/h, no reliable distinguishing between higher or lower values was observed. In contrast, higher values were clearly preferred when choosing between different battery runtimes. Recommendations will be developed for adjustments to the upcoming EU Energy Label for smartphones and other product labels in the future showing circular economy aspects, such as the durability, repairability, recycled content used during production, recyclability or the total footprint of the product. T2 - PLATE Product Lifetime and the Environment Conference 2023 CY - Espoo, Finland DA - 31.05.2023 KW - EU Energy Labelling KW - Circular Economy KW - Policy making KW - Electronics KW - Smartphone PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-57612 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlegel, Moritz-Caspar A1 - Giegerich, J. T1 - Kicking the can down the Circular Economy Road – Basic needs in Standardization for Electronics- and ICT-products N2 - As consequence of the European Green Deal and the European Commission's Circular Economy Action Plan, the product landscape in the EU will undergo fundamental changes. The legal requirements for products are being expanded, not least through the Proposal for an Ecodesign Regulation for Sustainable Products published by the European Commission in 2022. Following the current developments, requirements for the circularity of products will be increased next to the already existing minimum requirements for products’ energy efficiency. Following this development, the lead question has to be: Is the market, in particular small- and medium-sized enterprises, well prepared for this planned green transformation of our economy? The answer is: No, not yet. What is needed are suitable standards for the implementation of these requirements to reduce additional burdens to an appropriate level and to support fair competition between all market actors concerned. The German Institute for Standardization, the German Commission for Electro-technical, Electronic & Information Technologies and the Association of German Engineers have conducted a review study with the aim of identifying fundamental needs for revising existing standards and for creating new standards - both of which are intended to support and accelerate the transformation of the current economy towards a Circular Economy. More than 700.000 normative documents were analyzed, and the results were discussed and consolidated with more than 1000 experts from manufacturers (organizations), consumer- and environmental organizations as well as from the public sector. As a result, more than 200 gaps in the standardization landscape were identified. In this study, we highlight and analyze the most important needs for standardization activities in the field of electrotechnical-, electronic- and ICT-products. In the discussion with the experts for electrotechnical-, electronic- and ICT products, it has been confirmed that a timely implementation of ambitious political decisions of a circular economy requires a normative basis to ensure its consistency. Furthermore, consensus between experts was that legislation in product regulation would be key and should not be extended to the area of waste legislation. As most important standardization activities accompanying product legislation, the following were identified: (i) creation of a set of indicators enabling a holistic assessment of product circularity, (ii) quality assurance of secondary raw materials and consumers awareness of the product circularity both enabled by appropriate analytics and (iii) clear regulation concerning product liability of repaired, refurbished or remanufactured products. One issue of relevance to all experts concerns the product safety, which must not, under any circumstances, decrease when changing product design to reach a higher degree of circularity. The mentioned and further standardization activities would be essential to kick the can down the circular economy road and are analyzed and summarized in this study. T2 - PLATE Product Lifetime and the Environment Conference 2023 CY - Espoo, Finland DA - 31.05.2023 KW - Circular Economy KW - Electronics KW - ICT KW - Standardization PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-57613 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Winkler, Nicolas P. A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. T1 - Revisiting Environmental Sensing Nodes: Lessons Learned and Way Forward N2 - Setting up sensors for the purpose of environmental monitoring should be a matter of days, but often drags over weeks or even months, preventing scientists from doing real research. Additionally, the newly developed hardware and software solutions are often reinventing existing wheels. In this short paper, we revisit the design of our environmental sensing node that has been monitoring industrial areas over a span of two years. We share our findings and lessons learned. Based on this, we outline how a new generation of sensing node(s) can look like. T2 - SMSI 2023 Conference Sensor and Measurement Science International CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 08.05.2023 KW - Sensing node KW - Sensor network KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Low-cost KW - LoRaWAN PY - 2023 SN - 978-3-9819376-8-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.5162/SMSI2023/C5.1 SP - 173 EP - 174 PB - AMA Service GmbH CY - Wunstorf AN - OPUS4-57454 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Shaheen, Sabahat A1 - Hicke, Konstantin A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - phi-g OTDR utilizing geometric phase N2 - Geometric phase measured per beat period in a ϕ-OTDR based on coherent heterodyne detection is used to measure strain. Proposed method is robust to polarisation mismatch fading as a polarisation mismatch between interfering beams is not a hindrance to the measurement of the geometric phase. The Geometric phase is a function of the intensities of the interfering beams as well as the envelope of the beat signal. Its calculation does not require phase unwrapping and accordingly does not suffer the phase unwrapping errors. It is required to be equated with the traditionally measured phase by applying a scaling factor. The spatial resolution of the measured strain is reduced as it is calculated per beat period. Results are verified using a piezo-electric transducer inline a fiber-under-test. T2 - European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors (EWOFS 2023) CY - Mons, Belgium DA - 23.05.23 KW - Coherent Heterodyne KW - Geometric Phase KW - Distributed Fiber Optic Sensor PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678295 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - SPIE AN - OPUS4-57551 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Hufschläger, Daniel A1 - Gohlke, Dirk A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Ilse, D. A1 - Hillger, W. A1 - Szewieczek, A. T1 - Thermoakustische und Ferroelektret-Wandler als Phased-Array-Sender für luftgekoppelte Ultraschallprüfung N2 - Die üblichen Verfahren der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung mit Ultraschall basieren auf der Verwendung von flüssigen Koppelmitteln. Luftgekoppelte Prüfung setzt sich gegen die konventionellen Verfahren durch, wenn die Flüssigkeit nicht erwünscht oder den Prüfling gar beschädigen kann. Zwei Technologien für Erzeugung von Ultraschallsignalen sind vielversprechend: thermoakustische Wandler und Ferroelektret-Wandler. Basierend auf diesen beiden Technologien wurden Array-Sender gebaut und in diesem Beitrag miteinander verglichen. Thermoakustische Wandler basieren auf Dünnschichttechnologie und bieten eine resonanzfreie Erzeugung von Ultraschall. Sie bestehen aus einer dünnen elektrisch leitenden Schicht und werden mit kurzen elektrischen Pulsen angeregt. Die Erhöhung der thermischen Energie führt zur Erzeugung von akustischen Wellen in der umgebenden Luft. Bei Ferroelektret-Wandlern handelt es sich um polarisierte zelluläre Kunststoffe, die für den Bau eines Array-Senders besonders gut geeignet sind. Einige Ferroelektrete weisen eine hervorragende an Luft angepasste akustische Impedanz auf, so dass auf den Einsatz von Anpassschichten verzichtet werden kann. Ein sehr niedriges mechanisches Übersprechen zwischen einzelnen Elementen ermöglicht eine unabhängige Anregung einzelner Elemente, was bei Piezokompositen deutlich schwieriger wäre. Mit der Phased-Array-Technik können elektronische Fokussierung oder Schwenkung des Einschallwinkels für eine luftgekoppelte Prüfung genutzt werden. Die Schallfelder von diesen beiden Technologien wurden berechnet, gemessen und miteinander verglichen. Die Vorteile und Nachteile der beiden Technologien werden dargestellt. T2 - DAGA 2023 Jahrestagung für Akustik CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 06.03.2023 KW - Luftgekoppelte Ultraschallprüfung KW - Thermoakustik KW - Ferroelektret KW - Phased Array PY - 2023 UR - https://pub.dega-akustik.de/DAGA_2023 SN - 978-3-939296-21-8 SP - 1594 EP - 1597 AN - OPUS4-57554 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Hufschläger, Daniel A1 - Gohlke, Dirk A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Ilse, D. A1 - Hillger, W. A1 - Szewieczek, A. T1 - Phased-Array-Prüfköpfe für luftgekoppelte Ultraschallprüfung auf Basis von zellulären Kunststoffen N2 - Luftgekoppelte Ultraschallprüfung setzt sich immer häufiger gegen die konventionelle Ultraschallprüfung von Leichtbaukomponenten durch, und zwar in vielen Industriezweigen von der Holzindustrie bis zur Luftfahrt. Während die Phased-Array-Technik mittlerweile zu dem industriellen Standard im Bereich der Prüfung mit Ankopplung gehört, wird luftgekoppelte Ultraschallprüfung meist mit zwei Wandlern in Durchschallung durchgeführt. Deswegen werden Vorteile der Phased-Array-Technik wie beispielsweise elektronische Fokussierung oder Schwenkung des Einschallwinkels für luftgekoppelte Prüfung selten genutzt. In diesem Beitrag werden die laufenden Arbeiten an der Entwicklung eines neuen Phased-Array-Geräts vorgestellt, mit dem Schwerpunkt an der Charakterisierung der Prüfköpfe und ihrer Schallfelder. Das Gerät besteht aus einem linearen Phased-Array-Prüfkopf, einer Sende- und einer Empfangseinheit. Die Hauptinnovation unserer Arbeit ist die Anwendung von zellulären Kunststoffen für den Bau eines Arrays, wobei der Sender mit Hochspannung von ca. 1500 V angeregt wird. Geladene zelluläre Polymere werden auch Ferroelektrete oder Piezoelektrete genannt. Sie weisen ein sehr niedriges Elastizitätsmodul und dadurch eine niedrige akustische Impedanz auf, so dass auf den Einbau von Anpassschichten verzichtet werden kann. Eine sehr niedrige mechanische Kreuzkopplung bei Ferroelektreten ermöglicht eine unabhängige Anregung einzelner Elemente, was bei Piezokompositen deutlich schwieriger wäre. Die Entwicklung der Array-Prüfköpfe wurde durch Berechnungen des Schallfeldes unterstützt, die auf Punktquellensynthese basieren. Die beabsichtigte Anwendung von Phased-Array-Prüfköpfen und des Prüfsystems sind die Durchschallung mit Fokussierung, elektronischer Scan und die Schwenkung des Einschallwinkels zur Anregung von geführten Wellen, angewandt an carbonfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen und ähnlichen Materialien. Die Anwendung von geführten Wellen bietet die Perspektive, Bauteile mit einseitiger Zugänglichkeit zu prüfen. T2 - DACH-Jahrestagung 2023 CY - Friedrichshafen, Germany DA - 15.05.2023 KW - Luftgekoppelte Ultraschallprüfung KW - Ferroelektret KW - Ultraschallwandler KW - Phased Array PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575564 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-57556 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hufschläger, Daniel A1 - Gohlke, Dirk A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Bente, K. A1 - Gaal, Mate T1 - Thermoakustische Gruppenstrahler: Theorie und Anwendungen N2 - Bei der Prüfung von Werkstücken mit empfindlichen Oberflächen oder auch hydrophilen Werkstoffen sind traditionelle ultraschallbasierte zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden wie die Kontakttechnik oder die Tauchtechnik in vielen Anwendungsfällen aufgrund der Flüssigkeitsankopplung nicht anwendbar. Die luft-gekoppelte Ultraschallprüfung umgeht diese Problematik und eröffnet neue Prüfszenarien. Derzeit werden zwei Varianten der Schallerzeugung als vielversprechend angesehen: ferroelektrische Folien und thermoakustische Dünnschichtwandler. Thermoakustische Wandler ermöglichen die resonanzfreie Erzeugung von Ultraschall und somit kurze zeitliche Impulse sowie eine sehr breitbandige Anregung. Durch die Verwendung von gekrümmten Substraten ist sowohl eine Herstellung von planaren als auch fokussierten Wandlern möglich. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert die letzten Forschungsergebnisse im Bezug auf thermoakustischen Wandlern, welche derzeit in einen thermoakustischen Gruppenstrahler münden. Gruppenstrahler erlauben die simultane Änderung des Einschallwinkels, sowie die Verschiebung des Fokuspunktes während der Verwendung. Durch die Verbindung beider Schlüsseltechnologien, der thermoakustischen Anregung und des Gruppenstrahlerprinzips, wird das Spektrum der klassischen ZfP-Anwendungen, sowie moderner Ansätze wie der Anregung von geführten Wellen oder der Strukturüberwachung erheblich erweitert und bereichert. Dabei soll innerhalb dieses Beitrages auf die Modellierung des Schallfeldes, die elementweise Charakterisierung und verschiedene Anwendungsszenarien eingegangen werden. T2 - DACH-Jahrestagung 2023 CY - Friedrichshafen, Germany DA - 15.05.2023 KW - Luftgekoppelte Ultraschallprüfung KW - Thermoakustik KW - Ultraschallwandler KW - Phased Array PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575599 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-57559 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmitt, M. A1 - Casperson, Ralf A1 - Baensch, F. T1 - Ein Überblick über die Normung in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung N2 - Normung und Standardisierung in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung finden auf nationaler, europäischer und internationaler Ebene statt. Durch die Übernahme von Leitungsfunktionen in diesen Gremien kann ein deutlicher steuernder Einfluss auf Themen und Inhalte der Normen genommen werden. Unabdingbar für den Erfolg ist zusätzlich das persönliche Engagement der Fachexpert*innen in den nationalen Gremien und den europäischen und internationalen Arbeitsgruppen. Denn wer nicht normt wird genormt und muss letztlich Regeln verwenden, die andere entsprechend ihrer eigenen Interessen gestalten. Voraussetzung für die Teilnahme in europäischen und internationalen Normungsgremien ist die Mitwirkung in den entsprechenden nationalen Spiegelgremien der nationalen Normungsinstitute, welche die europäischen und internationalen Aktivitäten spiegeln und die Fachexperten für die Mitarbeit autorisieren. Gezeigt werden die relevante Gremienstruktur auf internationaler Ebene (ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing”, ISO/TC 44/SC 5 “Testing and inspection of welds”), auf europäischer Ebene (CEN/TC 138 “Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren”), die Struktur der nationalen deutschen Spiegelgremien, das Zusammenspiel der Gremien, und die Einflussmöglichkeiten. T2 - DACH-Jahrestagung 2023 CY - Friedrichshafen, Germany DA - 15.05.2023 KW - Normung PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575759 UR - https://jahrestagung.dgzfp.de/Portals/jt2023/bb/P4.pdf VL - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-57575 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Xu, R. A1 - Hicke, Konstantin A1 - Chruscicki, Sebastian A1 - Marx, S. ED - Curbach, M. ED - Marx, S. ED - Scheerer, S. ED - Hampel, T. T1 - Akustisches SpRK-Monitoring mit SEA und verteilten faseroptischen Sensoren N2 - Im vorliegenden Bericht wurde untersucht, Spanndrahtbrüche in einem Brückenträger sowohl mittels Schallemissionsanalyse (SEA) als auch mit (eingebetteter) verteilter faseroptischer akustischer Sensorik (DAS) zu erkennen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Bruchsignale anhand beider Messverfahren detektiert werden können. Die jeweils detektierten Drahtbrüche werden miteinander verglichen. Durch eine Gegenüberstellung werden SEA und DAS detailliert dargestellt. T2 - 12. Symposium "Experimentelle Untersuchungen von Baukonstruktionen" (SEUB) CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 01.06.2023 KW - Verteilte faseroptische akustische Sensorik KW - DAS KW - Brückenmonitoring KW - Spanndrahtbruchdetektion KW - Schallemissionsanalyse KW - SEA PY - 2023 SN - 978-3-86780-740-1 SN - 1613-6934 VL - 67 SP - 136 EP - 147 PB - Technische Universität Dresden - Fakultät Bauingenieurwesen CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-57581 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nerger, Tino A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Weller, Michael G. T1 - Passive Smart Dust a versatile low-cost sensor platform N2 - Coated cellulose particles as colourimetric passive sensors that are detected by the optical camera system of a drone. In this way, hazardous substances, e.g. acids, can be detected from a safe distance in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way. N2 - Beschichtete Zellulose Partikel als kolorimetrische passive Sensoren, die mittels optische Kamerasystem einer Drohne erfasst werden. Somit können Gefahrenstoffe, in ersten Versuchen zB Säuren aus sicherer Entfernung, kostengünstig und umweltverträglich detektiert werden. T2 - SMSI 2023 Sensor and Measurement Science International CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 08.05.2023 KW - Passive Smart Dust KW - Drone KW - Colorimetric sensor particles KW - Remote detection PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.5162/SMSI2023/C5.3 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-57527 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Busweiler, Sabine A1 - Haustein, V. A1 - von Laar, C. A1 - Haustein, T. T1 - Eignung von Korynetes caeruleus (Coleoptera: Cleridae) zur biologischen Bekämpfung von Anobium punctatum (Coleoptera, Ptinidae) N2 - Larven und adulte Käfer von Korynetes caeruleus (DE GEER 1775) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) wurden in alten Kirchen gesammelt und im Labor auf Kulturen von Anobium punctatum (DE GEER 1774) (Coleoptera, Ptinidae, früher Anobiidae) aufgezogen. Der Bruterfolg von K. caeruleus war gering, aber es wurden grundlegende Parameter des Entwicklungszyklus dieser Art ermittelt. Bei 21 °C und 75 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit und einer viermonatigen Kälteperiode bei 4 °C dauerte die Entwicklung von K. caeruleus vom Ei bis zum erwachsenen Tier 2 Jahre. Das Puppenstadium kann nach eineinhalb Jahren erreicht und abgeschlossen werden. Die Larven von K. caeruleus ernährten sich von den Larven von A. punctatum. Die Nahrungsaufnahme ist eine Kombination aus Saugen von Hämolymphe und Verzehr von Körperteilen. Die sichelartigen Mandibeln der Larven von K. caeruleus durchdringen die Cuticula der Beutetierlarven, gefolgt von pumpenden und saugenden Körperbewegungen. Erwachsene Käfer von A. punctatum wurden von K. caeruleus-Larven nicht angegriffen. Das Fressverhalten von erwachsenen K. caeruleus wurde nicht untersucht. T2 - EIPOS Sachverständigentage CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 29.06.2023 KW - Anobium punctatum KW - Biologische Schädlingsbekämpfung KW - Holzschutz KW - Kulturguterhaltung KW - Korynetes caeruleus PY - 2023 SN - 976-3-7388-0827-8 SP - 99 EP - 115 PB - Faunhofer IRB Verlag CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-57891 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schischke, K. A1 - Rückschloss, J. A1 - Schlegel, Moritz-Caspar A1 - Zöllinger, J. A1 - Nisse, N. F. A1 - Schneider-Ramelow, M. T1 - The European Union’s Energy Label for Smartphones: Does it guide consumers to make environmentally sustainable choices? N2 - The European Commission adopted an EU Energy Label for smartphones and tablets in June 2023. For the first time, the EU Energy Label will depict, among energy efficiency, also a reparability score, battery endurance, battery lifetime, drop resistance and dust and water ingress protection. However, does the multitude of parameters bear the risk to confuse consumers instead of triggering environmentally sustainable purchase decisions? In a survey in Germany, consumers were asked to make a choice when the label does not clearly identify the environmentally better product. Instead, energy efficiency has to be valued against reparability, reliability against energy efficiency, and reparability against reliability. The sustainability lever of the different aspects is not the same, as e.g. lifetime extension has a much more positive environmental impact than energy efficiency in case of mobile devices. Therefore, the question remains, whether consumers intuitively make the right choice. Results of the survey indicate that consumers interpret the complex label in the desired manner and value those aspects higher, which indeed have a more positive effect on the environment. T2 - 2023 IEEE 13th International Conference on Consumer Electronics CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.09.2023 KW - Circular Economy KW - Kreislaufwirtschaft KW - policy making KW - EU Energy Labelling KW - Smartphone PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-58177 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Linnemann, Konrad A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Reiche, Ingo A1 - Ramsay, J. T1 - New SCO-iii regulations to ship large comonents as surface contaminated objects N2 - The decommissioning or refurbishment of nuclear facilities necessitates either the storage or disposal of large radioactive components such as steam generators, pressurizers, reactor pressure vessels and heads, and coolant pumps, to list the major contributors. These components or objects are large in size and mass, measuring up to approximately 6 meters in diameter, up to 20 meters in length, and weighing over 400 000 kg. In many situations, the components are transported off-site to a storage, disposal or recycling/treatment facility. Previously, many large objects had to be transported under special arrangement. T2 - PATRAM22 CY - Juan les Pins, France DA - 11.06.2023 KW - Gefahrgut KW - Radioaktive Stoffe KW - Rückbau kerntechnischer Anlagen KW - Transport PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-57750 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rolle, Annette A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Ageing aspect in design approval of special form radioactive material N2 - In accordance with the IAEA transport regulations, the design of special form radioactive material (SFRM) shall resist a severe transport accident without undue loss or dispersal of radioactive material. The safety assessment for design approval includes besides the program for physical tests (impact, percussion, bending and heat test) also the evaluation of the management system for design, manufacture, testing, documentation, use, maintenance, and inspection. SFRM source design plus management system shall ensure, that every specimen of the approved design is able to survive the severe mechanical and thermal tests at any time of its SFRM-working life. Due to the long-term use of SFRM designs in most cases, the assessment of the source ageing behavior is an important aspect in the approval procedure. Different fields of application imply a wide range of environmental conditions, from clean room atmosphere to highly aggressive industrial conditions. Besides of radioactive content, corrosion is a main factor for possible SFRM design degradation. Although the IAEA Advisory Material SSG-26 already implies an indication of the need for considering ageing mechanisms, suitable amendments in the regulatory requirements of SSR-6 should be introduced to make the approval procedure more transparent and help to reduce rounds of questions by the authority. A supplementary requirement for considering of ageing mechanisms could be a helpful contribution to an international harmonization of the approval procedure. This paper will describe major influencing factors to be considered to assess the ageing behavior of a SFRM design and will identify the need for a regulatory specification of a SFRM-working life as basis for the assessment of the SFRM design regarding time-dependent weakening. A proposal for an explicit requirement for consideration of ageing mechanisms in safety assessment of SFRM, which should be considered in the ongoing SSR-6 revision cycle, will be explained. T2 - PATRAM22 Conference CY - Juan-Les-Pins, Antibes, France DA - 11.06.2023 KW - Ttransport KW - Radioactive material KW - Sealed sources KW - Ageing PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-57786 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Wave propagation from hammer, vibrator and railway excitation – theoretical and measured attenuation in space and frequency domain N2 - The attenuation of wave amplitudes is ruled by the planar, cylindrical or spherical geometry of the wave front (the geometric or power-law attenuation) but also by the damping of the soil (an exponential attenuation). Several low- and high-frequency filter effects are derived for the layering and the damping of the soil, for the moving static and the distributed train loads and for a homogeneous or randomly heterogeneous soil. Measurements of hammer- and train-induced vibrations at five sites have been analysed for these attenuation and filter effects. The measured attenuation with distance can be discribed by generalised power laws and some reasons will be discussed. The theoretical filter effects can well be found in the measurements. T2 - Wave Mechanics and Vibrations Conference CY - Lisbon, Potugal DA - 04.07.2022 KW - Hammer impact KW - Train passage KW - Layered soil KW - Attenuation KW - Filter effects KW - Randomly heterogeneous soil KW - Scattering PY - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-15757-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15758-5_35 SP - 352 EP - 359 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham, Schweiz AN - OPUS4-56034 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Klinger, Christian T1 - Schadensanalyse an Fahrradkomponenten - Fraktographie, Ursachen, Prävention N2 - Komponenten von Fahrrädern werden im Betrieb vorwiegend schwingend beansprucht. Typische Werkstoffe sind Stahl, Aluminiumlegierungen, Messing, CFK und thermoplastische Kunststoffe. Da es sich, unabhängig von der Preiskategorie, um konstruktiven Leichtbau handelt, werden einige Bauteile betriebsfest mehr oder weniger weit oberhalb der Dauerfestigkeit ausgelegt. Die im normalen Betrieb auftretenden Schäden sind daher weit überwiegend Schwingbrüche. Andere Schadensmechanismen wie z.B. Korrosion spielen quantitativ eine untergeordnete Rolle. Schwingbrüche treten nach einer Periode unbemerkten Risswachstums oft ohne Vorwarnung und ohne makroskopische Verformung auf. Im Falle von sicherheitsrelevanten Komponenten wie Rahmen, Gabeln, Lenkern, Sattelstützen, Kurbelarmen oder Pedalen kann dies zu erheblichen Personenschäden führen, die den Wert des ursächlichen Bauteilschadens weit überschreiten. Über einen langjährigen Zeitraum wurden gebrochene Komponenten aus dem Alltag und aus Gerichtsverfahren analysiert. Das Hauptaugenmerk lag hierbei auf der fraktographischen Analyse, teilweise wurden die zu Grunde liegenden Schadensursachen ermittelt. Einflussfaktoren sind beispielsweise konstruktive Kerben an ungünstigen Stellen, aber auch Werkstoffwahl und Fertigungsqualität spielen eine Rolle. In den meisten Fällen wurde jedoch die konstruktive Lebensdauer überschritten. Diese wird praktisch nie mitgeteilt, und eine wiederkehrende Prüfung sicherheitsrelevanter Bauteile findet nicht statt. Im Sinne der Vermeidung von Schäden und Unfällen könnte darauf hingewirkt werden, für sicherheitsrelevante Komponenten Lebensdauern besser abzuschätzen und von der Laufleistung abhängige Sichtprüfungen zu empfehlen. T2 - Werkstoffprüfung 2022 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 27.10.2022 KW - Fahrrad KW - Fraktographie KW - Lebensdauer KW - Schadensanalyse KW - Schadensprävention KW - Öffentliche Sicherheit PY - 2023 UR - https://dgm.de/fileadmin/DGM/Veranstaltungen/2022/Werkstoffpruefung/Tagungsband/WP2022-Tagungsband-online.pdf SN - 978-3-88355-430-3 SP - 73 EP - 78 PB - DGM - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V CY - Sankt Augustin AN - OPUS4-56832 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Völker, Tobias A1 - Klewe, Tim A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine T1 - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to investigate the chemical composition of concrete N2 - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a spectroscopic method for the analysis of the chemical composition of sample materials. Generally, the measurement of all elements of the periodic table is possible. In particular, light elements such as H, Li, Be, S, C, O, N and halogens can be measured. Calibration with matrix-matching standards allows the quantification of element concentrations. In combination with scanner systems, the two-dimensional element distribution can be determined. Even rough surfaces can be measured by online adjustment of the laser focus. LIBS can also be used on-site with mobile systems. Hand-held systems are available for point measurements. Common applications include the investigation of material deterioration due to the ingress of harmful ions and their interaction in porous building materials. Due to the high spatial resolution of LIBS and the consideration of the heterogeneity of concrete, the determination of precise input parameters for simulation and modelling of the remaining lifetime of a structure is possible. In addition to the identification of materials, it is also possible to assess the composition for example of hardened concrete, which involves the cement or aggregate type used. Other important fields of application are the detection of environmentally hazardous elements or the material classification for sorting heterogeneous material waste streams during dismantling. Non-contact NDT for “difficult to assess” structures as an example application through safety glass or in combination with robotics and automation are also possible. In this work, an overview of LIBS investigations on concrete is given based on exemplary laboratory and on-site applications. T2 - NDE NucCon 2023 CY - Espoo, Finland DA - 25.01.2023 KW - LIBS KW - Concrete KW - Chemical analysis PY - 2023 UR - https://www.aalto.fi/en/nde-nuccon-2023 SP - 351 EP - 359 AN - OPUS4-57303 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dümmel, Martin T1 - Consumer fireworks in europe – challenges for the future N2 - This paper gives a brief overview on the current situation of fireworks safety and security on the EU market, outlines the current standardization request of the European Commission with new and more stringent requirements and gives a perspective to further challenges for fireworks in Europe. T2 - 18th International Symposium on Fireworks CY - Valetta, Malta DA - 24.04.2023 KW - Pyrotechnic articles KW - Fireworks KW - Standardisation PY - 2023 SN - 978-0-9867279-6-2 SP - 33 EP - 42 PB - International Symposium on Fireworks Society Ltd. CY - Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin 53217-5968 USA AN - OPUS4-57395 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nicolai, Marcel A1 - Zeipert, H. A1 - Lugovtsova, Yevgeniya A1 - Bulling, Jannis A1 - Johannesmann, S. A1 - Prager, Jens A1 - Henning, B. ED - Nicolai, Marcel T1 - Characterization of adhesion strength using guided ultrasonic waves N2 - Klebeverbindungen sind aus vielen Anwendungen wie dem Leichtbau nicht mehr wegzudenken. Durch die Verklebung gleicher oder ungleicher Materialien entstehen viele Vorteile gegenüber konservativen Fügeverfahren. Jedoch stellen schwache Haftfestigkeiten eine sehr unbeliebte Fehlerart dar, die schlecht zu detektieren sind und zu einem frühzeitigen Versagen der Verklebung bei vergleichsweise geringen Belastungen führen können. Aufgrund hoher Sicherheits- und Qualitätsansprüche wird die Haftfestigkeit dieser Verbindungen jedoch noch immer zerstörend geprüft. Zufriedenstellende zerstörungsfreie Verfahren, um Haftfestigkeiten zu prüfen, sind nicht vorhanden und Thema gegenwärtiger Forschung. Ein Ansatz, der in diesem Projekt verfolgt wird, liegt in der Verwendung geführter Ultraschallwellen. Hierzu wird anhand von Simulationen mittels der Scaled Boundary Finite Element Methode gezeigt, dass die gezielte Auswertung bestimmter Bereiche des Dispersionsdiagrams, den sogenannten vermiedenen Kreuzungen (engl. mode repulsion regions), eine Charakterisierung der Haftfestigkeiten zulassen könnten. Dies liegt darin begründet, dass die mittleren mechanischen Belastungen der Kleberschicht in diesen Bereichen ein lokales Maximum aufweisen und daher eine erhöhte Sensitivität auf Materialänderungen haben. Es wird gezeigt, wie sensitiv diese Bereiche auf Materialänderungen in der Klebergrenzschicht sind und welche potenziellen Fehlergrößen existieren. T2 - DAGA 2023 CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 06.03.2023 KW - SBFEM KW - Adhesive Bonding KW - Kissing Bonds KW - NDT KW - Ultrasonic Guided Waves PY - 2023 UR - https://pub.dega-akustik.de/DAGA_2023 SN - 978-3-939296-21-8 SP - 823 EP - 826 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik e.V. CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-57378 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bayoumi, A. A1 - Lozano, Daniel A1 - Bulling, Jannis A1 - Mueller, I. A1 - Prager, Jens T1 - Comparative Study Between Simulation and Experimental Guided Ultrasonic Wave Propagation on a Plate Like Structure N2 - In plate-like structures, ultrasonic waves propagate as Lamb waves. Their use is important for many applications from non-destructive testing to structural health monitoring. Efficient simulation tools contribute to a significant value add e.g. in designing systems for these applications. Under which conditions an acceptable accuracy of these models with affordable computational costs can be achieved is an open question. Many of these applications include the usage of a plane wavefront, simulated in 2D crossesctional models to reduce complexity. In this contribution, a comparative case study between simulations and experiments is presented. The aim is to verify and compare a 2D cross-sectional model with experimental data. The experimental setup for this case study consists of an aluminum plate. A rectangular piezoelectric transducer is mounted for guided wave excitation. A laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) measures out-of-plane velocities on the plate. A 2D cross-sectional model based on the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method (SBFEM) is used to simulate the wave propagation of the experimental setup. The first data points near the transducer are used to fit the excitation tractions of the model, while additional points further away from the source are used to validate the model. The comparison between the recorded measurements and the simulated velocities shows a high degree of compatibility. T2 - DAGA 2023 - 49. Jahrestagung für Akustik CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 06.03.2023 KW - Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method KW - Guided Ultrasonic Wave KW - Laser Doppler Vibrometer PY - 2023 SN - 978-3-939296-21-8 SP - 88 EP - 91 AN - OPUS4-57354 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heimann, Jan A1 - Mustapha, S. A1 - Yilmaz, Bengisu A1 - Charmi, Amir A1 - Brence, Blaž A1 - Prager, Jens T1 - Untersuchung der Ausbreitung von geführten Ultraschallwellen in Wasserstoffdruckbehältern zur Zustandsüberwachung N2 - Die zunehmende Bedeutung von Wasserstoff als emissionsfreier Energieträger der Zukunft lässt die Anforderungen an eine technisch einwandfreie und sichere Wasserstoffspeicherung steigen. Im Mobilitätssektor kommen dabei vorwiegend Kohlefaserverbundbehälter zur Speicherung von gasförmigem Wasserstoff im Hochdruckbereich zum Einsatz, die sich durch ihre Leichtbauweise bei gleichzeitig hoher Speicherkapazität auszeichnen. Materialfehler oder -ermüdung können jedoch zum Ausfall bis hin zum kritischen Versagensfall führen. Ein sicherer Betrieb der Behälter erfordert daher ein innovatives und zuverlässiges Konzept, um deren Integrität zu gewährleisten und folgenschwere Zwischenfälle zu vermeiden. Die Strukturüberwachung mittels geführter Ultraschallwellen ist dafür einer der prominentesten Ansätze, da sich die Wellen über große Entfernungen in der Struktur ausbreiten können und zudem sehr empfindlich auf kleinste Materialdefekte reagieren. In diesem Beitrag wird der Aufbau eines Sensornetzwerks zur Schadenserkennung und -lokalisierung vorgestellt, das auf den Prinzipien der Ausbreitung geführter Ultraschallwellen in Druckbehältern aus Verbundwerkstoffen basiert. Dazu werden in einem ersten Schritt das dispersive und multimodale Ausbreitungsverhalten analysiert und dominante Wellenmoden identifiziert. Basierend auf der Analyse werden Dämpfungsverhalten und Empfindlichkeit gegenüber künstlichen Defekten bestimmt. Unter Verwendung der ermittelten Informationen wird ein Sensornetzwerk bestehend aus piezoelektrischen Flächenwandlern entworfen, welches den zu untersuchenden Bereich vollständig abdecken soll. Das Ergebnis wird anschließend durch Aufbringen künstlicher Defekte experimentell evaluiert und präsentiert. T2 - DAGA 2023 CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 06.03.2023 KW - Geführte Ultraschallwellen KW - Zustandsüberwachung KW - Wasserstoffdruckbehälter KW - Sensornetzwerk KW - Structural Health Monitoring PY - 2023 UR - https://pub.dega-akustik.de/DAGA_2023 SN - 978-3-939296-21-8 SP - 1598 EP - 1601 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-58022 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Melzer, Michael T1 - Flexible Magnetic Sensors Enabling Novel Measuring Capabilities N2 - Since several years, magnetic sensor elements are available in fully flexible architectures that often reveal identical sensing properties, compared to their rigid counterparts, while being bent severely and repeatedly. Nowadays, a variety of magnetic senor principles, including well known Hall, AMR and GMR but also more exotic PHE and AHE sensors were demonstrated on such flexible platforms. The novel properties of being thin, lightweight, shapeable, and wearable enable magnetic sensory systems to be utilized in vicinities and conditions that are inaccessible for rigid and microchip-based sensors. T2 - SMSI 2023 - Sensor and Measurement Science International CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 08.05.2023 KW - Flexible electronics KW - Flexible sensors KW - Magnetic sensors KW - Novel applications KW - In-situ sensing PY - 2023 UR - https://www.ama-science.org/proceedings/details/4402 SN - 978-3-9819376-8-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.5162/SMSI2023/C5.2 SP - 175 EP - 176 PB - AMA Service GmbH CY - Wunstorf AN - OPUS4-58039 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Scheidemann, Robert T1 - Test Facilities for Radioactive Materials Transport and Storage Packagings at BAM N2 - BAM acts as authority and for service in safety assessment of packages for transport and storage of radioactive materials. We offer extensive test capabilities and application of analytical methods for design verification and simulation for all types of packages for the transport and storage of radioactive materials according with the international IAEA Regulations for the safe transport and for national storage acceptance criteria. BAM operates several test facilities for drop and stacking testing, leak testing and thermal testing. The large drop test tower allows dropping full-scale specimens up to 200,000 kg in any drop orientation as requested. The comprehensive test facilities combined with long-term experience, newest equipment and measurement devices according to the latest state-of-the-art technology ensures realisation of complex test campaigns for package safety evaluation. Beyond that, non-destructive and destructive material test devices and experts are available. Equipment and application of all kinds of typical measurement categories can be offered for testing campaigns. In recent years we performed testing of full-scale type B package models with complex handling and preparation procedures. The results were contributed for different package design approval procedures. Type A packages mainly designed for medical related transport purposes, were continuously tested according to the transport regulations over recent years as well. Moreover, we work on research topics with relevance to package safety. The mechanical behaviour of lid closure systems under transport and storage conditions and the thermal behaviour of impact limiters were recently of special importance for the assessment competencies of BAM and were investigated under use of our test facilities. The paper describes the test facilities and capabilities for package design safety evaluation at BAM and shows examples from our recent work. T2 - PATRAM 2022, 20th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials CY - Juan-les-Pins, France DA - 11.06.2023 KW - IAEA KW - Fire test KW - Drop testing KW - Transport KW - Package PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 12 AN - OPUS4-57967 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Klein, Luise A1 - Wilke, Olaf T1 - Chamber comparison for the determination of initial VOC emissions from consumer products N2 - Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from consumer products contribute to human inhalation exposure and may cause adverse health effects. Existing methods to determine long-term VOC emissions from e.g. building products need to be verified for their suitability to reliably detect initial VOC emissions from consumer products within the first hours and days of use, which would facilitate realistic inhalation exposure assessments. To investigate this issue, VOCs emitted from a test sample were determined in a large-scale emission test chamber and in two micro-chambers of different volumes, and the results were compared. T2 - Healthy Buildings 2023 Europe CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 11.06.2023 KW - Micro-chamber KW - Emission test chamber KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Inhalation exposure KW - Consumer products PY - 2023 SP - 6 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-58055 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Weiss, D. A1 - Blind, K. ED - Jakobs, K. T1 - Fuel-cell Vehicles in Relation to Electric and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles – An Analysis of Technology Relations based on Publications, Patents, Standards N2 - Against the backdrop of the sustainability transition of economies worldwide, decarbonizing road traffic is high on the agenda. This has focused the interest of policymakers and automobile manufacturers on sustainable, zero-emission powertrain technologies. Among these technologies, hydrogen fuel cell (FC) vehicles have a positive climate impact, given that their hydrogen is produced from renewable energy. However, FC vehicles have not yet gained significant market shares. Therefore, based on the technological innovation systems (TIS) approach, this study analyzes how FC vehicles are influenced by EVs and internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles as their context structures. To operationalize the technology relations between our focal FC-TIS and its context structures, we use the sum of international publications, patents filed at the European Patent Office, and international ISO and IEC standards as indicators for each technology. Our results show that the FC-TIS is dominated by its context structures, especially regarding commercially relevant patents and international standards. Therefore, we conclude that the FC-TIS is in its formative life-cycle phase and identify the need for intensified patenting and standardization in relation to the competing EVs and ICE vehicles. T2 - 27th EURAS Annual Standardisation Conference & 12th International Conference on Standardisation and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT) - (Responsible) Standardisation for Smart Systems CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 28.06.2023 KW - Fuel cell vehicles KW - Patents KW - Publications KW - Standards KW - Technological innovation system (TIS) KW - Technology interaction PY - 2023 SN - 978-3-95886-491-7 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - Verlagshaus Mainz CY - Aachen AN - OPUS4-57870 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Shaheen, Sabahat A1 - Hicke, Konstantin A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Earth’s near-surface characterisation using phi-OTDR based on geometric phase N2 - Phase-sensitive OTDR based on geometric phase for the first time detects surface waves generated by quarry blasts of 25 kg explosives. Inversion of dispersion curves provides depth profiles of shear-wave velocities of surface waves. T2 - Optica Sensing Congress CY - Munich, Germany DA - 30.07.2023 KW - Geophysics KW - Geometric Phase KW - Distributed Fiber Optic Sensor KW - Coherent Heterodyne KW - Surface waves PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-58044 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Epple, Niklas A1 - Sanchez Trujillo, Camila Andrea A1 - Niederleitinger, Ernst T1 - Ultrasonic monitoring of large-scale structures – input to engineering assessment N2 - Ultrasonic coda wave interferometry can detect small changes in scattering materials like concrete. We embedded ultrasonic transducers in the Gänstorbrücke Ulm, a monitored road bridge in Germany, to test the methodology. Since fall 2020, we've been monitoring parts of the bridge and comparing the results to commercial monitoring systems. We calculate signal and volumetric velocity changes using coda waves, and long-term measurements show that the influence of temperature on strains and ultrasound velocity changes can be monitored. Velocity change maps indicate that different parts of the bridge react differently to environmental temperature changes, revealing local material property differences. A load experiment with trucks allows calibration to improve detectability of possibly damaging events. Our work focuses on measurement reliability, potential use of and distinction from temperature effects, combination with complementary sensing systems, and converting measured values to information for damage and life cycle assessment. T2 - IALCCE 2023 CY - Milano, Italy DA - 02.07.2023 KW - Ultrasonic KW - Monitoring KW - Bridge KW - NDT KW - coda PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - IALCCE CY - Milan AN - OPUS4-58047 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lu, Xin A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Novel fading suppression method for distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing N2 - A universal method based on alternating pulse widths is proposed to suppress the signal fading for all distributed acoustic sensors (DASs) and experimentally demonstrated by one DAS system based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. T2 - Optica Sensing Congress CY - Munich, Germany DA - 30.07.2023 KW - Distributed fiber sensing KW - Acoustic sensing KW - Fading suppression KW - Structural health monitoring PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-58048 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Feldkamp, Martin A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Gleim, Tobias A1 - Nehrig, Marko A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - R&D Activities by BAM Related to Transport Package Fire Testing N2 - Packages for the transport of radioactive material shall meet the mechanical and thermal test requirements of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) regulations for package design approval. Besides mechanical testing, the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) performs thermal tests in accordance with the IAEA regulations. The thermal test includes a 30-minute 800°C fully engulfing fire. BAM continuously performs various thermal experiments for the investigation of the thermal response of packages with respect to the IAEA fire. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the already performed, ongoing and future physical tests and experiments of BAM in the field of thermal investigations. These research and development works shall support our competencies for the authority package design assessment. BAM operates a propane gas fire test facility. To be able to carry out comparative investigations and validity between the propane fire and the in detail prescribed pool fire test in the regulations, BAM carries out various calorimetric tests and investigates the boundary conditions of the fire with the help of fire reference packages. At the same time, we are conducting various fire scenarios with wood-filled impact limiters. Large-scale fire tests of impact limiters are carried out on a full scale as well as on a small scale. Influencing variables are investigated in particular by means of geometric changes and the consideration of artificial damages, in particular holes. In addition to propane fire as a heat source, thermal scenarios are also investigated with hydrogen as heat source and an infrared radiator system to ignite test specimens. For these numerous test arrangements, the transferability to existing and newly developed transport package designs is essential and fruitful within the review of design approvals, especially for Dual Purpose casks with a long-lasting operation time. T2 - 20th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials (PATRAM 22) CY - Juan-Les-Pins, France DA - 11.06.2023 KW - Fire KW - Testing KW - Hydrogen KW - Wood KW - Propane KW - Heat Flux KW - Fire Reference Package KW - Radioactive Material PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-57721 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lozano, Daniel A1 - Bulling, Jannis A1 - Prager, Jens T1 - Modeling guided waves interacting with arbitrarily shaped inhomogeneities using SBFEM in combination with an extruded quadtree decomposition for 3D plates N2 - For structural health monitoring systems or non-destructive testing, it is crucial to study the interactions of ultrasonic-guided waves with inhomogeneities or damage in structural components. Simulation of these interactions poses a challenge. After the wave-damage interaction, the numerical model must reproduce features like mode conversion or wave scattering. Mathematically, damages are discontinuities in a computational domain, and each wave interacts differently because of the geometrical features. We propose a quadtree-based meshing in the current contribution to capture these geometrical characteristics. This kind of discretisation approach requires special techniques to couple cells of different sizes since, after a quadtree decomposition, the problem of so-called hanging nodes may arise. Transition elements based on high-order transfinite shape functions are used to solve this issue. The advantage is that these elements allow the correct coupling of the cells while retaining a high-order interpolation. Moreover, the reuse of the dynamic stiffness matrices can be exploited based on the similarity of the cells. This procedure makes the approach very efficient. Examples show the scattering characteristics of different guided wave modes after interacting with inhomogeneities and discontinuities in a plate. T2 - DAGA 2023 CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 06.03.2023 KW - SBFEM KW - Quadtree KW - Ultrasound PY - 2023 SP - 1035 EP - 1038 CY - Hamburg AN - OPUS4-59776 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Kainz, C. A1 - Braml, T. T1 - Reliability assessment of existing concrete bridges with geometrical NDT results - Case studies N2 - The results of and the validity in reliability assessment of existing bridges essentially depend on the information available about the considered system. Information about the actual condition as well as structural and material characteristics can be observed on-site to refine the computation models used in assessment. Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for concrete structures are capable of reconstructing missing, questioned, or inconsistent as-built plans. This contribution summarizes recent developments within the scope of the national pre-standardization project “ZfPStatik”, which aims to prepare a guideline about NDT-supported structural analyses. The focus is on the purposeful and explicit utilization of geometrical tendon and reinforcement bar positions (measured on-site using the ultrasound echo and ground penetrating radar (GPR) techniques) in probabilistic reliability analyses — shown by means of real case studies. The well-established first order reliability method is applied to different concrete bridges, which are typical for the German road bridge stock, to demonstrate the utility of incorporating quality-evaluated NDT-results in terms of changes in structural reliability. T2 - 13th German-Japanese Bridge Symposium CY - Osaka, Japan DA - 28.08.2023 KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Data-informed reliability analysis PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-582727 SP - 29 EP - 40 PB - Osaka Metropolitan University CY - Osaka AN - OPUS4-58272 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Gaddampally, Mohan Reddy A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Fracture Mechanics Analysis of Spent Fuel Claddings during Long-Term Dry Interim Storage N2 - The prevention of brittle fracture of spent fuel claddings during long-term dry interim storage is based on experimental investigations, numerical analyses and assessment methods for predicting the mechanical behavior and determining limiting conditions. The ring compression test (RCT) is an established experimental method for characterizing cladding material. Test results for various high-burnup pressure water reactor zirconium-based fuel cladding alloys (e.g., ZIRLO®, M5®) are publicly available. To reduce the effort associated with irradiated samples in hot cells, it is helpful to perform studies on unirradiated surrogate cladding material. Based on such experimental data, load-displacement curves were numerically analyzed for selected cladding materials. In the presence of radial hydrides, a sample may suddenly fail by fracture even at small deformations. Noticeable load drops in the RCT occur associated to unstable crack propagation through the radial hydride network. The failure mechanism is quasi-cleavage in the hydrides and micro-void nucleation, growth, and coalescence in the zirconium matrix, with ductile tearing patches connecting neighboring hydrides. The failure process was simulated by cohesive zones controlled by the fracture energy and the cohesive strength. A modeling approach is presented in which the radial hydride morphology is taken into account. Based on the developed fracture mechanics approach with cohesive zone modeling, not only the deformation behavior but also the failure behavior of irradiated as well as unirradiated claddings with radial hydrides under RCT loading conditions can be adequately described. T2 - 20th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials (PATRAM 2022) CY - Juan-les-Pins, France DA - 11.06.2023 KW - Extended Interim Storage KW - Nuclear Fuel Cladding KW - Numerical Failure Analysis KW - Ring Compression Test KW - Spent Fuel Characterization PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-59146 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sunder, S. A1 - Jauregui Rozo, Maria A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Ruckdäschel, H. T1 - Adapting intumescent/low-melting glass flame-retardant formulations for transfer to glass-fiber-reinforced composites and post-fire mechanical analysis N2 - The residual post-fire mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced epoxy composites are influenced by their fire residues after burning. This study uses intumescent/low-melting glass flame retardants to tailor fire residues in epoxy resin. Processibility of prepregs and their quality are analysed for transfer of the flame-retardant epoxy resins to layered glass-fiber reinforced composites. Minimal effects were found on the pre-fire flexural strengths of the composites due to low loading of the flame retardants. However, when transferred to glass-fiber reinforced composites, the fire residues diminish significantly. Further studies are required to improve theoretical and experimental estimations of the post-fire mechanics of the composites. T2 - SAMPE Europe Conference 2023 CY - Madrid, Spain DA - 03.10.2023 KW - Fire residue KW - Prepregs KW - Mechanics KW - Lightweight materials KW - Composites KW - Flame retardancy PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-59138 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bintz, Thilo A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine T1 - Investigation of Capillary Water Absorption of Clinker-Reduced Binders by NMR Relaxometry N2 - To evaluate the durability of new alternative cement compositions, it is important to examine the internal transport of moisture through these materials. For this purpose, mortars were prepared from different types of cement and capillary suction experiments were carried out. The moisture transport was studied with an NMR tomograph and compared with weight measurements. With the tomograph, the total moisture input could be determined, as well as the moisture content within the samples non-destructively and spatially resolved. This allows precise observation of the moisture fronts. The tomograph was also used to determine the capillary transport coefficient. T2 - International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances of the International Society for Electromagnetic Aquametry (ISEMA) 2023 CY - Brisbane, Ausralia DA - 25.09.2023 KW - NMR relaxometry KW - Capillary suction KW - Capillary transport coefficient PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 3 AN - OPUS4-59217 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -