TY - JOUR A1 - Capitain, C. A1 - Schüßler, M. A1 - Bugsel, B. A1 - Zweigle, J. A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Leube, Peter A1 - Zwiener, C. T1 - Implementation of matrix-matched semiquantification of PFAS in AFFF-contaminated soil N2 - This study presents a novel semiquantification approach for nontarget screening (NTS), combining matrix-matched calibration and ionization class-specific average calibration curves (ACCs) to address the lack of analytical reference standards for most per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Ionization class-specific ACCs for carboxylic and sulfonic acids, sulfonamides, and cationic PFAS result in high accuracy, with median absolute accuracy quotients below 2.27×. The approach was applied to soil impacted by aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) contamination. A total of 96 tentatively identified PFAS were semiquantified in addition to 28 quantified compounds based on available standards. Semiquantified concentrations exceeded those of target analytes, demonstrating the critical role of this method in capturing broader PFAS contamination. In this case, validation against extractable organofluorine (EOF) showed a 102% closed mass balance. The innovative approach not only enables comprehensive PFAS contamination assessment in complex matrices but also expands the scope of the NTS for environmental monitoring, remediation, and risk assessment of AFFF-contaminated sites. KW - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Contaminated soil KW - Non-targeted analysis KW - Combustion ion chromatography PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-629445 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c14255 SN - 1520-5851 VL - 59 IS - 14 SP - 7338 EP - 7347 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) CY - Columbus, Ohio AN - OPUS4-62944 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yasutaka, T. A1 - Imoto, Y. A1 - Kurosawa, A. A1 - Someya, M. A1 - Higashino, K. A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Sakanakura, H. T1 - Effects of colloidal particles on the results and reproducibility of batch leaching tests for heavy metal-contaminated soil N2 - A simple batch test leaching procedure is used in many countries, as a compliance test, to evaluate the leaching of mainly inorganic substances from soil. However, agitating certain types of soil and then passing the solution through a membrane filter with 0.45-µm pores yields filtrates that have been colored by the colloidal particles. These colloids might affect the results of the inorganic substances obtained in the batch tests. In this study, we evaluated the effects of colloidal particles on the results and the reproducibility of batch tests on contaminated soil using different agitation methods and membrane filters with different pore sizes. The leaching behaviors of As, Pb, Se, F and Cl from three types of soil were studied. The As and Pb concentrations in the leachates of some types of soil were clearly affected by the amount of colloidal particles with a diameter of 0.10–0.45 µm and by the agitation method used. This was probably because As and Pb were present mainly in the particulate form in the leachate that had been passed through a membrane filter with 0.45-µm pores. This is not the case for every type of soil. The results of batch leaching tests showed that not only dissolved but also colloidal forms with a diameter of 0.10–0.45 µm might be included and that the existence of colloidal particles in the leachate decreases the batch leaching test reproducibility. KW - Leaching KW - Contaminated soil KW - Heavy metals KW - Colloids PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-429940 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080617301166#! DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2017.08.014 SN - 0038-0806 VL - 57 IS - 5 SP - 861 EP - 871 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-42994 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Christoph, Gabriele T1 - New aspects of the determination of PAH leaching behaviour from contaminated soils T2 - ConSoil 2010 - 11th International UFZ- Deltares/TNO Conference on Management of Soil, Groundwater and Sediment CY - Salzburg, Austria DA - 2010-09-22 KW - Contaminated soil KW - PAH KW - Leaching tests PY - 2010 SN - 978-3-00-032099-6 IS - Posters_A/A2/Berger_etal.pdf SP - 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-22055 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Praktische Aspekte der Anwendung von Eluierungsverfahren nach DIN 19528 und DIN 19529 N2 - Im Zusammenhang mit der Novellierung der Bundes-Bodenschutzverordnung und der Einführung einer Ersatzbaustoffverordnung wurden vom DIN-Normenausschuss Wasserwesen, Unterausschuss "Eluierungsverfahren" zwei Verfahren zur Elution von Feststoffen erarbeitet. Dabei handelt es sich um ein Säulenperkolationsverfahren zur gemeinsamen Untersuchung des Elutionsverhaltens von organischen und anorganischen Stoffen und ein Schüttelverfahren mit einem Wasser-/Feststoff-Verhältnis (W/F) von 2 l/kg zur Untersuchung der Elution von anorganischen Stoffen. Beide Verfahren sind für Bodenmaterialien und mineralische Abfälle mit einer Korngröße bis 32 mm vorgesehen. Der Vergleich der Praktikabilität der beiden Elutionsverfahren soll zur Diskussion zu deren Einsatz im Rahmen der geplanten bundeseinheitlichen gesetzlichen Regelungen beitragen, welche gegenwärtig kontrovers geführt wird. KW - Kontaminierter Boden KW - Abfall KW - Eluierungsverfahren KW - Säulenversuche KW - Schüttelversuche KW - Quellstärkeermittlung KW - Leaching KW - Contaminated soil KW - Mineral waste KW - Column test KW - Batch test KW - Legislation PY - 2009 SN - 0942-3818 SN - 1864-8371 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 10 PB - Schmidt CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-18947 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Eckardt, Jürgen A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Evaluation of leaching and extraction procedures for soil and waste N2 - Laboratory leaching tests may be used for source term determination as a basis for risk assessment for soil–groundwater pathways on contaminated sites. In order to evaluate different leaching procedures, batch extraction tests and percolation tests were performed using three reference materials produced from contaminated soil, demolition waste and municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash. Emphasis was placed on the investigation of the leachability of the heavy metals copper and chromium, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the anions chloride and sulfate. Significant discrepancies between column experiments and batch/extraction tests were found for the release of PAHs and to a lesser extent for the heavy metals Cu and Cr. Additionally interlaboratory comparisons were conducted based on different leaching tests with the reference materials and evaluated using the criteria of comparability and reproducibility. The best reproducibility was achieved for all investigated substances in column tests. The reproducibility of batch tests was acceptable except for PAHs. The results from the experimental work will help establish standardized and feasible laboratory procedures as fundamental for substance specific risk assessment of contaminated sites. KW - Leaching procedures KW - Leachate prognosis KW - Source term determination KW - Risk assessment KW - Contaminated soil KW - Waste materials PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.03.008 SN - 0956-053X VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 1027 EP - 1038 PB - Pergamon Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-17191 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Eckardt, Jürgen A1 - Christoph, Gabriele T1 - Results of interlaboratory comparisons of column percolation tests N2 - Laboratory leaching tests may be used for source term determination as a basis for risk assessment for soil–groundwater pathway (leachate forecast) on contaminated sites in Germany. Interlaboratory comparisons on the evaluation of the reproducibility of column percolation tests were conducted within the framework of an integrated R + D program using three waste reference materials. The interlaboratory comparisons of column percolation tests showed good reproducibility of the results for inorganic and organic parameters as well as for the accompanying parameters. This is due to the stipulations concerning the time of contact between leachant and sample material as well as the sample placement in the columns. Different column dimensions used by the participants of the interlaboratory comparisons did not have any substantial influence on the column test results. KW - Leachate forecast KW - Column percolation tests KW - Interlaboratory comparisons KW - Contaminated soil KW - Waste material PY - 2007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.03.039 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 148 IS - 3 SP - 714 EP - 720 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-15754 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Eckardt, Jürgen A1 - Christoph, Gabriele A1 - Walzel, Hans-Peter T1 - Column tests for studying leaching behaviour of PAH's in soil T2 - ConSoil 2005 - 9th International FZK/TNO Conference on Soil-Water Systems CY - Bordeaux, France DA - 2005-10-03 KW - Leaching behaviour KW - PAH KW - Contaminated soil KW - Leachate prognosis KW - Column tests PY - 2005 SN - 3-923704-50-X SP - 827 EP - 832 PB - Fiz Technik CY - Karlsruhe AN - OPUS4-11735 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -