TY - CONF A1 - Emamverdi, Farnaz T1 - Molecular Mobility and Physical Aging of Polymers with Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) Revisited: A Big Glassy World N2 - Polymeric membranes represent a cost- and energy-efficient solution for gas separation. Recently Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs) have been in a great interest because of their outstanding BET surface area larger than 700m2/g and pore size smaller than 1 nm. PIMs are a promising candidate in gas separation with high permeability and appealing selectivity due to their inefficient packing derived from a combination of ladder-like rigid segments with sites of contortion. However, it is recognized this class of polymers suffer from decrease in performance with time due to physical aging. The initial microporous structures approach a denser state via local chain rearrangements, leading to a dramatic reduction in permeability. As chain packing during film casting and physical aging are the key factors determine the performance in separation applications, characterization of the molecular mobility in these materials has been proved to provide valuable information. In recent research on PIM-1 the archetypal PIM, a molecular relaxation process with high activation energy together with a significant conductivity in the glassy state has been found and explained with the formation of local intermolecular agglomerates due to interaction of π-electrons in aromatic moieties of the polymer backbone. In this work, the dielectric behavior of the polymeric films and their response upon heating (aging) were measured by isothermal frequency scans during different heating/cooling cycles in a broad temperature range down to 133K for the first time. Multiple dielectric processes following Arrhenius behavior were observed. Local fluctuations, Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) polarization and structural relaxations were discussed correlating to structural-properties of PIM-1. Up to now, no other work has studied the role of porosity and thermal history of PIM-1 film in dielectric processes. The goal is by eliminating thermal history and considering storing conditions provide better understanding on aging and plasticizing in high free volume glassy polymer PIM-1. T2 - Euromembrane conference CY - Copenhagen, Denmark DA - 29.11.2021 KW - Physical aging KW - Membrane KW - Microporous structure KW - Glassy polymer PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-55758 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emamverdi, Farnaz T1 - Molecular Mobility and Physical Aging of Polymers with Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) Revisited: A Big Glassy World N2 - Polymeric membranes represent a cost- and energy-efficient solution for gas separation. Recently Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs) have been in a great interest because of their outstanding BET surface area larger than 700m2/g and pore size smaller than 1 nm. PIMs are a promising candidate in gas separation with high permeability and appealing selectivity due to their inefficient packing derived from a combination of ladder-like rigid segments with sites of contortion. However, it is recognized this class of polymers suffer from decrease in performance with time due to physical aging. The initial microporous structures approach a denser state via local chain rearrangements, leading to a dramatic reduction in permeability. As chain packing during film casting and physical aging are the key factors determine the performance in separation applications, characterization of the molecular mobility in these materials has been proved to provide valuable information. In recent research on PIM-1 the archetypal PIM, a molecular relaxation process with high activation energy together with a significant conductivity in the glassy state has been found and explained with the formation of local intermolecular agglomerates due to interaction of π-electrons in aromatic moieties of the polymer backbone. In this work, the dielectric behavior of the polymeric films and their response upon heating (aging) were measured by isothermal frequency scans during different heating/cooling cycles in a broad temperature range down to 133K for the first time. Multiple dielectric processes following Arrhenius behavior were observed. Local fluctuations, Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) polarization and structural relaxations were discussed correlating to structural-properties of PIM-1. Up to now, no other work has studied the role of porosity and thermal history of PIM-1 film in dielectric processes. The goal is by eliminating thermal history and considering storing conditions provide better understanding on aging and plasticizing in high free volume glassy polymer PIM-1. T2 - IDS Online Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 06.09.2021 KW - Physical Aging KW - BDS KW - Microporous structure KW - Permeation PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-55766 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emamverdi, Farnaz T1 - Molecular mobility and gas transport properties of mixed matrix membranes based on PIM-1 and POF fillers N2 - Especially now in times of the energy revolution, the demand for energy-efficient separation processes promotes the advancement of new high-performance materials for use as highly selective separation membranes. Polymers with intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are of high interest in the field of gas separation membranes. Currently the application of PIMs for membrane technology is still restrained by their strong tendency to physical aging involving a significant loss of their good gas separation properties. Physical aging phenomenon is related to the molecular mobility of PIMs which was investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) previously [1]. In this work, covalent phosphinine-based framework (Eto-CPSF) was used as a nanofiller (0-10 wt %) in a PIM-1 matrix to potentially enhance the gas transport properties and prevent physical aging. Since molecular mobility is a fundamental parameter determining gas transport as well as physical aging in such a material, our study includes dielectric investigations by BDS of pure PIM-1 and PIM-1/Eto-CPSF mixed matrix membranes to establish a correlation between molecular mobility and gas transport properties. In addition, gas permeability was determined by the time-lag method (0-10 bar pressure) at 35 °C for N2, O2, CH4 and CO2 for all MMMs. The dielectric behavior of the polymeric films and their response upon heating were measured by isothermal frequency scans during different heating/cooling cycles in a broad temperature range up to 250 °C. Multiple dielectric processes following Arrhenius behavior were observed. Local fluctuations, Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) polarization and structural relaxations were discussed correlating to structural-properties of PIM-1. As main result for MMMs, the permeability of PIM-1 for CH4 and CO2 gases were increased significantly with only 5 wt% of nanofiller within the polymer matrix. However, this is not observed for Eto-CPSF concentrations higher than ca. 7 wt% probably due to a microphase separated morphology of the nanocomposite system. Furthermore, the permselectivity of membranes for pair gases O2/N2 and CO2/N2 show enhancement up to a concentration of about 7 wt% Eto-CPSF filler. T2 - 11th BDS conference CY - San Sebastian, Spain DA - 04.09.2022 KW - Gas transport KW - BDS KW - Mixed Matrix Membrane KW - Nanocomposite PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55752 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elert, Anna Maria A1 - Chen, Yong-Cin A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob A1 - Topolniak, Ievgeniia A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina T1 - Effects of the charge density of nanopapers based on carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibrils investigated by complementary techniques N2 - Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with different charge densities were prepared and investigated by a combination of different complementary techniques sensitive to the structure and molecular dynamics of the system. The morphology of the materials was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS). The latter measurements were quantitatively analyzed yielding to molecular parameters in dependence of the charge density like the diameter of the fibrils, the distance between the fibrils, and the dimension of bundles of nanofibrils, including pores. The influence of water on the properties and the charge density is studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The TGA measurements reveal two mass loss processes. The one at lower temperatures was related to the loss of water, and the second process at higher temperatures was related to the chemical decomposition. The resulting char yield could be correlated to the distance between the microfibrils. The DSC investigation for hydrated CNFs revealed three glass transitions due to the cellulose segments surrounded by water molecules in different states. In the second heating scan, only one broad glass transition is observed. The dielectric spectra reveal two relaxation processes. At low temperatures or higher frequencies, the β-relaxation is observed, which is assigned to localized fluctuation of the glycosidic linkage. At higher temperatures and lower frequencies, the α-relaxation takes places. This relaxation is due to cooperative fluctuations in the cellulose segments. Both processes were quantitatively analyzed. The obtained parameters such as the relaxation rates were related to both the morphological data, the charge density, and the content of water for the first time. KW - Cellulose nanofibrils PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600528 DO - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c00255 SN - 2470-1343 VL - 9 SP - 20152 EP - 20166 PB - ACS AN - OPUS4-60052 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eisentraut, Paul A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Repräsentative Mikroplastik-Detektion in Umweltproben - Weiterentwicklung der TED-GC/MS N2 - Die große Herausforderung in der Detektion von Mikroplastik (MP)‑Partikeln (1-1000 µm) besteht darin, sie neben Millionen von natürlichen Partikeln in Umweltproben nachzuweisen. Zum Aufspüren von Senken, Eintragspfaden und für Monitoring-Kampagnen ist ein schnelles, automatisiertes Verfahren unerlässlich. Ein solches Verfahren wurde an der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) mit der ThermoExtraktion/Desorption-Gaschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie (TED-GC/MS) in den letzten Jahren entwickelt. KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS PY - 2021 UR - https://analyticalscience.wiley.com/do/10.1002/was.0004000195 SN - 0016-3538 SP - 2 EP - 5 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-54266 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisentraut, Paul T1 - Microplastic analysis using TED-GC/MS: H/D-Exchange of decomposition products of D-marked polystyrene as an internal standard N2 - Deuterated polystyrene (D-PS) improves microplastic detection with TED-GC / MS, among other things through higher reproducibility. It is inexpensive (0.1 ct / analysis) and can be dosed quickly and reproducibly thanks to its good solubility (e.g. in toluene). However, certain matrices lead to an exchange of the deuterium with hydrogen. The poster shows the measuring principle, in which matrices H/D-exchange takes place, the results of kinetic studies and ways of preventing or circumventing the H/D-exchange. T2 - SALSA MAKE AND MEASURE 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 16.09.2021 KW - Microplastic KW - H/D-Exchange KW - Internal Standard KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Thermoanalytic PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53681 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisentraut, Paul T1 - Mikroplastikanalytik mittels TED-GC/MS: H/D-Austausch an Zersetzungsprodukten von D-markiertem Polystyrol als interner Standard N2 - Deuteriertes Polystyrol (D-PS) verbessert die Mikroplastikdetektion mit der TED-GC/MS, u.a. durch höhere Reproduzierbarkeit. Es ist kostengünstig (0,1 ct/Analyse) und durch die gute Löslichkeit (z.B. in Toluol) schnell und reproduzierbar zu dosieren. Bestimmte Matrices führen jedoch zu einem Austausch des Deuteriums durchWasserstoff. Das Poster zeigt das Messprinzip, bei welchen Matrices H/D-Austausch erfolgt, Ergebnisse von Kinetikuntersuchungen sowie Möglichkeiten, den Austausch zu verhindern oder zu umgehen. T2 - Tagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft CY - Online Meeting DA - 10.05.2021 KW - Mikroplastik KW - Analyse KW - Interner Standard KW - H/D-Austausch PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52727 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisentraut, Paul T1 - Qualitätssicherung bei der Analyse von Mikroplastik per TED GC/MS N2 - Die Thermo Extraktion Desorption Gas Chromatograpie Massen Spektrometrie (TED-GC/MS) ist ein schnelles thermoanalytisches Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Gehalten an Mikroplastik (MP). Die Kombination aus teils schwerflüchtigen Analyten und Kältebrücken führt zu Memory-Effekten, denen u.a. durch häufige Blindwertmessungen begegnet werden muss. Reduzierte Probedurchsätze sind die Folge. Um Messergebnisse abzusichern und den Gerätestatus bei gleichzeitig hoher Messleistung überwachen zu können, wurde die sequentielle Standardmethode überarbeitet. T2 - Tagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft 2022 CY - Online meeting DA - 23.05.2022 KW - Mikroplastik KW - Thermoanalytik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Qualitätssicherung PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55087 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisentraut, Paul T1 - Improvements in micro- & nanoplastic mass detection by TED-GC/MS N2 - Introduction to microplastics, definition, relevance, analytical approaches & challenges. TED-GC/MS working principle, features & performance. Optimisation in TED-GC/MS methodology, new validation data. Replacement of Internal Standard, outlook towards upcoming publication and application within EU´s revised drinking water directive. T2 - SETAC 2023 CY - Dublin, Ireland DA - 01.05.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - Thermoanalytics KW - Validation KW - Internal Standard PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57421 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisentraut, Paul T1 - Fast quantitative detection of microplastics using TED-GC/MS, an innovative thermoanalytical method N2 - Im Vortrag wird die BAM vorgestellt und die Motivation für Engagement im Feld der Mikroplastikanalysen dargelegt. Die Herausforderungen bei der Analyse werden aufgezeigt und der Umgang mit ihnen. Das Arbeitsprinzip der TED-GC/MS sowie Leistungsparameter werden erläutert sowie das Vorgehen zur Identifikation und Quantifizierung von Polymeren in er Umwelt. An ausgewählten Beispielen werden interessante Ergebnisse präsentiert und die Mikroplastikreferenzmaterialien der BAM vorgestellt. N2 - In the talk, the BAM is introduced and the motivation for our engagement in the field of microplastic analysis is explained. The challenges in the analysis of microplastics are shown and how we deal with them. The working principle of TED-GC/MS and its performance parameters are presented, as well as the procedure for identifying and quantifying polymers in environmental samples. Interesting results are shown using selected examples. Finally, BAM's microplastic reference materials are highlighted. T2 - National Environmental Monitoring Conference CY - Online meeting DA - 02.08.2021 KW - Microplastic KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Environmental analysis PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53081 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eiby, Simon H. J. A1 - Tobler, Dominique J. A1 - Voigt, Laura A1 - van Genuchten, Case M. A1 - Bruns, Stefan A1 - Jensen, Kirsten M. Ø. A1 - Stawski, Tomasz M. A1 - Wirth, Richard A1 - Benning, Liane G. A1 - Stipp, S. L. S. A1 - Dideriksen, Knud T1 - Topotactic Redox-Catalyzed Transformation of Iron Oxides N2 - Fe oxides frequently exist in systems containing both Fe(II) and Fe(III), where their reactivity is enhanced and where interfacial electron transfer from Fe(II) adsorbed to the solids causes the transformation of metastable Fe oxides. Here, we contribute to the understanding of such a transformation using green rust sulfate (GR) synthesized in the presence or absence of Si or Al as the starting material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and pair distribution function (PDF) analyses showed that (i) rapid oxidation by Cr(VI) caused transformation to Fe oxyhydroxide with short-range ordering, with a pattern identical to that reported for the oxidation of isolated GR hydroxide sheets (i.e., a trilayer of Fe with both edge- and corner-sharing polyhedra) and (ii) goethite formed at the expense of the short-range-ordered Fe oxyhydroxide when residual Fe(II) was present, particularly when Si was absent. This is consistent with the Fe(II)-catalyzed transformation of the short-range-ordered Fe oxyhydroxide. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the two oxidation products coexisted within individual particles and that particle shape and the crystallographic orientation of both products were inherited from the original GR crystals, i.e., they had formed through topotactic transformation. We interpret that the structural reorganization to goethite occurred either in response to distortions caused by polaron movement or as a result of electron transfer reactions occurring at internal surfaces. Once nucleated, goethite growth can be sustained by dissolution–reprecipitation. KW - Iron oxide KW - Electron microscopy KW - Pair distribution funvtion KW - Total scattering PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00220 SN - 2472-3452 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-64924 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eggert, Claudia A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Welcome and Introduction N2 - Nanotechnology has emerged over the past decade as a key field involving the design, characterization, production, and application of materials, structures, devices, and systems at the nanometer scale. Due to their large specific surface area and significant surface chemistry, nanomaterials offer enhanced material properties and product functionalities. However, alongside these advancements comes the potential risk to humans and the environment. The development of nanomaterials has provided new opportunities to understand matter at the nanoscale, accelerating the creation of innovative advanced materials and devices. The expertise gained in the standardization and regulation of nanomaterials, particularly in characterizing nanoparticulate matter, should be applied to other innovative advanced materials, such as (nano)composites, 2D structures, additive manufactured materials, gels, and foams. Initial guidance for the safe-and-sustainable-by-design (SSbD) development of advanced materials during the early innovation phase has been introduced by various groups and projects. Additionally, digital material passports (DMP) and digital product passports (DPP) need to be defined and implemented uniformly across Europe. In 2024, the Innovative Advanced Materials Initiative (IAM-I) was launched by European stakeholders to contribute to a "Research and Innovation ecosystem that will significantly accelerate the time-to-market of sustainable innovative advanced materials (IAMs) and associated technologies designed for a digital circular economy." Knowledge transfer is a crucial pillar of this ecosystem, and a future IAM-I Academy could be a valuable tool. Initially, it is essential to define "education & training needs to boost Europe’s competitiveness and sovereignty within the area of IAM." T2 - Nano and Beyond - What can we learn from Nano for other Innovative Advanced Materials? CY - Online meeting DA - 04.07.2025 KW - Advance Materials KW - Nanomaterials KW - IAM-I KW - SSbD KW - DMP KW - DPP PY - 2025 UR - https://www.bam-akademie.de/kursangebot/kurs/webinar-nano-and-beyond-55.html?lang=en AN - OPUS4-63690 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edzards, Joshua A1 - Saßnick, Holger-Dietrich A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Valencia, Ana M. A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Beyer, Sebastian A1 - Cocchi, Caterina T1 - Effects of Ligand Substituents on the Character of Zn-Coordination in Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks N2 - Due to their favorable properties and high porosity, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have recently received much limelight for key technologies such as energy storage, optoelectronics, sensorics, and catalysis. Despite widespread interest in these materials, fundamental questions regarding the zinc coordination environment remain poorly understood. By focusing on zinc(II)2-methylimidazolate (ZIF-8) and its tetrahedrally coordinated analogues with Br-, Cl-, and H-substitution in the 2-ring position, we aim to clarify how variations in the local environment of Zn impact the charge distribution and the electronic properties of these materials. Our results from densityfunctional theory confirm the presence of a Zn coordinative bond with a large polarization that is quantitatively affected by different substituents on the organic ligand. Moreover, our findings suggest that the variations in the Zn coordination induced by the functionalization have a negligible effect on the electronic structure of the considered compounds. On the other hand, halogen terminations of the ligands lead to distinct electronic contributions in the vicinity of the frontier region which ultimately reduce the band gap size by a few hundred millielectron volts. Experimental results obtained from X-ray absorption spectroscopy (Zn K-edge) confirm the trends predicted by theory and, together with them, contribute to a better understanding of the structure−property relationships that are needed to tailor ZIFs for target applications. KW - Surfaces KW - Physical and Theoretical Chemistry KW - General Energy KW - Electronic KW - Coatings and Films KW - Optical and Magnetic Materials PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-589117 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c06054 SN - 1932-7447 VL - 127 IS - 43 SP - 21456 EP - 21464 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-58911 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Duwe, M. T1 - Thickness Profiling of the Superficial Amorphization and Re-Crystallization of Silicon Induced by Femtosecond Laser Pulses N2 - Crystalline Silicon undergoes a complex phase-change dynamic of melting, amorphization, ablation and re-crystallization upon irradiation with high intensity ultra-short laser pulses [1]. The final state of such a modified surface spot depends on many factors, most notably the local fluence and the surface’s crystal orientation. In this study, we induced superficial structure and phase changes in Silicon <111> and <100> wafers using single femtosecond laser pulses (790 nm, 30 fs) for a range of different peak fluences. The resulting surface modifications were studied in great detail using a number of different techniques, including spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry (SIE), atomic force microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy within scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM-EDX). Playing a pivotal role in this work, SIE provided non-destructive measurements for the calculation of the radial amorphous layer-thickness profiles of the irradiated spots using a two-layer thin-film model (Silicon dioxide and amorphous Silicon on a crystalline Silicon substrate). The measurements further allowed for the analysis of the oxide-layer modifications induced by the laser treatment. The results of the SIE-calculations were cross-checked by an in-depth material lamella via HRTEM and STEM-EDX. T2 - 11th Workshop Ellipsometry (WSE 11) CY - Steyr, Austria DA - 06.09.2021 KW - Femtosecond Laser KW - Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry KW - Amorphization KW - Ablation KW - Re-crystallization PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53363 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Durlo Tambara, Luís Urbano A1 - Nikoonasab, Ali A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Gluth, Gregor T1 - Determination of the oxidation depths of ground granulated blast furnace slag-containing cement pastes using Mn K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy N2 - The redox potential of the pore solution of hardened cements containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) affects reinforcement corrosion and immobilization of radioactive waste. Here, Mn K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was applied to determine the depth profile of the oxidation state of manganese in hardened GGBFS-containing cement pastes. Manganese was oxidized in the outer regions of some of the pastes, but the depth to which this occurred was not identical with the ‘blue-green/white color change front’, usually interpreted as indicating oxidation of sulfur species. For CEM III/B, the color change of the material was gradual and thus unsuitable for a precise determination of the oxidation depth, while for the alkali-activated slag, a distinct color change front was found, but full oxidation of manganese and sulfur had not occurred in the brighter region. Mn K-edge XANES spectroscopy is thus a more reliable method than the determination of the visual color change front to follow the ingress of the oxidation front. KW - Manganese KW - Oxidation KW - Sulfide KW - Alkali-activated materials KW - Redox conditions PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-651469 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.70445 SN - 0002-7820 SN - 1551-2916 VL - 109 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Wiley CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-65146 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dumit, Verónica I. A1 - Furxhi, Irini A1 - Nymark, Penny A1 - Afantitis, Antreas A1 - Ammar, Ammar A1 - Amorim, Monica J. B. A1 - Antunes, Dalila A1 - Avramova, Svetlana A1 - Battistelli, Chiara L. A1 - Basei, Gianpietro A1 - Bossa, Cecilia A1 - Cimpan, Emil A1 - Cimpan, Mihaela Roxana A1 - Ciornii, Dmitri A1 - Costa, Anna A1 - Delpivo, Camilla A1 - Dusinska, Maria A1 - Fonseca, Ana Sofia A1 - Friedrichs, Steffi A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Hristozov, Danail A1 - Isigonis, Panagiotis A1 - Jeliazkova, Nina A1 - Kochev, Nikolay A1 - Kranjc, Eva A1 - Maier, Dieter A1 - Melagraki, Georgia A1 - Papadiamantis, Anastasios G. A1 - Puzyn, Tomasz A1 - Rauscher, Hubert A1 - Reilly, Katie A1 - Jiménez, Araceli Sánchez A1 - Scott‐Fordsmand, Janeck J. A1 - Shandilya, Neeraj A1 - Shin, Hyun Kil A1 - Tancheva, Gergana A1 - van Rijn, Jeaphianne P. M. A1 - Willighagen, Egon L. A1 - Wyrzykowska, Ewelina A1 - Bakker, Martine I. A1 - Drobne, Damjana A1 - Exner, Thomas E. A1 - Himly, Martin A1 - Lynch, Iseult T1 - Challenges and Future Directions in Assessing the Quality and Completeness of Advanced Materials Safety Data for Re‐Usability: A Position Paper From the Nanosafety Community N2 - Ensuring data quality, completeness, and interoperability is crucial for progressing safety research, Safe‐and‐Sustainable‐by‐Design approaches, and regulatory approval of nanoscale and advanced materials. While the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Re‐usable) principles aim to promote data re‐use, they do not address data quality, essential for data re‐use for advancing sustainable and safe innovation. Effective quality assurance procedures require (meta)data to conform to community‐agreed standards. Nanosafety data offer a key reference point for developing best practices in data management for advanced materials, as their large‐scale generation coincided with the emergence of dedicated data quality criteria and concepts such as FAIR data. This work highlights frameworks, methodologies, and tools that address the challenges associated with the multidisciplinary nature of nanomaterial safety data. Existing approaches to evaluating the reliability, relevance, and completeness of data are considered in light of their potential for integration into harmonized standards and adaptation to advance material requirements. The goal here is to emphasize the importance of automated tools to reduce manual labor in making (meta)data FAIR, enabling trusted data re‐use and fostering safer, more sustainable innovation of advanced materials. Awareness and prioritization of these challenges are critical for building robust data infrastructures. KW - Advanced materials KW - Safety data KW - Re-usability KW - Nanosafety KW - SSbD KW - FAIR KW - Standardisation PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-652918 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500567 SN - 2366-7486 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-65291 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dudziak, Mateusz A1 - Topolniak, Ievgeniia A1 - Silbernagl, Dorothee A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Sturm, Heinz T1 - Long-time behavior of surface properties of microstructures fabricated by multiphoton lithography N2 - The multiphoton lithography (MPL) technique represents the future of 3D microprinting, enabling the production of complex microscale objects with high precision. Although the MPL fabrication parameters are widely evaluated and discussed, not much attention has been given to the microscopic properties of 3D objects with respect to their surface properties and time-dependent stability. These properties are of crucial importance when it comes to the safe and durable use of these structures in biomedical applications. In this work, we investigate the surface properties of the MPL-produced SZ2080 polymeric microstructures with regard to the physical aging processes during the post-production stage. The influence of aging on the polymeric microstructures was investigated by means of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). As a result, a time-dependent change in Young’s Modulus, plastic deformation, and adhesion and their correlation to the development in chemical composition of the surface of MPL-microstructures are evaluated. The results presented here are valuable for the application of MPL-fabricated 3D objects in general, but especially in medical technology as they give detailed information of the physical and chemical time-dependent dynamic behavior of MPL-printed surfaces and thus their suitability and performance in biological systems. KW - Multiphoton lithography KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Microfabrication KW - SZ2080 negative photo-resist KW - Young´s modulus KW - Aging KW - Surface properties KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Atomic force microscopy KW - Force-distance-curve PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-542166 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11123285 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 11 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-54216 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dudziak, Mateusz A1 - Riechers, Birte A1 - Maaß, Robert A1 - Michalchuk, Adam A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina T1 - Beyond conventional calorimetry: Unlocking thermal characterization with fast scanning techniques N2 - Fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) has emerged as a transformative technique in thermal analysis, enabling the investigation of rapid and kinetically driven thermal transitions that are inaccessible to conventional differential scanning calorimetry. This review highlights the capabilities enabled by FSC for studying a wide range of materials under extreme thermal conditions, including polymers, pharmaceuticals, metallic glasses, nanocomposites, and hydrogels. By employing ultrafast heating and cooling rates, FSC allows for the suppression of crystallization, resolution of weak transitions, and analysis of thermally labile or size-limited samples. The technique is particularly valuable for probing glass transitions, relaxation phenomena, and phase behavior in systems with complex morphologies or confined geometries. Case studies demonstrate the use of FSC in characterizing vitrification, physical aging, and interfacial dynamics, as well as its application in emerging fields such as additive manufacturing, supramolecular systems, and neuromorphic materials. Together, these examples underscore the role that FSC plays in advancing the understanding of structure-property relationships across diverse material classes. KW - Flash DSC KW - Calorimetry KW - Glass transition PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-647405 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2025.180177 VL - 754 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-64740 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dudziak, Mateusz A1 - Bhatia, Riya A1 - Dey, R. A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Ullrich, M. S. A1 - Thomsen, C. A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Wastewater phosphorus enriched algae as a sustainable flame retardant in polylactide N2 - Revolutionizing our polymer industry for adaption to a sustainable carbon circular economy has become one of today’s most demanding challenges. Exploiting renewable resources to replace fossil-fuel—based plastics with biopolymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is inevitable while using waste streams as a raw material resource at least is promising. When it comes to using PLA as technical polymer, its high flammability must be addressed by flame retardants compatible with the thermoplastic processing of PLA and its compostability. This study proposes microalgae enriched with phosphorus from wastewater (P-Algae) as an elegant way towards a kind of sustainable organophosphorus flame retardant. The concept is demonstrated by investigating the processing, pyrolysis, flammability, and fire behavior of PLA/P-Algae, while varying the P-Algae content and comparing P-Algae with four alternative bio-fillers (phosphorylated lignin, biochar, thermally treated sewage sludge, and metal phytate) with different P-contents as meaningful benchmarks. KW - PLA KW - Flame Retardancy KW - Phosphorylated Algae KW - Wastewater flame retardants KW - Zink phytate KW - Phosphorylated lignin KW - Thermally treated sludge PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604150 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110885 SN - 1873-2321 SN - 0141-3910 VL - 227 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-60415 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dubey, A. A1 - Hon Keat, C. A1 - Shvartsman, V. A1 - Yusenko, Kirill A1 - Escobar, M. A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Hagemann, U. A1 - Kovalenko, S. A1 - Stächler, J. A1 - Lupascu, D. T1 - Mono-, Di-, and Tri-valent Cation Doped BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 Nanoparticles: Ferroelectric Photocatalysts N2 - The ferroelectricity of multivalent co-doped Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3; BFO) nanoparticles (NPs) is revealed and utilized for light photocatalysis exploiting their narrow electronic band gap. The photocatalytic activity of ferroelectric photocatalysts BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 (BFM) NPs and mono-, di-, or tri-valent cations (Ag+, Ca2+, Dy3+; MDT) co-incorporated BFM NPs are studied under ultrasonication and in acidic conditions. We find that such doping enhances the photocatalytic activity of the ferroelectric NPs approximately three times. The correlation of the photocatalytic activity with structural, optical, and electrical properties of the doped NPs is established. The increase of spontaneous polarization by the mono- and tri-valent doping is one of the major factors in enhancing the photocatalytic performance along with other factors such as stronger light absorption in the visible range, low recombination rate of charge carriers and larger surface area of NPs. A-site doping of BFO NPs by divalent elements suppresses the polarization, whereas trivalent (Dy3+) and monovalent (Ag+) cations provide an increase of polarization. The depolarization field in these single domain NPs acts as a driving force to mitigate recombination of the photoinduced charge carriers. KW - Piezoresponse KW - Bismuth Ferrite KW - Nanoparticles KW - Photocatalysis KW - Ferroelectric KW - Polarization PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-557230 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202207105 SN - 1616-301X SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-55723 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drobne, D. A1 - Ciornii, Dmitri A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Bohmer, N. A1 - Novak, S. A1 - Kranjc, E. A1 - Kononenko, V. A1 - Reuther, R. T1 - Knowledge, Information, and Data Readiness Levels (KaRLs) for Risk Assessment, Communication, and Governance of Nano-, New, and Other Advanced Materials N2 - The obvious benefits derived from the increasing use of engineered nano-, new, and advanced materials and associated products have to be weighed out by a governance process against their possible risks. Differences in risk perception (beliefs about potential harm) among stakeholders, in particular nonscientists, and low transparency of the underlying decision processes can lead to a lack of support and acceptance of nano-, new, and other advanced material enabled products. To integrate scientific outcomes with stakeholders needs, this work develops a new approach comprising a nine-level, stepwise categorization and guidance system entitled “Knowledge, Information, and Data Readiness Levels” (KaRLs), analogous to the NASA Technology Readiness Levels. The KaRL system assesses the type, extent, and usability of the available data, information, and knowledge and integrates the participation of relevant and interested stakeholders in a cocreation/codesign process to improve current risk assessment, communication, and governance. The novelty of the new system is to communicate and share all available and relevant elements on material related risks in a user/stakeholder-friendly, transparent, flexible, and holistic way and so stimulate reflection, awareness, communication, and a deeper understanding that ultimately enables the discursive process that is needed for the sustainable risk governance of new materials. KW - Risk asessment KW - Advanced materials KW - TRL KW - Governance KW - Data readiness level PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575344 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202200211 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Wiley-VCH AN - OPUS4-57534 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Driscoll, Laura L. A1 - Driscoll, Elizabeth H. A1 - Dong, Bo A1 - Sayed, Farheen N. A1 - Wilson, Jacob N. A1 - O’Keefe, Christopher A. A1 - Gardner, Dominic J. A1 - Grey, Clare P. A1 - Allan, Phoebe K. A1 - Michalchuk, Adam A1 - Slater, Peter R. T1 - Under pressure: offering fundamental insight into structural changes on ball milling battery materials N2 - Synthesis of Li ion battery materials via ball milling has been a huge area of growth, leading to new high-capacity electrode materials, such as a number of promising disordered rocksalt (DRS) phases. In prior work, it was generally assumed that the synthesis was facilitated simply by local heating effects during the milling process. In this work, we show that ball milling Li2MoO4 leads to a phase transformation to the high pressure spinel polymorph and we report electrochemical data for this phase. This observation of the formation of a high pressure polymorph shows that local heating effects alone cannot explain the phase transformation observed (phenakite to spinel) and so indicates the importance of other effects. In particular, we propose that when the milling balls collide with the material, the resulting shockwaves exert a localised pressure effect, in addition to local heating. To provide further support for this, we additionally report ball milling results for a number of case studies (Li2MnO3, Li2SnO3, Nb2O5) which reinforces the conclusion that local heating alone cannot explain the phase transformations observed. The work presented thus provides greater fundamental understanding of milling as a synthetic pathway and suggests potential strategies to prepare such samples without milling (e.g., doping to create internal chemical pressure). In addition, we suggest that further research is needed into the effect of the use of milling as a route to smaller particles, since we believe that such milling may also be affecting the surface structure of the particles through the influence of the shockwaves generated. KW - Pollution KW - Nuclear Energy and Engineering KW - Sustainability and the Environment KW - Environmental Chemistry KW - Renewable Energy PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-590086 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ee00249g VL - 16 IS - 11 SP - 5196 EP - 5209 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) AN - OPUS4-59008 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Drexel, R. T1 - Nano-sized Polypropylene as a Promising Candidate Reference Material: Preparation, Characterization and Stability in Complex Matrices N2 - The lack of nanoplastic (NPs) reference materials capable of mimicking real-world scenarios is currently hampering the development of validated extraction techniques from complex matrices (e.g. soils, sediments, biota), the development of analytical approaches for robust identification and quantification, and the ability to use environmentally relevant test materials in (eco)toxicity testing and hazard assessment [1]. The large body of available data suggests that larger microplastics (MPs) in the natural environment are irregular shaped, partially degraded (chemically and physically), a continuum of sizes, shapes and densities, represent a wide range of polymer types, and acts as a reservoir for thousands of plastic chemicals. Although NPs have been described as being neither MPs nor engineered nanoparticles [2], and while direct measurement data of true NP in the environment remain elusive, they are expected to be as equally diverse as MPs [3]. Here, we present a strategy towards the development of a potential NP reference material based on nano-sized polyproplyene particles (nanoPP) developed within the EURAMET-funded PlasticTrace project (https://plastictrace.eu/). The strategy includes the preparation, the physicochemical characterization and the stability assessment of nanoPP in suspension both in its pristine state, but also when spiked into food (mineral water and milk) and environmental matrices (suspended particulate matter collected from the river Elbe ). Collected experimental data suggests nanoPP to be a promising candidate for a NP reference material. T2 - SETAC Europe 2025 CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 11.05.2025 KW - Nanoplastics KW - Reference materials PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63382 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Drago, Claudia T1 - Sweetening the (microplastics) pill: PET tablets (1-100µm) as candidate reference material for the validation of microplastics measurement N2 - The lack of validation and standard procedures in microplastics studies has led to the inability to compare and harmonise data from different analytical methods, laboratories and time scales. To monitor and regulate exposure to microplastics in the environment and in food for human health, it is crucial to ensure their comparability and to validate the analytical methods used in microplastics studies. Monitoring microplastics requires complex approaches for accurate determination otherwise it can lead to an over- or underestimation in environmental and food-relevant matrices. Moreover, to support the need of reliable measurement required by the European legislation directive on drinking water (EU 2020/2184) or the revision of the urban waste water directive, which will be finalised in 2024 the production and validation of polymeric reference materials with environmentally relevant concentrations, irregular shapes, defined aging status and different sizes is essential. The production of reference material with acceptable uncertainties in homogeneity need to be balanced, considering the low microplastics concentrations detected in the environment and in food. The aim of the project PLASTICTRACE and of this study, is to propose a “easy-to-use PET tablet ” (PET particle size mainly 1-100 µm) for routine applications as a candidate general reference material for detection methods. Batches of water-soluble matrix containing different concentrations of PET powder were produced. Results of imaging and counting methods (SEM, Laser diffraction), including production´s challenges; together with thermo-analytical methods (TED-GC/MS and Py-GC/MS) and vibrational spectroscopy (µ-Raman and µ-FTIR), will be presented. These data are useful to assess homogeneity and stability of the particles over time according to ISO 33405:2024. In addition, we will show some insights on the application of the PET-tablets in complex matrices, as milk powder and suspended solid from surface water, that could be easily used for routine microplastics analysis. T2 - MICRO 2024 CY - Arrecife, Spain DA - 23.09.2024 KW - Microplastics KW - Reference materials KW - Polymer 3R KW - TED-GC/MS PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61274 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Drago, Claudia T1 - Rapid sample preparation to detect microplastics in baby milk powder N2 - Microplastics, ubiquitous as it is, could be released into food during production chain, through packaging and by consumer´s use. To determinate human exposure to microplastics is crucial to monitor microplastics in food matrices. The current absence of standard sample preparation procedures to identify and quantify different microplastics according to number and mass have generate time-consuming protocols and lack of comparability among different analytical methods, laboratories and time scales. Monitoring microplastics in complex matrices as food, and in particular in baby milk powder, requires an accurate approach that need to be validate, to ensure the comparability of results. Bottled drinking water or surface waters, for example, can be measured with mass-based methods (TED-GC/MS or Py-GC/MS) directly after filtration. Baby milk powder, instead is more challenging, due to the proteins and fatty acid that clog the filters and contaminate the measuring devices with heavy carry over. In this study, we characterize the baby milk powder by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and we tested different treatments for matrix reduction: water, H2O2, citric acids. In particular, the use of citric acid was tested for protein reduction before filtration. Our hypothesis was that citric acid will induce the precipitation of proteins and amino acids, leading to a strong matrix reduction. In fact, this sample pre treatment, allowed us to use a higher intake, necessary for representative quantification. Finally, the milk powder was spiked with reference material tablets containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The PET was not degraded by the citric acid and high recovery rate was achieved by TED-GC/MS and Py-GC/MS methods. Considering the simplicity and accessibility of this sample preparation and its robust results, this procedure could be easily proposed as a simple sample preparation approach to monitor microplastics by mass-based methods. T2 - MICRO 2024 CY - Arrecife, Spain DA - 23.09.2024 KW - Microplastics KW - Milk KW - Polymer 3R KW - TED-GC/MS PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61273 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Drago, C. T1 - Standardization Methods for the Analysis of Microplastics (10 100µm) in Food Matrix: Sample Preparation and Digestion of Milk Powder. N2 - Monitoring of microplastics in food matrices is crucial to determinate the human exposure. By direct ingestion microplastics could be released in the food during the production, through packaging and by consumer’s use. The absence of standard methods to quantify and detect different size range and type of microplastics has led to difficult and time consuming procedural steps, poor accuracy and lack of comparability. In this work, matrix characterization and laboratory experiments were used to investigate the efficiency of sample preparation in milk powder. This information is crucial to compile a standard procedure for sample preparation and digestion of common milk powder to detect different particle sizes and types of polymers. Charaterisation is done by TGA and TOC measurements. T2 - SETAC Europe 2024 CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 05.05.2024 KW - Microplastics KW - Harmonisation in microplastics KW - Polymer 3R KW - Microplastics in milk PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60034 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Drago, C A1 - Wiesner, Yosri A1 - Braun, U A1 - Giovannozi, A A1 - Fadda, M A1 - Putzu, Mara A1 - Lorenzo, S A1 - Moscoso-Pérez, C A1 - Benismail, N A1 - Palma, C A1 - Almeida, J A1 - Mattarozzi, M A1 - Barbaresi, M A1 - Piergiovanni, M A1 - Masino, M A1 - Bianchi, F A1 - Careri, M A1 - v Bavel, B A1 - Maltseva, A A1 - Sillanpää, M A1 - Pröfrock, D A1 - Wippermann, D A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Harmonisation of sample preparation for microplastic analysis: Recovery rates of tablets containing microplastics as reference material for food and environmental matrix N2 - Microplastic are found ubiquitarians in the environment and food products. Up to now, their impact of risks on health and environment is still controversially discussed, but based on the precautionary principle alone, their presence should be monitored and emission should be reduced (see here also the status of existing EU regulations ). The crucial point is not only the reduction of microplastics pollution but also the introduction of legally binding, standardized procedures for their analysis. The limited availability of certified reference material as well as absence of standard operating procedures to identify, characterize and quantify microplastics according to number and mass have generated lack of comparability between different analytical methods and laboratories; but also, the need of time-consuming development of own protocols for each laboratory. Further on, harmonisation and standardisation of microplastics analysis requires specific reference materials that are used to validate the measurement and to ensure the comparability of results. In the first step, we developed tablets of a water-soluble matrix, containing defined numbers of microplastic particles or mass contents. These can be solved in water and can be handled as reference materials in bottled drinking water without additional sample preparation. These samples can be measured, using mass-based methods as thermo-analytical methods like thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) or pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and using umber-based methods as vibrational spectroscopy like Infrared and Raman directly after filtration. The aim of this work was to delevop standard operating procedure to measure microplastics in more complex matrices and to harmonise and compare different detection and characterization methods. In fact, these matrices require different additional treatments to allow a reliable quantification and identification of microplastics. T2 - SETAC Europe 2025 CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 11.05.2025 KW - Microplastics KW - Nanoplastics PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63366 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dorau, Kristof A1 - Rückamp, Daniel A1 - Weber, Christian A1 - Scheeder, Georg A1 - Reßing, Ronja A1 - Peth, Stephan A1 - Otto, Philipp A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Fries, Elke A1 - Hoppe, Martin T1 - Characterization and spatial distribution of mesoplastics in an arable soil N2 - AbstractExtraction of plastic particles from soil is challenging and, thus, exceptionally little spatial information on plastic distribution at the field scale has been gathered. However, for environmental risk assessment, adequate sampling should complement coherent plastic profiling. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of mesoplastics (MePs; from 5 mm up to 130 mm) in arable soil (Haplic Cambisol) managed intensively by 12 years of compost application. Geo‐referenced samples (n = 128) and five different sampling designs (n = 45) of variable sampling volume (from 2 to 300 L) were collected at a three hectare study site in Northern Germany (0–30 cm soil depth). Soil properties such as pH and soil organic carbon (SOC) were measured to evaluate dispersion measures of these data. In total, we found 259 MePs with a predominance of transparent packaging foils made of polyethylene and coloured fibres of polypropylene. Average particle metrics were a projection area of 47 (3–400) mm2, a Feret diameter of 18.5 (5.4–130) mm and a mass of 1.89 (0.11–221) mg. Caution is advised when measuring the particle mass due to still strongly adhering soil material, especially for fibre bundles with 0.544 mg soil mg−1 particle. We recommend using a 0.1 mol L−1 tetrasodium pyrophosphate solution to purify MePs by removing attached soil before weighing for further environmental risk assessment. The MePs count with a median value of 0.50 (0–3.2) particles kg−1 and median mass of 2.26 (0–221) mg kg−1 featured the highest coefficient of variation (CV) with 103% and 187%, respectively. This is 10–20 times larger in comparison to the CV of SOC (9.2%) and even 50–93 times larger than CV of soil pH (2.2%). This leads to the need of larger sample numbers to delineate plastic metrics in comparison with soil properties to identify a reliable mean value of the field within a predefined allowable error. Mesoplastics in the soil were characterized by a pure nugget effect variogram (no spatial correlation), revealed no intrafield variability and the sample volume yielded inconclusive results. Sampling for plastics in soil should either (i) drastically increase the sample number for a single field or (ii) communicate transparently that the allowable error is by far enhanced in comparison with classical soil properties like pH and SOC. More systematic studies featuring geo‐spatial analysis of MePs and smaller‐sized plastics in soils are required to propose adequate sampling designs across multiple land uses and plastics fingerprints. A larger database would, thereupon, pave the way for best‐practice guides on how to treat ‘outliers’ and search for robust estimators for spatial mapping of plastics in soils. KW - Large microplastics KW - Microplastics PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-617772 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70016 VL - 75 IS - 6 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-61777 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Donskyi, Ievgen A1 - Nie, C. A1 - Ludwig, K. A1 - Trimpert, J. A1 - Ahmed, R. A1 - Quaas, E. A1 - Achazi, K. A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Adeli, M. A1 - Haag, R. A1 - Osterrieder, K. T1 - Graphene Sheets with Defined Dual Functionalities for the Strong SARS-CoV-2 Interactions N2 - Search of new strategies for the inhibition of respiratory viruses is one of the urgent health challenges worldwide, as most of the current therapeutic agents and treatments are inefficient. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) has caused a pandemic and has taken lives of approximately two Million people to date. Even though various vaccines are currently under development, virus, and especially its spike glycoprotein can mutate, which highlights a Need for a broad-spectrum inhibitor. In this work, inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by graphene platforms with precise dual sulfate/alkyl functionalities is investigated. A series of graphene derivatives with different lengths of aliphatic chains is synthesized and is investigated for their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and feline coronavirus. Graphene derivatives with long alkyl chains (>C9) inhibit coronavirus replication by virtue of disrupting viral envelope. The ability of these graphene platforms to rupture viruses is visualized by atomic force microscopy and cryogenic electron microscopy. A large concentration window (10 to 100-fold) where graphene platforms display strongly antiviral activity against native SARS-CoV-2 without significant toxicity against human cells is found. In this concentration range, the synthesized graphene platforms inhibit the infection of enveloped viruses efficiently, opening new therapeutic and metaphylactic avenues against SARS-CoV-2. KW - Graphene KW - Graphene-based polyglycerol sulfates KW - SARS-CoV2 inhibitor KW - Virucidality PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-520858 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202007091 VL - 17 IS - 11 SP - 7091 PB - Wiley VCH AN - OPUS4-52085 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Donskyi, Ievgen A1 - Chen, Y. A1 - Nickl, Philip A1 - Guday, G. A1 - Qiao, H. A1 - Achasi, K. A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Böttcher, C. A1 - Chen, W. A1 - Adeli, M. A1 - Haag, R. T1 - Self-degrading graphene sheets for tumor therapy N2 - Low biodegradability of graphene derivatives and related health risks are the main limiting factors for their in vivo biomedical applications. Here, we present the synthesis of enzyme-functionalized graphene sheets with self-degrading properties under physiological conditions and their applications in Tumor therapy. The synergistic enzyme cascade glucose oxidase and myeloperoxidase are covalently conjugated to the surface of graphene sheets and two-dimensional (2D) platforms are obtained that can produce sodium hypochlorite from glucose. The enzyme-functionalized graphene sheets with up to 289 nm average size are degraded into small pieces (≤40 nm) by incubation under physiological conditions for 24 h. Biodegradable graphene sheets are further loaded with doxorubicin and their ability for Tumor therapy is evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The laser-triggered release of doxorubicin in combination with the enzymatic activity of the functionalized graphene sheets results in a synergistic antitumor activity. Taking advantage of their neutrophil-like activity, fast biodegradability, high photo- and chemotherapeutic effects, the novel two-dimensional nanoplatforms can be used for tumor therapeutic applications. KW - Graphene KW - Self-degrading KW - Thumor therapy KW - XPS KW - NEXAFS PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0nr02159h SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - The Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-50978 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dolai, Malay A1 - Saha, Urmila A1 - Goswami, Juli Nanda A1 - Bhattacharya, Biswajit A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Ifseisi, Ahmad A. A1 - Biswas, Surajit ED - Bhattacharya, Biswajit T1 - Nickel(II)-mediated in situ complex formation with unexpected ligand transformations: crystal structures, DFT calculations, and catalytic activity in CO2 fixation reactions N2 - Two transformed ligands, namely 1,3,5-triazapentadienato(imidoylamidinato) and N-(methoxy(pyrimidin-2-yl)(pyrimidine-2-carboxamido)methyl)pyrimidine-2-carboxamide, are reported here as the first products derived from 2-cyano pyridine/pyrimidine, respectively, under nickel metal mediation in the presence of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in situ. Two different nickel-coordinated complexes (1 and 2) were formed. Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that complex 1 is a mononuclear complex with tetra-coordinated square planar geometry, whereas complex 2 is a dinuclear complex with hexa-coordinated distorted octahedral geometry. The synthetic pathways of both transformed ligands are explained with the support of energy calculations of different states via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The catalytic addition reactions of epoxides and carbon dioxide efficiently produce organic cyclic carbonates in the presence of complexes 1–2, attributed to the presence of Lewis acidic nickel and Lewis basic centers, such as free amine, imine, methoxy, or nitrogen in complexes 1 and 2. Under mild reaction conditions (1 atm CO2 pressure and 60 °C temperature), different types of epoxides (exocyclic, endocyclic, and aromatic epoxides) yield high levels of respective cyclic carbonates in the presence of both complexes 1–2 as catalysts, with tert-butylammonium bromide (TBAB) acting as a co-catalyst. The high turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) of these catalytic reactions clearly indicate the efficacy of the two catalysts. KW - Catalytic activity in CO2 fixation reactions DFT calculations KW - Nickel(II)-complex KW - In situ complex formation KW - Crystal Structure PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nj01801j SN - 1369-9261 VL - 49 IS - 11 SP - 4451 EP - 4463 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) AN - OPUS4-62782 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dobosy, Péter A1 - Nguyen, Hoang Thi Phuong A1 - Záray, Gyula A1 - Streli, Christina A1 - Ingerle, Dieter A1 - Ziegler, Philipp A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Endrédi, Anett A1 - Fodor, Ferenc T1 - Effect of iodine species on biofortification of iodine in cabbage plants cultivated in hydroponic cultures N2 - Iodine is an essential trace element in the human diet because it is involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency affects over 2.2 billion people worldwide, making it a significant challenge to find plant-based sources of iodine that meet the recommended daily intake of this trace element. In this study, cabbage plants were cultivated in a hydroponic system containing iodine at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 mg/L in the form of potassium iodide or potassium iodate. During the experiments, plant physiological parameters, biomass production, and concentration changes of iodine and selected microelements in different plant parts were investigated. In addition, the oxidation state of the accumulated iodine in root samples was determined. Results showed that iodine addition had no effect on photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll content. Iodide treatment did not considerably stimulate biomass production but iodate treatment increased it at concentrations less than 0.5 mg/L. Increasing iodine concentrations in the nutrient solutions increased iodine content in all plant parts; however, the iodide treatment was 2–7 times more efficient than the iodate treatment. It was concluded, that iodide addition was more favourable on the target element accumulation, however, it should be highlighted that application of this chemical form in nutrient solution decreased the concetrations of selected micoelement concentration comparing with the control plants. It was established that iodate was reduced to iodide during its uptake in cabbage roots, which means that independently from the oxidation number of iodine (+ 5, − 1) applied in the nutrient solutions, the reduced form of target element was transported to the aerial and edible tissues. KW - BAMline KW - XANES KW - Synchrotron KW - Lodine PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608330 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66575-z VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-60833 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dittrich, Maria A1 - Paulo, Carlos A1 - Knabe, Nicole A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Zaitsev, Vladimir A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Microscopic Raman study of fungal pigment using the genetically amenable rock inhabitant Knufia petricola as a model organism N2 - Fungal pigments such as melanin and carotenoids are distinctive markers of animal and plant pathogenic fungi as well as their environmental relatives. These complex pigments play important roles in pathogenicity and stress tolerance while also being useful as biomarkers. Accordingly, it is important to be able to identify in situ the pigments in black fungi, a group of clinical and environmental importance. In this study, wild-type and genetically modified strains of Knufia petricola A95 and wild fungal cells attached to ancient rock were investigated for their spectroscopic and microscopic Raman features and morphological appearance. Knockout mutants of melanin synthesis genes pks1 (polyketide synthase), sdh1 (scytalone dehydratase), and both pks1 and the carotenoid synthesis gene phd1 (phytoene desaturase) were studied We applied two different Raman microscopes using two lasers, with 633 nm and 488 nm wavelengths. We analyzed and compared Raman spectra between the measured reference substances and the mutant and wild-type strains. In the wild strain WT:A95, the peaks close to melanin peals were found at 1353 cm−1 and 1611 cm−1. There are no characteristic melanin peaks at 1580–1600 cm−1 and around 1350 cm−1 at the spectrum of the Δpks1/Δphd1 mutant and the Δsdh1 mutant. The Δpks1 mutant spectrum has the peaks at the beta-carotene v2 C-C in-plane stretch at 1155 cm−1 and v3 C-CH3 deformation at 1005 cm−1. The peaks of carotenoids and melanin were found in all mutants and the wild strain, except the Δpks1/Δphd1 mutant. Raman spectra allow for discrimination between the various pigments. Hence, interactions between natural fungal melanin, as well as other protective pigments, and complex environmental matrices can be characterized on a range of spatial and temporal scales. KW - Raman Spectroscopy KW - Instrumentation KW - Analytical Chemistry KW - Knufia petricola KW - Confocal microscopy KW - Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2023.123250 SN - 1386-1425 VL - 303 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier BV AN - OPUS4-58792 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dittmar, Stefan A1 - Weyrauch, Steffen A1 - Reemtsma, Thorsten A1 - Eisentraut, Paul A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Ruhl, Aki S. A1 - Jekel, Martin T1 - Settling Velocities of Tire and Road Wear Particles: Analyzing Finely Graded Density Fractions of Samples from a Road Simulator and a Highway Tunnel N2 - The terminal settling velocity is considered the most critical parameter determining the transport of tire and road wear particles (TRWP) in aquatic environments. Nonetheless, no respective empirical data has been reported so far. In this study, particle samples from a road simulator and a highway tunnel were investigated with a validated imaging method. Different density and size fractions of both samples were measured separately, acquiring sizes and settling velocities of more than 30,000 individual particles. In addition, tire marker polymers were analyzed for each fraction via thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Finally, the acquired particle data was combined according to the fractions’ estimated tire contents in order to deduce detailed probability distributions of particle size and settling velocity for the actual TRWP from both samples. Weighted by TRWP-incorporated tire mass, median diameters of 54 and 44 μm as well as median settling velocities of 0.65 and 0.22 mm/s were found for TRWP from the road simulator and highway tunnel, respectively. This study thus provides the first ever empirical data on TRWP settling velocities in water, which can be highly valuable input for modeling the environmental transport of TRWP and for dimensioning TRWP retention systems. KW - Microplastics KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Sinking velocities KW - Transport PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-635449 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c04165 SN - 0013-936X VL - 59 IS - 26 SP - 13434 EP - 13446 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-63544 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dittmar, Stefan A1 - Ruhl, Aki S. A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Jekel, Martin T1 - Settling Velocities of Small Microplastic Fragments and Fibers N2 - There is only sparse empirical data on the settling velocity of small, non-buoyant microplastics thus far, although it is an important parameter governing their vertical transport within aquatic environments. This study reports the settling velocities of 4031 exemplary microplastic particles. Focusing on the environmentally most prevalent particle shapes, irregular microplastic fragments of four different polymer types (9–289 µm) as well as five discrete length fractions (50–600 µm) of common nylon and polyester fibers were investigated, respectively. All settling experiments were carried out in quiescent water using a specialized optical imaging setup. The method has been previously validated in order to minimize disruptive factors, e.g. thermal convection or particle interactions, and thus enable the precise measurements of the velocities of individual microplastic particles (0.003–9.094 mm/s). Based on the obtained data, ten existing models for predicting a particle’s terminal settling velocity were assessed. It is concluded that models, which were specifically deduced from empirical data on larger microplastics, fail to provide accurate predictions for small microplastics. Instead, a different approach is highlighted as a viable option for computing settling velocities across the microplastics continuum in terms of size, density and shape. KW - Microplastics KW - Microplastic fibers KW - Settling velocity KW - Sinking velocity KW - Sedimentation PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-597455 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c09602 SN - 0013-936X VL - 58 IS - 14 SP - 6359 EP - 6369 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-59745 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dittmann, Daniel A1 - Saal, L. A1 - Zietzschmann, F. A1 - Mai, M. A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Al-Sabbagh, Dominik A1 - Ruhl, A. S. A1 - Jekel, M. A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Aktivkohlecharakterisierung als weiterer Schlüssel für Adsorptionsprognosen organischer Spurenstoffe in der vierten Reinigungsstufe N2 - In diesem Beitrag wird der Einfluss des Aktivkohleprodukts auf die Adsorption von Spurenstoffen aus Kläranlagenablauf gezeigt und diskutiert. Im zweiten Teil wird das Material Aktivkohle analytisch charakterisiert und die Eigenschaften systematisiert. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden mit Bezug zu Praxislösungen zusammengefasst. T2 - Wasser 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 10.05.2021 KW - Aktivkohle KW - Thermogravimetrie KW - Zersetzungsgasanalyse KW - Proximatanalyse PY - 2021 SP - 373 EP - 378 AN - OPUS4-52740 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dittmann, Daniel A1 - Lucke, T. A1 - Ruhl, A. S. A1 - Winzenbacher, R. A1 - Jekel, M. A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Untersuchungen zu biologischen, organischen und anorganischen Veränderungen granulierter Aktivkohlen während der Trinkwasseraufbereitung N2 - Untersuchungen zu biologischen, organischen und anorganischen Veränderungen granulierter Aktivkohlen während der Trinkwasseraufbereitung des Landeswasserversorgers Langenau. KW - Thermogravimetrie KW - Trinkwasser KW - Wasseraufbereitung KW - Aktivkohle PY - 2020 SN - 0083-6915 VL - 118 IS - 2 SP - 47 EP - 50 PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA AN - OPUS4-51434 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dittmann, Daniel A1 - Eisentraut, Paul A1 - Goedecke, Caroline A1 - Wiesner, Yosri A1 - Jekel, M A1 - Ruhl, A S A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Specific adsorption sites and conditions derived by thermal decomposition of activated carbons and adsorbed carbamazepine N2 - The adsorption of organic micropollutants onto activated carbon is a favourable solution for the treatment of drinking water and wastewater. However, these adsorption processes are not sufficiently understood to allow for the appropriate prediction of removal processes. In this study, thermogravimetric analysis, alongside evolved gas analysis, is proposed for the characterisation of micropollutants adsorbed on activated carbon. Varying amounts of carbamazepine were adsorbed onto three different activated carbons, which were subsequently dried, and their thermal decomposition mechanisms examined. The discovery of 55 different pyrolysis products allowed differentiations to be made between specific adsorption sites and conditions. However, the same adsorption mechanisms were found for all samples, which were enhanced by inorganic constituents and oxygen containing surface groups. Furthermore, increasing the loadings led to the evolution of more hydrated decomposition products, whilst parts of the carbamazepine molecules were also integrated into the carbon structure. It was also found that the chemical composition, especially the degree of dehydration of the activated carbon, plays an important role in the adsorption of carbamazepine. Hence, it is thought that the adsorption sites may have a higher adsorption energy for specific adsorbates, when the activated carbon can then potentially increase its degree of graphitisation. KW - Aktivkohle KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Adsorption KW - Thermoanalytik PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-506946 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63481-y VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 6695 PB - Nature Publishing Group AN - OPUS4-50694 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dittmann, Daniel T1 - Aktivkohlecharakterisierung von GAK-Filtern bei unterschiedlichen Laufzeiten N2 - Eine umfangreich ausgestaltete Trinkwasseraufbereitung als Multibarrieren-System ist notwendig, wenn das Rohwasser direkt aus Fließgewässern entnommen wird (z. B. für das Mülheimer Verfahren). Eine der Barrieren wird, als gezielte Behandlungs- oder Sicherheitsstufe, oft als Filter mit granulierter Aktivkohle (GAK-Filter) realisiert. Ihre Standzeit kann bei geringer Wasserbelastung (DOC < 2 mg/L), z. B. bei der Landeswasserversorgung Langenau, bis zu 5 Jahre betragen. Bei Rohwasser mit höherem Organikgehalt (DOC > 7 mg/L), wie bei der Nordwasser in Rostock, wird hingegen mindestens alle drei Jahre die GAK in den Filterkolonnen ausgetauscht. Die Rest-Adsorptionskapazität der GAK kann durch verschiedene Verfahren abgeschätzt werden, ist aber nach wie vor Gegenstand aktueller Forschung. Die weitergehende Charakterisierung der beladenen GAK kann hierbei helfen. Auf dem Poster sollen erste Ergebnisse zu den in Langenau und Rostock eingesetzten Aktivkohlen präsentiert werden. Hierzu wurden die frischen und nach unterschiedlichen Laufzeiten beladenen GAK untersucht. Die Zusammensetzung der Anorganik und der adsorbierten Organik, welche mittels Zersetzungs¬gasanalyse charakterisiert wurde, zeigt deutliche Unterschiede. Bspw. nimmt der Calcium-Gehalt der GAK in Langenau kontinuierlich zu, wohingegen dieser in den Proben aus Rostock mit zunehmender Laufzeit zurückgeht. Umgekehrt verhält es sich mit der Organik: Die GAK aus Rostock zeigen Hinweise auf biologische Besiedelung, während diese in Langenau trotz längerer Filterlaufzeit auszubleiben scheint. T2 - 4. Mülheimer Wasseranalytisches Seminar (MWAS2020) CY - Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany DA - 16.09.2020 KW - Thermogravimetrie KW - Trinkwasser KW - Wasseraufbereitung KW - Aktivkohle PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51433 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dittmann, Daniel T1 - Experimental raw data for "Specific adsorption sites and conditions derived by thermal decomposition of activated carbons and adsorbed carbamazepine" N2 - This is the repository of all experimental raw data used in the Scientific Reports publication "Specific adsorption sites and conditions derived by thermal decomposition of activated carbons and adsorbed carbamazepine" by Daniel Dittmann, Paul Eisentraut, Caroline Goedecke, Yosri Wiesner, Martin Jekel, Aki Sebastian Ruhl, and Ulrike Braun. It includes - overview_measurements.xlsx and overview_measurements.ods containing a list of all TGA experiments (TGA, TGA-FTIR, TED-GC-MS, and ramp-kinetics) - TED-GC-MS.zip containing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry experimtent files for the Chemstation and OpenChrom - TGA.zip containing thermogravimetric analyses raw data on evolved gas analyses experiments (TGA-FTIR and TED-GC-MS) - TGA_kinetics.zip containing thermogravimetric analyses raw data on decomposition kinetic experiments (ramp-kinetics) - TGA-FTIR.zip containing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy series files for OMNIC - XRF.zip containing x-ray flourescence data on elemental composition KW - Adsorption KW - Aktivkohle KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Thermoanalytik PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3716316 PB - Zenodo CY - Geneva AN - OPUS4-51902 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dittmann, Daniel T1 - Aktivkohle-Charakterisierung als weiterer Schlüssel für das Verständnis der Spurenstoffadsorption in der 4. Reinigungsstufe N2 - Aktivkohle ≠ Aktivkohle, Adäquate Materialcharakterisierung - Voraussetzung für Adsorptionsprognosen und Wasserspezifische Auswahl von Aktivkohleprodukten. Ausblick: Publikationen zu Aktivkohlecharakterisierung und Adsorptionsprognose in Vorbereitung T2 - Wasser 2021 - Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft CY - Online meeting DA - 10.05.2021 KW - Aktivkohle KW - Thermogravimetrie KW - Zersetzungsgasanalyse KW - Proximatanalyse PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52742 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dittmann, D. A1 - Saal, L. A1 - Zietschmann, F. A1 - Mai, M. A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Al-Sabbagh, Dominik A1 - Schuhmann, P. A1 - Ruhl, A. A1 - Jekel, M. A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Characterization of activated carbons for water treatment using TGA‑FTIR for analysis of oxygen‑containing functional groups N2 - Water treatment with activated carbon (AC) is an established method for the removal of organic micropollutants and natu ral organic matter. However, it is not yet possible to predict the removal of individual pollutants. An appropriate material characterization, matching adsorption processes in water, might be the missing piece in the puzzle. To this end, this study examined 25 diferent commercially available ACs to evaluate their material properties. Frequently reported analyses, including N2 adsorption/desorption, CHNS(O), point of zero charge (PZC) analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, were conducted on a selected subset of powdered ACs. Inorganic elements examined using X-ray fuorescence and X-ray difraction spectroscopy revealed that relative elemental contents were distinctive to the individual AC’s raw material and activation procedure. This study also is the frst to use thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to conduct quantitative analyses of functional surface oxygen groups (SOGs: carboxylic acid, anhydride, lactone, phenol, carbonyl, and pyrone groups) on such a large number of ACs. The comparably economical TGA method was found to provide good surrogates for the PZC by pyrolytic mass loss up to 600 ◦C (ML600), for the oxygen content by ML1000 and for the carbon content by oxidation. Mass loss profles depict the AC’s chemistry like fngerprints. Furthermore, we found that SOG contents determined by TGA-FTIR covered a wide individual range and depended on the raw material and production process of the AC. TGA and TGA-FTIR might therefore be used to identify the suitability of a particular AC for a variety of target substances in diferent target waters. This can help practitioners to control AC use in waterworks or wastewater treatment plants. KW - Adsorbtion KW - Organic contaminants KW - Temperature-programmed desorption KW - Proximate analysis KW - Principal component analysis PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-555506 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-022-01723-2 SN - 2190-5495 VL - 12 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-55550 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dinter, Adelina-Elisa T1 - Development of a single cell-ICP-ToF-MS-method for multielement analysis of MIC organisms grown on solid steel samples N2 - The latest ICP-MS technology - ICP-ToF (time of flight)-MS – enables the analysis of the multi-element fingerprint of individual cells. The interface between material and environmental analysis thus receives special attention, e.g., when considering corrosion processes. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a highly unpredictable phenomenon due to the influence of the environment, microbial communities involved and the respective electron source. However, the interaction pathway between cells and the metal surface remains unclear. The development of the MIC-specific ICP-ToF-MS analytical method presented here at the single cell level, in combination with the investigation of steel-MIC interactions, contributes significantly to progress in instrumental MIC analysis and will enable clarification of the processes taking place. For this, a MIC-specific staining procedure was developed. It allows the analysis of archaea at a single cell level and provides information about the interaction of the cells with the staining agent which is extremely scarce compared to other well characterized organisms. Additionally, the single cell ICP-ToF-MS is used for the analysis of archaea involved in MIC of steel. Hence, the possible uptake of individual elements from different steel samples is investigated - the information obtained will be used in the future to elucidate underlying mechanisms and develop possible material protection concepts, thus combining modern methods of analytical sciences with materials. T2 - DAAS Doktorandenseminar 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 20.09.2021 KW - Sc-ICP-ToF-MS KW - Single cell analysis KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion KW - Archaea PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53340 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dinter, Adelina-Elisa T1 - Development of a MIC single archaea-ICP-ToF-MS-method for analysis of various elements in solid steel samples N2 - ICP-ToF (Flugzeitanalysator, engl. time of flight)-MS ermöglicht den Multielement Fingerabdruck einzelner Zellen (single cell) zu analysieren. Die single cell-ICP-ToF-MS kommt bei dem vorgestellten Poster bei der Analyse von Archaeen, die an mikrobiell beeinflusster Korrosion (engl. microbiologically influenced corrosion, MIC) von Stahl eine Rolle spielen, zum Einsatz. Mittels sc-ICP-ToF-MS wird die mögliche Aufnahme von einzelnen Elementen aus dem jeweiligen Stahl untersucht – die erhaltenen Informationen fließen zukünftig in die Aufklärung zugrunde liegender Mechanismen sowie Entwicklung möglicher Materialschutzkonzepte ein. Die Arbeiten Verknüpfen moderne Methoden der Analytical Sciences mit Materialien. T2 - Tag der Chemie 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 06.07.2021 KW - SC-ICP-ToF-MS KW - Single cell analysis KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion KW - Archaea PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52941 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dinter, Adelina-Elisa T1 - Examination of biological samples by means of single-cell ICP-ToF-MS N2 - Up to now, different analytical methods for single cell analysis exist focusing on key features such as size, shape, morphology and elemental composition. The combination of the latest ICP-MS techniques - ICP-ToF-MS - together with the latest developments in the field of sample delivery - micro droplet generator (MDG) – will allow a Deep insight into the composition and size of cells. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is an oxidation of metals affected by the presence or activity (or both) of microorganisms e.g. Shewanella Putrefaciens in biofilms on the surface of the corroding material. As this can happen for example in the soil on iron pipes of water pipes, in oil tanks or on steel sheet piling, there is great interest in MIC research, not only from various industrial sectors, but also from the environmental aspect. T2 - SALSA - Make & Measure CY - Online Meeting DA - 15.10.2020 KW - SC-ICP-ToF-MS KW - Single cell analysis KW - MDG ICP-ToF-MS KW - Microdroplet generator PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-52441 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dinter, Adelina-Elisa T1 - Deciphering corrosion processes of MIC organisms - single cell-ICP-ToF-MS analysis of archaea on solid steels N2 - ICP-ToF (time of flight) MS enables the analysis of the multi-element fingerprint of single cells. The single cell ICP-ToF-MS is used in the presented poster for the analysis of archaea involved in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of steel. By means of sc-ICP-ToF-MS, the possible uptake of individual elements from the respective steel is investigated - the information obtained will be used in the future to elucidate underlying mechanisms and develop possible material protection concepts. The work combines modern methods of analytical sciences with materials. T2 - SALSA - Make & Measure 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 16.09.2021 KW - Sc-ICP-ToF-MS KW - Single cell analysis KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion KW - Archaea KW - Poster presentation PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53337 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietrich, P. M. A1 - Kjærvik, Marit A1 - Willneff, E. A. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - In-depth analysis of iodine in artificial biofilm model layers by variable excitation energy XPS and argon gas cluster ion sputtering XPS N2 - Here, we present a study on agarose thin-film samples that represent a model system for the exopolysaccharide matrix of biofilms. Povidone-iodide (PVP-I) was selected as an antibacterial agent to evaluate our x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)-based methodology to trace specific marker elements, here iodine, commonly found in organic matrices of antibiotics. The in-depth distribution of iodine was determined by XPS analyses with variable excitation energies and in combination with argon gas cluster ion beam sputter cycles. On mixed agarose/PVP-I nanometer-thin films, both methods were found to solve the analytical task and deliver independently comparable results. In the mixed agarose/PVP-I thin film, we found the outermost surface layer depleted in iodine, whereas the iodine is homogeneously distributed in the depth region between this outermost surface layer and the interface between the thin film and the substrate. Depletion of iodine from the uppermost surface in the thin-film samples is assumed to be caused by ultrahigh vacuum exposure resulting in a loss of molecular iodine (I2) as reported earlier for other iodine-doped polymers. KW - Biofilm KW - XPS KW - Argon gas cluster ion sputtering KW - Variable excitation KW - Iodine PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0001812 SN - 1934-8630 VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - AVS AN - OPUS4-54973 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diehn, S. A1 - Zimmermann, B. A1 - Tafintseva, V. A1 - Seifert, S. A1 - Bagcioglu, M. A1 - Ohlson, M. A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Fjellheim, S. A1 - Kohler, A. A1 - Kneipp, Janina T1 - Combining Chemical Information From Grass Pollen in Multimodal Characterization N2 - The analysis of pollen chemical composition is important to many fields, including agriculture, plant physiology, ecology, allergology, and climate studies. Here, the potential of a combination of different spectroscopic and spectrometric methods regarding the characterization of small biochemical differences between pollen samples was evaluated using multivariate statistical approaches. Pollen samples, collected from three populations of the grass Poa alpina, were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The variation in the sample set can be described in a hierarchical framework comprising three populations of the same grass species and four different growth conditions of the parent plants for each of the populations. Therefore, the data set can work here as a model system to evaluate the classification and characterization ability of the different spectroscopic and spectrometric methods. ANOVA Simultaneous Component Analysis (ASCA) was applied to achieve a separation of different sources of variance in the complex sample set. Since the chosen methods and sample preparations probe different parts and/or molecular constituents of the pollen grains, complementary information about the chemical composition of the pollen can be obtained. By using consensus principal component analysis (CPCA), data from the different methods are linked together. This enables an investigation of the underlying global information, since complementary chemical data are combined. The molecular information from four spectroscopies was combined with phenotypical information gathered from the parent plants, thereby helping to potentially link pollen chemistry to other biotic and abiotic parameters. KW - Pollen KW - MALDI-TOF MS KW - FTIR KW - Raman KW - Multivariate analyses PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-504822 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01788 VL - 10 SP - 1788 AN - OPUS4-50482 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dhamo, Lorena A1 - Wegner, Karl David A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Häusler, I. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Assessing the influence of microwave-assisted synthesis parameters and stabilizing ligands on the optical properties of AIS/ZnS quantum dots N2 - Luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are frequently used in the life and material sciences as reporter for bioimaging studies and as active components in devices such as displays, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and sensors. Increasing concerns regarding the use of toxic elements like cadmium and lead, and hazardous organic solvents during QD synthesis have meanwhile triggered the search for heavy-metal free QDs using green chemistry syntheses methods. Interesting candidates are ternary AgInS2 (AIS) QDs that exhibit broad photoluminescence (PL) bands, large effective Stokes shifts, high PL quantum yields (PL QYs), and long PL lifetimes, which are particularly beneficial for applications such as bioimaging, white light-emitting diodes, and solar concentrators. In addition, these nanomaterials can be prepared in high quality with a microwave-assisted (MW) synthesis in aqueous solution. The homogeneous heat diffusion and instant temperature rise of the MW synthesis enables a better control of QD nucleation and growth and thus increases the batch-to-batch reproducibility. In this study, we systematically explored the MW synthesis of AIS/ZnS QDs by varying parameters such as the order of reagent addition, precursor concentration, and type of stabilizing thiol ligand, and assessed their influence on the optical properties of the resulting AIS/ZnS QDs. Under optimized synthesis conditions, water-soluble AIS/ZnS QDs with a PL QY of 65% and excellent colloidal and long-term stability could be reproducible prepared. KW - Quantum dots KW - Microwave-assisted synthesis KW - AgInS KW - Aqueous synthesis PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567091 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25498-3 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London AN - OPUS4-56709 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dhamo, Lorena A1 - Carulli, F. A1 - Nickl, Philip A1 - Wegner, Karl David A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Brovelli, S. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Efficient luminescent solar concentrators based on environmentally friendly Cd-free ternary AIS/ZnS quantum dots N2 - Luminescent solar concentrators (LSC) allow to obtain renewable energy from building integrated photovoltaic systems. As promising efficient and long-term stable LSC fluorophores semiconductor nanocrystals like Quantum dots (QDs) with size and composition tunable optoelectronic properties have recently emerged. The most popular II/VI or IV/VI semiconductor QDs contain, however, potentially hazardous cadmium or lead ions, which is a bottleneck for commercial applications. A simple aqueous based, microwaveassisted synthesis for environmentally friendly and highly emissive AgInS2/ ZnS QDs is developed using 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and glutathione (GSH) and their incorporation into polylaurylmethacrylate (PLMA) polymer slabs integrable in LSC devices (10.4 × 10.4 × 0.2 cm3, G = 12.98). With this simple approach, optical power efficiencies (OPE) of 3.8% and 3.6% and optical quantum efficiencies (OQE) of 24.1% and 27.4% are obtained, which are among the highest values yet reported. KW - Solar energy KW - Solar concentrator KW - Quantum dots KW - Advanced material KW - Quantum yield PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-529735 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202100587 SN - 2195-1071 SN - 0935-9648 VL - 9 IS - 17 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-52973 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Devi, Sarita A1 - Riedel, Soraya A1 - Döring, Sarah A1 - Hiller, Lukas A1 - Kaliyaraj Selva Kumar, Archana A1 - Flemig, Sabine A1 - Singh, Chandan A1 - Konthur, Zoltán A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Antibodies Functionalized Magnetic Fe-Metal-Organic Framework Based Biosensor for Electrochemical Detection of Tetanus Neurotoxin N2 - This work presents a metal-organic framework (MOF)-integrated microfluidic flow-cell (MFC) based immunodetection of the tetanus toxoid (TT) using electrochemical technique for the first time. The magnetic property of Fe-MOF helped to hold them on the working electrode at detection zone of MFC surpassing the requirement of additional conjugation chemistry, whereas the conductive property was utilized to observe the change in signal efficiency in the presence of TT. The one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of a magnetic and conductive iron-based MOF (Fe-MOF) was performed using the Fe3 +/Fe2+ precursors as 1.2/1 mmol and dual ligands, i.e., tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone and 2-aminobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid. The Fe-MOF was conjugated with L-phenylalanine (Fe-MOF/Phe) to increase its electric conductivity owing to the enhanced electron flow rate. The human monoclonal antibody SA13 against TT (anti-TT mAb) was conjugated on the Fe-MOF/Phe surface with the help of ethylenediamine (Fe-MOF/Phe/EDA/anti-TT mAb). The binding affinity of Fe-MOF/Phe/EDA/anti-TT mAb for the TT antigen was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry technique. The limit of detection of the Fe-MOF/Phe/EDA/anti-TT mAb-based biosensor for TT was 9.4 ng/ml in spiked buffer. This study shows the applicability of these Fe-MOFs in the detection of various other microbial toxins or other biomolecules. KW - Antikörper KW - Elektrochemischer Immunoassay KW - Molecular Organic Framework (MOF) KW - Microfluidics KW - Rekombinant PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137381 SN - 0925-4005 VL - 431 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-62673 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - INPR A1 - Devi, Sarita A1 - Riedel, Soraya A1 - Döring, Sarah A1 - Hiller, Lukas A1 - Flemig, Sabine A1 - Singh, Chandan A1 - Konthur, Zoltán A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Antibodies Functionalized Magnetic Fe-Metal-Organic Framework Based Biosensor for Electrochemical Detection of Tetanus NeuroToxin N2 - This work presents a MOF-integrated microfluidic flow-cell based immunodetection of the tetanus toxoid (TT) using electrochemical technique for the first time. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are coordination polymers, and composed of a metal center and organic linkers. Several synthesis methods have been reported to achieve the desired properties in MOFs. In this work, we report the hydrothermal synthesis of a magnetic and conductive iron-based MOF (Fe-MOF) which was utilized to develop a biosensor in conjugation with the human monoclonal antibody SA13 against TT (anti-TT mAb) for the detection of the tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT). The one-pot synthesis of this magnetic and conductive Fe-MOF was performed in a hydrothermal reactor (108℃) using the Fe3+/Fe2+ precursors as 1.2/1 mmol and dual ligands, i.e., tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone and 2-aminobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid. The Fe-MOF was characterized using XRD, DLS, FTIR, and electron microscopy. The Fe-MOF was further conjugated with L-phenylalanine (pH 8.6) to increase the electric conductivity of the Fe-MOF (Fe-MOF/Phe) on the screen-printed gold electrode as studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The anti-TT mAb was conjugated on the Fe-MOF/Phe surface with the help of ethylenediamine (Fe-MOF/Phe/EDA/anti-TT mAb) delivered good binding affinity for the TT antigen revealing the applicability of this biosensor for TT detection by CV. The limit of detection of the Fe-MOF/Phe/EDA/anti-TT mAb-based biosensor for TT was 9.4 ng/ml in spiked buffer. There is negligible cross-reactivity in the presence of bovine serum albumin. This study shows the applicability of magnetic MOFs in the detection of various other microbial toxins or other biomolecules. KW - Magnetic Metal-Organic Framework KW - Tetanus toxoid KW - L-phenylalanine KW - Antibody KW - Label-free detection KW - Electrochemical immunosensor PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4935745 SP - 1 EP - 48 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-62196 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Deumer, J. A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Marguet, S. A1 - Skroblin, D. A1 - Taché, O. A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Gollwitzer, C. T1 - Small-angle X-ray scattering: characterization of cubic Au nanoparticles using Debye’s scattering formula N2 - A versatile software package in the form of a Python extension, named CDEF (computing Debye’s scattering formula for extraordinary form factors), is proposed to calculate approximate scattering profiles of arbitrarily shaped nanoparticles for small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). CDEF generates a quasi-randomly distributed point cloud in the desired particle shape and then applies the open-source software DEBYER for efficient evaluation of Debye’s scattering formula to calculate the SAXS pattern (https://github.com/j-from-b/CDEF). If self-correlation of the scattering signal is not omitted, the quasi-random distribution provides faster convergence compared with a true-random distribution of the scatterers, especially at higher momentum transfer. The usage of the software is demonstrated for the evaluation of scattering data of Au nanocubes with rounded edges, which were measured at the four-crystal monochromator beamline of PTB at the synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II in Berlin. The implementation is fast enough to run on a single desktop computer and perform model fits within minutes. The accuracy of the method was analyzed by comparison with analytically known form factors and verified with another implementation, the SPONGE, based on a similar principle with fewer approximations. Additionally, the SPONGE coupled to McSAS3 allows one to retrieve information on the uncertainty of the size distribution using a Monte Carlo uncertainty estimation algorithm. KW - X-ray scattering KW - SAXS KW - Non-spherical nanoparticles KW - Nanoparticles KW - Nanomaterials KW - Debye scattering equation KW - Simulation KW - Data fitting PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-557652 DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S160057672200499X VL - 55 IS - Pt 4 SP - 993 EP - 1001 PB - International Union of Crystallography CY - Chester, England AN - OPUS4-55765 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - del Rocío Silva-Calpa, Leydi A1 - de Souza Bernardes, Andrelaine A1 - de Avillez, Roberto Ribeiro A1 - Smales, Glen J. A1 - Camarena, Mariella Alzamora A1 - Ramos Moreira, Carla A1 - Zaitsev, Volodymyr A1 - Archanjo, Braulio Soares A1 - Letichevsky, Sonia T1 - From support to shell: An innovative design of air-stable nano zero-valent iron–nickel catalysts via structural self-assembly N2 - This work presents the design of air-stable core–shell zero-valent iron–nickel nanofilaments supported on silica and zeolite, developed to overcome the oxidation limitations of nano zero-valent iron in environmental catalysis. The nanofilaments feature ∼ 100 nm iron–nickel cores surrounded by ultrafine iron-rich threads embedded with aluminates and silicates, originating from partial support dissolution during synthesis. By varying the iron reduction time, three catalysts were prepared: one on silica reduced for 30 min, and two on zeolite reduced for 30 and 15 min. They were thoroughly characterized using nitrogen physisorption, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy with elemental analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering. The zeolite-supported catalyst reduced for 15 min showed the highest activity for hexavalent chromium reduction (rate constant 8.054 min−1), attributed to a higher fraction of reactive iron–nickel phases formed under shorter reduction. Its tailored core–shell structure improves air stability and surface reactivity, highlighting its potential as a next-generation zero-valent iron nanocatalyst for aqueous remediation KW - nanofilaments KW - Core–shell nanostructures KW - Air-stable nanomaterials KW - Structure-controlled FeNi nanoparticles KW - Hexavalent chromium reduction KW - X-ray scattering KW - MOUSE PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2025.114142 SN - 2352-4928 VL - 49 SP - 1 EP - 15677 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-65087 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - del Giorgio, Elena T1 - Visible and NIR emissive lanthanide(III) surfaces for new luminescent materials N2 - Luminescent lanthanides(III) offer exceptional optical properties that can overcome issues often encountered with other fluorophores (e.g. organic dyes). Their long lifetimes up to milliseconds, low photobleaching and sharp and characteristic emission peaks make the lanthanides extremely valuable for the development of advanced luminescent materials. Previous work on Ru(II) and Ir(III) gold surfaces further highlights the potential of employing the luminescence of metal complexes for the fabrication of sensing platforms and devices. Here, we incorporate visible and NIR-emitting lanthanide(III) complexes Ln2L3 (Ln = Eu(III), Nd(III), Yb(III)) to gold and plasmonic surfaces, translating the unique optical properties of the lanthanides(III) to practical devices. The Ln2L3 complexes are deposited on the surfaces with different methods, ranging from polymer aided physisorption to the covalent attachment on the gold surface. Furthermore, we exploit the high sensitivity to the coordination environment of lanthanides(III) to design and prepare a sensing platform. T2 - 17th Conference on Methods and Applications in Fluorescence (MAF 2022) CY - Göteborg, Sweden DA - 11.09.2022 KW - Luminescent materials KW - Lanthanide(III) KW - Surface morphology KW - AFM KW - SEM/EDS PY - 2022 UR - https://maf2022.com/ AN - OPUS4-56126 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Olivera, Paulo A1 - Michalchuk, Adam A1 - Marquardt, Julien A1 - Feiler, Torvid A1 - Prinz, Carsten A1 - Torresi, R. A1 - Camargo, P. A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Investigating the role of reducing agents on mechanosynthesis of Au nanoparticles N2 - Control over the bottom up synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NP) depends on many experimental factors, including the choice of stabilising and reducing agents. By selectively manipulating these species, it is possible to control NP characteristics through solution-phase synthesis strategies. It is not known, however, whether NPs produced from mechanochemical syntheses are governed by the same rules. Using the Au NPs mechanosynthesis as a model system, we investigate how a series of common reducing agents affect both the reduction kinetics and size of Au NPs. It is shown that the relative effects of reducing agents on mechanochemical NP synthesis differ significantly from their role in analogous solution-phase reactions. Hence, strategies developed for control over NP growth in solution are not directly transferrable to environmentally benign mechanochemical approaches. This work demonstrates a clear need for dedicated, systematic studies on NP mechanosynthesis. KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Metal nanoparicels PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ce00826e VL - 22 IS - 38 SP - 6261 EP - 6267 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-51757 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Olivera, Paulo A1 - Michalchuk, Adam A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Bienert, Ralf A1 - Torresi, R. A1 - Camargo, P. A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Tandem X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering for in situ time-resolved monitoring of gold nanoparticle mechanosynthesis N2 - Current time-resolved in situ approaches limit the scope of mechanochemical investigations possible. Here we develop a new, general approach to simultaneously follow the evolution of bulk atomic and electronic structure during a mechanochemical synthesis. This is achieved by coupling two complementary synchrotron-based X-ray methods: X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray diffraction. We apply this method to investigate the bottom-up mechanosynthesis of technologically important Au micro and nanoparticles in the presence of three different reducing agents, hydroquinone, sodium citrate, and NaBH4. Moreover, we show how XAS offers new insight into the early stage generation of growth species (e.g. monomers and clusters), which lead to the subsequent formation of nanoparticles. These processes are beyond the detection capabilities of diffraction methods. This combined X-ray approach paves the way to new directions in mechanochemical research of advanced electronic materials. KW - Mechanochemistry KW - XANES KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Nano particles PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cc03862h SN - 1364-548X VL - 56 SP - 10329 EP - 10332 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-51760 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Oliveira, P. F. M. A1 - Torresi, R. A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Carmago, P. T1 - Challenges and opportunities in the bottom-up mechanochemical synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles N2 - Mechanochemistry is a promising alternative to solution-based protocols across the chemical sciences, enabling different types of chemistries in solvent-free and environmentally benign conditions. The use of mechanical energy to promote physical and chemical transformations has reached a high level of refinement, allowing for the design of sophisticated molecules and nanostructured materials. Among them, the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles deserves special attention due to their catalytic applications. In this review, we discuss the recent progress on the development of mechanochemical strategies for the controlled synthesis of noble metal nanostructures. We start by covering the fundamentals of different preparation routes, namely top-down and bottom-up approaches. Next, we focus on the key examples of the mechanochemical synthesis of non-supported and supported metal nanoparticles as well as hybrid nanomaterials containing noble metals. In these examples, in addition to the principles and synthesis mechanisms, their performances in catalysis are discussed. Finally, a perspective of the field is given, where we discuss the opportunities for future work and the challenges of mechanochemical synthesis to produce well-defined noble metal nanoparticles. KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Nanoparticles PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-512080 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA05183G VL - 8 IS - 32 SP - 16114 AN - OPUS4-51208 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Yusenko, Kirill A1 - Stawski, Tomasz A1 - Kulow, Anicó A1 - Cakir, Cafer Tufan A1 - Röder, Bettina A1 - Naese, Christoph A1 - Britzke, Ralf A1 - Sintschuk, Michael A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - BAMline - A real-life sample materials research beamline N2 - With increasing demand and environmental concerns, researchers are exploring new materials that can perform as well or better than traditional materials while reducing environmental impact. The BAMline, a real-life sample materials research beamline, provides unique insights into materials’ electronic and chemical structure at different time and length scales. The beamline specializes in x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and tomography experiments. This enables real-time optimization of material properties and performance for various applications, such as energy transfer, energy storage, catalysis, and corrosion resistance. This paper gives an overview of the analytical methods and sample environments of the BAMline, which cover non-destructive testing experiments in materials science, chemistry, biology, medicine, and cultural heritage. We also present our own synthesis methods, processes, and equipment developed specifically for the BAMline, and we give examples of synthesized materials and their potential applications. Finally, this article discusses the future perspectives of the BAMline and its potential for further advances in sustainable materials research. KW - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure KW - Energy storage KW - Environmental impacts KW - Nondestructive testing techniques KW - X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Corrosion KW - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy KW - X-ray absorption spectroscopy PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0157194 VL - 158 IS - 24 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - AIP Publishing AN - OPUS4-57824 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Emmerling, Franziska ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Exploring new materials for Green Intelligent Building - How can our BAMline help? N2 - In the scope of exploring and characterizing new materials related to Green Intelligent Building (GIB), we will provide an overview of the X-ray spectroscopy and diffraction analytical methods available at the BAMline /1/. and Myspot beamlines. These are two universal beamlines at the Berlin Synchrotron BESSY-II, where BAM has access and supervision role. Overarching electronic and structural properties at different time and length scales, such measurements enable a real-time characterization of materials properties. We will show-case in situ and ex situ deterioration and hydration studies on cement-based constructure materials. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - BAMline KW - Scope of exploring KW - Green intelligent building PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612882 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 30 EP - 36 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61288 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Kulow, Anicó A1 - Kabelitz, Anke A1 - Grunewald, C. A1 - Seidel, R. A1 - Chapartegui-Arias, Ander A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Reinholz, Uwe A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Beyer, S. T1 - Observation of early ZIF-8 crystallization stages with X-ray absorption spectroscopy N2 - The present study investigates early stages of ZIF-8 crystallization up to 5 minutes post mixing of precursor solutions. Dispersive X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (DXAS) provides a refined understanding of the evolution of the coordination environment during ZIF-8 crystallization. Linear Combination Fiting (LCF) suggests tetrakis(1-methylimidazole)zinc2+ to be a suitable and stable mononuclear structure analogue for some early stage ZIF-8 intermediates. Our results pave the way for more detailed studies on physico-chemical aspects of ZIF-8 crystallization to better control tailoring ZIF-8 materials for specific applications. KW - In-situ KW - XANES KW - ZIF-8 KW - Crystallization PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SM01356K SN - 1744-6848 VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 331 EP - 334 PB - Royal Scociety of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-51723 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Cakir, Cafer Tufan A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Haider, M. Bilal A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - F. M. Oliveira, P. A1 - Michalchuk, Adam T1 - Dispersive x-ray absorption spectroscopy for time-resolved in situ monitoring of mechanochemical reactions N2 - X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) provides a unique, atom-specific tool to probe the electronic structure of solids. By surmounting long-held limitations of powder-based XAS using a dynamically averaged powder in a Resonant Acoustic Mixer (RAM), we demonstrate how time-resolved in situ (TRIS) XAS provides unprecedented detail of mechanochemical synthesis. The use of a custom-designed dispersive XAS (DXAS) setup allows us to increase the time resolution over existing fluorescence measurements from ∼15 min to 2 s for a complete absorption spectrum. Hence, we here establish TRIS-XAS as a viable method for studying mechanochemical reactions and sampling reaction kinetics. The generality of our approach is demonstrated through RAM-induced (i) bottom-up Au nanoparticle mechanosynthesis and (ii) the synthesis of a prototypical metal organic framework, ZIF-8. Moreover, we demonstrate that our approach also works with the addition of a stainless steel milling ball, opening the door to using TRIS-DXAS for following conventional ball milling reactions. We expect that our TRIS-DXAS approach will become an essential part of the mechanochemical tool box. KW - In situ studies KW - Dipsersive XAS KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Time-resolved PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567659 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0130673 SN - 1089-7690 VL - 157 IS - 21 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-56765 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana T1 - The versatility of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) for exploring new materials in collaborative research N2 - With increasing demand and environmental concerns, researchers are exploring new materials that can perform as well or better than traditional materials while reducing environmental impact. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) enables unique atom-specific tool to probe the electronic structure of materials. The BAM plays a central role in this highly collaborative research. The BAMline, a real-life sample materials research beamline, at the Berlin Synchrotron BESSY-II, provides unique insights into materials’ electronic and chemical structure at different time and length scales. This enables real-time optimization of material properties and performance for various applications, such as energy storage and conversion, catalysis, and corrosion resistance. This talk provides an overview of the analytical methods and sample environments of the BAMline and addresses its potential for further advances in sustainable materials research. T2 - International symposium of radiation physics (ISRP-16) CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 01.09.2024 KW - XAS KW - Time-resolved studies KW - Operando KW - Corrosion KW - Electrochemistry PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60996 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana T1 - Bridging Structure and Electronic State: Real-time XES–XRD Fusion for Functional Alloys N2 - We present a unified X-ray Emission Spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) approach for real-time, in situ characterization of materials, demonstrated on Co₂FeSi Heusler alloys under varied heat treatments. The combination of XES and XRD is particularly well-suited to Heusler alloys, where subtle changes in atomic ordering and electronic structure (e.g. site occupancy, hybridization, and spin state) are tightly interdependent and critical for their magnetic and transport properties. In addition, this method enables more efficient materials design by reducing experimental iterations through comprehensive structural and electronic analysis. Developed at the mySpot beamline at BESSY-II, the platform integrates (a) digital twin-based experiment planning, (b) open-source XES spectral simulations, (c) an optimized single-shot, two-element XES setup with sub-pixel resolution for enhanced energy precision, and (d) result-driven beamtime utilization. With an unprecedented synchronized XES-XRD platform, we aim to shed light on how diffusion-controlled processes in Heusler alloys and double perovskites at elevated temperatures establish the formation of specific phases with distinct structure types in real time. This, in turn, strongly impacts the functional properties of the materials under scrutiny. T2 - XLIV Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale CY - Ulm, Germany DA - 27.07.2025 KW - Multimodal KW - X-ray spectroscopy KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Functional alloys PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63991 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana T1 - The versatility of XAS@BAM for real-time in situ electrocatalysis in collaborative materials research N2 - With the global push toward sustainable energy technologies, the development of efficient and durable electrocatalysts has become a research priority. Real-time in situ studies are essential to understand the dynamic behavior of catalysts under operational conditions. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) offers a unique, element-specific probe of electronic and structural changes at the active sites of electrocatalysts during electrochemical reactions. At BAM, collaborative research efforts leverage the advanced capabilities of the BAMline at the Berlin Synchrotron BESSY-II to study electrocatalytic materials under realistic working conditions. As a dedicated materials research beamline, the BAMline enables in situ and operando XAS across different time and length scales, making it ideally suited for monitoring catalytic transformations in real time. This presentation highlights the analytical strengths and sample environments developed for electrochemical cells at BAM, showcasing their application to electrocatalysis for energy conversion (e.g., water splitting, CO₂ reduction). Emphasis will be placed on how these insights contribute to the rational design and real-time optimization of functional materials for a sustainable energy future. T2 - MATSUS Konferenz CY - Valencia, Spanien DA - 20.10.2025 KW - Operando KW - XAS KW - In situ KW - Electrocatalysis PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64493 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana T1 - The versatility of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) for exploring new materials in collaborative research N2 - From Physics Engineer at FCUL in Lisbon to senior scientist at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) in Berlin, Germany. In this seminar, a personal journey using X-rays as a tool to probe different types of materials will be given. Examples of applications relevant to our society demonstrate how versatile and useful X-rays are T2 - Forschungsseminar an der FCUL (Univesity of Lisbon) CY - Online meeting DA - 25.10.2024 KW - XAS KW - Time-resolved studies KW - Operando KW - Corrosion KW - Electrochemistry PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61597 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana T1 - Time resolved in situ monitoring of mechanochemical transformations by X-ray spectroscopy (XAS) N2 - Mechanochemical reactions promise a new direction for environmentally benign preparation of materials, and has been dubbed by IUPAC as one of the 10 chemical innovations that will change our world. Despite this significant promise, very little is known about the mechanisms that drive mechanochemical transformations, posing significant barriers to realizing their full potential. To this end, there is growing need to follow mechanochemical reactions in situ and in real time. We here describe advances in the development and application of XAS methods to monitor material synthesis in real time under mechanochemical conditions. We demonstrate the generality of our approaches by describing mechanochemical syntheses of materials by both vibratory ball milling and by Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM), where a time resolution of 1 second is for a whole XAS spectrum was achieved. Moreover, we describe how spectroscopic methods can be coupled to diffraction-based approaches, thereby providing new dimensions in understanding mechanochemical synthesis. T2 - Denver X-ray Conference: DXC 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 02.08.2021 KW - Dispersive XAS KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Time resolved KW - In situ PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-56257 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana T1 - Time resolved in situ monitoring of mechanochemical transformations by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) N2 - Mechanochemical reactions promise a new direction for environmentally benign preparation of materials, and has been dubbed by IUPAC as one of the 10 chemical innovations that will change our world. Despite this significant promise, very little is known about the mechanisms that drive mechanochemical transformations, posing significant barriers to realizing their full potential. To this end, there is growing need to follow mechanochemical reactions in situ and in real time. We here describe advances in the development and application of XAS methods to monitor material synthesis in real time under mechanochemical conditions. We demonstrate the generality of our approaches by describing mechanochemical syntheses of materials by both vibratory ball milling and by Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM), where a time resolution of 1 second is for a whole XAS spectrum was achieved. Moreover, we describe how spectroscopic methods can be coupled to diffraction-based approaches, thereby providing new dimensions in understanding mechanochemical synthesis. T2 - Advances X ray Analytics Seminar at TU Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.06.2022 KW - XAS KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Time resolved KW - In situ PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56259 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana T1 - Time resolved in situ monitoring of mechanochemical transformations by X-ray spectroscopy (XAS) N2 - Mechanochemical reactions promise a new direction for environmentally benign preparation of materials, and has been dubbed by IUPAC as one of the 10 chemical innovations that will change our world. Despite this significant promise, very little is known about the mechanisms that drive mechanochemical transformations, posing significant barriers to realizing their full potential. To this end, there is growing need to follow mechanochemical reactions in situ and in real time. We here describe advances in the development and application of XAS methods to monitor material synthesis in real time under mechanochemical conditions. We demonstrate the generality of our approaches by describing mechanochemical syntheses of materials by both vibratory ball milling and by Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM), where a time resolution of 1 second is for a whole XAS spectrum was achieved. Moreover, we describe how spectroscopic methods can be coupled to diffraction-based approaches, thereby providing new dimensions in understanding mechanochemical synthesis. T2 - AfLS3 CY - Online meeting DA - 14.11.2021 KW - Dipsersive XAS KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Time-resolved KW - In situ PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-56256 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana T1 - Exploring new materials for Green Intelligent Building how can our BAMline help N2 - With increasing demand and environmental concerns, researchers are exploring new materials that can perform as well or better than traditional materials while reducing environmental impact. Synchrotron X-ray based methods enable unique tools to probe materials properties via e.g. X-ray spectroscopy and diffraction methods. The BAM plays a central role in this highly collaborative research. The BAMline, a real-life sample materials research beamline, at the Berlin Synchrotron BESSY-II, provides unique insights into materials’ electronic and chemical structure at different time and length scales1. This enables real-time optimization of material properties and performance for various applications, such as energy storage and conversion, catalysis, and deterioration resistance. T2 - DAfStb-Kolloquium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - XAS KW - Time-resolved studies KW - Binding materials KW - Cements PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61616 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana T1 - Time resolved in situ monitoring of mechanochemical transformations by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) N2 - Mechanochemical reactions promise a new direction for environmentally benign preparation of materials, and has been dubbed by IUPAC as one of the 10 chemical innovations that will change our world. Despite this significant promise, very little is known about the mechanisms that drive mechanochemical transformations, posing significant barriers to realizing their full potential. To this end, there is growing need to follow mechanochemical reactions in situ and in real time. We here describe advances in the development and application of XAS methods to monitor material synthesis in real time under mechanochemical conditions. We demonstrate the generality of our approaches by describing mechanochemical syntheses of materials by both vibratory ball milling and by Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM), where a time resolution of 1 second is for a whole XAS spectrum was achieved. Moreover, we describe how spectroscopic methods can be coupled to diffraction-based approaches, thereby providing new dimensions in understanding mechanochemical synthesis. T2 - European Conference on X-ray Spectrometry 2022 CY - Bruges, Belgium DA - 27.06.2022 KW - XAS KW - Mechanochemictry KW - Time resolved KW - In situ PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56258 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana T1 - Recent developments of X-ray absorption spectroscopy as analytical tool for biological and biomedical applications N2 - X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), in its various modalities, has gained exponential attention and applicability in the field of biological and biomedical systems. Particularly in this field, challenges like low concentration of analyte or proneness to radiation damage have certainly settle the basis for further analytical developments, when using X-ray based methods. Low concentration calls for higher sensitivity—by increasing the detection limits (DL); while susceptibility for radiation damage requires shorter measurement times and/or cryogenic sample environment possibilities. This manuscript reviews the latest analytical possibilities that make XAS more and more adequate to investigate biological or biomedical systems in the last 5 years. KW - Biological & biomedical applications KW - TXRF-XAS KW - HERFD-XAS KW - RXES KW - Quick-XAS KW - Dispersive-XAS PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-531206 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.3254 SN - 0049-8246 VL - 51 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd AN - OPUS4-53120 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de O. Primo, J. A1 - Horsth, D.F. A1 - de S. Correa, J. A1 - Das, A. A1 - Bittencourt, C. A1 - Umek, P. A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Yusenko, Kirill A1 - Zanetta, C. A1 - Anaissi, F.J. T1 - Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles for Bacteria Disinfection in Water N2 - n this study, two green synthesis routes were used for the synthesis of Ag/ZnO nanoparticles, using cassava starch as a simple and low-cost effective fuel and Aloe vera as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The Ag/ZnO nanoparticles were characterized and used for bacterial dis- infection of lake water contaminated with Escherichia coli (E. coli). Characterization indicated the formation of a face-centered cubic structure of metallic silver nanoparticles with no insertion of Ag into the ZnO hexagonal wurtzite structure. Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses described in “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater” were used to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment. In comparison to pure ZnO, the synthesized Ag/ZnO nanoparticles showed high efficiencies against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and general coliforms present in the lake water. These pathogens were absent after treatment using Ag/ZnO nanoparticles. The results indicate that Ag/ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via green chemistry are a promising candidate for the treatment of wastewaters contaminated by bacteria, due to their facile preparation, low-cost synthesis,and disinfection efficiency. KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-562440 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12101764 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 12 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-56244 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Davison, Nathan A1 - Hemingway, Jack M. A1 - Wills, Corinne A1 - Stolar, Tomislav A1 - Waddell, Paul G. A1 - Dixon, Casey M. A1 - Barron, Luke A1 - Dawson, James A. A1 - Lu, Erli T1 - Mechanochemical Synthesis of a Sodium Anion Complex [Na+(2,2,2-cryptand)Na] and Studies of Its Reactivity: Two-Electron and One-Electron Reductions N2 - Group 1 metal molecular chemistry is dominated by a +1 oxidation state, while a 0 oxidation state is widespread in the metals. A more exotic, yet still available, oxidation state of group 1 metal is −1, i.e., alkalide. Reported as early as the 1970s, the alkalides appear in every modern inorganic chemistry textbook as an iconic chemical curiosity, yet their reactivity remains unexplored. This is due to their synthetic hurdles. In this work, we report the first facile synthesis of the archetypical alkalide complex, [Na+(2,2,2-cryptand)Na–], which allows us to unveil a versatile reactivity profile of this once exotic species. KW - Mechanochemistry PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608632 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02914 VL - 63 IS - 32 SP - 15247 EP - 15258 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-60863 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Das, Prasenjit A1 - Chakraborty, Gouri A1 - Yang, Jin A1 - Roeser, Jérôme A1 - Küçükkeçeci, Hüseyin A1 - Nguyen, Anh Dung A1 - Schwarze, Michael A1 - Gabriel, Jose A1 - Penschke, Christopher A1 - Du, Shengjun A1 - Weigelt, Vincent A1 - Khalil, Islam E. A1 - Schmidt, Johannes A1 - Saalfrank, Peter A1 - Oschatz, Martin A1 - Rabeah, Jabor A1 - Schomäcker, Reinhard A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Thomas, Arne T1 - The Effect of Pore Functionality in Multicomponent Covalent Organic Frameworks on Stable Long‐Term Photocatalytic H2 Production N2 - AbstractIn nature, organic molecules play a vital role in light harvesting and photosynthesis. However, regarding artificial water splitting, the research focus is primarily on inorganic semiconductors. Although organic photocatalysts have high structural variability, they tend to exhibit lower quantum efficiencies for water splitting than their inorganic counterparts. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer an attractive route to introduce different functional units into covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and enable semiconducting properties and high chemical stability, creating promising materials for long‐term photocatalytic applications, such as H2 production. Herein, five highly crystalline donor‐acceptor based, 4‐substituted quinoline‐linked MCR‐COFs are presented that are prepared via the three‐component Povarov reaction. The pore functionality is varied by applying different vinyl derivatives (e.g., styrene, 2‐vinyl pyridine, 4‐vinylpyridine, 4‐vinyl imidazole, 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorostyrene), which has a strong influence on the obtained photocatalytic activity. Especially an imidazole‐functionalized COF displays promising photocatalytic performance due to its high surface area, crystallinity, and wettability. These properties enable it to maintain its photocatalytic activity even in a membrane support. Furthermore, such MCR‐COFs display dramatically enhanced (photo)chemical stability even after long‐term solar light irradiation and exhibit a high and steady H2 evolution for at least 15 days. KW - Sstability KW - Covalent organic frameworks KW - Pore functionality KW - Long-term H2 production KW - Multicomponent reactions PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-639787 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202501193 SN - 1614-6832 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag AN - OPUS4-63978 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Das, Prasenjit A1 - Chakraborty, Gouri A1 - Friese, Nico A1 - Roeser, Jérôme A1 - Prinz, Carsten A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Schmidt, Johannes A1 - Thomas, Arne T1 - Heteropolyaromatic Covalent Organic Frameworks via One-Pot Multicomponent Reactions N2 - Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer a platform to create different chemical structures and linkages for highly stable covalent organic frameworks (COFs). As an illustrative example, the multicomponent Povarov reaction generates 2,4-phenylquinoline from aldehydes and amines in the presence of electron-rich alkenes. In this study, we introduce a new domino reaction to generate unprecedented 2,3-phenylquinoline COFs in the presence of epoxystyrene. This work thus presents, for the first time, structural isomeric COFs produced by multicomponent domino and Povarov reactions. Furthermore, 2,3-phenylquinolines can undergo a Scholl reaction to form extended aromatic linkages. With this approach, we synthesize two thermally and chemically stable MCR-COFs and two heteropolyaromatic COFs using both domino and in situ domino and Scholl reactions. The structure and properties of these COFs are compared with the corresponding 2,4-phenylquinoline-linked COF and imine-COF, and their activity toward benzene and cyclohexane sorption and separation is investigated. The position of the pendant phenyl groups within the COF pore plays a crucial role in facilitating the industrially important sorption and separation of benzene over cyclohexane. This study opens a new avenue to construct heteropolyaromatic COFs via MCR reactions. KW - COF PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604038 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c02551 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-60403 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Das, P. A1 - Chakraborty, Gouri A1 - Roeser, J. A1 - Vogl, S. A1 - Rabeah, J. A1 - Thomas, A. T1 - Integrating Bifunctionality and Chemical Stability in Covalent Organic Frameworks via One-Pot Multicomponent Reactions for Solar-Driven H2O2 Production N2 - Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) can be used to introduce different functionalities into highly stable covalent organic frameworks (COFs). In this work, the irreversible three-component Doebner reaction is utilized to synthesize four chemically stable quinoline-4-carboxylic acid DMCR-COFs (DMCR-1−3 and DMCR-1NH) equipped with an acid−base bifunctionality. These DMCR-COFs show superior photocatalytic H2O2 evolution (one of the most important industrial oxidants) compared to the imine COF analogue (Imine-1). This is achieved with sacrificial oxidants but also in pure water and under an oxygen or air atmosphere. Furthermore, the DMCR-COFs show high photostability, durability, and recyclability. MCR-COFs thus provide a viable materials’ platform for solar to chemical energy conversion. KW - Reactions KW - Bifunctionality KW - Postsynthetic modification KW - Multicomponent PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.2c11454 SN - 0002-7863 VL - 145 IS - 5 SP - 2975 EP - 2984 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-56922 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Das, Chayanika A1 - Kastania, Eleni A1 - Witt, Julia A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem T1 - Corrosion protection properties of poly(4-vinyl pyridine) containing multilayer polymeric coatings on magnesium alloy AZ31 N2 - The aim of this study is to develop polymeric thin films for corrosion protection of magnesium alloy AZ31. As polymer matrix, poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) is selected due to its semiconducting properties and protonic conductivity. Polyacrylic acid is tested as crosslinking layers to improve interfacial adhesion. The macroscopic corrosion properties of the multilayer coatings are investigated by means of electrochemical methods, such as linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), in corrosive media simulating technical and biomedical applications. It is demonstrated that thin multilayer coatings can suppress the corrosion rates of magnesium alloys. To our best knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the use of P4VP as a conducting polymer film with protonic conductivity for corrosion protection of magnesium alloys. KW - Multilayercoatings KW - AZ31 KW - Corrosion protection KW - Intrinsically conducting polymers KW - Magnesium alloys PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-551799 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202112708 SN - 0947-5117 VL - 73 IS - 3 SP - 427 EP - 435 PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag AN - OPUS4-55179 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Darvishi Kamachali, Reza A1 - Wallis, Theophilus A1 - Ikeda, Yuki A1 - Saikia, U. A1 - Ahmadian, A. A1 - Liebscher, C. A1 - Hickel, Tilmann A1 - Maaß, Robert T1 - Giant segregation transition as origin of liquid metal embrittlement in the Fe-Zn system N2 - A giant Zn segregation transition is revealed using CALPHAD-integrated density-based modeling of segregation into Fe grain boundaries (GBs). The results show that above a threshold of only a few atomic percent Zn in the alloy, a substantial amount of up to 60 at.% Zn can segregate to the GB. We found that the amount of segregation abruptly increases with decreasing temperature, while the Zn content in the alloy required for triggering the segregation transition decreases. Direct evidence of the Zn segregation transition is obtained using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. Base on the model, we trace the origin of the segregation transition back to the low cohesive energy of Zn and a miscibility gap in Fe-Zn GB, arising from the magnetic ordering effect, which is confirmed by ab-initio calculations. We also show that the massive Zn segregation resulting from the segregation transition greatly assists with liquid wetting and reduces the work of separation along the GB. The current predictions suggest that control over Zn segregation, by both alloy design and optimizing the galvanization and welding processes, may offer preventive strategies against liquid metal embrittlement. KW - CALPHAD KW - Microstructure Design KW - Grain boundary engineering KW - Steels KW - Density-based Model KW - Segregation Engineering PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-584292 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2023.115758 SN - 1359-6462 SN - 1872-8456 VL - 238 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-58429 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dalgic, Mete‐Sungur A1 - Kumar, Sourabh A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Quantitative Analysis of Polymers by MALDI‐TOF Mass Spectrometry: Correlation Between Signal Intensity and Arm Number N2 - The signal intensities of linear and star‐shaped poly(L‐lactides) (PLA) and poly (ethylene oxides) (PEO) were compared to determine the influence of the number of arms on the ionization in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry. In this study, a variety of blends were prepared and investigated, including binary and ternary combinations of linear and star‐shaped polymers with similar molecular masses. The focus was on examining their intensity ratios. In equimolar binary PLA blends, polymer stars were observed to exhibit higher intensities than their linear counterparts. This result was supported by experiments with equimolar ternary PLA blends, which clearly demonstrated an intensity dependence on the number of polymer arms. It was observed that four‐arm PLA exhibited higher intensities than three‐arm PLA. A similar trend was observed in investigations involving acetylated polymer end groups, suggesting that differences in ionization are primarily influenced by polymer architecture rather than end groups. In order to validate this assumption, the binding energies for [polymer‐K] + adduct ions utilizing the most stable geometry obtained from GOAT (Global Optimizer Algorithm) were calculated, revealing that star‐shaped lower mass oligomers have slightly higher binding energies. KW - MALDI-TOF MS KW - Starlike polymers KW - Quantification KW - Topology PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-653401 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.70023 SN - 1076-5174 VL - 61 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd. AN - OPUS4-65340 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dalgic, Mete-Sungur A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Solvent-free sample preparation for matrix-assisted laserdesorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry ofpolymer blends N2 - Solvent-free sample preparation offers some advantages over solvent-based techniques, such as improved accuracy, reproducibility and sensitivity, for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) analysis. However, little or no information is available on the application of solvent-free techniques for the MALDI analysis of polymer blends. Solvent-free sample preparation by ball milling was applied with varying sample-to-matrix ratios for MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of various polymers, including polystyrenes, poly(methyl methacrylate)s and poly(ethylene glycol)s. The peak intensity ratios were compared with those obtained after using the conventional dried droplet sample preparation method. In addition, solvent-assisted milling was also applied to improve sample homogeneities. Depending on the sample preparation method used, different peak intensity ratios were found, showing varying degrees of suppression of the signal intensities of higher mass polymers. Ball milling for up to 30 min was required to achieve constant intensity ratios indicating homogeneous mixtures. The use of wet-assisted grinding to improve the homogeneity of the blends was found to be disadvantageous as it caused partial degradation and mass-dependent segregation of the polymers in the vials.The results clearly show that solvent-free sample preparation must be carefully considered when applied to synthetic polymer blends, as it may cause additional problems with regard to homogeneity and stability of the blends. KW - MALDI TOF MS KW - Sample preparation KW - Polymer blends KW - Solvent-free PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-598570 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.9756 SN - 0951-4198 VL - 38 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Wiley online library AN - OPUS4-59857 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dalgic, Mete-Sungur T1 - Lösemittelfreie Probenpräparation zur Untersuchung von Polymerblends mittels MALDI-TOF MS N2 - Die Probenpräparation ist ein wichtiger Schritt für die Qualität der Massenspektren in MALDI-TOF MS. Es werden Polymerproben, die lösungsmittelbasiert und lösungsmittelfrei präpariert worden sind, verglichen. Dabei werden die Intensitätsverhältnisse von ternären Mischungen von PEG-, PS- und PMMA-Polymeren beachtet. T2 - 28. Kolloquium - Massenspektrometrische Techniken zur Untersuchung synthetischer Polymere CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.05.2024 KW - Polymere KW - Massenspektrometrie KW - Probenpräparation PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60032 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dalgic, Mete-Sungur T1 - Discrimination effects in MALDI-MS of Ternary Polymer Mixtures N2 - MALDI-TOF MS is a viable method to determine molecular weights of polymers. However, quantification using MALDI-TOF MS presents specific challenges due to intensity biases caused by instrumental and sample-specific parameters. In this presentation, the influence of molar masses on MALDI-TOF mass spectra is explored. The intensities of a ternary PMMA blend with different mixture ratios are depicted in contour plots. T2 - SALSA Make and Measure 2022 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.09.2022 KW - MALDI-TOF MS KW - Ternary polymer blends KW - PMMA PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-62212 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dalgic, Mete-Sungur T1 - Einfluss der Konformation auf das Ionisationsverhalten in MALDI-TOF MS N2 - MALDI-TOF Massenspektrometrie ist eine wichtige Methode zur Bestimmung von Molekulargewichten von Polymeren. Jedoch wird die quantitative Analyse von Polymeren durch verschiedene Faktoren erschwert. In dieser Präsentation wird unter anderem der Einfluss der molaren Massen auf die Massenspektren näher betrachtet. Dabei werden Konturplots von ternären PMMA- und PS-Mischungen gezeigt. T2 - 27. Kolloquium - Massenspetrometrische von Polymeren CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 09.05.2023 KW - MALDI-TOF MS KW - Ternäre Polymermischungen KW - PMMA und PS PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-62214 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dal Molin, E. S. A1 - Henning, L. M. A1 - Müller, J. T. A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Bekheet, M. F. A1 - Gurlo, A. A1 - Simon, U. T1 - Robocasting of ordered mesoporous silica‐based monoliths: Rheological, textural, and mechanical characterization N2 - Hierarchically porous, high‐surface‐area silica materials are excellent candidates for multiple applications like catalysis and environmental remediation. Shaping these materials with additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, like robocasting, could enable their use with the benefit of on‐demand, customized shaping and maximizing performance. Herein, ordered mesoporous silica COK‐12 slurries were robocasted into monoliths, containing different ratios of uncalcined COK‐12 and sodium bentonite (0–25 wt.%). The rheology of the mixed slurries is characterized by lower flow indexes (0.69 vs. 0.32) and higher yield stresses (96 vs. 259 Pa) compared to pure COK‐12 ones. Monoliths were printed in woodpile structures and calcined at 600°C. Micro‐CT measurements showed a linear shrinkage of 25% after calcination. Mechanical characterization showed increased uniaxial strength (0.20 ± 0.07 to 1.0 ± 0.3 MPa) with increasing binder/solids ratio from 13 to 25%. The amorphous, mesoporous structure of COK‐12 was retained. The structures exhibited open porosities of 52 ± 4% and showed higher specific mesopore volumes, and increased average mesopore size (6 vs. 8 nm) compared to COK‐12. Small‐angle x‐ray scattering analysis revealed an increased lattice parameter (10.3 vs. 11.0 nm) and reduced wall thickness (3.1 nm vs. 4.1 nm) of the COK‐12 in the monoliths. These properties indicate suitability for their application as porous supports and adsorbents. KW - Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering KW - Additive manufacturing KW - OMS KW - Porous materials KW - Robocasting KW - X-ray scattering KW - MOUSE PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-582503 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202300109 VL - 4 IS - 11-12 SP - 615 EP - 631 PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH AN - OPUS4-58250 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dailey, L. A. A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Ćirković Veličković, Tanja T1 - Exposition und Detektionstechniken: Der Weg zur Harmonisierung N2 - Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über Erkenntnisse der WG 1 und WG 3 des CUSP Clusters der Horizon Europe Projekte von Mikroplastik (2020-2025). Die Frage ist wie hoch ist die Exposition und ist das dann eine gesundheitliche Gefahr. Diskutiert werden Mechanismen, die helfen richtig und genau zu messen, z.B. Prozesskontrollen oder Referenzmaterialien. Es wird ein Weg zu mehr Harmonisierung im Bereich der Mikroplastik-Analytik aufgezeigt. T2 - Mikroplastik – Was wissen wir heute? BfR-Forum Verbraucherschutz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 02.12.2025 KW - Microplastics KW - Reference materials KW - Harmonisation PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65330 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - da Silva, D.A. A1 - Greiser, Sebastian A1 - Contro, J. A1 - Medeiros, V.L. A1 - Nery, J.G. A1 - Jäger, Christian T1 - 1H, 29Si and 119Sn double and triple resonance NMR spectroscopy of the small-pore framework sodium stannosilicate Na2SnSi3O9⋅2H2O N2 - The small-pore framework sodium stannosilicate AV-10, chemical composition Na2SnSi3O9⋅2H2O and known crystallographic structure, was synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization. This stannosilicate is built up of a three-dimensional network of corner-shared SiO4 tetrahedra and SnO6 octahedra. The SnO6 sites are linked to six SiO4 tetrahedra (Sn(6Si)) while each of the two crystallographically different SiO4 units are connected to two SnO6 and SiO4 units (Si(2Si,2Sn)). This material was used as model compound for developing a solid-state MAS NMR strategy aimed on the challenges and possibilities for structural studies, particularly considering the short and medium range order to verify the connectivity of SiO4 and SnO6 of such compounds despite the low natural abundances of 4.68% for 29Si and 8.59% for 119Sn nuclei as a real challenge. 29Si{119Sn} and 119Sn{29Si} REDOR (Rotational-Echo Double-Resonance) NMR measurements after 1H cross-polarization (CP) were carried out. The REDOR curves show a significant change after the “normal” quadratic short time evolution from which both (i) the shortest internuclear 29Si – 119Sn distances (and vice versa) and (ii) the number of corner-sharing SiO4 tetrahedra around the SnO6 octahedra (and vice versa) can be obtained. Based on these data, optimized 29Si {119Sn} and 119Sn{29Si} REPT-HMQC (Recoupled Polarization Transfer-Heteronuclear Multiple-Quantum Correlation, again after 1H CP) experiments were implemented, which directly show those heterogroup connectivity as correlation peaks in a 2D spectrum. This information was also obtained using 2D29Si{119Sn}-J-Coupling NMR experiments. Furthermore, 2D29Si INADEQUATE NMR experiments are also feasible, showing the connectivity of SiO4 tetrahedra. The combination of REDOR, REPT-HMQC, J-Coupling and INADEQUATE experiments yielded a complete analysis of the short and medium range structure of this microporous stannosilicate, in agreement with the previously published structure obtained Ab Initio from powder X-Ray diffraction data (XRD). KW - Stannosilicates KW - REDOR KW - REPT-HMQC KW - INADEQUATE PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssnmr.2020.101661 SN - 0926-2040 VL - 107 SP - 101661 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-50710 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czuban, M. A1 - Kulka, M. W. A1 - Wang, L. A1 - Koliszak, A. A1 - Achazi, K. A1 - Schlaich, C. A1 - Donskyi, Ievgen A1 - Di Luca, M. A1 - Mejia Oneto, J. M. A1 - Royzen, M. A1 - Haag, R. A1 - Trampuz, A. T1 - Titanium coating with mussel inspired polymer and bio-orthogonal chemistry enhances antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus N2 - Implant-associated infections present severe and difficult-to-treat complications after surgery, related to implant biofilm colonization. Systemic administration of antibiotics cannot reach sufficient concentrations at the infected site and may be toxic. Here we describe how mussel-inspired dendritic material coated on a titanium surface can locally activate a prodrug of daptomycin (pro-dapto) to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The mechanism of the prodrug activation is based on bio-orthogonal click chemistry between a tetrazine (Tz) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO). The former is attached to the dendritic polymer, while the later converts daptomycin into a prodrug. Characterization of the material's properties revealed that it is hydrophobic, non-toxic, and stable for a prolonged period of time. We envision that the titanium coated dendritic material will be able to improve the treatment of implant-associated infections by concentrating systemically administered antibiotic prodrugs, thus converting them into active localized medicines. KW - Bio-orthogonal chemistry KW - Antimicrobial titanium coating KW - Prodrug antibiotic KW - Antibiotic delivery KW - Antibiotic release KW - XPS PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2020.111109 VL - 116 SP - 111109 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-51204 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czerski, Jakub A1 - Mitoraj-Krolikowska, Marzena A1 - Godlewska, Elzbieta A1 - Wetzel, Annica A1 - Witt, Julia A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem A1 - Marzec, Mateusz A1 - Goly, Marcin T1 - Corrosion and passivation of AlCrFe2Ni2Mox high-entropy alloys in sulphuric acid N2 - Corrosion behaviour of AlCrFe2Ni2Mox (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6) high-entropy alloys was investigated in a 0.1 M H2SO4 solution. Passive films formed upon anodic polarisation, built of Al-based inner layer and (Cr, Fe, Mo)-based outer layer, had good protective properties. In particular, they prevented corrosion of the (Al, Ni)-rich BCC-B2 phase, which was observed under open-circuit conditions. Moderate amounts of Mo, up to x = 0.3, positively affected the passivation ability of AlCrFe2Ni2. Significant changes in microstructure and phase composition of the alloy at higher Mo concentrations (x = 0.6) resulted in deterioration of its corrosion resistance. KW - EIS KW - Alloy KW - Sulphuric acid KW - AFM KW - Acid corrosion KW - Passive films PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2024.111855 SN - 0010-938X VL - 229 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-59703 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cubero, A. A1 - Martínez, E. A1 - Angurel, L.A. A1 - de la Fuente, G.F. A1 - Navarro, R. A1 - Legall, Herbert A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Effects of laser-induced periodic surface structures on the superconducting properties of Niobium N2 - It is well known that the use of ultrashort (fs) pulsed lasers can induce the generation of (quasi-) periodic nanostructures (LIPSS, ripples) on the surface of many materials. Such nanostructures have also been observed in sample’s surfaces irradiated with UV lasers with a pulse duration of 300 ps. In this work, we compare the characteristics of these nanostructures on 1-mm and on 25-μm thick niobium sheets induced by 30 fs n-IR and 300 ps UV pulsed lasers. In addition to conventional continuous or burst mode processing configurations, two-dimensional laser beam and line scanning modes have been investigated in this work. The latter allows the processing of large areas with a more uniform distribution of nanostructures at the surface. The influence of the generated nanostructures on the superconducting properties of niobium has also been explored. For this aim, magnetic hysteresis loops have been measured at different cryogenic temperatures to analyse how these laser treatments affect the flux pinning behaviour and, in consequence, the superconductor’s critical current values. It was observed that laser treatments are able to modify the superconducting properties of niobium samples. T2 - E-MRS Spring Meeting 2019 CY - Nice, France DA - 27.05.2019 KW - Superconductivity KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Niobium PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-502541 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.145140 SN - 0169-4332 SN - 1873-5584 VL - 508 IS - 1 SP - 145140-1 EP - 145140-7 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-50254 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cubero, A. A1 - Martínez, E. A1 - Angurel, L.A. A1 - de la Fuente, G.F. A1 - Navarro, R. A1 - Legall, Herbert A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Surface superconductivity changes of niobium sheets by femtosecond laser-induced periodic nanostructures N2 - Irradiation with ultra-short (femtosecond) laser beams enables the generation of sub-wavelength laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) over large areas with controlled spatial periodicity, orientation, and depths affecting only a material layer on the sub-micrometer scale. This study reports on how fs-laser irradiation of commercially available Nb foil samples affects their superconducting behavior. DC magnetization and AC susceptibility measurements at cryogenic temperatures and with magnetic fields of different amplitude and orientation are thus analyzed and reported. This study pays special attention to the surface superconducting layer that persists above the upper critical magnetic field strength Hc2, and disappears at a higher nucleation field strength Hc3. Characteristic changes were distinguished between the surface properties of the laser-irradiated samples, as compared to the corresponding reference samples (non-irradiated). Clear correlations have been observed between the surface nanostructures and the nucleation field Hc3, which depends on the relative orientation of the magnetic field and the surface patterns developed by the laser irradiation. KW - Niobium KW - Surface superconductivity KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Nanostructures PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-518462 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10122525 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 10(12) IS - Special issue "Laser-generated periodic nanostructures" SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-51846 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Crouzier, L. A1 - Feltin, N. A1 - Delvallée, A. A1 - Pellegrino, Francesco A1 - Maurino, V. A1 - Cios, Grzegorz A1 - Tokarski, T. A1 - Salzmann, Christoph A1 - Deumer, J. A1 - Gollwitzer, C. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Correlative analysis of the dimensional properties of bipyramidal titania nanoparticles by complementing electron microscopy with other methods N2 - In this paper, the accurate determination of the size and size distribution of bipyramidal anatase nanoparticles (NPs) after deposition as single particles on a silicon substrate by correlative Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis is described as a new measurement procedure for metrological purposes. The knowledge of the exact orientation of the NPs is a crucial step in extracting the real 3D dimensions of the particles. Two approaches are proposed to determine the geometrical orientation of individual nano‐bipyramides: (i) AFM profiling along the long bipyramid axis and (ii) stage tilting followed by SEM imaging. Furthermore, a recently developed method, Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD), which needs preparation of the crystalline NPs on electron‐transparent substrates such as TEM grids, has been tested with respect to its capability of identifying the geometrical orientation of the individual NPs. With the NPs prepared homogeneously on a TEM grid, the transmission mode in a SEM, i.e., STEM‐in‐SEM (or T‐SEM), can be also applied to extract accurate projection dimensions of the nanoparticles from the same sample area as that analysed by SEM, TKD and possibly AFM. Finally, Small Angle X‐ray Scattering (SAXS) can be used as an ensemble technique able to measure the NPs in liquid suspension and, with ab‐initio knowledge of the NP shape from the descriptive imaging techniques, to provide traceable NP size distribution and particle concentration. KW - Nanoparticles KW - Complex-shape KW - Bipyramid KW - Electron microscopy KW - AFM KW - Size measurements KW - TKD KW - STEM-in-SEM KW - SAXS KW - Nanoparticle concentration KW - Correlative analysis PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-539888 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11123359 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 11 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-53988 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Costache, F. A1 - Valette, S. A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Editorial: Special Issue “Dynamics and Processes at Laser-Irradiated Surfaces—A Themed Issue in Honor of the 70th Birthday of Professor Jürgen Reif” N2 - The Special Issue “Dynamics and Processes at Laser-irradiated Surfaces” is dedicated to the 70th birthday of Jürgen Reif, retired full professor, former Chair of Experimental Physics II of the Faculty of Physics of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus—Senftenberg in Germany. KW - Laser ablation KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Surface functionalization KW - Femtosecond laser PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-569482 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13030611 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-56948 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cosimi, Andrea A1 - Stöbener, Daniel D. A1 - Nickl, Philip A1 - Schusterbauer, Robert A1 - Donskyi, Ievgen A1 - Weinhart, Marie T1 - Interfacial nanoengineering of hydrogel surfaces via block copolymer self-assembly N2 - Synthetic polymer hydrogels are valuable matrices for biotransformations, drug delivery, and soft implants. While the bulk properties of hydrogels depend on chemical composition and network structure, the critical role of interfacial features is often underestimated. This work presents a nanoscale modification of the gel−water interface using polymer brushes via a straightforward “grafting-to” strategy, offering an alternative to more cumbersome “grafting-from” approaches. Functional block copolymers with photoreactive anchor blocks are successfully self-assembled and UV-immobilized on hydrogel substrates despite their low solid content (<30 wt %). This versatile technique works on both bulk- and surface-immobilized hydrogels, demonstrated on poly(hydroxypropyl acrylate), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), and alginate gels, allowing precise control over grafting density. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed a homogeneous bilayered architecture. By “brushing-up”, the hydrogels’ interface can be tailored to enhance protein adsorption, improve cell adhesion, or impair the diffusive uptake of small molecules into the bulk gels. This effective interfacial nanoengineering method is broadly applicable for enhancing hydrogel performance across a wide range of applications. KW - Brushing-up KW - Benzophenone KW - LCTS-type polymer KW - Poly(glycidyl ether) (PGE) KW - Fibroblast adhesion KW - XPS KW - ToF-SIMS PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-652966 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c18632 SN - 1944-8244 VL - 17 IS - 6 SP - 10073 EP - 10086 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-65296 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - INPR A1 - Corrao, Elena A1 - Gouasmi, Meriem A1 - Sordello, Fabrizio A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Radnik, Joerg A1 - Maurino, Valter A1 - Pellegrino, Francesco T1 - Tailoring TiO2 Morphology and Surface Chemistry for Optimized Photocatalytic Activity in rGO Hybrids N2 - TiO2–reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrids were investigated in this study to elucidate how TiO2 morphology and surface chemistry govern charge-transfer pathways and, ultimately, reaction selectivity. Three anatase TiO2 nanostructures were compared: bipyramids predominantly exposing {101} facets (bipy) and two nanosheet-like samples enriched in {001} facets, either fluorinated (n-sh) or thermally defluorinated and {101}-enriched (n-sh_873K). A constant rGO loading (2 wt.%) was introduced via in situ hydrazine reduction of graphene oxide in the presence of TiO2. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated under Xe-lamp irradiation in two model reactions probing oxidative and reductive pathways: phenol degradation and H2 evolution using formic acid as a scavenger. rGO systematically enhanced phenol degradation for all morphologies, with bipy+rGO showing the highest activity. In contrast, H2 evolution was consistently suppressed upon rGO incorporation across all TiO2 samples, although the bipyramidal morphology remained the most active within each series. These results highlight that facet exposure and surface functionalization dictate the beneficial or detrimental role of rGO depending on the targeted photocatalytic pathway. KW - Photocatalytic activity KW - Reduced graphene oxide KW - TiO2 KW - Surface chemistry KW - 2D materials PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-653476 DO - https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2026-65917 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-65347 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cornelsen Sampaio Kling, I. A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo A1 - Archanjo, B. S. A1 - Simão, R. A. T1 - Development and characterization of starch film and the incorporation of silver nanoparticles N2 - Starch is one of the biopolymers being used for bioplastic synthesis. For production, starch can be combined with different plasticizers, starches from different plant sources and even with nanomaterials to improve or to add film properties. The challenge of adding these, e.g. in the form of silver nanoparticles (AgNp) is to determine the concentration so as to avoid impairing the properties of the film, agglomeration or altering the visual characteristics of the film. In this study, a starch film synthesis route and the incorporation of silver nanoparticles has been proposed in order not to alter the properties of the film while maintaining the transparency and a clear colour of the starch film. The results showed that the proposed synthesis route is promising, efficient, reproducible, fast and the film has good mechanical properties. T2 - Semana MetalMat & Painal PEMM 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 23.11.2020 KW - Biofilm KW - Silver nanoparticle KW - Starch KW - Starch nanoparticle PY - 2020 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-51940 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cordsmeier, Leo A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - DNA Stability in Biodosimetry, Pharmacy and DNA Based Data-Storage: Optimal Storage and Handling Conditions N2 - DNA long-term stability and integrity is of importance for applications in DNA based bio-dosimetry, data-storage, pharmaceutical quality-control, donor insemination and DNA based functional nanomaterials. Standard protocols for these applications involve repeated freeze-thaw cycles of the DNA, which can cause detrimental damage to the nucleobases, as well as the sugar-phosphate backbone and therefore the whole molecule. Throughout the literature three hypotheses can be found about the underlying mechanisms occurring during freeze-thaw cycles. It is hypothesized that DNA single-strand breaks during freezing can be induced by mechanical stress leading to shearing of the DNA molecule, by acidic pH causing damage through depurination and beta elimination or by the presence of metal ions catalyzing oxidative damage via reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we test these hypotheses under well defined conditions with plasmid DNA pUC19 in high-purity buffer (1xPBS) at physiological salt and pH 7.4 conditions, under pH 6 and in the presence of metal ions in combination with the radical scavengers DMSO and Ectoine. The results show for the 2686 bp long plasmid DNA, that neither mechanical stress, nor pH 6 lead to degradation during repeated freeze-thaw cycles. In contrast, the presence of metal ions (Fe2+) leads to degradation of DNA via the production of radical species. KW - DNA KW - DNA stability KW - Pharmacy KW - Reference material KW - pUC19 KW - Strand break KW - SSB KW - Dosimetry KW - Biodosimetry KW - Biologisches Dosimeter KW - DNA Dosimeter KW - Quality control KW - Plasmid DNA KW - DNA data storage KW - Nucleobase KW - Base damage KW - Base loss KW - DNA degradation KW - Metal ions KW - ROS KW - OH radical KW - Fenton Reaction KW - H2O2 KW - DNA based data storage KW - Freezing KW - Thawing KW - Mechanical stress KW - pH KW - Beta elimination KW - Ectoine KW - Ectoin KW - THP(B) KW - Radical scavenger KW - DMSO KW - Buffer KW - lN2 KW - DNA vortexing KW - AGE KW - SYBR Gold KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - DNA long term storage KW - DNA reference material PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-557148 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202200391 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH AN - OPUS4-55714 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cope, Elana J. A1 - Bustamante, Joana A1 - Johnson, Zöe M. A1 - Lancaster, Alicia A1 - Gurunathan, Ramya A1 - George, Janine A1 - Agne, Matthias T. T1 - Heat capacity estimation of complex materials for energy technologies N2 - The control of heat in energy materials is one of the greatest current engineering challenges. Accurate estimations of heat capacity are key in creating and using materials safely and efficiently. Current models for heat capacity are often limited due to crude estimations of the phonon density of states, which is a key component of the thermodynamic definition of heat capacity. Utilization of a more detailed phonon density of states, which can easily be obtained from machine-learned algorithms, combined with dilation and electronic contributions, yields heat capacity estimations that are 29% better than the widely utilized Debye model and are comparable to state-of-the-art quantum mechanical calculations. The framework and necessary tools for heat capacity estimations demonstrated herein can be built into more detailed models and analyses, such as high-throughput characterization, transport models, or other thermodynamic assessments. Consequently, the so-called vibrational + dilation + electronic (VDE) model of heat capacity developed in this work better enables the informed design of next-generation devices. KW - Materials Design KW - Heat Capacity KW - Machine learning potentials KW - Thermal Management PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-645711 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102054 SN - 2542-4351 VL - 9 IS - 8 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-64571 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Coburger, Peter A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Abbenseth, Josh T1 - Combining geometric constraint and redox non-innocence within an ambiphilic PBiP pincer ligand N2 - The first pincer ligand featuring a strictly T-shaped pnictogen donor moiety was synthesised. The PBiP ligand's redox activity facilitates unprecedented ambiphilic bonding of the Bi centre with transition metals through the Bi(6p) orbital. KW - EXAFS KW - Pincer Ligand KW - Group 15 metals PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-611113 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SC00197D SN - 2041-6520 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) AN - OPUS4-61111 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Clifford, C. A1 - Stintz, M. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Fujimoto, T. ED - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan ED - Unger, Wolfgang ED - Shard, A. G. T1 - International standards in nanotechnologies N2 - This chapter provides an overview of what standards are, why they are important, and how they are developed. There is a focus on the work of standards committees relevant to nanotechnology measurement and characterization with tables detailing the standards that are currently available for a large number of different techniques, materials, and applications at the nanoscale. KW - Standards KW - Nanotechnology KW - Reproducibility KW - ISO KW - CEN KW - VAMAS PY - 2020 SN - 978-0-12-814182-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814182-3.00026-2 SP - 511 EP - 525 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-50165 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -