TY - JOUR A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Quercetti, Thomas T1 - Drop and fire testing of spent fuel and HLW transport casks at 'BAM test site technical safety' JF - Packaging, transport, storage & security of radioactive materials (RAMTRANS) N2 - BAM, as a competent German government institute for the mechanical and thermal testing of radioactive material transport and storage containers, operates unique drop and fire test facilities for experimental investigations on the open air BAM Test Site Technical Safety. To be able to perform even drop tests with full scale spent fuel or HAW casks (i.e. the German CASTOR cask designs), BAM constructed in 2004 a large drop test facility capable to handle 200 ton test objects, and to drop them onto a steel plate covered unyielding target with a mass of nearly 2600 ton. Drop test campaigns of the 181 ton GNS CONSTOR V/TC, the 129 ton MHI MSF-69BG and a 1:2 scale model of the GNS CASTOR HAW28M (CASTOR HAW/TB2) have been performed since then. The experimental BAM drop testing activities can be supported also by drop testing of smaller packages (up to 2 ton) in an in-house test facility and by dynamic, guided impact testing of package components and material specimen inside a new drop test machine. In May 2008, a new modern fire test facility was put into operation. The facility provides two test stands fired with liquid propane. Testing in every case has to be completed by computational investigations, where BAM operates appropriate finite element modelling on appropriate computer codes, e.g. ABAQUS, LS-DYNA, ANSYS and other analytical tools. KW - Package testing KW - Drop testing KW - Fire testing KW - Regulations PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1179/1746510912Y.0000000002 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 200 EP - 205 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-26691 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nehrig, Marko A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Masslowski, Jörg-Peter A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Pope, R. T1 - Historical view and experiences with crush test for light weight packages JF - Packaging, transport, storage & security of radioactive materials (RAMTRANS) N2 - The crush test for light weight and low density type B packages was introduced for the first time into the 1985 edition of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) transport safety regulations. In the early 1970s, the need for an additional mechanical test besides or instead of the well known 9 m drop test was deliberated. Various authors and test facilities, including BAM and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), were able to prove that the level of safety provided by IAEA drop and puncture tests in the regulations did not protect against dynamic crush forces to smaller packages. As early as the third PATRAM symposium held in 1971 (Richland, WA, USA), Robert F. Barker asked for '... a more strenuous crushing test for protecting small, light weight packages ...' BAM developed from research activities a proposal as to which types of packages should be subject to crush tests and how the crush tests should be performed, which was presented at the 5th PATRAM symposium held in 1978 (Las Vegas, NV, USA). At the IAEA, the possible need for a crush test was first mentioned in 1977. The subject for a discussion, besides the principal need for this test, was also the development of suitable set of crush test boundary conditions. It took more than four years of discussion until a dynamic crush test similar to today's test was recommended by experts to the IAEA regulatory revision panel. Finally, after a rigorous evaluation process in which also the boundary conditions were determined, the crush test was proposed to be incorporated into the IAEA regulations. BAM and SNL participated in the crush test development and implementation process right from the beginning in the early 1970s until its implementation in the IAEA regulations in 1985. Today, BAM performs crush test procedures according to para. 727(c) of TS-R-1, which have not been changed since their first implementation. Crush tests performed in 2002 at BAM will be discussed. These approval design tests were performed on birdcage pellet transport containers under normal and accident conditions according to the IAEA regulations. KW - Package testing KW - Crush testing KW - Regulations PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1179/1746510911Y.0000000016 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 125 EP - 129 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-25349 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -