TY - CONF A1 - Baar, C A1 - Laar von, C A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Insektenmonitoring und genetisches Barcoding N2 - Die aus der Kirche in Greven entnommenen A. punctatum wiesen größere genetische Unterschiede auf als die aus der isolierten Zucht der BAM. Dies lässt vermuten, dass ein Austausch von zufliegenden oder eingeschleppten Individuen zu einer erhöhten genetischen Variabilität beiträgt. Die Ergebnisse der Sequenzanalysen vom Standort Greven zeigten, dass vier Variationen vorhanden waren. Die DNA-Barcodes aus der Datenbank NCBI (Frankreich, Finnland und Deutschland) besaßen nur SNPs, die bereits aus den Insekten der Kirche in Greven bekannt waren. Nach aktueller Datenlage für den betrachteten Genabschnitt sind diese Varianten (V2 bis V22) als repräsentativ für den mitteleuropäischen Raum anzunehmen. Potenzielle weitere Varianten lassen sich nur über eine größere Stichprobenanzahl entdecken/finden. Die Ergebnisse der Käferproben aus der isolierten Zucht der BAM sind deutlich homogener und entsprachen der Variante 1 aus Greven. Die Variante 1 wurde ebenfalls in vier französischen und einer deutschen Probe aus der NCBI-Datenbank nachgewiesen. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf zwei Hauptvariationen (Vx und V20) hin, wobei die eine (VJ homogener als die andere (V20) zu sein scheint. Da für den Räuber K. caeruleus keine Unterschiede in der COI gefunden wurden, gilt zu prüfen, ob der gewählte Genabschnitt für die Untersuchung repräsentativ ist. Dies ist mit einer höheren Probenzahl zu validieren. T2 - 32. Deutsche Holzschutztagung CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 25.04.2024 KW - Korynaetes caeruleus KW - Insektenmonitoring KW - Genetisches Barcoding KW - Anobium punctatum PY - 2024 SP - 244 EP - 252 AN - OPUS4-60027 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gleim, Tobias A1 - Feldkamp, Martin A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Werner, Jan A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Enhancement of Fire Test Stand Performance at Test Site of BAM: Installation and Evaluation of an Augmented System with a Fire Reference Package N2 - Packages for the transport of radioactive material are designed to en-dure severe accidents. Packages for the transportation of radioactive material must demonstrate that the package can withstand certain prescribed tests from the IAEA Regulations [1]. In addition to mechanical tests, a thermal test in form of a fire test must be carried out. As packages to be tested at BAM are signifi-cantly larger than previous package designs, BAM has expanded an existing fire test stand. A modular concept is chosen, which means that the arrangement of the burner nozzles can be adapted to the test specimen. The dimensions of the burner rings, the type, the orientation and the number of burner nozzles can be varied depending on the test specimen. In addition, various pumps can be used to set the corresponding mass flow. With the help of a calorimeter test, the fire test stand can be qualified for a specific size of packages regarding the boundary conditions of the IAEA Regulations [1]. Due to the typically wood filled impact limiters in German package designs, a fire test is necessary, as experiments have shown that possible openings that occurred during a mechanical test contributed to the igni-tion of the wood filled impact limiters within the prescribed 30 minutes of the IAEA Regulations [1]. From a series of experiments, two experiments are pre-sented to show the possibilities to obtain different temperatures and temperature rates in the test specimen. In addition to sensor data, the heat flux into the package is calculated to verify that the IAEA boundary conditions are satisfied. In addition to the temperature data, other data such as wind speed and wind direction are also recorded to explain subsequent effects in the measurement data in a comprehen-sible manner. T2 - Wood & Fire Safety 2024 CY - Strbske Pleso, Slowakei DA - 13.05.2024 KW - IAEA Regu-lations KW - Fire Test Stand KW - Accident Scenario KW - Fire Qualification PY - 2024 UR - https://link.springer.com/book/9783031591761 SN - 978-3-031-59176-1 SN - 978-3-031-59179-2 SN - 978-3-031-59177-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59177-8_22 VL - 1 SP - 189 EP - 197 PB - Springer Cham AN - OPUS4-60101 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Feldkamp, Martin A1 - Gleim, Tobias A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Combustion Chamber Design for Encapsulated Wood-Component Testing N2 - Heavy-weight packages for the safe transport of radioactive material are equippedwith impact limiters often built ofwood-filled steel sheet structures to fulfil the requirements of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) regulations. The requirements definemechanical tests followed by a thermal test, including criteria ensuring the package design’s ability to withstand severe accidents and provide a high level of technical safety. Impact limiters are a package component mainly designed for the packages to withstand severe mechanical accident scenarios. In drop tests the impact limiters absorb the kinetic energy during impact of the package. The package must then - with its pre-damaged impact limiters - endure a thermal test defined precisely in the IAEA regulations as a 30-min fully engulfing 800 °C-fire. After the fire, a wood-filled impact limiter may continue to release thermal energy from an ongoing combustion process, defining relevant package temperatures. The energy flow from a possible burning impact limiter to the package is important for the safety evaluation of transport packages. To investigate the combustion behaviour of densely packed layers of spruce wood, encapsulated in pre-damaged cylindrical metal enclosures, a test set-up has been realised. The set-up consists of a combustion chamber to perform these tests under defined boundary conditions. The temperature development of the test specimens will be observed fromoutside with a thermographic imager, with HD-Cameras, and the mass loss will be measured during the entire test. Airflow conditions in the combustion chamber are analysed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculations in OpenFOAM. The planned combustion test setup is described. T2 - Wood & Fire Safety 2024 CY - Štrbské Pleso, Slovakia DA - 12.05.2024 KW - Fire KW - Combustion KW - Smouldering PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-031-59176-1 SN - 978-3-031-59179-2 SN - 978-3-031-59177-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59177-8 SP - 215 EP - 222 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland AG CY - Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-60226 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Barretto, T. A1 - Gentes, S. A1 - Braun, J. A1 - Averin, Anton A1 - Lecompagnon, Julien A1 - Stroncik, N. T1 - Automated non-destructive internal corrosion detection on radioactive drums (ZIKA) N2 - The aim of the ZIKA research project, funded by the BMBF funding program FORKA (FKZ:15S9446 A-C), is the automated detection of internal corrosion of radioactive drums using non-destructive testing (NDT). The newly gained findings will be combined with research results from the previous project EMOS (FKZ:15S9420), which dealt with the external damage of drums. Using NDT, internal corrosion and possible internal sources of damage can be identified before they become a safety-relevant issue. However, if internally sourced damages can be seen externally, the integrity of the damaged drum is no longer guaranteed, which has significant consequences. Therefore, early detection before integrity failure is of particular importance for interim storage facilities with low- and medium-level radioactive waste drums. T2 - Kerntechnik 2024 CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 11.06.2024 KW - Corrosion detection KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Automated inspection system PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-60322 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Brittle Failure Limits of Spent Fuel Claddings Subjected to Long-Term Dry Interim Storage Conditions N2 - The mechanical properties of spent fuel claddings can be adversely affected under the conditions of long-term dry interim storage, so that the failure limits may be reached in case of mechanical loads during handling or transport after storage. Pre-storage drying and the early stage of interim storage can expose the cladding to higher temperatures and higher tensile hoop stresses than those associated with in-reactor operation and pool storage. During slow cooling of a cladding tube under internal pressure, radial hydrides may precipitate in zirconium-based cladding alloys. This can lead to embrittlement of the material and sudden failure of the cladding integrity under mechanical stress. In order to prevent brittle failure, numerical methods are being developed to predict the mechanical behaviour and identify limiting conditions. Experimental investigations, numerical analyses and evaluation methods are discussed. An established experimental method for characterising cladding materials is the Ring Compression Test (RCT). Some test results on irradiated cladding tubes after operation in pressure water reactors are publicly available. However, it is helpful to carry out studies on unirradiated surrogate claddings with similar material properties to reduce the effort associated with irradiated samples in hot cells and to perform material tests with a wider range of parameters. On the basis of such experimental data, load-displacement curves have been numerically analysed for a selection of cladding materials. Radial hydrides can cause a sample to break suddenly due to fracture even at low deformation. Noticeable load drops in the RCT are caused by unstable crack propagation through the radial hydride network. The failure mechanism is quasi-cleavage in the hydrides and micro-void nucleation, growth, and coalescence in the zirconium matrix, with ductile tearing patches connecting adjacent hydrides. The cohesive zone approach was used to simulate the failure process taking into account the radial hydride morphology. The developed method can adequately describe both the deformation and failure behaviour of irradiated as well as unirradiated claddings of zirconium-based alloys with radial hydrides under RCT conditions. Limiting conditions can be expressed in terms of fracture energy and cohesive strength. T2 - IAEA International Conference on the Management of Spent Fuel from Nuclear Power Plants - Meeting the Moment CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Ageing Management KW - Cladding Embrittlement KW - Extended Storage KW - Ring Compression Test KW - Spent Nuclear Fuel PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-60323 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ronen, A. A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Leube, Peter A1 - Ben Efraim, R. A1 - Nir, O. A1 - Chaudhary, M. A1 - Futterlieb, M. A1 - Panglisch, S. T1 - DEFEAT-PFAS: Detection, Quantification, and Treatment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Groundwater N2 - The research project focuses on tackling the detection, measurement, and elimination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from polluted groundwater, with a particular emphasis on addressing short (C4-C7) and ultrashort (C1-C3) chain PFAS. Given the widespread use of PFAS in various products, they are commonly found in groundwater near industrial and military sites in Germany and Israel. Moreover, recent regulations limiting the use of long chain PFAS have led industries to shift towards shorter chain alternatives. Hence, our efforts are geared towards refining detection, quantification, and removal methods for short and ultrashort chain PFAS. In terms of detection, ww are developing passive sampling devices capable of collecting and tracking the temporal distribution of PFAS species in groundwater. This will enable us to analyze contaminations in German and Israeli groundwater using cutting-edge analytical techniques. Additionally, contaminated groundwater will undergo a two-stage treatment process aimed at concentrating the relatively low PFAS concentrations using innovative membrane technologies such as closed-circuit reverse osmosis and mixed matrix composite nanofiltration membrane adsorbers. Subsequently, the streams containing higher PFAS concentrations will be treated through coagulation, with the remaining PFAS being adsorbed onto carbonaceous nanomaterials. The outcome of this research will include the creation of advanced tools for detecting, measuring, and eliminating PFAS from polluted groundwater, while also enhancing our understanding of the scope of these contaminations. T2 - German Israeli Water Technology Status Seminar CY - Koblenz, Germany DA - 18.06.2024 KW - Ground water KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Remediation PY - 2024 UR - https://indico.scc.kit.edu/event/4029/attachments/7552/12045/Proceedings_Ger-Isr-Coop_Status-Seminar-2024.pdf SP - 33 EP - 36 AN - OPUS4-60331 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Scholz, Philipp ED - Thiel, Stephanie ED - Thome-Kozminesky, Elisabeth ED - Antrekowitsch, Helmut ED - Pomberger, Roland ED - Firsbach, Felix T1 - Einstufung von Aschen und Schlacken aus der Abfallverbrennung im Hinblick auf die weitere Verwertung – Handlungsempfehlungen N2 - Die Einstufung von Hausmüllverbrennungsasche (IBA) als gefährlich oder nicht gefährlich nach der Gefahreneigenschaft HP14 (ökotoxisch) ist nach wie vor umstritten, da es noch keine keine allgemein anerkannten Methoden zur Bewertung gibt. Wenn die Berechnungsregeln angewendet werden sollen angewendet werden sollen, sind Kenntnisse über die chemische Zusammensetzung von IBA erforderlich. Informationen über über die chemische Zusammensetzung von IBA können mit einem Ansatz gewonnen werden, der auf der Gruppierung von Substanzen. Für IBA können vier Stoffgruppen definiert werden: 1. elementare und legierte Metalle, 2. leicht wasserlösliche Stoffe, 3. schwer lösliche Stoffe und 4. Stoffe mit starken chemischen Bindungen. Elementares und legiertes Cu und Zn sind in der IBA vorhanden und werden in der Regel als Nichteisenmetallfraktion zurückgewonnen, zumindest die größeren Partikel. Zn-Partikel, die kleiner als 1 mm sind, werden als H410 eingestuft, feine Partikel von Cu nur als H411. Die wasserlösliche Fraktion kann mit Standardauslaugungsmethoden quantifiziert werden Auslaugungsmethoden quantifiziert werden, z. B. bei einem Flüssigkeits-Feststoff-Verhältnis (L/S) von 2 oder 10 l/kg. Sowohl die Sulfate von Zn als auch von Cu gehören zu dieser Gruppe. In einer neueren Veröffentlichung wurde gezeigt, dass bei den oben genannten Metalle die ausgelaugte Menge weit unter dem Grenzwert von 1.000 mg/kg liegt, selbst wenn stöchiometrische Faktoren angewendet werden. Stoffgruppe 3 sind potenzielle H410-Stoffe. Dabei handelt es sich um Carbonate, Hydroxide und Oxide der betreffenden Elemente, die löslich sind in schwachen organischen Säuren wie Essigsäure löslich sind. Die Worst-Case-Stoffe der Gruppe 3, d. h. die Verbindungen mit den höchsten stöchiometrischen Faktoren, sind CuCO3xCu(OH)2 und ZnO. Stoffe mit starken chemischen Bindungen wie Silikate oder Sulfide sind nur löslich in starken Säuren (z.B. Königswasser) löslich und haben keinen Ökotoxizitäts-Gefahrencode. Das Mobilisierungsverhalten der relevanten Schwermetalle und damit der Gruppe der schwer schwerlöslichen Verbindungen kann mit der 4-stufigen sequentiellen Extraktion untersucht werden. Für die HP14 Einstufung könnte auch eine einstufige Extraktion ausreichend sein. Nur die Elemente Zn und Cu sind für die HP14-Einstufung der IBA von Bedeutung, da die Feststoffgehalte aller anderen Schwermetalle unterhalb des Feststoffgehalte aller anderen Schwermetalle unter der Cut-Off-Grenze von 0,1 % liegen, selbst wenn man sie in chemischen Verbindungen mit stöchiometrischen Faktoren. Im Ergebnis wurde gezeigt, dass IBA in der Regel als nicht gefährlich einzustufen ist. T2 - Berliner Konferenz Mineralische Nebenprodukte und Abfälle CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.06.2024 KW - Rostasche KW - Ökotoxizität KW - Sequenzielle Extraktion PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-911006-80-4 VL - 11 SP - 176 EP - 190 PB - TK-Verlag CY - Neuruppin AN - OPUS4-60281 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wosniok, Aleksander A1 - Königsbauer, Korbinian A1 - Nöther, Nils A1 - Färber, Jan A1 - Schaller, M.-Barbara A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Distributed polymer optical fiber sensors using digital I-OFDR for geotechnical infrastructure health monitoring N2 - We present a distributed polymer optical fiber sensor system for deformation monitoring of geotechnical infrastructure. The sensor system is based on the digital incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (I-OFDR) for the detection of local strain events along a perfluorinated polymer optical fiber (PF-POF) used as a sensing fiber. For the best possible load transfer, the PF-POFs were integrated onto geosynthetics which pose a sensor carrier for the sensing fiber. By using elastic PF-POF instead of a standard glass fiber as a sensing fiber the strain range of geosynthetics-integrated fiber optic sensors could be extended up to 10 % in accordance with the end-user requirements. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Digital I-OFDR KW - Distributed polymer optical fiber sensor KW - Ddistributed strain sensing KW - Smart geosynthetics KW - Structural health monitoring PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-603096 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-60309 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Charmi, Amir A1 - Heimann, Jan A1 - Duffner, Eric A1 - Hashemi, Seyedreza A1 - Prager, Jens T1 - Application of deep learning for structural health monitoring of a composite overwrapped pressure vessel undergoing cyclic loading N2 - Structural health monitoring (SHM) using ultrasonic-guided waves (UGWs) enables continuous monitoring of components with complex geometries and provides extensive information about their structural integrity and their overall condition. Composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) used for storing hydrogen gases at very high pressures are an example of a critical infrastructure that could benefit significantly from SHM. This can be used to increase the periodic inspection intervals, ensure safe operating conditions by early detection of anomalies, and ultimately estimate the remaining lifetime of COPVs. Therefore, in the digital quality infrastructure initiative (QI-Digital) in Germany, an SHM system is being developed for COPVs used in a hydrogen refueling station. In this study, the results of a lifetime fatigue test on a Type IV COPV subjected to many thousands of load cycles under different temperatures and pressures are presented to demonstrate the strengths and challenges associated with such an SHM system. During the cyclic testing up to the final material failure of the COPV, a sensor network of fifteen surface-mounted piezoelectric (PZT) wafers was used to collect the UGW data. However, the pressure variations, the aging process of the COPV, the environmental parameters, and possible damages simultaneously have an impact on the recorded signals. This issue and the lack of labeled data make signal processing and analysis even more demanding. Thus, in this study, semi-supervised, and unsupervised deep learning approaches are utilized to separate the influence of different variables on the UGW data with the final aim of detecting and localizing the damage before critical failure. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Deep learning KW - Ultrasonic-guided waves KW - Anomaly detection KW - Damage localization PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-607396 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29751 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-60739 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Gaddampally, Mohan Reddy A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Failure Analysis on Irradiated Claddings Subjected to Long-Term Dry Interim Storage N2 - Long-term dry interim storage may adversely affect the mechanical properties of spent fuel rods, possibly resulting in a reduced resilience during handling or transport after storage. The cladding is the first barrier for the spent fuel pellets. An established method for characterising the cladding material is the ring compression test (RCT), in which a small, cylindrical sample of the cladding tube is subjected to a compressive load. Radial hydrides may precipitate in zirconium-based alloys (Zircaloy) under pre-storage drying and during slow cooling, which result in embrittlement of the cladding material and eventually a possible sudden failure of cladding integrity under additional mechanical loads. The focus of the presented research is on the development of appropriate nu-merical methods for predicting the mechanical behaviour and identification of limiting conditions to prevent brittle fracture of Zircaloy claddings. A modelling approach based on cohesive zones is ex-plained which is able to reproduce the propagation of cracks initiated at radial hydrides in the zir-conium matrix. The developed methods are applied to defueled samples of cladding alloy ZIRLO®, which were subjected to a thermo-mechanical treatment to reorient existing circumferential hy-drides to radial hydrides. A selected sample showing sudden load drops during a quasi-static ring compression test is analysed by means of fracture mechanics for illustrative purposes. Based on the developed fracture mechanics approach, not only the deformation behaviour but also the fail-ure behaviour of irradiated as well as unirradiated Zircaloy claddings with radial hydrides under RCT loading conditions can be adequately described. T2 - 27th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology - SMiRT 27 CY - Yokohama, Japan DA - 03.03.2024 KW - Cladding Embrittlement KW - Cohesive Zone Modelling KW - Ring Compression Test KW - Spent Nuclear Fuel PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-60671 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Stürenberg, Jan A1 - Tandon, Aditya T1 - Robotergestütztes Bauwerksmonitoring basierend auf eingebetteter Sensorik N2 - In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat sich das Bauwerksmonitoring (engl. „Structural Health Monitoring“, SHM) zu einer nützlichen Ergänzung routinemäßiger Inspektionen entwickelt. SHM ermöglicht die frühzeitige Erkennung von Schäden an Bauwerken und dadurch die frühe, und somit kostengünstige, Durchführung von Reparatur- und Wartungsarbeiten. Mit dem Aufkommen drahtloser Technologien und Fortschritten in der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie werden Bauwerke zunehmend mit drahtlosen Sensorknoten ausgestattet, um für SHM relevante Bauwerksdaten zu erfassen, zu analysieren und zu übertragen. Eine vielversprechende Methode für SHM ist die direkte Einbettung von Sensoren in den Beton. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Sensorsystem zur Einbettung in Beton vorgestellt, das in der Lage ist, die im Beton aufgenommenen Bauwerksdaten auszuwerten. Die Sensoren werden bei Bedarf von vierbeinigen Robotern mittels Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) ausgelesen und mit Energie versorgt, was einen automatisierten und effizienten Prozess ermöglicht. Der prototypische Prozess zur automatischen Erfassung von Bauwerksdaten mit eingebetteter Sensorik und vierbeinigen Robotern wird durch Tests in einer Büroumgebung validiert. Die Ergebnisse der Tests bestätigen die automatische und effiziente Erfassung von Bauwerksdaten, die eine frühzeitige Erkennung von Bauwerksschäden, auch von nicht sichtbaren Schäden, ermöglicht, und eine folgerichtige Weiterentwicklung des modernen Bauwerksmonitorings repräsentiert. T2 - 35. Forum Bauinformatik CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 18.09.2024 KW - Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) KW - Bauwerksmonitoring (SHM) KW - Eingebettete Sensorik KW - Vierbeinige Roboter KW - Autonome Navigation PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-621890 DO - https://doi.org/10.15480/882.13502 SP - 139 EP - 146 AN - OPUS4-62189 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisermann, R. A1 - Esterl, F. A1 - Schuchardt, M. A1 - Breithaupt, Mathias A1 - Plath, R. T1 - Distributed acoustic/vibration sensing: Towards advanced transformer condition monitoring N2 - A novel method for transformer vibration monitoring using intensity-based distributed acoustic/vibration sensing (DAS/DVS) is presented. Fibre optic sensors were fully integrated into an oil-filled medium voltage distribution transformer. Opencircuit in-situ measurements were carried out using a single and three-phase supply with an electrical power of up to 30 kVA. Spectral analysis of the mechanical vibrations were performed by measuring the frequency response of the transformer using plain fibre- and transducer-based DVS approaches. The results were compared with the spectra of a microphone mounted on the outside of the transformer housing and the electrical measurements on the high voltage side. Using the fibre optic DVS based monitoring we were able to detect changes in operating power and frequency. Further it could be shown, that it is possible to identify anomalous behaviour such as electrical/mechanical noise sources using the determined vibration spectra. T2 - 2024 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Applications (ICHVE) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 18.08.2024 KW - Distributed acoustic sensing KW - DAS KW - Transformer monitoring PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHVE61955.2024.10676084 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - IEEE CY - New York City, New York, USA AN - OPUS4-61798 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Narayanan, A. A1 - Duddi, M. A1 - Kocherla, Amarteja A1 - Subramaniam, K. V. L. T1 - Continuous monitoring of the early-age strength development of cement paste using embeddable piezoelectric-based ultrasonic transducers N2 - A piezoelectric-based ultrasonic transducer that can be embedded at the time of casting is developed for the purpose of continuously monitoring the early-age strength development of cement paste. The transducers that have been developed are equipped with various levels of protection in order to enhance their resilience in an alkaline environment and mitigate the risk of short-circuits. The transducers are operated in actuator-receiver mode. The obtained ultrasonic signal is analyzed in frequency domain. The initial and final setting time estimated from calorimetry measurements demonstrated a strong agreement with the proposed frequency domain approach. The observed behavior of concrete in wave transmission measurements exhibits similarities to that of an electronic filter. Initially, concrete behaves similar to a low-pass filter, but as time elapses, it transitions into a high-pass filter. T2 - 9th Civil Structural Health Monitoring Workshop (CSHM-9) CY - Kuwait City, Kuwait DA - 12.02.2024 KW - Hydration KW - Embedded sensor KW - Early-age KW - Cementitious KW - PZT KW - Ultrasonic PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-031-62252-6 SN - 978-3-031-62255-7 SN - 978-3-031-62253-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62253-3_4 SN - 2366-2557 N1 - Serientitel: Lecture notes in civil engineering – Series title: Lecture notes in civil engineering VL - 516 SP - 44 EP - 51 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland CY - Cham AN - OPUS4-62593 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krankenhagen, Rainer A1 - Chaudhuri, Somsubhro A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Winterkorn, Rene A1 - de Finis, Rosa A1 - Palumbo, Davide A1 - Galietti, Umbero T1 - Thermographic investigation of the anisotropic behaviour of additively manufactured AISI316 steel using DED-Arc N2 - Additive manufacturing is one of the most promising techniques for industrial production and maintenance, but the specifics of the layered structure must be considered. The Direct Energy Deposition-Arc process enables relatively high deposition rates, which is favourable for larger components. For this study, specimens with different orientations were prepared from one AISI316 steel block – parallel and orthogonal to the deposition plane. Quasistatic tensile loading tests were carried out, monitored by an infrared camera. The obtained surface temperature maps revealed structural differences between both orientations. The consideration of surface temperature transients yields more details about the behaviour of the material under tensile loading than the conventional stress-strain-curve. These preliminary investigations were supplemented by thermographic fatigue trials. Although the anisotropy was also observed during fatigue loading the fatigue behaviour in general was the same, at least for both inspected specimens. The presented results demonstrate the abilities and the potential of thermographic techniques for tensile tests. T2 - 17th Quantitative Infrared Thermography Conference CY - Zagreb, Croatia DA - 01.07.2024 KW - WAAM PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-62548 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Duddi, M. A1 - Kocherla, Amarteja A1 - Subramaniam, K. V. L. T1 - Real-time monitoring of concrete properties using an embedded smart piezoelectric sensor with active and passive sensing abilities N2 - Concrete undergoes physical and chemical changes from the time of casting. These changes in early stage of hydration of concrete, highly influence the final properties and overall performance of concrete structures. Comprehensive health monitoring sensors can help to improve the quality and performance of concrete structures by providing detailed and accurate real-time information about the properties and condition of concrete at different stages of its life cycle. In this study, an embedded smart PZT (Lead Zirconate and Titanium) sensor is developed and its potential for comprehensive health monitoring of concrete structures is explored. To protect the PZT sensor from short-circuiting and alkaline environment, a robust and sensitive protection scheme is developed. The developed embedded smart PZT sensor was placed in the concrete during casting to infer the in-situ properties of concrete through active and passive sensing techniques. Through active sensing techniques Electrical Impedance (EI) and wave propagation (WP), the hydration and damage are monitored, respectively; through passive sensing techniques vibration, and acoustic emission (AE), the development of Young’s modulus and cracking in concrete are monitored. The methodology to infer the changes inworkability, complete set behavior, property development, and crack opening in concrete structures is developed. The reproducibility of all these techniques using the developed embedded smart PZT sensor is established. Since the developed sensor is capable of both active and passive sensing, it allows for a more comprehensive and flexible approach to health monitoring. This contributes to increased data accuracy, reliability, and a more holistic understanding of the concrete structure’s condition. T2 - 1st Interdisciplinary Symposium on Smart & Sustainable Infrastructure (ISSSI 2023) CY - Vancouver, BC, Canada DA - 04.09.2023 KW - Embedded smart PZT sensor KW - Electrical impedance (EI) KW - Wave propagation (WP) KW - Acoustic emission (AE) KW - Vibration monitoring KW - Hydration KW - Damage PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-031-53388-4 SN - 978-3-031-53389-1 SN - 978-3-031-53391-4 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53389-1_96 SN - 2211-0844 N1 - Serientitel: RILEM bookseries – Series title: RILEM bookseries VL - 48 SP - 1089 EP - 1100 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham AN - OPUS4-62681 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baier, Johanna A1 - Ziegert, Christof T1 - DIN 18940 für tragendes Lehmsteinmauerwerk – Potenzial und erste Anwendungserfahrungen N2 - Mit der Veröffentlichung der DIN 18940 Juni 2023 steht in Deutschland eine zeitgemäße Bemessungsgrundlage für tragendes Lehmmauerwerk zur Verfügung, die derzeit europaweit einmalig ist. Während nach bisherigen Vorschriften lediglich zweigeschossige Gebäude mit tragendem Lehmsteinmauerwerk realisierbar waren, ermöglicht die DIN 18940 nun den Einsatz von Lehmsteinmauerwerk in fünfgeschossigen, bis zu 13 m hohen Gebäuden. Das Bemessungskonzept der DIN 18940 lehnt sich an die Grundprinzipien der vereinfachten Berechnungsmethoden für unbewehrte Mauerwerksbauten nach DIN EN 1996-3/NA an und berücksichtigt dabei die materialspezifischen Eigenschaften von Lehmsteinmauerwerk. Anpassungen waren aufgrund der feuchteabhängigen Festigkeits- und Verformungskenngrößen sowie der im Vergleich zu herkömmlichem Mauerwerk geringen Steifigkeit erforderlich. Ein Vergleich mit konventionellem Mauerwerk aus Ziegeln, Porenbeton und Kalksandsteinen zeigt, dass Lehm hinsichtlich Tragfähigkeit und bauphysikalischen Eigenschaften im Bereich der Gebäudeklasse 1-4 konkurrenzfähig ist. Besonders die geringen CO2-Emissionen und die vollständige Rezyklierbarkeit machen Lehmsteinmauerwerk zu einer klimagerechten Alternative. Weiterhin werden erste Projekte vorgestellt, die nach DIN 18940 geplant wurden. Aus den Anwendungserfahrungen werden materialgerechte Entwurfsgrundsätze für Gebäude aus Lehmsteinmauerwerk formuliert. Abschließend zeigen Einblicke in laufende Forschung und zukünftige Entwicklung, wie das Potenzial von Lehmsteinmauerwerk weiter gesteigert werden kann. T2 - LEHM 2024 - 9. Internationale Fachtagung für Lehmbau CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 27.09.2024 KW - Lehmmauerwerk KW - Ökobilanzierung KW - Normung PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-62030 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völker, Christoph A1 - John, Elisabeth A1 - Firdous, Rafia A1 - Hirsch, Tamino A1 - Kaczmarek, Daria A1 - Ziesack, Kevin A1 - Buchwald, Anja A1 - Stephan, Dietmar A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine ED - Ferrara, Liberato ED - Muciaccia, Giovanni ED - di Summa, Davide T1 - Beyond Theory: Pioneering AI-Driven Materials Design in the Sustainable Building Material Lab N2 - This work focuses on Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven materials design, addressing the challenge of improving the sustainability of building materials amid complex formulations. These formulations involve various components, such as binders, additives, and recycled aggregates, necessitating a balance between environmental impact and performance. Traditional experimental methods often fall short in managing the complexity of material composition, hindering fast enough development of optimal solutions. Our research explores complex composition materials design through a comprehensive, comparative lab study between Data-Driven Design, using SLAMD - an open-source AI materials design tool, and traditional Design of Experiments (DOE). We aimed to develop a high-performance, alkali-activated material using secondary precursors, aiming for a compressive strength exceeding 100 MPa after 7-days. The findings reveal that AI-driven design outperforms DOE in development speed and material quality, successfully identif. T2 - 4 RILEM Spring Convention and Conference on advanced construction materials and processes for a carbon neutral society 2024 CY - Milano, Italy DA - 07.04.2024 KW - Secondary Raw Materials KW - Data-Driven Design KW - Sequential Learning KW - Design of Experiments KW - Alkali-Activated Binder PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-03170281-5 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70281-5_31 SN - 2211-0852 VL - 2 SP - 274 EP - 282 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-61662 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zia, Ghezal Ahmad Jan A1 - Völker, Christoph A1 - Moreno Torres, Benjami A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine T1 - An Adaptive Upscaling Approach for Assessing Materials’ Circularity Potential with Non-destructive Testing (NDT) N2 - Advancing towards a circular economy necessitates the efficient reuse and maintenance of structural materials, which relies on accurate, non-damaging condition assessments. This paper introduces an innovative AI-driven adaptive sampling (AS) technique integrated with Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) to optimize this process. AS focuses on critical data points, reducing the amount of data needed for precise assessments—evidenced by our method requiring on average only 7 samples for Logistic Regression and 8 for Random Forest, contrasted with 29 for traditional sampling. By reducing the necessity for extensive data collection, our method not only streamlines the assessment process but also significantly contributes to the sustainability goals of the circular economy. These goals include resource efficiency, waste reduction, and material reuse. Efficient condition assessments promote infrastructure longevity, reducing the need for new materials and the associated environmental impact. The circular economy aims to create a sustainable system where resources are reused, and waste is minimized. This is achieved by extending the lifecycle of materials, reducing the environmental footprint, and promoting recycling and reuse. Longevity directly contributes to the circular economy by maximizing the utility and lifespan of existing materials and structures. Longer-lasting infrastructure means fewer resources are needed for repairs or replacements, leading to reduced material consumption and waste generation. This aligns with the circular economy's principles of sustainability and resource efficiency. This research not only advances the field of structural health monitoring but also aligns with the broader objective of enhancing sustainable construction practices within the circular economy framework. T2 - Rilem Spring Convention CY - Milano, Italy DA - 09.04.2024 KW - Adaptive Sampling KW - Random Sampling KW - Machine Learning KW - Non-Destructive Testing KW - Condition Assessment KW - Circular Economy PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-031-70277-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70277-8_38 SN - 2211-0844 VL - 55 SP - 330 EP - 338 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland CY - Switzerland AN - OPUS4-62458 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine A1 - Völker, Christoph A1 - Zia, Ghezal Ahmad Jan A1 - Moreno Torres, Benjami A1 - Hartmann, Timo ED - Ferrara, L. ED - Muciaccia, G. ED - di Summa, D. T1 - REINCARNATE: Shaping a Sustainable Future in Construction Through Digital Innovation N2 - We introduce the REINCARNATE project, funded by the European Union’s Horizon Europe program, to boost circularity by merging digital innovations with practical applications and a focus on material reuse. The heart of REINCARNATE is the Circular Potential Information Model (CP-IM), a digital platform designed to assess and enhance the recyclability of construction materials, construction products, and buildings. The CP-IM integrates advanced technologies such as digital twins, AI, and robotics to revolutionize the handling of construction waste, turning it into valuable resources and cutting the environmental footprint of the sector. Among its features are digital tracing, material durability predictions, and CO2 reduction materials design. These are showcased in eleven European demonstration projects, highlighting the practical benefits of these technologies in reducing construction waste and CO2 emissions by up to 80% and 70% respectively. REINCARNATE aims to marry innovation with real-world application, providing the construction industry with strategies for sustainable and circular practices. T2 - 4 RILEM Spring Convention and Conference on advanced construction materials and processes for a carbon neutral society 2024 CY - Milano, Italy DA - 07.04.2024 KW - Digital construction KW - Construction sustainability KW - European project KW - Llife cycle KW - Recycled materials PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-031-70280-8 SN - 978-3-03170281-5 SN - 978-3-031-70283-9 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70281-5_32 SN - 2211-0844 SN - 2211-0852 N1 - Serientitel: RILEM Bookseries – Series title: RILEM Bookseries VL - 56 IS - 2 SP - 283 EP - 291 PB - Springer CY - Cham AN - OPUS4-61661 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sridaran Venkat, Ramanan A1 - Stamm, Michael A1 - Wittmann, Jost A1 - Lauterbach, Helge A1 - Bleier, Michael T1 - Harnessing the power of thermal imagery and visual inspection- a mean for reliable damage detection of wind turbine rotor blades N2 - Generation of green electricity as part of the energy transition is leading to a growing market in the wind energy sector all over the world. Maintenance and inspection are key-factor for the reliable, safe and efficient operation of wind turbines. Regular maintenance of rotor blades focuses on damage such as erosion on the leading edge of the profile, delamination and thermal cracks due to lightning strikes. To date, visual inspection by technicians (climbers) has been the state of the art. Recently, drone-based inspections using visual cameras have become more common, enabling fast, reliable and cost-effective inspections. However, no internal damage to the rotor blades are detectable during such an inspection. This deficiency is often compensated by thermography, a recognized method for detecting damages beneath the surface of an object. Thermography has been promoted and continuously developed at BAM for years. In the first part of this paper, the authors present the concept for a drone-based multisensory system that combines a thermal camera, a high-resolution visual camera and a 3D Laser scanner.The system provides a comprehensive view of the rotor blade samples internal and external conditions. In the second part of the paper, we present a lab-based demonstrator comprising an infrared camera and an RGB camera. We elaborate on the process for fusing the images comprising the calibration, image preprocessing and image registration. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Wind rotor blade inspection KW - Thermography KW - Data fusion KW - Drone inspection KW - Multi-sensors PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-625107 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29868 SN - 1435-4934 VL - 29 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-62510 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zia, Ghezal Ahmad Jan A1 - Valdestilhas, Andre A1 - Moreno Torres, Benjami A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine T1 - Leveraging large language models for automated knowledge graphs generation in non-destructive testing N2 - This paper presents an innovative approach for the automatic generation of Knowledge Graphs (KGs) from heterogeneous scientific articles in the domain of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) applied to building materials. Our methodology leverages large language models (LLMs) to extract and semantically relate concepts from diverse sources. We developed material-specific agents for concrete, wood, steel, and bricks, each equipped with a curated glossary of terms to ensure domain accuracy. These agents process PDF documents, extracting relevant information on deterioration mechanisms, physical changes, and applicable NDT methods. The extracted data is then normalized, validated, and structured into a Neo4j graph database, forming a comprehensive KG. Our results demonstrate the system’s ability to automatically discover and represent intricate relationships between materials, deterioration mechanisms, physical changes, and NDT techniques. The generated KG successfully captures complex interactions, such as the applicability of specific NDT methods to various materials under different deterioration conditions. This work not only highlights the potential of KGs in enhancing knowledge discovery and representation in NDT research but also provides a scalable framework for extending this approach to other scientific domains. T2 - SeMatS 2024 - The 1st International Workshop on Semantic Materials Science CY - Amsterdam, The Netherlands DA - 17.09.2024 KW - Materials science and engineering KW - Large language model KW - Linked open data KW - Data interoperability KW - RDF KW - Semantic web PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-624597 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13834164 SN - 1613-0073 N1 - Serientitel: CEUR workshop proceedings – Series title: CEUR workshop proceedings VL - 3760 SP - 101 EP - 110 PB - RWTH Aachen CY - Aachen AN - OPUS4-62459 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dalichow, Dirk A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Völker, Tobias T1 - Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for the Chemical Investigation of Concrete—Status of Practical Application N2 - The assessment and maintenance of reinforced concrete structures depends largely on knowledge of the chloride content and chloride ingress. Common methods are the wet chemical analysis of drill dust or powder from ground drill core segments. However, due to the homogenization process, this approach often fails to detect locally elevated chloride levels. A state-of-the-art alternative method is laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), which offers rapid analysis and the possibility of detecting several chemical elements simultaneously. This method is particularly characterized by its ability to measure light elements such as hydrogen, carbon or sodium. The spatial resolution of LIBS is usually 0.25 mm but can be increased to 0.1 mm or less if required. BARG, is the first commercial building materials laboratory in Germany to use LIBS in practice. The current LIBS setup enables rapid, spatial quantification of the chlorine content and at the same time the creation of element maps that visually represent the distribution of essential elements in the concrete. This method can be used to localize areas of elevated chlorine content, particularly in cracks or near reinforcing bars. With the ability to analyze several elements simultaneously, LIBS can determine measurement points associated with the cement phase and, taking into account the water content, relate the measured contents directly to the cement mass. The detailed ingress profiles determined by LIBS provide essential data for the estimation of accurate chlorine diffusion coefficients, which are crucial for probabilistic lifetime predictions. The estimation of the carbon distribution enables the localization of carbonated regions and their effect on the chloride distribution. The possibility of quantitatively determining the sulfur distribution also indicates areas that are affected by a possible sulfate attack. The presentation uses practical examples to demonstrate the possibilities and advantages of the LIBS method. In addition, the newly published leaflet B14 of the German Society for Non-Destructive Testing (DGZfP) will be presented, which describes the use of LIBS for the quantitative determination of chloride content in concrete. T2 - ICCRRR 2024 CY - Cape Town, South Africa DA - 04.11.2024 KW - Concrete KW - Chloride KW - Corrosion KW - Repair KW - Maintenance PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-75507-1_40 VL - 59 SP - 411 EP - 420 AN - OPUS4-62480 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - He, Yuxiang A1 - Robens-Radermacher, Annika A1 - Noda, S. A1 - Wolf, Christoph A1 - Unger, Jörg F. A1 - Mai, I. ED - Ferrara, L. ED - Muciaccia, G. ED - di Summa, D. T1 - Automated Workflows for Concrete Additive Manufacturing for Design, Optimization, and Fabrication of Parametrized Elements N2 - 3D concrete printing is an innovative new construction technology offering the potential to enable the efficient production of individual structures with less consumption of resources. The technology will mainly shape the future construction philosophy. From the design of a structure to the printed component, many individual steps based on different software are required, which must be repeated for each new or even slightly changed design. The geometry of the structure is created in a CAD program. The print path is defined in slicer software leading to the machine code for the printer to print the structure. A numerical model of the printed structure makes optimization in design and fabrication possible, by predicting the behaviour of the structure and reducing the number of test prints and costs. For that, additional steps like meshing the design and running a simulation are required. In order to work efficiently, an automated workflow is necessary, which runs all of the individual steps without interacting with each software program. Furthermore, changes in parameters or the exchange of parts (different designs or printers) must be simple. One way to develop such an automated workflow is presented within this paper. The interfaces are defined in a way that allows running the full chain of tools as well as individual steps. The workflow is demonstrated based on the example of a parametrized wall element for extrusion-based concrete. Furthermore, a test series of cubes is printed, and the influence of different infill structures is numerically and experimentally compared. T2 - RSCC 2024 - RILEM Spring Convention and Conference 2024 CY - Milano, Italy DA - 07.04.2024 KW - 3D concrete printing KW - Automation KW - Workflow KW - Innovative technologies PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-031-70280-8 SN - 978-3-03170281-5 SN - 978-3-031-70283-9 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70281-5_28 SN - 2211-0844 SN - 2211-0852 N1 - Serientitel: RILEM Bookseries – Series title: RILEM Bookseries VL - 56 IS - 2 SP - 247 EP - 254 PB - Springer CY - Cham AN - OPUS4-61608 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Schönsee, Eric A1 - Jeyifous, Olubunmi Anthony A1 - Izanlu, Morteza A1 - Hüsken, Götz ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - In situ Prozessüberwachung und Qualitätskontrolle bei der additiven Fertigung von Betonbauteilen N2 - In der additiven Fertigung von Beton wird kontinuierlich Material gemischt und verarbeitet. Dies erfordert eine kontinuierliche in situ Prozessüberwachung und Qualitätskontrolle. An der BAM wurde ein 3D-Betondrucker aufgebaut, der eine umfängliche Prozessüberwachung ermöglicht. Druck-, Temperatur- und Feuchtesensoren in der Pumpe und im Fördersystem erlauben ein kontinuierliches Monitoring des Frischbetons, während ein Laserlinienscanner am Druckkopf unmittelbar die gedruckte Ist-Kontur verfolgt. Die so gewonnenen Daten können Grundlage für die Erarbeitung von Normen für die additive Fertigung von Betonbauteilen sein und somit deren Standsicherheit gewährleisten. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - In situ KW - Prozessüberwachung KW - Additive Fertigung KW - Betonbauteil PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613064 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 138 EP - 146 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61306 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rübner, Katrin ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Vom Bauschutt zur leichten Gesteinskörnung N2 - Leichte Gesteinskörnungen können ressourcenschonend aus heterogenen und feinkörnigen Bau- und Abbruchabfällen in einem mehrstufigen Prozess durch thermische oder hydrothermale Stoffumwandlung hergestellt werden. Ihre Anwendung erfolgt in Leichtbetonen und Leichtmörteln, als Schüttung im Garten und Landschaftsbau oder auch als Filter- und Speichermaterial. In zahlreichen Forschungsprojekten wurden die Herstellungsprozesse entwickelt, die Materialeigenschaften optimiert und unterschiedliche Applikationen untersucht. In diesem Beitrag wird zusammenfassend über dieser Forschungsarbeiten berichtet. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Bauschutt KW - Gesteinskörnung PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613105 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 70 EP - 77 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61310 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cook, Jake A1 - Tonon, Chiara A1 - Stohl, Leonie A1 - von Werder, Julia ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Assessment of concrete bioreceptivity and model organism performance for use in algal biofilm green facade systems N2 - Elevated temperatures and high levels of air pollution in urban environments pose a significant threat to the health and life quality of inhabitants of these areas. This research aims to address these challenges by developing green façade systems using micro-algal biofilms. Both material and biological properties are assessed to optimise biofilm performance and durability. Cementitious samples with different pH levels and varying nutrient compositions are tested in combination with model microorganisms. Organism growth, health and adhesion are monitored over a 3-month period under controlled laboratory conditions. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Concrete bioreceptivity KW - Model organism performance KW - Algal biofilm KW - Algal biofilm green facade systems PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613114 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 159 EP - 166 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61311 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Robens-Radermacher, Annika A1 - Saif-Ur-Rehman, A1 - Wolf, Christoph A1 - Kujath, Cezary A1 - He, Yuxiang A1 - Mezhof, Alexander A1 - Hüsken, Götz A1 - Jeyifous, Olubunmi Anthony A1 - Unger, Jörg F. ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Modellierung und Simulation von 3D Betondruck – Design- und Prozessoptimierung N2 - Der 3D Betondruck ermöglicht die effiziente und ressourcenschonendere Herstellung maßgeschneiderter Betonstrukturen. Trotz des großen Potentials gibt es bisher keine einheitlichen Normen und Standards für den sicheren und robusten 3D Betondruck. Der Beitrag zeigt das Potential numerischer Methoden und Modelle zur effizienten und ressourcenschonenden Design- und Prozessoptimierung des 3D Betondrucks. Dazu werden die aktuellen Forschungsarbeiten im Bereich der Entwicklung robuster und zuverlässiger numerischer Zwillinge, geeigneter Optimierungstools sowie digitaler Workflows diskutiert. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Modellierung KW - Simulation KW - 3D Betondruck KW - Designoptimierung KW - Prozessoptimierung PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613023 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 132 EP - 137 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61302 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Andrés Arcones, Daniel A1 - Unger, Jörg F. ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Modell- und Parameterunsicherheiten am Beispiel eines digitalen Brückenzwillings N2 - Digitale Zwillinge bieten wertvolle Einblicke in das Verhalten von Bauwerken und ermöglichen eine fundierte Entscheidungsfindung. Durch den Einsatz von Simulationen, die auf physikalischen Gesetzen beruhen, ist es möglich, Vorhersagen über die Struktur auf der Grundlage zukünftiger oder hypothetischer Situationen zu treffen. Die Verwendung solcher Simulationen impliziert jedoch eine Reihe von Annahmen und Vereinfachungen, die unvermeidbare Fehler in die Vorhersagen einbringen. Die Quantifizierung dieser Unsicherheiten ist der Schlüssel für den Einsatz zuverlässiger digitaler Zwillinge von Brücken. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Modellunsicherheit KW - Parameterunsicherheit KW - Digitaler Brückenzwilling PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613013 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 218 EP - 223 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61301 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hüsken, Götz A1 - Jeyifous, Olubunmi Anthony A1 - Schönsee, Eric A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Beitrag zur Beurteilung der Wiederholbarkeit additiv gedruckter Betonbauteile N2 - Die additive Fertigung von Betonbauteilen, auch bekannt als 3D-Betondruck, ist eine Technologie, die im letzten Jahrzehnt aufgrund ihrer finanziellen und ökologischen Vorteile als nachhaltige Fertigungstechnologie viel Aufmerksamkeit erhalten hat. Obwohl die Vorteile der additiven Fertigung bereits durch zahlreiche Forschungs- und Demonstrationsprojekte gezeigt wurden, ist die Qualitätskontrolle während des Druckens äußerst anspruchsvoll und wird auch aufgrund fehlender harmonisierter Normen kaum angewendet. Aufgrund des kontinuierlichen Mischprozesses beim 3D-Betondruck ist es unmöglich Schwankungen des Trockenmörtels oder des Wassergehalts auszuschließen. Daher ist eine einzelne Stichprobe nicht mehr repräsentativ für das gesamte Bauteil und ein während des Druckens in einer Schicht auftretender Fehler kann die Integrität der gesamten Struktur beeinträchtigen. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse eines als Fachwerkstruktur konzipierten Bogens, der unter vergleichbaren Randbedingungen mehrmals mit einem 3D-Betonextrusionsdrucker gedruckt wurde, vorgestellt. Jeder Bogen wurde auf seine mechanische Festigkeit und sein Tragverhalten geprüft. Die Ergebnisse der mechanischen Prüfungen der gedruckten Bögen werden mit Materialdaten aus klassischen Materialprüfungen verglichen und hinsichtlich ihrer statistischen Signifikanz diskutiert. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Additiv gedrucktes Betonbauteil KW - Beurteilung KW - Wiederholbarkeit PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613043 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 126 EP - 131 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61304 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Trattnig, H. A1 - Boehm, C. ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Spanndrahtbrüche und ihr digitaler akustischer Zwilling N2 - Die Planung eines Monitorings von Spanndrahtbrüchen mit Schallemissionsanalyse erfordert viel Erfahrung und setzt eine akustische Analyse der Spannbetonstruktur voraus. Eine akustische Simulation der Struktur unterstützt die Optimierung der Sensoranordnung und erhöht die Zuverlässigkeit der Drahtbrucherkennung durch die Fusion von Simulations- und Messergebnissen in einer Datenbank. Künftig können Baulastträger und Monitoringanbieter von standardisierten – FAIR-en – akustischen Daten profitieren. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Spanndrahtbruch KW - Digitaler akustischer Zwilling PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613038 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 224 EP - 229 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61303 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stohl, Leonie A1 - Cook, Jake A1 - von Werder, Julia ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Bioreceptive concrete surfaces: Understanding material-biology interactions for façade greening N2 - The climate crisis has led to a growing demand for environmentally oriented approaches in the construction industry, including not only eco-friendly materials, but also the greening of urban spaces. Microbial facade greening with algae is a novel concept based on the inherent bioreceptive properties of different building materials. This study focuses on the influence of physical material properties on biofilm formation. Differently textured samples from the same UHPC mix were produced and their roughness and water absorption documented. The samples were then weathered under laboratory conditions to observe material-algae interactions. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Bioreceptive KW - Material-biology Interaction KW - Façade greening PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613096 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 153 EP - 158 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61309 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Kühnel, Alena A1 - Fladt, Matthias A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Dauerhaftigkeit von Betonfahrbahndecken im deutschen Bundesautobahnnetz N2 - Die Dauerhaftigkeit der Betondecke und deren Oberflächentexturierung bestimmen maßgebend das Ge-brauchsverhalten von Betonfahrbahnen. Der Beitrag zeigt die Leistungsfähigkeit der Innenhydrophobierung als neuartige AKR-Vermeidungsstrategie zur Sicherstellung der geplanten, normativen Nutzungsdauer, auch unter Verwendung grenzwertig alkaliempfindlicher Gesteinskörnungen, auf. Zusätzlich wird eine neuartige Prüfmethodik zur in situ Verfolgung der 3D-Texturveränderungen auf einem erneuerten BAB-Abschnitt mit Grindingtextur vorgestellt. Diese beeinflussen maßgebend die Griffigkeit und die Reifen-Fahrbahn-Geräusche. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Betonfahrbahnen KW - Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion KW - Innenhydrophobierung PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613184 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 232 EP - 243 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61318 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Christoph A1 - Weigel, Sandra A1 - Hoppe, Johannes ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Dauerhafte Funktionsfähigkeit von Bauwerksfugen - Das performance concept in der Abdichtungstechnik von Betonfahrbahnen N2 - Verlässliche Funktionsfähigkeit und planbare Lebensdauerzyklen sind entscheidend für die Weiterentwicklung der Betonbauweise im Straßenbau. Aus Forschungsergebnissen zur Fugenproblematik in hochbeanspruchten Betonfahrbahnen unter Diskussion regelungsspezifischer Erfordernisse erfolgt ein Plädoyer für eine funktionsanalytische Untersuchung von Fugensystemen. Mit aktuellen Projekten werden die Datengrundlage zu maßgebenden Einwirkungen und eine innovative versuchstechnische Infrastruktur als methodische Voraussetzungen zur Erhöhung zuverlässiger Funktionsfähigkeit von Bauwerksfugen bereitgestellt. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Betonfahrbahnen KW - Bauwerksfugen KW - Abdichtungstechnik von Betonfahrbahnen KW - SensoJointField KW - INFUKON PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613207 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 244 EP - 252 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61320 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weigel, Sandra A1 - Recknagel, Christoph ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Ein Ausblick: Alternative Bindemittel für bitumenhaltige Materialien N2 - Im Straßen- und Ingenieurbau sind neben dem Baustoff Beton auch bitumenhaltige Materialien in Flächenab-dichtungen, Dehnfugenkonstruktionen und Asphaltbelägen von entscheidender Bedeutung. Die bestehende Erdölabhängigkeit dieser Materialien fordert jedoch ein dringendes Umdenken, wobei langfristig die Substitu-tion des Bitumens durch nachhaltige, biobasierte Alternativmaterialien angestrebt werden sollte. Durch eine partielle Substitution wäre zudem bereits kurz- bis mittelfristig eine Reduzierung der Erdölabhängigkeit mög-lich, wobei sich z.B. Rückstände der Mikroalgenaufbereitung oder Lignin als Substitutionsprodukte eignen. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Alternative KW - Bindemittel KW - Bitumenhaltige Materialien PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613138 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 167 EP - 174 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61313 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pittrich, Tim A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig A1 - Weise, Frank ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Tunnelbrand – Abplatzverhalten von normalfesten Betonen mit verschiedenen klinkereffizienten Zementen N2 - Zur Verminderung der CO2-Emissionen der Bauindustrie gewinnen klinkereffiziente Zemente immer mehr an Bedeutung und werden vermehrt in Ingenieurbauwerken eingesetzt. Das brandinduzierte Abplatzverhalten von Betonen mit diesen Zementen ist allerdings nur bedingt bekannt und ist u.a. im Tunnelbau von hoher Bedeutung. Im Zuge dessen, wurden normalfeste Betone mit vier verschiedenen Zementen (CEM I, CEM II/A-LL, CEM III/A und CEM II/B-Q) auf ihr brandinduziertes Abplatzverhalten untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Betone mit klinkereffizienten Zementen zu stärkeren Abplatzungen neigen. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Verminderung CO2-Emissionen KW - Brandinduziertes Abplatzverhalten KW - Klinkereffiziente Zemente PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613215 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 253 EP - 262 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61321 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bednarska, Dalia A1 - von Werder, Julia ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Modification of clay-based materials with a novel geopolymer: potential application towards water-resistance N2 - Earth is probably the most eco-friendly building material. However, since earthen materials dissolve in water easily their application is limited. The presented manuscript aims to verify the usefulness of a one-part geo- polymer developed at BAM as a stabilizing agent for earthen mortars. The experimental study encompasses water-resistance, compressive strength, linear shrinkage, water vapour permeability and microstructural anal- ysis of the reference and the modified earthen plaster. The presented results show that the modification visibly affects the properties of the initial material providing its water-resistance. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Clay-based materials KW - Water-resistance KW - Novel geopolymer PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613150 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 94 EP - 101 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61315 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Pitters, S. A1 - Wedel, F. A1 - Hindersmann, I. T1 - Developing a guideline for structural health monitoring of road bridges in Germany N2 - In recent years, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has become a useful and increasingly widely used tool for supporting lifetime extensions of existing bridges with known structural deficiencies or indications of potentially critical damages or damage processes. At the same time, methods and tools are emerging, which enable monitoring-informed predictive maintenance of new and existing bridges based on digital twins. The monitoring process – starting from the definition of monitoring actions and ending with decisions based on monitoring outcomes – is complex and requires expertise in structural engineering, operation and maintenance of bridges, metrology, and data analytics. To support German road authorities, engineering consultancies, building contractors and other stakeholders of the bridge management, the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) has initiated the development of a new guideline for applying SHM as part of the management of road bridges. The guideline will present various use cases and for each identified use case, it will propose a proven monitoring scheme. In addition, the guideline will provide guidance on assessing the benefits of SHM as well as a common approach to managing monitoring data as a systematic basis for integrating monitoring data in the bridge management. This contribution discusses the motivation, objectives, and scope of the guideline, describes its use case centric structure and outlines the proposed data management. T2 - IABMAS 2024 CY - Kopenhagen, Danmark DA - 24.06.2024 KW - Guideline KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Road bridges KW - Infrastructure PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613947 SN - 978-1-032-77040-6 DO - https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003483755-236 SP - 2009 EP - 2017 PB - CRC Press AN - OPUS4-61394 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neugum, Tim A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig A1 - Häßler, Dustin A1 - Hothan, Sascha A1 - Zehfuß, J. ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Feuerwiderstand gezwängter Stahlbetonstützen N2 - Bei realen Brandereignissen stellen sich in der Regel mechanische und thermische Randbedingungen ein, die deutlich von denen in präskriptiven, bauteilorientierten Brandprüfungen abweichen. Beispielsweise werden Interaktionen der brandbeanspruchten Bauteile mit dem umgebenden Tragwerk und daraus resultierende Zwangsbeanspruchungen bei konventionellen Brandprüfungen nicht berücksichtigt. Mit Hilfe der Substrukturtechnik kann das Verhalten einer Stütze im Brandfall unter Berücksichtigung der Interaktion mit dem umgebenden Tragwerk untersucht werden. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Brandprüfungen KW - Substrukturtechnik KW - Zwangsbeanspruchungen KW - Brandbeanspruchung PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613249 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 270 EP - 277 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61324 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Thiele, Marc A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Degener, Sebastian A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Loewe, Anna ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Monitoring an Türmen von Onshore Windenergieanlagen in Betonbauweise im Hinblick auf Ermüdung N2 - Der Beitrag stellt das Messkonzept sowie dessen Umsetzung für ein umfassendes Monitoringsystem an einer onshore Windenergieanlage mit einem Hybridturm vor. Dieses ist Bestandteil des Forschungsvorhabens Win-ConFat – Structure, welches neben der Validierung geeigneter Sensorik auch die Bewertung des Zustands und der möglichen Restlebensdauer der ermüdungsbeanspruchten Betonstruktur zum Ziel hat. Neben dem Monitoringsystem werden erste Messergebnisse aus den Betriebsdaten sowie vom Verhalten der Turmstruktur vorgestellt. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Monitoring KW - Windenergieanlage und Hybridturm KW - Ermüdung KW - WinConFat – Structure PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613276 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 286 EP - 293 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61327 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hering, Marcus A1 - Fiedler, Georg A1 - Schubert, T. A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Hüsken, Götz A1 - Beckmann, B. ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Großmaßstäbliche Impaktversuche mit Stahlbetonplatten – Konzeptionierung und Vorbereitung N2 - Seit 1977 ist der Flugzeugabsturz ein wesentliches Belastungsszenario bei der Auslegung von Kernkraftwerken. Zur Untersuchung dieses Szenarios wurden umfassende Studien durchgeführt, welche die Reaktion von Stahlbetonkonstruktionen unter Stoßbelastung analysieren. Da großmaßstäbliche Experimente teuer und aufwendig sind, gewinnen skalierte Versuche zunehmend an Bedeutung. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts der TU Dresden und der BAM wurden Grundlagen für skalierte Impaktversuche im großen Maßstab geschaffen, um die Übertragbarkeit vom Labor- auf Realmaßstab zu ermöglichen. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Fallturm KW - Impakt KW - Stahlbetonbauteile PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613257 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 278 EP - 285 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61325 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Deresse, N. E. A1 - Thiele, Marc A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Sarem, M. A1 - Francois, St. A1 - Verstrynge, E. T1 - Evaluation of Concrete Fatigue Damage with Elastic Wave-based Measurement Techniques N2 - The fatigue damage evolution and the fatigue life of quasi-brittle materials such as concrete are not yet completely understood. Accordingly to get better insights, researchers have recently been incorporating advanced measuring techniques in their fatigue experiments. In this research, acoustic emission techniques (AET), active ultrasonic, and deformation measurements are used to track the damage evolution of concrete samples subjected to fatigue loading. The samples are subjected to constant amplitude and stepwise fatigue loading in Brazilian splitting test set-ups. Initially, a good agreement is observed between the deformation and the ultrasonic measurements in capturing the crack propagation during Brazilian splitting tests. The three fatigue damage phases could be identified with all of the three techniques. The Phase II damage rates quantified by deformation measurements and AET in stepwise fatigue tests were used to predict the number of cycles to failure at various stress levels. The predictions were validated using the number of cycles to failure of the constant amplitude fatigue tests. T2 - 36th Conference of the European Working Group on Acoustic Emission CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 18.09.2024 KW - Concrete KW - Acoustic emission KW - Ultrasonic testing KW - Fatigue PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-615677 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/30228 SN - 1435-4934 VL - 29 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-61567 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig A1 - Eiz Eddin, Ahmad A1 - Häßler, Dustin A1 - Hothan, Sascha ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Zum Feuerwiderstand von filigranen Deckenelementen aus vorgespanntem Carbonbeton N2 - Der Einsatz von hoch zugbeanspruchbarem und korrosionsbeständigem Carbongelege anstelle herkömmlichen Spannstahls ermöglicht es Beton vorzuspannen und gleichzeitig die Betondeckung auf ein für den Verbund nötiges Minimum zu reduzieren. Der Wechsel von massiven zu filigranen Bauteilen führt in der Regel aufgrund der geringeren thermischen Masse zu einer Abnahme des Feuerwiderstandes. Der Beitrag stellt Versuchsergebnisse zum Abplatzverhalten von Carbonbeton vor, die im Rahmen des Verbundvorhabens „Vorgespannte Carbonbetondecken mit reduzierten Querschnitten“ (CaPreFloor) erzielt wurden. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Feuerwiderstand KW - Carbonbeton KW - Abplatzverhalten KW - CaPreFloor PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613221 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 263 EP - 269 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61322 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönsee, Eric A1 - Jeyifous, Olubunmi Anthony A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Hüsken, Götz T1 - Investigations on multi-sensor data for monitoring volume flow during the printing process N2 - Extrusion based 3D concrete printing (3DCP) is a growing technology because of its high potential for automating construction and the new possibilities of design. In conventional construction methods, a sample is taken to be representative for one material batch. However, in 3DCP continuous mixing is used which results in variations during the mixing process. Therefore, one sample is not representative for the entire structure. This leads to the necessity of continuous and real-time process monitoring. This study focuses on the variations of pressure and temperature which are caused by changes in the material due to the ongoing mixing process. Changes in material, which is transported downstream, are influencing sensor signals in different positions with a time delay. In the following, the data is analysed to investigate if the changing material and the so caused change in pressure can be used to calculate volume flow. T2 - Digital Concrete 2024 CY - Munich, Germany DA - 04.09.2024 KW - Additive manufacturing KW - In-line Monitoring KW - Volume Flow KW - Process Control PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:084-2024081513042 DO - https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202408151304-0 SP - 1 EP - 3 AN - OPUS4-61001 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Thiele, Marc A1 - Löhr, Manuel A1 - Loewe, Anna A1 - Degener, Sebastian A1 - Herrmann, Ralf T1 - Acoustic emission for monitoring of fatigue damage in concrete elements of wind turbine towers N2 - Wind energy has become an important player in the energy transition in Germany. Towers of onshore wind turbines are often designed as hybrid structures: the lower part is made of prestressed concrete whereas the upper part is made of steel tubes. The tall structures are permanently subjected to cyclic loads. A research project of BAM as part of the joint project WinConFat - Structure focusses on the evelopment of techniques to monitor fatigue damage evolution in the concrete part. Results of a previous project show that a combination of ultrasonic and acoustic emission testing can give an indication for critical conditions near the end of the fatigue life of the concrete. In the ongoing project acoustic emission sensors have been installed at the base and at the transition piece between concrete and steel of a hybrid wind turbine tower. Beside of acoustic emission measurement the sensor spacing allows for measuring the concrete ultrasonic velocity along the circumference in both levels. Additional measurements like strain, temperature, inclination, or acceleration allow for comparison of environmental loads and change of acoustic properties of the concrete. The paper focusses on first acoustic measurements recorded since December 2023 in comparison to operating data of the wind turbine. T2 - EWGAE2024: 36th Conference of the European Working Group on Acoustic Emission CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 18.09.2024 KW - Concrete fatigue monitoring KW - Acoustic emission KW - Ultrasound KW - Hybrid wind turbine tower PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612197 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/30234 SN - 1435-4934 VL - 29 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-61219 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Munsch, Sarah Mandy A1 - Klewe, Tim A1 - Schumacher, K. A1 - Telong, Melissa A1 - Grobla, Lili A1 - Völker, C. A1 - Yared, K. A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Anwendung von KI für die Materialoptimierung im Bauwesen N2 - Diese Arbeit untersucht den Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Materialentwicklung für Beton, mit einem Fokus auf Karbonatisierungswiderstand, CO₂-Reduktion und Kostenoptimierung. Das KI-Tool SLAMD, das auf inverses Materialdesign setzt, konnte in Studien die Entwicklungszeit für Betonmischungen um bis zu 80 % verkürzen. Durch die Integration zusätzlicher 1H-Kernspinresonanz-Daten wurde der Prozess um weitere 40 % beschleunigt. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass der Einsatz von KI die Effizienz und Nachhaltigkeit in der Materialentwicklung signifikant steigern kann. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) KW - Materialoptimierung KW - Bauwesen PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612949 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 192 EP - 200 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61294 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Unger, Jörg F. A1 - Tamsen, Erik A1 - Agrawal, A. A1 - Koutsourelakis, P.-S. ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Von Messdaten zum optimierten Bauteil durch Kombination von Material- und Strukturdesign N2 - Die Entwicklung eines optimierten Designs für Bauwerke erfordert die Berücksichtigung sowohl des Materials als auch des Strukturdesigns. Ziel des Beitrages ist die Vorstellung eines Designprinzips basierend auf automatisierten Workflows, das am Beispiel eines Biegebalkendesign zur Reduzierung des Treibhauspotenzials vorgestellt wird. Eine ganzheitliche Optimierung berücksichtigt Material- und Strukturdesign. Es werden physikalische Modelle mit Ansätzen aus dem maschinellen Lernen kombiniert, die mit experimentellen Daten kalibriert bzw. trainiert werden. Eine besondere Bedeutung hat dabei die Berücksichtigung von Unsicherheiten. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Materialdesign KW - Strukturdesign PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613003 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 209 EP - 217 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61300 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Telong, Melissa A1 - Zoriyatkha, Aida A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Meng, Birgit ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Beton-Datenmanagement anhand von wissensbasierten Datenstrukturen unter Nutzung von Ontologien und Wissensgraphen N2 - Im Rahmen der Entwicklung von Betonrezepturen, bei der Betonherstellung und während der Nutzungsphase im Bauwerk, wird eine Vielzahl von Materialdaten generiert. LeBeDigital (Lebenszyklus von Beton - Ontologie- Entwicklung für die Prozesskette der Betonherstellung) ist ein Verbundprojekt innerhalb der Initiative Plattform Material Digital. Das Projekt zielt darauf ab, eine Struktur für Betonmaterialdatenbanken zu entwickeln, die dem FAIR-Prinzip folgt und sowohl praxisnah als auch flexibel genug ist, um zukünftige Entwicklungen in der Betonforschung und -produktion zu unterstützen. Ontologien stellen ein geeignetes Werkzeug zur Generierung von Wissensgraphen dar, um Workflows zur automatisierten Datenerfassung und zur semantischen Datenabfrage zu gestalten. Daher ist die Erarbeitung betonspezifischer Ontologien zentraler Bestandteil des Verbundprojektes, das dazu beitragen will, die Vorrausetzungen für eine Teilhabe der Betonbranche am digitalen Wandel im Bereich der Materialforschung zu sichern. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Beton-Datenmanagement PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612984 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 201 EP - 208 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61298 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Pitters, S. A1 - Ramasetti, Eshwar Kumar A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Wedel, F. A1 - Hindersmann, I. ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Föderiertes Datenmanagement von Monitoringdaten aus Structural Health Monitoring Anwendungen und daraus gewonnenen Trainingsdaten bei Spannbetonbrücken N2 - Beim Structural Health Monitoring entstehen eine Vielzahl von Daten, Metadaten und Modellen mit hohem Wert für die Beurteilung des Bauwerkszustands und der Prognose von Veränderungen. Kontinuierlich anwachsende Datenbestände müssen nachhaltig geteilt, genutzt und über die Bauwerkslebensdauer archiviert werden. Dabei stellen die Vielfalt der Messaufgaben, die Heterogenität der Daten, die dezentrale Erfassung und z. T. der Umfang eine Herausforderung für die beteiligten Akteure dar. Für den Datentransfer der Monitoringdaten zwischen der Straßenbauverwaltung und den Monitoringausführenden wird ein flexibles Abstimmungsverfahren vorgeschlagen und ein Lösungskonzept für ein föderiertes Datenmanagement skizziert. Eine weitere Herausforderung stellt die bauwerksübergreifende Zusammenstellung von Trainingsdaten für konkrete KI-Anwendungen dar. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Structural Health Monitoring PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612902 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 178 EP - 185 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61290 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Pitters, S. A1 - Hindersmann, I. A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Wedel, F. ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Leitfaden für den strategischen Einsatz von Monitoring an Straßenbrücken N2 - Für die Anwendung von Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) im Rahmen des Managements von Straßenbrü-cken wurde zur Unterstützung von Straßenbauverwaltungen, Ingenieurbüros, Bauunternehmen und weiteren Akteuren die Erstellung eines Leitfadens initiiert. Dieser Leitfaden stellt typische Anwendungsfälle für Monito-ring vor und schlägt für diese bewährte Herangehensweisen vor. Darüber hinaus bietet der Leitfaden Empfeh-lungen für Ausschreibung und Vergabe von Monitoringleistungen, eine Anleitung zur Bewertung des wirt-schaftlichen Nutzens von SHM, Hinweise zur optimal einsetzbaren Messtechnik sowie einen Ansatz für das Datenmanagement zur Integration der Monitoringdaten in das Brückenmanagement. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Leitfaden KW - Monitoring KW - Straßenbrücke PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612931 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 186 EP - 191 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61293 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wiehle, Philipp A1 - Härder, M. A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph T1 - Moisture behaviour of earth block masonry under natural climate conditions – experimental and numerical studies N2 - The compressive stength of unstabilised earth masonry depends on the moisture content. Knowledge of the moisture content is necessary in order to be able to account for the impact of moisture on the structural design of earth block masonry. For conventional building materials it is possible to precisely forecast the component moisture according to the layered structure on the basis of hygrothermal simulations. However , it is still not clear to what degree these numerical calculations can offer valid results for earth building materials. Earth building materials have a number of special properties related to moisture storage and moisture transport that differ significantly from the physical simplifications that are a component of existing material models. The swelling and shrinking of earth materials and their organic components results in changes to the pore space, the sorption behaviour exhibits a clear hysteresis, and the experimental determination of hygrothermal parameters in continuous contact with liquid water is almost impossible. To adequately forecast the moisture content of earth block masonry under natural climate conditions, extensive investigations of the moisture behaviour of load-bearing earth block masonry have been carried out within the framework of this project. These efforts began with the performance of magnetic resonance spectroscopic tests on two load-bearing earth blocks, in order to quantify the adsorption and desorption processes at relative humidities of between 50 % and 90 % under controlled, isothermal laboratory conditions. Once this had been done, a modified test setup was used to determine the water absorption coefficient , from which the liquid transport coefficients were derived. Based on the hygrothermal parameters values that were thus determined, the model was calibrated using the WUFI software program [7]. Finally, long-term moisture measurements were conducted on an earth block masonry wall that was ex-Increasing shortages of raw materials and rising energy prices are resulting in continuous growth in the demand for earth construction. In comparison to conventional building materials, earth building materials offer three significant advantages that have become even more important in light of the energy crisis in 2021 and the associated increase in the price of building supplies by approx. 40 percent [1]. Firstly, water solubility makes it possible to fully separate and recover all of the material components, and in particular the sand component. Secondly, energy-intensive firing processes, such as those required for cement production or brick manufacture, are eliminated. And thirdly, earth is a local raw material that is available in large quantities [1]. However, the load-bearing capacity of earth building materials is very much dependent on the moisture content. An increase in the relative humidity results in a reduction in the clay mineral cohesion , and this in turn results in a decline in both the compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity. In this regard, the mechanical properties of earth block masonry change in inverse proportion to the relative humidity. In other words, with every percentage point increase in relative humidity, both the compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity decline by one percent [2] [4]. The internal walls of heated living areas are generally only subject to relatively small fluctuations in relative humidity (between 40 % and 60 %) [5], and short periods in excess of these levels (such as in bathrooms or kitchens) only lead to a significant increase in the moisture content of the uppermost layers [6]. Exterior walls, on the other hand, are subject to large seasonal fluctuations in temperate climates, with a relative humidity in excess of 90 % in winter months. However, the exterior walls of heated living areas must be insulated in accordance with the German Buildings Energy Act (GEG), and with masonry this is generally done us T2 - LEHM 2024 – 9. Internationale Fachtagung für Lehmbau CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 27.09.2024 KW - Earth stone KW - Masonry KW - Material moisture KW - Moisture monitoring KW - Hygrothermal simulations PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-61220 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schubert, T. A1 - Bracklow, F. A1 - Unger, N. A1 - Hering, Marcus A1 - Beckmann, B. T1 - Impact Tests on Reinforced Concrete Slabs – Variation in Results and Residual Load Bearing Capacity due to Hard Impact N2 - Structures such as concrete slabs and concrete barriers of critical infrastructure facilities must be able to withstand impact events or severe accidents. In particular, the structural safety of the confinements of nuclear power plants against a possible aircraft impact is essential to ensure the safety of inhabitants and environment. This article presents research results of hard impact on reinforced concrete slabs, which have been carried out at the Institute of Concrete Structures (IMB) at TUD Dresden University of Technology Technische Universität (TU Dresden). A specially designed drop tower is available for this purpose on the premises of the Otto Mohr Laboratory of TU Dresden. In the framework of a research project many reinforced concrete slabs of dimension 1.5 x 1.5 x 0.2 m³ were tested by hard impact. The investigation on some already carried out impact tests on reinforced concrete slabs intend to show the range of deviation of impact tests. In particular, the possible standard deviations that should be regarded in impact tests are estimated for the applied test setup. Furthermore, the residual structural capacity of an undamaged and damaged reinforced concrete slab has been investigated. T2 - Conference: 27th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT) CY - Yokohama, Japan DA - 04.03.2024 KW - Reinforced Concrete KW - Drop Tower KW - Hard Impact PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - IASMiRT CY - Yokohama, Japan AN - OPUS4-61915 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hüsken, Götz A1 - Jeyifous, Olubunmi Anthony A1 - Schönsee, Eric A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph T1 - An assessment of the repeatability of 3D printed concrete structures N2 - Additive manufacturing of concrete structures, also known as 3D concrete printing, is a technology that received a lot of attention over the past decade due to its financial an ecological advantage as sustainable construction technology. Although several techniques and approaches demonstrate these advantages, quality control during printing is highly challenging and rarely applied and harmonized standards are not existing. Due to the continuous mixing process used in 3D concrete printing, it is impossible to exclude variations in the dry mixture or water content, and a single test sample is insufficient to be representative for the whole structure. A defect in one layer during the printing can affect the entire integrity of the whole structure. This study shows the results of an arch designed as framework structure that was printed multiple times under the same boundary conditions using an extrusion-based 3D concrete printer. Each arch was tested for its mechanical strength and load bearing behavior. The results of the mechanical testing of the printed arches are compared with material data obtained by classical tests and discussed regarding their statistical significance. T2 - Digital Concrete 2024 CY - Munich, Germany DA - 04.09.2024 KW - 3D concrete printing KW - Repeatability KW - Monitoring KW - Process control KW - Quality control PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-611012 DO - https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202408150641-0 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - TU Braunschweig AN - OPUS4-61101 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig A1 - Eiz Eddin, Ahmad A1 - Häßler, Dustin A1 - Hothan, Sascha T1 - Zum Feuerwiderstand vorgespannter Carbonbetondecken N2 - Der Einsatz von hoch zugbeanspruchbarem und korrosionsbeständigem Carbongelege anstelle herkömmlichen Spannstahls ermöglicht es Beton vorzuspannen und gleichzeitig die Betondeckung auf ein für den Verbund nötiges Minimum zu reduzieren. Der Wechsel von massiven zu filigranen Bauteilen führt in der Regel aufgrund der geringeren thermischen Masse zu einer Abnahme des Feuerwiderstandes. Der Beitrag stellt Versuchsergebnisse zum Abplatz- und Hochtemperaturverhalten von Carbonbeton vor, die im Rahmen des Verbundvorhabens „Vorgespannte Carbonbetondecken mit reduzierten Querschnitten“ (CaPreFloor) erzielt wurden. Für die Untersuchung der Tragfähigkeit bei hohen Temperaturen wurden 4-Punktbiegeversuche mit instationärer Temperaturbeanspruchung an vorgespannten Carbonbetonplatten bei Variation des Carbongeleges und des Vorspanngrades durchgeführt. Ferner erfolgte die Analyse der Abplatzneigung an bewehrten und unbewehrten Bauteilen mittels Brandversuchen unter Einheits-Temperaturzeitkurve. T2 - 16. Carbonbetontage 2024 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 24.09.2024 KW - Carbonbeton KW - Feuerwiderstand KW - Abplatzverhalten PY - 2024 SP - 56 EP - 57 AN - OPUS4-62430 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lozano, Daniel A1 - Bulling, Jannis T1 - The SBFEM to simulate the scattering of ultrasonic guided waves interacting with defects in 3D plate structures N2 - In the field of guided waves for non-destructive testing, the interaction of these waves with damages or other discontinuities in a structure is critical. When a guided wave mode travels and hits a defect, it scatters in all directions, converting to other modes and reflecting the existing one. These interactions are captured in scattered far field complex amplitudes and characterise the elastodynamic behaviour of a defect completely. Simulating these interactions is challenging, and analytical solutions only exist for simple geometries. Still, using general tools like the finite element method results in large, usually costly models. We employ a method based on a numerical implementation of the Kirchhoff–Helmholtz integral that allows the computation of the scattering matrices using a model containing only the damaged region. However, classical techniques to resolve the far field and low-order elements are commonly used, leading to large models yet more efficient than using other strategies.We propose using the SBFEM as an alternative to enhance the computation of the far field scattering. The damaged region is discretised using high-order polyhedral elements, while the far field is constructed using a modified version of the SBFEM. Examples compared to the literature demonstrate the validity of the approach. T2 - DAGA 2024 - 50. Jahrestagung für Akustik CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 18.03.2024 KW - Simulations KW - Guided waves KW - SBFEM PY - 2024 SP - 636 EP - 639 CY - Hannover AN - OPUS4-62713 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pittrich, Tim A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig A1 - Weise, Frank T1 - Fire-induced spalling of normal strength concrete with different types of blended Portland cement N2 - The cement industry is looking to reduce its overall CO2 footprint. Greener manufacturing can be achieved by the introduction of more clinker-reduced cements. Concrete exposed to fire tends to show explosive spalling caused by thermomechanical and thermohydraulic processes. It is therefore essential to determine how concretes with clinker-reduced cements behave under fire exposure, especially for concretes containing calcined clays, as these are expected to be the supplementary cementitious material of the future. In this paper, normal strength concretes with four different cements (CEM I, CEM II/A-LL, CEM III/A and CEM II/B-Q) were examined for their fire-induced spalling behaviour. In addition, a mix with PP fibres was investigated for each concrete. The experiments were conducted on ring-restrained cylindrical specimens exposed to the hydrocarbon fire curve. The results showed that the cement type influences spalling behaviour. Samples with CEM I spalled the least, followed by CEM II/A-LL and CEM III/A. Finally, samples with CEM II/B-Q showed the most severe damage. It was found that the spalling behaviour of different concretes correlates with the moisture content before exposure to fire, meaning that higher moisture content leads to higher spalling susceptibility. The use of 2 kg/m³ PP fibres completely inhibited spalling regardless of the cement type used and therefore remains a successful avoidance strategy. T2 - Structures in Fire 2024 CY - Coimbra, Portugal DA - 19.06.2024 KW - Fire-induced concrete spalling KW - Concrete KW - Blended Portland cement KW - SCM KW - PP-fibres PY - 2024 SN - 978-989-35292-2-5 DO - https://doi.org/10.30779/cmm_SIF24 VL - 1st Edition SP - 461 EP - 471 AN - OPUS4-60809 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dombrowski, M. A1 - Hückler, A. A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig A1 - Häßler, Dustin A1 - Heidemann, L. A1 - Reinhold, S. A1 - Zeitler, B. A1 - Früke, J. A1 - Lenz, T. A1 - Theuerkauf, H. A1 - Söll, S. A1 - Reyher, B. A1 - Schlaich, M. T1 - Innovative lightweight floors made of prestressed CFRP-reinforced concrete – from research to construction practice N2 - The presented joint research project “CaPreFloor”, which started in 2023, aims to employ prestressed textile-reinforced concrete using carbonfibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) to design lightweight floor elements. This allows the reduction of common steel-reinforced concrete floors of 30 cm thickness to a maximum of 6 cm for office, residential, and hotel buildings. Lower material consumption significantly contributes to the conservation of resources and minimises the carbon footprint. In addition, the prefabrication of these floor elements results in high and consistent quality, short construction times and enhanced reusability of the components. A team of experts from various research and practice fields works on this project to achieve the set goal. Currently, open questions include the anchorage and load transfer of the prestressed CFRP reinforcement, structural failure indication, the behaviour of CFRP reinforcement and high-performance concrete at elevated temperatures, as well as fire resistance and sound insulation. As a result, an extensive test programme on different size scales will be conducted. Practical aspects, such as design, field of application and life cycle, as well as the development of an automated production plant, are also considered. The paper will present considerations related to the geometry and design, material selection, manufacturing, ecological footprint, and intended experimental test programme. Four different geometries and two different CFRP reinforcements are being examined. As a result, the developed floor must fulfil all practical requirements in building construction. T2 - XI International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Concrete (Befib 2024) CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 15.09.2024 KW - Lightweight floor system KW - Prestressed CFRP concrete KW - Fire resistance KW - Sound insulation PY - 2024 SP - 246 EP - 256 AN - OPUS4-62431 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Munsch, Sarah Mandy A1 - Telong, Melissa A1 - Grobla, Lili A1 - Schumacher, Katrin A1 - Völker, Christoph A1 - Yared, Kaleb A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine ED - Ferrara, Liberato ED - Muciaccia, Giovanni ED - di Summa, Davide T1 - Study on the Predictability of Carbonation Resistance of Cementitous Materials Based on NMR Features and the Use of SLAMD N2 - This study explores the acceleration of material design in the concrete industry, focusing on improving carbonation resistance, a key factor in the durability of concrete structures. Traditional tests for carbonation resistance are lengthy, but with the construction industry aiming for sustainable production, finding a balance between carbonation resistance and CO2 footprint is crucial. Our research employs two innovative methods: 1. Applying the Sequential Learning App for Materials Discovery (SLAMD), an AI materials design framework, to an extensive dataset of real-world concrete compositions to selectively test materials that meet market demands: maximum durability, optimal eco-durability, and the best cost-durability trade-off. 2. Investigating 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry as a quick alternative for characterizing carbonation behavior, as it saves time compared to traditional tests and assesses the complete material’s pore space. Specific NMR features are then integrated into the material design model, with the model’s performance compared against traditional approaches. The results of our study are compelling, demonstrating that materials can be precisely tailored to meet specific requirements with minimal data points. This marks a significant stride in the concrete industry, indicating thatNMR-based, lowfidelity surrogate characterizations, combined with a focused, data-driven design approach, can substantially accelerate the development of durable, sustainable concrete mixtures. T2 - 4 RILEM Spring Convention and Conference on advanced construction materials and processes for a carbon neutral society 2024 CY - Milano, Italy DA - 07.04.2024 KW - Nuclear magnetic resonance KW - carbonation resistance KW - cement and concrete KW - SLAMD app KW - predictability PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70281-5_49 VL - 2 SP - 435 EP - 442 PB - Springer CY - Cham, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-61692 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neugum, Tim A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig A1 - Häßler, Dustin A1 - Hothan, Sascha A1 - Zehfuß, J. T1 - Feuerwiderstand gezwängter Stahlbetonstützen N2 - Bei realen Brandereignissen stellen sich in der Regel mechanische und thermische Randbedingungen ein, die deutlich von denen in präskriptiven, bauteilorientierten Brandprüfungen abweichen. Beispielsweise werden Interaktionen der brandbeanspruchten Bauteile mit dem umgebenden Tragwerk und daraus resultierende Zwangsbeanspruchungen bei konventionellen Brandprüfungen nicht berücksichtigt. Mit Hilfe der Substrukturtechnik kann das Verhalten einer Stütze im Brandfall unter Berücksichtigung der Interaktion mit dem umgebenden Tragwerk untersucht werden. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Substrukturtechnik KW - Stahlbeton KW - Stützen KW - Zwang KW - Brandschutz PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 270 EP - 277 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61401 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neugum, Tim A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig A1 - Häßler, Dustin A1 - Hothan, Sascha A1 - Zehfuß, J. T1 - Anwendung der Substrukturtechnik zur Untersuchung des Feuerwiderstands von Stützen unter Zwang N2 - Bei realen Brandereignissen stellen sich in der Regel mechanische und thermische Randbedingungen ein, die deutlich von denen in präskriptiven, bauteilorientierten Brandprüfungen abweichen. Beispielsweise werden Interaktionen der brandbeanspruchten Bauteile mit dem umgebenden Tragwerk und daraus resultierende Zwangsbeanspruchungen bei konventionellen Brandprüfungen nicht berücksichtigt. Mit Hilfe der Substrukturtechnik kann das Verhalten einer Stütze im Brandfall unter Berücksichtigung der Interaktion mit dem umgebenden Tragwerk untersucht werden. T2 - Symposium Heißbemessung 2024 CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 24.09.2024 KW - Substrukturtechnik KW - Stahlbeton KW - Stützen KW - Zwang KW - Brandschutz PY - 2024 SP - 40 EP - 60 PB - TU Braunschweig CY - Braunschweig AN - OPUS4-61234 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gleim, Tobias A1 - Feldkamp, Martin A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Experimental and Numerical Analyses for the Evaluation of Heat Fluxes of a Fire Reference Test N2 - Packages for the transport of high-level radioactive material are designed to endure severe accidents. To obtain approval, these transport packages must adhere to the specification-based criteria of the IAEA SSR-6. To ensure compliance with these requirements, specific mechanical and thermal tests need to be appointed with respect to the package type. Typically, IAEA SSR-6 prescribes mechanical tests followed by a thermal fire test as part of a cumulative test sequence. To approve the fire test, BAM uses a reference package representing the original package in its outer geometry for characterizing the actual fire and its impact on the package. This serves a dual purpose: it allows the precise adjustment of experimental parameters for the package design to be approved, and it provides input parameters for thermomechanical simulations, cf. With the help of this methodology for characterizing boundary conditions of the package, temperature evolutions within the reference package can be studied in a Finite-Element Analyses (FEA). This helps to compare the experiments with the numerical simulations on the case of the reference package, but also serves at the same time for preliminary simulations with the package design to be approved. The thermal test consists of a 30-minute fully engulfing 800°C pool fire or an equally severe fire, e.g. a propane gas fire. The fire reference test is performed prior to the regulatory fire test with the package design to be approved. The fire reference package in the described case is a closed sheet 316L steel cylinder with a wall thickness of 10 mm, a length of 182 mm, and a diameter of 102 mm. The package was instrumented with thermocouples and filled with heat resistant insulating material. T2 - ASME PVP 2024 CY - Bellevue, WA, USA DA - 28.07.2024 KW - Reference Test KW - Experimental KW - Numerical KW - Heat Flux PY - 2024 SN - 978-0-7918-8851-3 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-60848 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Naster, Maximilian A1 - Gleim, Tobias A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Experimental and Numerical Analyses for the Evaluation of Hydrogen as an Energy Source for Thermal Testing of Transport Packages of Radioactive Material N2 - In this paper we present a new hydrogen-based test rig for an ongoing feasibility study of using hydrogen as an energy source for the thermal testing of transport packages containing radioactive materials. The test rig will be capable of combusting hydrogen for a wide range of different burner geometries, mass flows and if necessary hydrogen blends. As this type of fire test according to the IAEA boundary conditions does not yet exist, a large number of preliminary investigations, safety assessments and calculations must be carried out in order to develop a viable concept for hydrogen fires. In the first step of the feasibility study, the temperature, structure, and radiation of various hydrogen flames are surveyed. In future works, the results will make it possible to design burner frames that are suitable for fire reference tests in order to make comparisons with pool and propane fires used in assessment procedures today. In parallel comparative numerical simulations are conducted to model the thermal behaviour of hydrogen flames using the software package Ansys®. On the one hand, the numerical simulations support the experiments by providing an overview of numerous parameters and the measuring range; on the other hand, they will help with the design of the burner frame in future work. This paper gives an overview in the design and capabilities of the test rig. Furthermore, the results of the parameter studies show that burner geometry and mass flow provide a significant design margin for the thermal shape of the hydrogen flames. In addition, the results of the initial numerical calculations will be used to determine the necessary sensors, the positions, and their operating range. Only the optimal interaction allows a controlled system that permits user-defined hydrogen fires. T2 - PVP2024, Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference CY - Bellevue, Washington USA DA - 29.07.2024 KW - Hydrogen KW - Fire KW - Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) KW - IAEA fire test KW - Burner PY - 2024 SN - 978-0-7918-8851-3 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-60852 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Lars A1 - Scheidemann, Robert A1 - Neumeyer, Tino A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Tightness Verification Procedures of Welded Lids for Encapsulations for Damaged Spent Nuclear Fuel in the Design Approval Process of Dual-Purpose Cask (DPC) N2 - Damaged spent nuclear fuel (DSNF) can be loaded in Germany in dual-purpose casks (DPC) for transport and interim storage. Therefore, special encapsulations are needed to guarantee a safe handling and a reliable tight closure. These encapsulations must be durable and leak-tight for a possible long interim storage term and the transport thereafter. Because components inside the package containment like these special encapsulations are not accessible within periodical inspections of the DPC. Due to the general design of DPCs for standard fuel assemblies, specific requirements needed to be considered for the design of the special encapsulations for DSNF to ensure the loading in existing package designs. Especially the content of the encapsulations with damaged spent nuclear fuel must be avoided to enter in the inner space of the DPC, due to the possible higher amount of corrosive and radioactive material as well as greater quantities of water, which can be trapped in defect fuel rods. The main difference of the encapsulations for damaged spent nuclear fuel is that they have no replaceable sealing as tightness barrier. They have a specific welded lid. Therefor the tightness needs to be shown in the design approval process for all transport conditions especially for accident conditions, where high internal impact loads can occur. As German competent authority, BAM is responsible for the safety assessment of the mechanical and thermal design, the release of radioactive material and the quality assurance aspects of manufacturing and operation. Concerning the mechanical package design BAM carried out a comprehensive safety assessment for the specific encapsulations during the package design approval process of the commonly used DPC. For the proof of tightness of the welded lid no representative standards are available. For minor loads the German KTA standards can verify the tightness of a weld seam but only for low stresses. For higher impact loads physical tests are required. These tests were performed with representative drop tests and highly sensitive leak tests. The present paper gives an overview of the applied assessments by BAM and points out the main findings of the mechanical design for the welded sealing. Both verification procedures are described, on one hand with German standards for lower loads and on the other hand with physical tests for higher impact loads. The drop tests based on complex numerical pre-calculations by the applicant which result in optimized dimensions and properties of the test specimens and representative drop heights for the drop tests. The horizontal drop orientation with a plane-parallel impact on the unyielding basement was most challenging and led to specific adaptations during preparation and conduction of the drop tests performed by BAM. With leak tests and the corresponding test evaluation, it could be finally approved that the specific welded sealing of an encapsulations for DSNF is tight for all transport conditions. T2 - ASME PVP 2024 CY - Bellevue, WA, USA DA - 28.07.2024 KW - Tightness verification KW - Weld seams KW - Drop tests KW - Encapsulations for damaged spent nuclear fuel KW - Helium leak tests PY - 2024 SN - 978-0-7918-8851-3 SP - 1 EP - 10 CY - New York AN - OPUS4-61351 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Linnemann, Konrad A1 - Ramsay, Jeff A1 - Reiche, Ingo T1 - Transport of large nuclear power plant components – new SCO-III regulations and mechanical design assessment N2 - The decommissioning or refurbishment of nuclear facilities necessitates either the storage or disposal of large radioactive components such as steam generators, pressurizers, reactor pressure vessels and heads, and coolant pumps, to list the major contributors. These components or objects are large in size and mass, measuring up to approximately 6 meters in diameter, up to 20 meters in length, and weighing over 400 000 kg. In many situations, the components are transported off-site to a storage, disposal or recycling/treatment facility. Previously, many large objects had to be transported under special arrangement. The latest 2018 edition of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material, No. SSR-6, incorporates regulations for the shipment of contaminated, but not activated large objects as a new category of surface contaminated object, SCO-III, based on the IAEA “performance package” concept. This paper provides background and practical guidance on these regulations. Additionally, first experiences with SCO-III in the approval process are presented. For SCO-III components a mechanical assessment regarding the tests specified in the transport regulations SSR-6 for demonstrating ability to withstand normal conditions of transport is required - a free drop of the package onto an unyielding target and a penetration test have to be investigated. Large components are unique objects; therefore, it is not possible to choose experimental testing as assessment method. The application of a complex numerical analysis for mechanical proof is necessary. The assessment of the loads takes place based on local stress distributions. The large nuclear components have typically been transported in an unpackaged manner, so that the external shell of the component provides the containment wall. The paper will represent the methods, which are used for the evaluation of the mechanical integrity of the object for transport approval. T2 - PVP2024, Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference CY - Bellevue, Washington USA DA - 29.07.2024 KW - Transport KW - Radioaktive Stoffe KW - Rückbau kerntechnischer Anlagen KW - Gefahrgut PY - 2024 SN - 978-0-7918-8851-3 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-60829 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fürst, Richard A1 - Häßler, Dustin A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig A1 - Hothan, Sascha T1 - Development of an in situ test method to assess the fire resistance of steel members with applied intumes-cent coating N2 - Intumescent coatings are commonly used in civil engineering to improve the fire resistance of steel constructions. Exposed to fire, the intumescent coating reacts and forms a thermal protective char around the steel member. Thus, the heating of the steel is delayed, and a higher fire resistance can be achieved. Generally, the scope of application and the durability of intumescent coatings are described in national approvals or European Technical Assessment (ETA) documents. Due to environmental conditions, intumescent coatings are subjected to ageing effects, which can reduce their durability and thermal protection performance. Available in situ methods to investigate the performance of applied intumescent coatings, such as visual inspection, flame exposure testing, adhesive tensile tests or chemical analysis, are not fully conclusive. Therefore, in the civil engineering practice, there is an increasing demand to verify the fire resistance of existing steel structures with applied intumescent coatings necessary in several cases, e.g., the working life is exceeded, the visual appearance of the intumescent coating changed or the information about the applied product is missing. The research presented in the paper shows the progress of the ongoing research project "INSIST" at BAM [1], where a new in situ method is being developed to assess the actual fire resistance of existing steel structures with applied intumescent coating. The investigation is based on a development of the in situ test procedure and a mobile prototype furnace. T2 - 10th Symposium Structural Fire Engineering CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 24.09.2024 KW - In situ KW - Intumescent coating KW - Steel structures KW - Test procedure PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 15 AN - OPUS4-61275 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Stührenberg, Jan A1 - Tandon, Aditya A1 - Dragos, Kosmas A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Smarsly, Kay T1 - Investigation of long-term embedded RFID sensors for structural health monitoring N2 - Ensuring the health of civil engineering structures is crucial for the safety and longevity of the built environment. In this direction, structural health monitoring (SHM) has been increasingly employed, providing insight into the structural behavior, based on sensor data representing structural responses. This paper investigates the plausibility of embedding sensors into concrete structures for SHM, leveraging radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, in an attempt to enable the passive operation of sensors without continuous power supply and to reduce potential sources of interference. In contrast to conventional SHM sensors, the uninterrupted operation of embedded sensors must be ensured because post-installation interventions are either impractical or impossible. RFID technology enables wireless data acquisition and energy transmission without mechanical impact on civil engineering structures, although it may be challenging when RFID sensors are embedded in concrete. This study presents a durable passive embedded RFID sensor system (i.e., a system without batteries), including the selection of components, such as housing and cable materials, suitable for withstanding the aggressive environment of concrete without damaging the sensitive electronics or contaminating the data recorded by the sensors. The proposed sensor system is validated in laboratory tests, the results of which provide insights into the influence of each component and are intended to advance the implementation of embedded sensor systems. T2 - IEEE Sensors 2024 CY - Kobe, Japan DA - 20.10.2024 KW - Structural health monitoring KW - RFID-based sensors KW - Smart sensors KW - Embedded sensors PY - 2024 SN - 979-8-3503-6351-7 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS60989.2024.10785220 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-62162 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Patrick A1 - Baeßler, Matthias ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Temperatureinfluss auf Strukturmonitoring – Aktuelle Versuche N2 - Strukturmonitoring kann wertvolle Daten für die Zustandsbewertung und Schadensdetektion von Infrastrukturbauwerken liefern. Umgebungsbedingungen wie die Temperatur beeinflussen die Bauwerke und somit die Messdaten jedoch erheblich. Um Methoden für den Umgang mit Temperatureinflüssen zu entwickeln, wurden an der BAM Versuche an Stahlbeton- und Asphaltbalken unter kontrollierten Temperaturen von -40 °C bis 60 °C und definierten Schädigungen durchgeführt. Die Daten ermöglichen die Erforschung und Validierung neuer, auch unter Temperatureinfluss zuverlässiger Methoden des Strukturmonitorings. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Strukturmonitoring KW - Temperatureinfluss KW - Infrastrukturbauwerke KW - Stahlbeton- und Asphaltbalken PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613289 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 294 EP - 302 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61328 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weber, Mike A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Nieslony, Gregor T1 - Consequences of an imperfectly mounted reinforcement cage in a generical cylindrical concrete container during mechanical specimen tests N2 - By highest court decision in 2007 the issued license for the Konrad repository (a former iron ore mine) for low and intermediate level radioactive waste was finally confirmed. Since then, the site is improved, prepared and equipped for the currently planned start of waste package emplacement by 2029. The Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) is regularly contracted by the Bundesgesellschaft für Endlagerung (BGE, Federal Company for Radioactive Waste Disposal) as the responsible authority for waste product control, waste container design testing, and waste package acceptance. In this context BAM is mainly responsible for design testing of various container types including the evaluation quality assurance measures for container manufacturing. In the written Konrad disposal requirements all acceptance criteria for potential final disposal containers are defined. In addition to general requirements concerning container design, materials, dimensions and others, specific mechanical load scenarios the casks have to withstand are derived from an analysis of the on-site handling and emplacement procedures. Drop tests from different heights under consideration of the most damaging drop orientation and a stacking test are two examples for safety demonstrations that have to be performed during the container design testing procedure to qualify the respective container type. The containers, whether cubic or cylindrical containers, can be made from different materials like ductile cast iron, reinforced concrete or as welded construction from steel plates and profiles. In case of concrete containers the reinforcement has the function to absorb tensile forces the concrete is not able to withstand by its own. Because of manufacturing imperfections of cylindrical concrete waste containers manufactured already decades ago, the reinforcement cages are not always exactly, axisymmetrically positioned when they were poured. This inspired BAM to perform various ABAQUS finite-element (FE) simulations by using the example of a simplified cylindrical container design with generic dimensions and pure elastic material properties. As outcome the stress conditions in the container during the drop test impact under different drop positions and during the stacking test were investigated and are explained and illustrated in this contribution. Different reinforcement cage positions were calculated and compared. On the basis of the calculated tensile and compressive stress distributions suggestions are derived on how a cylindrical concrete container with an imperfectly placed reinforcement cage has to be oriented for a drop or stacking test to ensure the most damaging test scenario. T2 - ASME 2024 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference CY - Bellevue, Washington, USA DA - 28.07.2024 KW - Container design testing procedure KW - Reinforced concrete containers KW - Drop test KW - Stacking test KW - Imperfectly mounted reinforcement cage KW - Finite-element-analysis PY - 2024 SN - 978-0-7918-8851-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2024-123797 VL - 5 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - ASME CY - New York City, USA AN - OPUS4-62558 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Geburtig, Anja T1 - Digitale Umweltsimulation am Beispiel der Photooxidation von Polymeren N2 - Die Umweltwirkungen auf ein Material werden als Überlapp der Funktionskurven von Materialempfindlichkeit und einwirkenden Umweltparametern betrachtet. Wenn entweder die Empfindlichkeit oder die Beanspruchungen Null sind, ergibt sich auch keine Umweltwirkung und bei beidseitig Werten größer Null das jeweilige Produkt der beiden. Die Akkumulation der nicht-reversiblen Effekte über die Zeit und allen Eigenschaftsänderungen entspricht der Alterung des Materials für den jeweiligen Expositionszeitraum. Die digitale Umweltsimulation gliedert sich hier in drei Teilaspekte. Ein erster, rein materialwissenschaftlicher Teil hat die Aufgabe, alle relevanten Materialempfindlichkeiten experimentell zu quantifizieren. Ein zweiter – unter Umständen numerischer Teil – hat die Aufgabe, das Bauteil und seine Einbaulage zu digitalisieren und aus den makroskopischen Umgebungsbedingungen die relevanten mikroklimatischen Umweltparameter für alle Oberflächen- oder Volumenelemente zu bestimmen. In einem dritten Teil werden die Einwirkungen über den betrachteten Zeitraum berechnet und kumuliert. Dieses Konzept, das auf den so genannten Expositions-Reaktions-Funktionen (ERF) basiert, wird an Beispielen der Photoxidation erläutert. Dieses Vorgehen wurde schon beim ViPQuali-Projekt als Numerische Umweltsimulation umgesetzt. Überprüft werden muss das Modell unbedingt an einer realitätsnahen Validierungsbeanspruchung. Hier werden die ermittelten ERFs mit über den kompletten Beanspruchungszeitraum geloggten Umweltparametern gekoppelt, um die berechnete mit der experimentell erfahrenen Alterungswirkung zu vergleichen. Nur so kann sichergestellt sein, dass alle für die Anwendungsumgebung relevanten Materialempfindlichkeiten einbezogen wurden. T2 - 52. Jahrestagung der GUS CY - Stutensee-Blankenloch, Germany DA - 26.03.2024 KW - UV KW - Polymer 3R KW - Bewitterung KW - Bestrahlung PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-9826129-0-4 SP - 31 EP - 40 PB - Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation e.V. CY - Pfinztal (Berghausen) AN - OPUS4-59830 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heimann, Jan A1 - Charmi, Amir A1 - Karapanagiotis, Christos A1 - Hashemi, Seyedreza A1 - Prager, Jens T1 - How structural health monitoring can be embedded in a digital quality infrastructure: an example. N2 - The digital Quality Infrastructure (QI) initiative “QI-Digital” in Germany is focusing on implementing new technologies and approaches to ensure that the task of quality assurance is more efficient and ready for the digital and green transformation of the economy. The implementation of quality control key elements, such as Smart Standards, Digital Certificates and QI-cloud solutions shall contribute to solving the socio-economic, ecological, and technological challenges of our time. Hydrogen is a key energy carrier and has the potential to play a significant role in the energy transition, especially in mobility. An essential factor for the broad acceptance of hydrogen-based mobility is the availability of refueling stations that operate reliably and safely. Using the example of a Hydrogen Refueling Station (HRS) built within the QI-Digital initiative, the Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing (BAM) aims to establish a real laboratory where modern measurement techniques and new digital methods are implemented to enhance operational safety, availability, and economic efficiency and render the technology more attractive for the industry. In this work, we present an approach to establish a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system on a high-pressure buffer inside HRS and show how it could be embedded into a digital QI. The high-pressure buffers are essential components of the plant which are currently inspected periodically without regard to their operating history. Focusing on the transition to a continuous and digitally supported monitoring of the component’s integrity during operation the novel inspection scheme will be linked to a completely digitalized component-related documentation and tested using digital certificates. This allows the operational safety and, if necessary, the remaining useful lifetime to be assessed on an ongoing basis and to be a valuable contribution to increasing sustainability. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Quality infrastructure KW - Digital transformation KW - Reliability KW - Quality control KW - Industry 4.0 PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-607109 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29769 SN - 1435-4934 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-60710 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wiehle, Philipp A1 - Härder, M. A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph T1 - Feuchteverhalten von Lehmsteinmauerwerk unter natürlichen Klimabedingungen – Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen N2 - Druckfestigkeit und Elastizitätsmodul von Lehmsteinmauerwerk nehmen mit steigendem Feuchtegehalt ab, weswegen die Mauerwerksdruckfestigkeit bei der Bemessung gemäß DIN 18940 in Abhängigkeit der maximal zu erwartenden Ausgleichsfeuchte abgemindert wird. Da bisher allerdings keine Messdaten zum Feuchtegehalt von Lehmsteinmauerwerk unter natürlichen Klimabedingungen vorliegen, stellen die normativen Grenzwerte lediglich eine konservative Abschätzung dar. Um die Feuchtegehalte von Lehmsteinmauerwerk und somit die Tragfähigkeit realitätsnah einschätzen zu können, wurden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit sowohl experimentelle als auch numerische Untersuchungen zum feuchtetechnischen Verhalten durchgeführt. Dabei wurden erstmalig magnetresonanzspektroskopische Untersuchungen an tragenden Lehmsteinen unterschiedlicher Herstellungsmethoden angewandt Weiterhin wurden Luftfeuchtesensoren in Lehmsteinmauerwerk eingebettet, um hygrische Langzeitfeuchtemessungen unter natürlichen Klimabedingungen durchzuführen. Auf Basis dieser Erkenntnisse wurde schließlich ein numerisches Modell kalibriert und Parameterstudien durchgeführt, um den unter realen Klimabedingungen tatsächlich auftretenden Feuchtegehalt im Lehmmauerwerk sowie dessen Verteilung über den Querschnitt einschätzen zu können und die normativen Grenzwerte zu überprüfen. Gezeigt wurde, dass die realitätsnahe instationäre Berechnung des Feuchtetransports mit üblichen hygrothermischen Simulationsprogrammen auf Basis einfacher feuchtetechnischer Kennwerte auch bei Lehmbaustoffen möglich ist. Der Einfluss des Quellens und Schwindens der enthaltenen Tonminerale und organischen Bestandteile wurde durch eine Modifikation bei der Ermittlung des Wasseraufnahmekoeffizienten explizit berücksichtigt und ist somit auch in den daraus abgeleiteten Transportkoeffizienten enthalten. Darüber hinaus wurde die Feuchtespeicherfunktion im überhygroskopischen Bereich auf Grundlage der Porenvolumenverteilung abgeschätzt. Die Approximation der Transportkoeffizienten und der Feuchtespeicherfunktion stellt dabei eine wesentliche Vereinfachung für Lehmbaustoffe dar, da ihre experimentelle Bestimmung aufgrund des Kontaktes mit Flüssigwasser kaum möglich ist. In Bezug auf das Feuchteverhalten üblicher Außenwandaufbauten von Wohnräumen konnte festgestellt werden, dass die Ausgleichsfeuchte im Lehmsteinmauerwerk stets unterhalb des in Nutzungsklasse 1 gemäß DIN 18940 zulässigen Grenzwertes von 65 % liegt. Je nach Putzsystem und Dämmstoff reduziert sich die Ausgleichsfeuchte auf Werte unter 60 %, wobei sich eine annähernd gleichmäßige Verteilung der Feuchte über den Mauerwerksquerschnitt hinweg einstellt. Bei Außenwänden von unbeheizten Räumen ergab sich eine maximale Ausgleichsfeuchte, die über weite Teile des Querschnitts unterhalb von 80 % lag. Der Ansatz einer maximalen Ausgleichsfeuchte von 90 % in Nutzungsklasse 2 ist folglich zu hoch angesetzt. Die zulässige Ausgleichsfeuchte bzw. der Umgebungsfeuchtefaktor in Nutzungsklasse 2 sollte dementsprechend angepasst werden T2 - LEHM 2024 – 9. Internationale Fachtagung für Lehmbau CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 27.09.2024 KW - Lehmstein KW - Mauerwerk KW - Materialfeuchte KW - Feuchtemonitoring KW - hygrothermische Simulation PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-61217 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Werner, Tiago A1 - Teske, Tanita A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai A1 - Mauro, Madia A1 - Nielsen, S. A1 - Gärtner, F. A1 - Klassen, T. T1 - Untersuchung des Potenzials von Kaltgasspritzen für die Reparatur zyklisch belasteter Bauteile T1 - Investigation on the capability of cold-spray for repair of cyclically loaded components N2 - Die Reparatur mittels Kaltgasspritzen ist eine vielversprechende Alternative zum teuren Austausch fehlerbehafteter Bauteile in der Luft- und Raumfahrt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde das Potential des Verfahrens an der hochfesten Aluminiumlegierungen Al6061-T6 unter Anwendung von Stickstoff als kostengünstiges Prozessgas untersucht. Es wurden quasi-statische Zugversuche und einachsige Zeitfestigkeitsversuche mit besonderem Fokus auf das in-situ Kugelstrahlen zur Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften durchgeführt. Im Ergebnis wurde die Verbesserung der Adhäsion zwischen Substrat und aufgebautem Werkstoff als entscheidendes Kriterium für eine Anwendbarkeit ermittelt. Die Laserstrukturierung von Substratoberflächen ist hierfür vielversprechend und wurde im Rahmen der Arbeit mittels Adhäsionsversuchen untersucht. N2 - Repair by cold-spray is a promising alternative to the costly replacement of flawed components in aerospace applications. In the present work this process was investigated on the high-strength aluminum alloy Al6061-T6. For the cold-spray process, inexpensive Nitrogen was used as process-gas. Quasi-static tensile and highcycle- fatigue tests (HCF) were performed, focusing on in-situ shot peening to improve the mechanical properties of the repaired part. An improved adhesion between substrate and built-up material was identified as a key-factor for the applicability of the process. Under this respect laser-structuring of the substrate surface was applied and its effect on the mechanical performance of the restored samples were examined by adhesion tests. T2 - 9. Tagung des DVM-Arbeitskreises Additiv gefertigte Bauteile und Strukturen CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 06.11.2024 KW - Kaltgasspritzen KW - cold-spray KW - Reparatur KW - Repair KW - Ermüdungsfestigkeit KW - Fatigue KW - Luft- und Raumfahrt KW - Aerospace KW - Substratvorbehandlung KW - Substrate pre-treatment PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.48447/ADD-2024-BB VL - 409 SP - 67 EP - 79 AN - OPUS4-63182 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ratkovac, Mirjana A1 - Gerards-Wünsche, Paul A1 - Thiele, Marc A1 - Brackrock, Daniel A1 - Stamm, Michael T1 - Detection and monitoring of the fatigue crack growth on welds – Application-oriented use of NDT methods N2 - Early detection of fatigue cracks and accurate measurements of the crack growth play an important role in the maintenance and repair strategies of steel structures exposed to cyclic loads during their service life. Observation of welded connections is especially of high relevance due to their higher susceptibility to fatigue damage. The aim of this contribution was to monitor fatigue crack growth in thick welded specimens during fatigue tests as holistically as possible, by implementing multiple NDT methods simultaneously in order to record the crack initiation and propagation until the final fracture. In addition to well-known methods such as strain gauges, thermography, and ultrasound, the crack luminescence method developed at the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), which makes cracks on the surface particularly visible, was also used. For data acquisition, a first data fusion concept was developed and applied in order to synchronize the data of the different methods and to evaluate them to a large extent automatically. The resulting database can ultimately also be used to access, view, and analyze the experimental data for various NDT methods. During the conducted fatigue tests, the simultaneous measurements of the same cracking process enabled a comprehensive comparison of the methods, highlighting their individual strengths and limitations. More importantly, they showed how a synergetic combination of different NDT methods can be beneficial for implementation in large-scale fatigue testing but also in monitoring and inspection programs of in-service structures - such as the support structures of offshore wind turbines. T2 - Fatigue Design 2023 (FatDes 2023) CY - Senlis, France DA - 29.11.2023 KW - Fatigue KW - Welded KW - NDT KW - Crack growth PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600238 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2024.03.062 VL - 57 SP - 560 EP - 568 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-60023 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana T1 - Combined impact of UV radiation and nitric acid (HNO3) on HDPE jerrycans – comparison of outdoor and lab test N2 - A damaging action of HNO3-55% only occurs in combination with its decomposition into nitrous gases, which can be caused by UV radiation. In a laboratory test, transparent HDPE jerrycans have been exposed to both UV radiation and 55 wt-% nitric acid solution at (41 ± 2)°C, for up to 20 days. For comparison, UV radiant exposure (21 days) and nitric acid exposure (up to 6 weeks) were performed separately, at nearly equal temperatures. The respective damages are compared with FTIR spectroscopy in ATR and HT-gel permeation chromatography (GPC) on a molecular level and with hydraulic internal pressure testing as a component test. For the used jerrycans, relevant oxidation can only be found after the combined exposure. The gradual increase in oxidative damage shows the good reproducibility of the lab exposure. The decomposition of nitric acid into nitrous gases by UV radiation – as well as the jerrycan oxidation – is also observed at lower HNO3 concentration (28 wt- %). Similar results are obtained after outdoor tests. Again, the damage occurs only after combined exposure, in contrast to the exposures to UV only and to HNO3 only, which were conducted in parallel. Outdoor exposures are most readily accepted as they represent possible end-use conditions. However, the reproducibility of these exposures is poor due to the large temporal variations in weather. There are also several safety risks, which is why the number of replicates remains limited. Since the outdoor and lab exposure tests show the same qualitative results, it is appropriate to conduct systematic studies in the laboratory. After 6 days of lab exposure, the oxidation damage is rated as critical, which corresponds to about 1/10 year in Central Europe, according to the UV radiant exposure. It should be noted that this amount can also occur in two sunny weeks. T2 - 24th iapri World Packaging Conference CY - Valencia, Spain DA - 17.06.2024 KW - Ppolyethylene KW - UV exposure KW - Nitric acid KW - Oxidation PY - 2024 VL - 2 SP - 30 EP - 37 PB - ITENE AN - OPUS4-60414 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bulling, Jannis A1 - Jurgelucks, B. A1 - Prager, Jens A1 - Walther, A. T1 - Modellierung und Validierung eines inversen Verfahrens zur Schadensrekonstruktion mittels Lamb-Wellen im Ultraschallbereich N2 - Das Ausbreitungsverhalten geführter Ultraschallwellen ermöglicht die großflächige Prüfung von Platten und schalenförmigen Bauteilen wie Rohren und Laminaten auf Fehlstellen von wenigen Prüfpunkten aus. Während die beschränkte Divergenz der geführten Wellen die Ultraschallprüfung begünstigt, erschwert das dispersive und multimodale Verhalten der Lamb-Wellen die Auswertung der Ultraschallsignale. Die dispersive und multimodale Wellenausbreitung verkompliziert die Bestimmung der Fehlerposition bei der Auswertung der Geschwindigkeiten einzelner Wellenpakete. Zudem ist es herausfordernd, einen einfachen Zusammenhang zwischen den Reflexionen der Fehlstelle und deren Größe und Form herzustellen. Eine Möglichkeit zur genauen Bestimmung der Fehlerposition und -geometrie bietet der direkte Vergleich der Messsignale mit den Signalen aus einem Simulationsmodell. Die Nachbildung des Schadens im Simulationsmodell stellt ein inverses Problem dar, das iterativ gelöst werden kann, indem ein Vorwärtsmodell immer weiter optimiert wird. Klassische Ansätze wie die Finite Elemente Methode (FEM) sind für die Simulation von Ultraschallwellen aufgrund der kleinen Wellenlängen im Vergleich zur Bauteilgröße meist ineffizient. Aus diesem Grund basiert das vorgestellte Vorwärtsmodell auf der semi-analytischen Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method (SBFEM), die große Teile der Wellenausbreitung analytisch berechnet. In diesem Beitrag wird die Validierung des zweidimensionalen Modells an Platten mit einer rechteckigen Nut als Ersatzfehler präsentiert und es werden erste Schritte zur Validierung von 3D-Modellen vorgestellt. T2 - DAGA 2024 CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 18.03.2024 KW - Geführter Ultraschall KW - Inverse Verfahren KW - SBFEM PY - 2024 UR - https://www.dega-akustik.de/publikationen/online-proceedings SP - 644 EP - 647 AN - OPUS4-60212 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Trubiroha, Peter A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Significance of new data pairs for irradiance and (surface) temperature N2 - There is consent that UV irradiance and temperature at the place of photodegradation are the most important environmental parameters in weathering, along with humidity. This contribution shows how an improvement in the measurement data situation can improve the significance and comparability of outdoor exposures. Photooxidative ageing is calculated using sample polymers for which the corresponding modelling data (Exposure Response Functions, ERF) is available. The mean square deviations are estimated, which result from using different spectral irradiances and different spectral sensitivities, both of the sensors and the polymers. It will be shown here how the significance of the irradiance values increases with increasing approximation of the spectral sensitivities of the sensor and polymer. Also, the mean square deviations are estimated, which result from using different activation energies and surface temperatures. A selection of different variables to describe the weathering exposure is created. The potential of either individual values or data pairs is evaluated in terms of significance or correlation to the calculated photooxidative ageing. Recording hourly data also enables subsequent evaluations of individual test specimens, adapted to the respective colour or to determine activation energies. An accumulated value, calculated from PIT-radiometer irradiance and a suited surface temperature, can provide a comparison of different outdoor exposures over different locations or years. Thus, a characterisation of the weathering exposure would be related to a reference spectral sensitivity (much closer to a polymer than that of a common UV radiometer), one reference activation energy, and different surface temperature scenarios with, on the one hand, graded solar absorptions (white / grey / black) and, on the other hand, different thermal couplings (coated metal / thick plastic). This results in three values each for plastic samples and coated metals (light / grey / dark). It will never be possible to accurately predict the weathering tests for individual samples (with their specific sensitivities), but the proposed approaches can go a long way towards the comparability of outdoor weathering exposures. T2 - 10th European Weathering Symposium EWS CY - Graz, Austria DA - 11.09.2024 KW - Polymer 3R KW - Outdoor weathering PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-9826129-1-1 SP - 121 EP - 133 PB - Stober Medien GmbH CY - Eggenstein AN - OPUS4-61291 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nicolai, Marcel A1 - Bulling, Jannis A1 - Lugovtsova, Yevgeniya A1 - Zeipert, Henning A1 - Prager, Jens A1 - Henning, Bernd ED - van Keulen, Wim ED - Kok, Jim T1 - On the repulsion effect of coupled Lamb wave modes N2 - Lamb waves, recognized for their significance in material characterisation, structural health monitor-ing, and non-destructive testing, exhibit complex behaviours that are crucial for industrial applica-tions. This paper delves into the mathematical and physical principals of the repulsion effect that can be observed in the dispersion curves of coupled Lamb wave modes. This effect is the result from the mechanical coupling of thin-walled solid plates and prevents the crossing of the dispersion curves. The study employs the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method to calculate the dispersion curves of coupled plates and to simulate their interaction for a weak and ideal coupling. Through a mathemati-cal framework and a physical analogy with simple harmonic oscillators, the paper elucidates the un-derlying principals of this effect. Furthermore, the paper highlights the practical significance of the repulsion effect in Lamb waves, suggesting its application for testing and monitoring the integrity of multi-layer structures like adhesive bonds, which are important for various industrial applications. A deepened understanding of this effect could contribute to the enhancement of non-destructive evalua-tion techniques. T2 - ICSV 2024 CY - Amsterdam, The Netherlands DA - 08.07.2024 KW - Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method (SBFEM) KW - Lamb waves KW - Mode repulsion KW - Mechanical coupling KW - Dispersion curves PY - 2024 SN - 978-90-90-39058-1 SN - 2329-3675 SP - 410 EP - 418 PB - The International Institute of Acoustics and Vibration (IIAV) CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-62855 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nicolai, Marcel A1 - Bulling, Jannis A1 - Lugovtsova, Yevgeniya A1 - Zeipert, Henning A1 - Prager, Jens A1 - Henning, Bernd T1 - On the repulsion effect of coupled Lamb wave modes N2 - This work investigates the phenomenon of mode repulsion in coupled Lamb wave systems. By mechanically coupling two dissimilar plates using spring elements, it is shown that previously intersecting Lamb wave modes are repelled, avoiding any crossing in the dispersion curves. The effect, rooted in eigenvalue theory and first observed in quantum systems, is explained through both mathematical models and classical analogies with coupled harmonic oscillators. Numerical simulations using the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method validate the theoretical predictions, revealing a correlation between strain distribution and frequency splitting. The observed mode repulsion provides new insights into interface properties and offers potential for applications such as monitoring adhesive degradation in layered structures. T2 - DAGA 2024 CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 18.03.2024 KW - Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method (SBFEM) KW - Lamb waves KW - Mode repulsion KW - Mechanical coupling KW - Dispersion curves PY - 2024 SP - 632 EP - 635 AN - OPUS4-62854 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Reuter, T. A1 - Wohlgemuth, F. A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Hausotte, T. T1 - Measurement-based Detector Characteristics for Digital Twins in aRTist 2 N2 - Various software products for the simulation of industrial X-ray radiography have been developed in recent years (e.g., aRTist 2, CIVA CT, Scorpius XLab, SimCT, Wilcore) and their application potential has been shown in numerous works. However, full systematic approaches to characterise a specific CT system for these simulation software products to obtain a truthful digital twin are still missing. In this contribution, we want to present two approaches to obtain realistic grey values in X-ray projections in aRTist 2 simulations based on measured projections. In aRTist 2, the displayed grey value of a pixel is based on the energy density incident on that pixel. The energy density is calculated based on the X-ray tube spectrum, the attenuation between source and detector as well as an energy-dependent sensitivity curve of the detector. The first approach presented in this contribution uses the sensitivity curve as a free modelling parameter. We measured the signal response at different thicknesses of Al EN-AW6082 at different tube voltages (i.e., different tube spectra). We then regarded the grey values displayed by these projections as a data regression respectively an optimisation problem and obtained the sensitivity curve that is best able to reproduce the measured behaviour in aRTist 2. The resulting sensitivity curve does not necessarily hold physical meaning but is able to simulate the real system behaviour in the simulation software. The second approach presented in this contribution is to estimate the sensitivity curve based on assumptions about the characteristics of the scintillation detector (e.g., scintillator material, scintillator thickness and signal processing characteristics). For this approach, a linear response function (linear relationship between the deposited energy per pixel and the resulting grey value) is assumed. If the detector characteristics, which affect the simulated deposited energy, are properly modelled, the slope and offset of the response function to match the measured grey values should be the same for different tube spectra. As the offset is constant and given by the grey values measured at no incident radiation, the slope is the remaining parameter to evaluate the success of the detector modelling. We therefore adapted the detector characteristics by changing the detector setup until the slope was nearly the same for all measured tube spectra. We are aware that the resulting parameters of the scintillator material and thickness might not be the real ones, but with those modelling parameters we are able to simulate realistic grey values in aRTist 2. Both of those approaches could potentially be a step forward to a full systematic approach for a digital twin of a real CT system in aRTist 2. T2 - 20th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (WCNDT 2024) CY - Incheon, South Korea DA - 27.05.2024 KW - Digital Twin KW - Computed Tomography KW - Simulation PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-602046 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29910 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - NDT.net CY - Mayen, Germany AN - OPUS4-60204 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fürst, Richard A1 - Häßler, Dustin A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig A1 - Hothan, Sascha T1 - In situ test procedure to determine the fire resistance of exisiting steel structures with aged intumescent coating N2 - Intumescent coatings are commonly used in civil engineering to increase the fire resistance of steel structures. In case of a fire, the intumescent coating reacts and forms a thermally protective char around the steel member. Thus, the heating of the steel is significantly delayed, and as a result, a higher fire resistance can be achieved. Throughout the working life, intumescent coatings are aged by climatic factors. To predict durability for several years, the behaviour of the intumescent coatings is extrapolated based on accelerated artificial ageing. The established German and European assessment procedures to test and predict durability assume a working life of at least 10 years. For an extended period, additional evidence is required; yet the procedure and specifications to justify this are not described. Available in situ methods to assess the thermal performance of intumescent coatings are currently limited in their information content. Therefore, BAM is conducting a research project to develop a minimally invasive in situ test procedure to determine the fire resistance of existing steel structures with applied intumescent coating. The paper will describe the test setup, the developed prototype furnace, and the results of the performed test programme with uncoated and coated steel specimens. Based on this, recommendations for the test procedure are given. T2 - Structures in Fire 2024 CY - Coimbra, Portugal DA - 19.06.2024 KW - In situ KW - Intumescent coating KW - Steel structures KW - Test procedure PY - 2024 SN - 978-989-35292-2-5 DO - https://doi.org/10.30779/cmm_SIF24 SP - 1217 EP - 1228 AN - OPUS4-61258 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jeyifous, Olubunmi Anthony A1 - Schönsee, Eric A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Hüsken, Götz T1 - Correlation of continuously measured in-line process parameters and extruded geometry in 3D concrete printing experiments N2 - Additive manufacturing of concrete structures is a novel and emerging tech-nology. Free contouring in civil engineering, which allows for entirely new designs, is a significant advantage. Although several techniques and ap-proaches demonstrate these advantages, quality control during printing is highly challenging and rarely applied. Due to the continuous mixing process used in 3D concrete printing, it is impossible to exclude variations in the dry mixture or water content, and a single test sample is insufficient to represent the whole structure. A defect in one layer during printing can affect the in-tegrity of the entire structure. Therefore, continuous and real-time process monitoring is required to record and document the printing process. At the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), a test rig for 3D concrete printing was developed to monitor the properties during the printing process. This study investigates the relationship between geometric accuracy and process parameters (pressure, pump torque, print speed, layer height, water content) in extrusion-based 3D concrete printing. Using a high-precision laser scanner, the geometric measurements of printed concrete ele-ments are evaluated in real-time. The concrete elements are printed under controlled conditions with varied process parameters. Preliminary findings indicate a significant correlation between process variables and geometric ac-curacy. T2 - Fourth RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication CY - Munich, Germany DA - 04.09.2024 KW - 3D concrete printing KW - Geometric accuracy KW - Process monitoring KW - Quality control PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70031-6_15 SP - 127 EP - 133 AN - OPUS4-61534 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hering, Marcus A1 - Fiedler, Georg A1 - Schubert, T. A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Hüsken, Götz A1 - Beckmann, B. A1 - Grunwald, Marcel A1 - Redmer, Bernhard A1 - Rogge, Andreas T1 - Investigation of multiple impact-damaged reinforced concrete structures as a reference for liquid penetration behavior and tomographic studies N2 - The structural integrity of outer reinforced concrete (RC) containments of nuclear power plants provides an essential shield against external hazards. If this containment is damaged by an impact event, such as an aircraft crash, the question arises to which degree the reinforced concrete containment still has its protective capability. This concerns both purely structural protection and protection against liquids penetrating the interior of the containment. Due to the dimensions of the containment structures, it is difficult to perform real scale impact experiments, so in the past decades plate geometries at medium scale have been used for investigations. Detailed investigations on the structural behaviour of RC members or RC plates subjected to impact loading have already been presented in Just et al., Hering, Hering et al., Bracklow et al., Hille et al. and Nerger et al. The following investigations deal with the single and multiple impact event (first hard impact and/or subsequent soft impact) on a RC specimen, which provides the basis for further investigations. A description of the test setup and the test procedure as well as a presentation of the test results from the impact tests are provided. Furthermore, the experimental program is presented, which the damaged RC specimens are to undergo to deal with the question of how much the impact-damaged RC structure has become permeable to liquid media, such as water and kerosene, depending on the intensity of the impact. The aim of these following investigations is to develop a test setup that can be applied to investigate the liquid penetration behaviour (LPB) of small, medium, and large-scale RC members. In addition to the liquid penetration experiments, the damaged specimens are to be examined by planar tomography to obtain the damage inside the specimen. The combination of damaging event, fluid penetration behaviour and tomography should enable a comprehensive understanding of the damage to the RC specimen. T2 - Conference: 27th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT) CY - Yokohama, Japan DA - 04.03.2024 KW - Drop tower KW - Hard impact KW - Soft impact KW - Multiple impact PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - IASMiRT CY - Yokohama, Japan AN - OPUS4-59723 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seifert, Lando A1 - Müller, Thoralf A1 - Ebell, Gino ED - Pillai, Radhakrishna G. T1 - Development of a new test method for assessing the susceptibility of prestressing steels to hydrogen-induced stress corrosion cracking N2 - For prestressing steel’s factory production control, approvals, and continuous surveillance in Germany, a susceptibility test against hydrogen-induced stress corrosion cracking is performed. The measured time to fracture results (in hours) must be reproducible and reliable in the test. ISO 15630-3 gives currently unpersuasive and diverging results using a free corrosion approach for hydrogen charging. A newly developed test method uses cathodic polarization for defined hydrogen charging instead of an uncontrolled and variable electron supply by metal dissolution during free corrosion. With this new test method, a reliable differentiation is possible between highly susceptible-known “old-type” quenched and tempered prestressing steel, i.e., Neptun, Hennigsdorfer, Sigma, and currently approved cold-drawn wires St 1470/1670 (CDS-1670) and St 1570/1770 (CDS-1770). The reproducibility of the new test method was evaluated in a round-robin test with eight attended testing institutes on a St 1470/1670 (CDS-1670) batch. T2 - Conference CONSEC24 CY - Chennai, India DA - 25.09.2024 KW - Hydrogen charging KW - ISO 15630-3 KW - Prestressing steels KW - Round-robin KW - Stress corrosion cracking PY - 2024 UR - https://consec24.com/# SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Centre of Excellence on Technologies for Low Carbon & Lean Construction CY - Chennai, India AN - OPUS4-61163 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Karapanagiotis, Christos A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Breithaupt, Mathias A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Monitoring of composite pressure vessels using surface applied distributed fiber optic sensors N2 - In this paper, we report on surface-applied distributed fibre optic sensors for monitoring composite pressure vessels designed for hydrogen storage. Previous reports have revealed that integrating optical fibres within vessel composite structures effectively enables the monitoring of structural behavior throughout their lifetime. However, integrating optical fibres during the manufacturing process is complex and time-consuming. Therefore, we aim to simplify this process by attaching the optical fibres to the vessel’s surface. This method is significantly more timeefficient than the integration process and can be applied to any vessel. Our results demonstrate that surface-applied fibre optic sensors can detect and precisely localise damage. Additionally, signs of damage can be recognised even before the damage occurs. Predictive maintenance using fibre optic sensors could reduce premature maintenance costs and periodic inspections while increasing safety and extending the vessel’s useful service life. The role of machine learning in predictive maintenance is also discussed. T2 - 20th Sensors & their Applications Conference CY - Limerick, Ireland DA - 11.08.2024 KW - Hydrogen KW - Fiber optic sensors KW - Composites KW - Machine learning KW - Structural health monitoring PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-60911 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ebell, Gino A1 - Müller, Thoralf A1 - Burkert, Andreas ED - G. Pillai, R. T1 - Stress Corrosion Cracking in Prestressed Concrete Bridge – A Case Study N2 - Bridge structures built using the prestressing block method can exhibit hydrogen-induced stress cracks across the entire cross-section of a prestressing channel due to their design. Crack growth can progress over the service life as a result of dynamic loading and lead to prestressing wire fractures. T2 - Consec 2024 CY - Chennai, India DA - 25.09.2024 KW - Corrosion KW - Spannungsrisskorrosion KW - Stress corrosion cracking KW - Hydrogen KW - Spannstahl PY - 2024 SP - 72 EP - 78 CY - Chennai AN - OPUS4-61330 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Railway vibration – fast physics-based models for the prediction of ground vibration and the identification of track damage N2 - The following applications of machine learning will be discussed: 1. The prediction of the wave propagation from a railway line (completely physics based for surface lines, physics-based machine learning for tunnel lines) 2. The track behaviour for the emission of train-induced ground vibration (physics based for homogeneous soil, machine learning for layered soil) 3. Track damage detection and quantification from frequency response functions and moving load responses 4. Bridge damage detection and localisation from modal analysis and moving load 5. The use of axle-box acceleration for the identification of track/sub-soil condition and bridge resonances. The prediction of railway vibration usually needs time-consuming finite element, boundary element and wavenumber domain calculations. For a user-friendly prediction software however, fast calculations are needed. Several time-consuming detailed calculations have been used to develop simpler and fast models for the surface railway lines. The more challenging prediction from tunnel lines will be attacked by purely mathematical and by physics-informed machine learning. The dynamic stiffnesses of isolated or un-isolated railway tracks from detailed calculations with a continuous soil have been approximated with the simpler Winkler soil. The vehicle-track resonance (P2 resonance) rules the effect of the mitigation measures, and it can also be used for the on-board monitoring of the track and sub-soil condition. For the identification of track damage such as gaps between sleepers, track slabs and layers, detailed models with a continuous soil have been updated to get the best fit to the measured frequency response functions from hammer tests and the deformation pattern from the moving load response. Whereas the track damage can be locally identified, this is more difficult for bridges where the modal analysis gives mainly global information. The influence lines of the inclination for statically passing vehicles (locomotive, truck, compaction roller) have been used to localise bridge damage (stiffness variations). The on-board monitoring of rail bridges needs special conditions (regular trains with special speeds) to excite and measure the bridge resonance. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (EWSHM 2024) CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Vibration prediction KW - Track damage detection KW - Human and machine learning KW - Wave propagation KW - Surface line KW - Tunnel KW - Bridge resonance PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612462 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29865 SN - 1435-4934 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - NDT.net CY - Kirchwald AN - OPUS4-61246 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hering, Marcus A1 - Agasty, Amit A1 - Costard, René A1 - Hüsken, Götz A1 - Chruscicki, Sebastian A1 - Hicke, Konstantin T1 - Explosion effects on reinforced concrete structures – A preliminary study of scaling laws N2 - Blast tests are required to investigate accidental or intentional blast events and to assess the level of protection for people and facilities in critical infrastructures. Conducting large-scale field tests for complex scenarios is very resource intensive. Reliable small-scale experiments are a promising alternative. However, the scaling laws for the design of reinforced concrete structures under blast loads are not sufficiently established. In our research work, a consortium made up of three BAM departments, focuses on reinforced concrete structures that are suitable for the standardization of scaled blast tests. As part of the feasibility study, blast tests were carried out on test specimens of different sizes on the BAM Test Site for Technical Safety (TTS). Various reinforced concrete plates were tested and subjected to different blast loads. The blast tests included various measurement techniques to quantify the blast load and the behavior of the reinforced concrete plate. The blast load was measured with flush-mounted piezoelectric pressure gauges, while accelerometers and embedded fiber optic sensor cables were used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the plate under blast loading. In addition, damage characteristics were also determined using distributed fiber optic sensing. The application of these measurement techniques as well as the use of different numerical software tools offer the possibility to verify or adapt the scaling laws. T2 - 19th International Symposium on Interaction of the Effects of Munitions with Structures (19th ISIEMS) CY - Bonn, Germany DA - 09.12.2024 KW - Scaling KW - Blast KW - Fiber optic sensing PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-62258 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Yang, Fan A1 - Meng, Xiangmeng A1 - Putra, Stephen Nugraha A1 - Bachmann, Marcel A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Assessment of keyhole stability in laser beam welding with external magnetic field using numerical simulation N2 - The challenge of understanding the physical mechanisms behind porosity reduction by a magnetic field during laser beam welding (LBW) is partly due to the difficulty in quantitatively evaluating keyhole stability. The commonly used index, such as keyhole depth, is typically one-dimensional, which is insufficient to capture the dynamic and three-dimensional fluctuations of the keyhole. In this paper, by utilizing a 3D multiphysical model of LBW with magnetic field, a novel keyhole geometry reconstruction algorithm has been developed to describe the keyhole profile and its fluctuation in a statistical manner to evaluate keyhole stability quantitatively. An equivalent diameter is proposed in this algorithm to reduce the irregularity of the keyhole geometry. The calculation results indicate that the time-averaged keyhole shape over 300 ms in the LBW of steel is conical, regardless of the application of an external magnetic field, which provides a more representative shape. Meanwhile, it is observed from the statistical aspect that the keyhole diameter becomes smaller, except the top part, under the influence of the magnetic field. The standard deviation of the equivalent diameter can be used as a physical variable to assess the keyhole stability quantitatively. The application of an external magnetic field can produce a noticeable reduction of the standard deviation of the equivalent diameter, namely, stabilizing the keyhole during LBW of steel. However, the different contribution from the keyhole stability affected by a magnetic field in suppressing porosity is different with materials. T2 - International Congress of Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics 2024 CY - Hollywood, Los Angeles, USA DA - 04.11.2024 KW - Deep penetration laser beam welding KW - Numerical simulation KW - Keyhole shape KW - Keyhole stability KW - Magnetic field PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-616024 DO - https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0001528 VL - 36 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - AIP Publishing AN - OPUS4-61602 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lemke, J. A1 - Biegler, M. A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Fließfähigkeitsanalyse zweier Pulverfraktionen aus AISI 316L und resultierende Bauteildichte DED-LB aufgebauter Quader N2 - Die Fließfähigkeit von Metallpulvern gilt als wichtige Pulvereigenschaft für den additiven Aufbau mittels Laser, wobei bisher wenige Arbeiten die Auswirkungen im Laserpulverauftragschweißen (Engl.: Directed Energy Deposition DED-LB) untersuchen. Arbeiten, die sich mit den Pulvereigenschaften für Pulverbettverfahren beschäftigen, zeigen Korrelationen zwischen Partikelgrößenverteilung und Fließeigenschaften mit der Bauteildichte und den mechanischen Eigenschaften. Sie bewerten insbesondere Pulverbettdichte und -stabilität. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden daher die Eigenschaften zweier Pulverfraktionen (20 µm – 63 µm und 63 µm – 150 µm) des austenitischen Stahls AISI 316L und deren freien Ausfluss im Vergleich zur Pulverdichte untersucht. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die feinere Pulverfraktion eine um 14,5 % höhere Durchflussrate erzielt als die gröbere Fraktion. korreliert die Ergebnisse zur inneren Porosität und Partikelgrößenverteilung. Die Analyse der Bauteilqualität zeigt einen geringen Einfluss der Korngrößenverteilung auf die Porosiät der DED-LB aufgebauten Quader. T2 - 44. Assistentenseminar Fügetechnik der WGF CY - Päwesin, Germany DA - 20.09.2023 KW - 316L KW - Fließfähigkeit KW - DED-LB KW - Hall-Flow KW - Metallpulver PY - 2024 SP - 131 EP - 140 AN - OPUS4-60723 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Yang, Fan A1 - Meng, Xiangmeng A1 - Putra, Stephen Nugraha A1 - Bachmann, Marcel A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Experimental and numerical investigations of suppression mechanisms by an oscillating magnetic field on process porosity during laser beam welding N2 - The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) technology is recognized as a promising approach for improving the quality of deep penetration laser beam welding. This study employs experimental and numerical methods to investigate the effects of an auxiliary oscillating magnetic field on reducing porosity in the laser beam welding of 5754 aluminum alloy. The experimental results clearly demonstrate a significant reduction of 97% in the porosity ratio of the welded joints applied with an oscillating magnetic field compared to those without magnetic field, thereby validating the efficiency of applying MHD technology in mitigating porosity during the laser beam welding process. In addition, a transient 3D multi-physical model has been developed, integrating the MHD model and metal vapor plume, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the porosity suppression mechanism. The weld pool shape is significantly widened and enlarged because of the Lorentz force, which facilitates the escape of gas bubbles. Meanwhile, the introduction of an oscillating magnetic field generates a time-averaged downward Lorentz force. This averaged downward Lorentz force, in turn, enhances and stables the downward fluid flow, which hinders the bubble backward movement. Meanwhile, this averaged downward Lorentz force induces an upward electromagnetic expulsive force on the bubble, which effectively increases the upward escape velocity of bubbles in the weld pool. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results. T2 - 44. Assistentenseminar Füge- und Schweißtechnik CY - Päwesin, Germany DA - 20.09.2023 KW - Laser beam welding KW - Numerical simulation KW - Magnetohydrodynamic technology KW - Porosity defect KW - Keyhole PY - 2024 UR - https://www.dvs-media.eu/de/neuerscheinungen/4671/44.-assistentenseminar-fuegetechnik SN - 978-3-96144-267-6 VL - 394 SP - 77 EP - 86 PB - DVS Media GmbH CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-60784 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bahrami Eskandari, Ardalan A1 - Nikkhoo, Ali A1 - Hajirasouliha, Iman T1 - Analyzing Vertical Earthquake Vibrations and Moving Vehicle Loads for Structural Health Monitoring and Vibration Suppression in Bridges N2 - The design of bridges often overlooks the vertical component of earthquakes or considers it of secondary importance, despite compelling evidence indicating specific structural damage caused by primary earthquake waves. Conversely, during the operational phase, the combined influence of ground motion and moving loads from vehicles can significantly impact the structural health monitoring (SHM) of bridges. This study aims to evaluate the simultaneous effect of vertical earthquake vibrations and moving vehicle loads on simply supported bridges. The research employs a practical methodology based on the eigenfunction expansion method to analyze change of deflection due to the effect of these concurrent forces under seven different earthquake records. It is shown that within a realistic range of vehicle mass and velocity, the average of changing the maximum deflection at the mid-span of the main beam (denoted as M_n) reaches up to 163% under various scenarios. Subsequently, the seismic parameters influencing this phenomenon are identified through a statistical analysis of set of 100 different earthquake records with unique features. A linear regression equation is presented to predict the M_n based on the earthquake specific properties. Additionally, to control the vertical vibration of bridge systems, a novel vibration suppression system utilizing steel pipe dampers is introduced, and its reliability is examined across a broad spectrum of bridge flexural rigidity. The results indicate that the system's efficiency depends on M_n and the soil type of the bridge construction, enabling a reduction in structural sections (up to 27%) while achieving the same maximum target deflection in the initial state. This efficiency leads to a more economical design solution, emphasizing the potential benefits of the proposed system for practical application. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (EWSHM 2024) CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Bridge structures KW - Vertical earthquakes KW - Health monitoring KW - Moving vehicles KW - Suppressing vibrations PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604893 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29746 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-60489 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bahrami Eskandari, Ardalan A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan T1 - NDT Data-Supported Structural Reassessments based on Regression Relations in Measuring Data Analysis N2 - Non-destructive Testing (NDT) provides valuable data about structural elements, supporting the assessment of existing infrastructures without incurring additional structural damage from inspections. Simultaneously, the uncertainty in measurement, which quantifies the quality of measurement results, plays a crucial role in decisions aimed at, e.g., optimizing maintenance strategies, rehabilitation works and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) implementations. The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) framework has already been considered for non-destructive concrete testing. Regarding that, extensive measurements with sophisticated scopes need to be conducted by experts as an obligatory process. This study illustrates how NDT results describing the inner structure of a concrete element can effectively support the reassessment of bridges in operation. To achieve this, the study considers the various measurable positions of the resisting longitudinal tendons of a bridge structure to investigate the displacement change under dynamic service loads. Furthermore, this study aims to simplify and optimize existing NDT data analysis procedures by employing regression analysis, enabling the detection of structural features. This regression analysis yields a modifier for determining the correct depth of an object within the structural element. The method is validated through laboratory experiments, including the use of an ultrasonic measurement system. As a result, it provides unbiased and accurately measured results, while ensuring that the measurement data can remain uncorrelated. Major advantages include efficient computation, a wider scope, and avoiding redundant information about the measuring process. The findings demonstrate that employing the proposed NDT analysis method, with its enhanced practicability, can significantly augment the efficiency of NDT data-supported structural reassessments across various scenarios. T2 - EWSHM 2024 CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Existing structures KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Practicality measurement KW - Bridge reassessment KW - Statistical analysis PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604825 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29714 SN - 1435-4934 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-60482 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertola, N. A1 - Schumacher, T. A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Bruehwiler, E. T1 - Early detection of structural damage in UHPFRC structures through the combination of acoustic emission and ultrasonic stress wave monitoring N2 - Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite (UHPFRC) offers several advantages compared to concrete, notably due to the strain hardening behavior under tensile actions. Structures made of this composite material are lightweight and highly durable, thanks to the UHPFRC waterproofing quality. Nonetheless, the tensile behavior leads to a different cracking pattern than conventional concrete and is not fully understood yet. This paper presents a combined approach using both passive ultrasonic (US) stress wave (or acoustic emission) and active US stress wave monitoring to localize and quantify damage progression in a full-scale UHPFRC beam during experimental load testing. The proposed monitoring approach involves 24 US transducers that are embedded randomly throughout a 4.2- meter-long laboratory UHPFRC T-beam. Continuous monitoring enabled accurate localization of US stress sources caused by loading-induced cracking as well as from pulses generated by the embedded US transducers. This study shows that it is possible to predict the location and shape of the macro-crack that is linked to structural failure early on, i.e., just after the end of the elastic domain. This combined approach opens new possibilities to monitor the structural behavior and detect damage on UHPFRC structures before they affect the structural behavior in terms of deflection and strain. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (EWSHM 2024) CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 11.6.2024 KW - UHPFRC KW - Acoustic emission KW - Damage detection PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604708 UR - https://www.ndt.net/article/ewshm2024/papers/477_manuscript.pdf DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29698 SN - 1435-4934 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-60470 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, T. A1 - Bertola, N. A1 - Epple, Niklas A1 - Bruehwiler, E. A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Combined Passive and Active Ultrasonic Stress Wave Monitoring of Concrete Structures: An Overview of Data Analysis Techniques and Their Applications and Limitations N2 - Combined passive ultrasonic (US) stress wave [better known as acoustic emission (AE)] and active US stress wave monitoring has been shown to provide a more holistic picture of ongoing fracture processes, damage progression, as well as slowly occurring aging and degradation mechanisms in concrete structures. Traditionally, different data analysis techniques have been used to analyze the data generated from these two monitoring techniques. For passive US stress wave monitoring, waveform amplitudes, hit rates, source localization, and b-value analysis, among others, have been used to detect and locate cracking. On the other hand, amplitude tracking, magnitude squared coherence (MSC), and coda wave interferometry (CWI) are examples of analyses that have been employed for active US stress wave monitoring. In this paper, we explore some of these data analysis techniques and show where their respective applications and limitations might be. After providing an overview of the monitoring approach and the different data analysis techniques, results and observations from selected laboratory experiments are discussed. Finally, suggestions for further work are proposed. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (EWSHM 2024) CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 11.06.2024 KW - Ultrasound KW - Acoustic emission KW - Concrete KW - Stress PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604687 UR - https://www.ndt.net/article/ewshm2024/papers/824_manuscript.pdf DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29863 SN - 1435-4934 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-60468 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Skłodowska, Anna A1 - Baensch, Franziska A1 - Lay, Vera A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten T1 - Acoustic emission monitoring for engineered barriers in nuclear waste disposal N2 - To safely dispose of nuclear waste in underground facilities, engineered barrier systems are needed to seal shafts and galleries. The material used in these barriers must be adapted to the host rock parameters. Shrinking and cracking must be avoided to provide a barrier with almost zero permeability. For repositories in salt rock environments, several types of salt concrete (SC) are possible construction materials. Within the project SealWasteSafe, we compared the behavior of an innovative alkali-activated material (AAM) with standard SC in their hydration and hardening phase. To monitor the microstructural changes within the two materials SC and AAM, acoustic emission (AE) signals have been recorded for up to ~250 days on 340-litercubic specimens. The phenomenon of AE is defined as the emission of elastic waves in materials due to the release of localized internal energy. Such energy release can be caused by the nucleation of micro-fracture, e.g., in concrete while curing or when exposed to load. The occurrence of AE events gives first rough indications of microstructural changes and potentially occurring cracking and thus, provides insights for structural health monitoring (SHM). The results show, that for the first 28 days after casting, less AE activity was detected in the AAM compared to SC. After 61 days, in the AAM material, the number of AE events exceeded those observed in the SC. However, the majority of the AE detected and located in AAM was related to surface effects, and not to microstructural changes or occurring cracks within the bulk volume. Additionally, the source location analysis indicated, that despite lower activity in SC, we observed some clustering of the events. In contrast, in AAM, the activity inside the specimen is randomly distributed over the whole volume. The monitoring results help to estimate the material’s sealing properties which are crucial to assess their applicability as sealing material for engineered barriers. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (EWSHM 2024) CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 11.06.2024 KW - Endlager KW - Barriere KW - AAM KW - Akustische Emission PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604699 UR - https://www.ndt.net/article/ewshm2024/papers/768_manuscript.pdf DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29834 SN - 1435-4934 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-60469 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Baulicher IST-Zustand zur Bewertung von Betonbrücken auf der Grundlage messtechnischer Kennwerte - ZfPStatik N2 - Das Projekt „ZfPStatik“ entwickelt eine Handlungsempfehlung zur Bewertung bestehender Bauwerke mit Hilfe zerstörungsfreier Messdaten. Durch die Bauwerksprüfungen können Unsicherheiten bei der Nachrechnung reduziert werden, wodurch realistischere Beurteilungen der Standsicherheit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit ermöglicht werden. Zudem wird die Entwicklung neuer Ingenieurdienstleistungen gefördert. Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren haben insgesamt das Potential, die Entscheidungsgrundlagen für die Beurteilung und Erhaltung bestehender Bauwerke zu verbessern. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Betonbrücken KW - ZfPStatik KW - Bauwerksprüfungen PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613290 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 303 EP - 308 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61329 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - van Wingerden, Kees T1 - Untersuchung der Freisetzung von Flüssigwasserstoff auf und unter Wasser N2 - In einer Reihe von Experimenten wurden die möglichen Folgen der Freisetzung von verflüssigtem Wasserstoff (LH2) auf, bzw. unter Wasser untersucht. Die Experimente zielten darauf ab, eine unbeabsichtigte Freisetzung von LH2 (z.B. durch Schlauchabriss) insbesondere bei der Betankung eines Schiffes zu simulieren. Für verflüssigtes Erdgas (LNG) wurden dabei sog. RPT’s (rapid phase transition) nachgewiesen, bei denen die spontane Verdampfung relevante Druckwellen erzeugt. Es kann nicht ausgeschlossen werden, dass RPTs auch im Falle von LH2 möglich sind. Die Versuche wurden auf dem Testareal Wasserstoffsicherheit auf dem Testgelände Technische Sicherheit der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM-TTS) in Horstwalde, im Rahmen einer Forschungskooperation zwischen der BAM und Gexcon im Rahmen des SH2IFT-Programms durchgeführt. Die LH2-Freisetzungen erfolgten direkt aus einem LH2-Tanklastwagen über eine lange, flexible, vakuumisolierte Transferleitung. Während die Freisetzung oberhalb und unterhalb der Wasseroberfläche jeweils vertikal orientiert war, wurde bei der Unterwasserfreisetzung zusätzlich eine horizontale Ausströmung, parallel zur Wasseroberfläche realisiert. Zur Bestimmung des Massenstromes, wurde ein Wägesystem unter dem Tankwagen eingesetzt. Spezielle Drucksensoren wurden verwendet, um die durch die Freisetzungsvorgänge erzeugten Stoßwellen sowohl im Wasser als auch in der Luft zu messen. Die Gaskonzentrationen über dem Wasserbecken wurden an verschiedenen Positionen gemessen. Hochgeschwindigkeits-, Infrarot- (IR) und normale Kameras wurden eingesetzt, um die Phänomenologie der Freisetzung aufzuzeichnen und das Verhalten der Gaswolke im Zeitverlauf zu verfolgen. Neben den fest installierten Systemen an Land, kamen auch Unterwasserkameras sowie eine Drohne mit Normal- und IR-Kameras zum Einsatz. Zwei Wetterstationen wurden zur Messung von Windgeschwindigkeit, Windrichtung, Temperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit während aller durchgeführten Tests eingesetzt. Des Weiteren kamen Bolometer zur Wärmestrahlungsmessung zum Einsatz. Zwar führten die Freisetzung zu einer hochturbulenten LH2/Wasser Mischzone, jedoch zu keinen nennenswerten Überdrücken durch RPT. Im Gegensatz dazu wurde unerwartet, aber reproduzierbar, eine Zündung der Gaswolke in freier Luft in einiger Entfernung von den Instrumenten und dem Ort der Freisetzung beobachtet. Die daraus resultierenden Gaswolkenexplosionen führten zu relevanten Überdrücken und zur Wärmeabstrahlung in die Umgebung. T2 - Magdeburg-Köthener Brandschutz- und Sicherheitstagung 2024 CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 14.03.2024 KW - Flüssigwasserstoff KW - LH2 KW - Freisetzung KW - RPT KW - Gaswolkenexplosion PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-948749-42-2 SP - 127 EP - 136 CY - Magedburg AN - OPUS4-59709 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Villani, P. A1 - Unger, Jörg F. A1 - Weiser, M. T1 - Adaptive Gaussian process regression for Bayesian inverse problems N2 - We introduce a novel adaptive Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) methodology for efficient construction of surrogate models for Bayesian inverse problems with expensive forward model evaluations. An adaptive design strategy focuses on optimizing both the positioning and simulation accuracy of training data in order to reduce the computational cost of simulating training data without compromising the fidelity of the posterior distributions of parameters. The method interleaves a goal-oriented active learning algorithm selecting evaluation points and tolerances based on the expected impact on the Kullback-Leibler divergence of surrogated and true posterior with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling of the posterior. The performance benefit of the adaptive approach is demonstrated for two simple test problems. T2 - Algoritmy 2024 - Central-European Conference on Scientific Computing CY - Vysoké Tatry, Slovakia DA - 15.03.2024 KW - Gaussian process regression KW - Bayesian inverse problems KW - Surrogate models KW - Parameter identification KW - Active learning PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Slovak University of Technology CY - Bratislava AN - OPUS4-60738 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Stührenberg, Jan A1 - Tandon, Aditya A1 - Dragos, Kosmas A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Smarsly, Kay T1 - Implementation and validation of robot-enabled embedded sensors for structural health monitoring N2 - In the past decades, structural health monitoring (SHM) has matured into a viable supplement to regular inspections, facilitating the execution of repair and maintenance work in the early stages of structural damage. With the advent of wireless technologies and advancements in information and communication technologies, civil infrastructure has been increasingly instrumented with wireless sensor nodes to record, analyze, and communicate data relevant to SHM. A promising method for SHM is to embed sensors directly into concrete for recording SHM data from inside structural elements. In this paper, a sensor system for embedment into concrete is proposed, able to assess SHM data recorded from concrete. Power is supplied to the sensors on-demand by quadruped robots, which also collect the SHM data via radio-frequency identification (RFID), providing an automated and efficient SHM process. In laboratory experiments, the capability of the sensor system of automatically collecting the SHM data using quadruped robots is validated. In summary, the integration of RFID technology and robot-based inspection presented in this study demonstrates a vital approach to evolve current SHM practices towards more digitalized and automated SHM. T2 - 11th European Workshop On Structural Health Monitoring CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Structural health monitoring KW - RFID-based sensors KW - Smart sensors KW - Embedded sensors KW - Legged robots KW - Quadruped robots PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-60335 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eiz Eddin, Ahmad A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig A1 - Häßler, Dustin A1 - Hothan, Sascha T1 - Zum Feuerwiderstand von filigranen Deckenelementen aus vorgespanntem Carbonbeton N2 - Der Einsatz von hoch zugbeanspruchbarem und korrosionsbeständigem Carbongelege anstelle von herkömmlichem Spannstahl ermöglicht es Beton vorzuspannen und gleichzeitig die Betondeckung auf ein für den Verbund nötiges Minimum zu reduzieren. Das Carbongelege besteht aus Carbonfasern in einer Kunststoffmatrix. Mit dieser Bauweise können dünnwandige und damit ressourcenschonende Deckenelemente realisiert werden. Der Wechsel von massiven zu filigranen und vergleichsweise leichten Bauteilen führt jedoch aufgrund der geringeren Masse und der damit einhergehenden schnelleren Erwärmung zu einer Abnahme des Feuerwiderstands. Ferner führt die Erweichung der Matrix im Brandfall zu einer Abnahme der Verbundfestigkeit zwischen Carbongelege und Beton. Die Brennbarkeit des Carbongeleges sowie die Abplatzneigung des verwendeten Feinbetons stellen weitere Herausforderungen für den baulichen Brandschutz dar. Der Beitrag stellt Versuchsergebnisse zum Abplatz- und Hochtemperaturverhalten von Carbonbeton vor, die im Rahmen des Verbundvorhabens „Vorgespannte Carbonbetondecken mit reduzierten Querschnitten“ (CaPreFloor) erzielt wurden. Für die Untersuchung der Tragfähigkeit bei hohen Temperaturen wurden 4-Punkt-Biegeversuche an balkenförmigen Prüfkörpern (150 x 30 x 6 cm³) mit einlagiger Carbonbewehrung und instationärer Temperaturbeanspruchung durchgeführt. Neben dem Vorspanngrad des Carbongeleges wurde auch der Gelegetyp variiert. Im Bereich der konstanten Biegezugzone erfolgt die einseitige Erwärmung mittels elektrisch betriebener Heizmatten. Während der kontinuierlichen Erwärmung werden die Prüfkörper mit einer konstanten Kraft belastet, deren Betrag aus zuvor durchgeführten Biegeversuchen bei Raumtemperatur abgeleitet wurde. Die Abplatzversuche werden mit Einheits-Temperaturzeitkurve an rechteckigen (60 x 60 x 6 cm³) und kreisrunden (Ø 47 x 6 cm³), plattenförmigen Prüfkörpern am 1m³-Ofen der BAM durchgeführt. Die kreisrunden Prüfkörper sind zusätzlich mit einem Stahlring zur Behinderung der thermischen Dehnung des Betons versehen. Um den Einfluss des Geleges auf das Abplatzverhalten zu analysieren, werden sowohl Prüfkörper mit Carbongelege als auch unbewehrte Prüfkörper untersucht. Die daraus resultierenden Erkenntnisse fließen in die weitere Entwicklung der vorgespannten Carbonbetondeckenelemente ein. Anhand von realmaßstäblichen Brandversuchen wird der Feuerwiderstand dieser Bauteile im weiteren Projektverlauf bestimmt. T2 - Symposium Heißbemessung 2024 CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 24.09.2024 KW - Carbonbeton KW - Feuerwiderstand KW - Brandversuch KW - Carbon PY - 2024 SP - 23 EP - 39 AN - OPUS4-61253 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bernardy, Christopher A1 - Habib, Abdel Karim A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Schalau, Bernd A1 - Schulze, Marcel A1 - Kant, Hanjo A1 - Orchini, Alessandro ED - Di Benedetto, Almerinda ED - Portarapillo, Maria T1 - Investigation of the thermal radiation from hydrogen jet flames N2 - For industrial applications dealing with hydrogen, the definition of safety distances and the assessment of possible hazards emanating from releases is mandatory. Since hydrogen is usually stored and transported under pressure, one scenario to be considered is the momentum driven release of hydrogen from a leakage with subsequent ignition. In this scenario, the emitted heat radiation from the resulting jet flame to the surroundings has to be determined to define adequate safety distances. For hydrocarbon flames, different jet flame models are available to assess the hazards resulting from an ignited jet release. Since hydrogen flames differ from hydrocarbon flames in their combustion behavior, it has to be checked if these models are also applicable for hydrogen. To evaluate the accuracy of these models for hydrogen jet flames, tests at real-scale are carried out at the BAM Test Site for Technical Safety (BAM-TTS). Herein, the flame geometry and the heat radiation at defined locations in the surroundings are recorded for varying release parameters such as leakage diameter (currently up to 30 mm), release pressure (currently up to max. 250 bar) and mass flow (up to max. 0.5 kg/s). The challenge here is the characterization of the flame geometry in an open environment and its impact on the thermal radiation. Existing heat radiation data from the literature are mostly based on unsteady outflow conditions. For a better comparability with the steady state jet flame models, the experiments presented here are focused on ensuring a constant mass flow over the release duration to obtain a (quasi) stationary jet flame. In addition, stationary outflow tests with hydrocarbons (methane) were also carried out, which are intended to serve as reference tests for checking flame models based on hydrocarbon data. T2 - 15th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions (ISHPMIE) CY - Neaples, Italy DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Hydrogen KW - Release KW - Jet flame KW - Thermal radiation PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-605107 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12515710 VL - 2024 SP - 1322 EP - 1333 PB - Zenodo CY - Geneva AN - OPUS4-60510 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -