TY - CONF A1 - Kulkarni, Kajol A1 - Kemmler, Samuel A1 - Schwartz, Anna A1 - Gedik, Gülçin A1 - Chen, Yanxiang A1 - Papageorgiou, Dimitrios A1 - Kavroulakis, Ioannis A1 - Iakymchuk, Roman T1 - Harvesting energy consumption on European HPC systems: Sharing Experience from the CEEC project N2 - Energy efficiency has emerged as a central challenge for modern high-performance computing (HPC) systems, where escalating computational demands and architectural complexity have led to significant energy footprints. This paper presents the collective experience of the EuroHPC JU Center of Excellence in Exascale CFD (CEEC) in measuring, analyzing, and optimizing energy consumption across major European HPC systems. We briefly review key methodologies and tools for energy measurement as well as define metrics for reporting results. Through case studies using representative CFD applications (waLBerla, FLEXI/GALÆXI, Neko, and NekRS), we evaluate energy-to-solution and time-to-solution on diverse architectures, including CPU- and GPU-based partitions of LUMI, MareNostrum5, MeluXina, and JUWELS Booster. Our results highlight the advantages of accelerators and mixed-precision techniques for reducing energy consumption while maintaining computational accuracy. Finally, we advocate the need to facilitate energy measurements on HPC systems in order to raise awareness, teach the community, and take actions toward more sustainable exascale computing. T2 - SCA/HPCAsiaWS 2026: SCA/HPCAsia 2026 Workshops: Supercomputing Asia and International Conference on High Performance Computing in Asia Pacific Region Workshops CY - Osaka , Japan DA - 26.01.2026 KW - Energy consumption KW - eEergy measurement KW - Energy-to-solution KW - Mixed-precision KW - HPC KW - CFD PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-654175 DO - https://doi.org/10.1145/3784828.3785161 SP - 40 EP - 49 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-65417 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krankenhagen, Rainer A1 - Chaudhuri, Somsubhro A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Winterkorn, Rene A1 - de Finis, Rosa A1 - Palumbo, Davide A1 - Galietti, Umberto T1 - Thermographic investigation of the anisotropic behaviour of additively manufactured AISI316 steel using DED-Arc N2 - Additive manufacturing is one of the most promising techniques for industrial production and maintenance, but the specifics of the layered structure must be considered. The Direct Energy Deposition-Arc process enables relatively high deposition rates, which is favourable for larger components. For this study, specimens with different orientations were prepared from one AISI316 steel block – parallel and orthogonal to the deposition plane. Quasistatic tensile loading tests were carried out, monitored by an infrared camera. The obtained surface temperature maps revealed structural differences between both orientations. The consideration of surface temperature transients yields more details about the behaviour of the material under tensile loading than the conventional stress-strain-curve. These preliminary investigations were supplemented by thermographic fatigue trials. Although the anisotropy was also observed during fatigue loading the fatigue behaviour in general was the same, at least for both inspected specimens. The presented results demonstrate the abilities and the potential of thermographic techniques for tensile tests. T2 - 17th Quantitative Infrared Thermography Conference CY - Bologna, Italy DA - 07.07.2025 KW - Thermoelastic effect KW - Wire-arc-additive manufacturing KW - thermal stress analysis KW - fatigue testing PY - 2026 DO - https://doi.org/10.21611/qirt-2024-029 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-65372 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Duarte, Larissa A1 - Madia, Mauro A1 - Kanna, Naveen A1 - Bär, Jürgen ED - Ricoeur, Andreas T1 - Anwendung der zyklischen R-Kurven-Analyse zur Abschätzung des Kitagawa-Takahashi-Diagramms N2 - Die ausgeprägte Langzeitfestigkeit eines Werkstoffes entspricht der maximalen Spannung, unterhalb derer alle ursprünglich wachstumsfähigen Mikrorisse arretieren. Für fehlerbehaftete Werkstoffe stellt das Kitagawa-Takahashi (KT)-Diagramm die Abhängigkeit der ausgeprägten Langzeitfestigkeit von der Defektgröße dar. Das KT-Diagramm kann mit großem Aufwand experimentell bestimmt oder durch verschiedene Modelle abgeschätzt werden. Solche Ansätze ergeben oft nichtkonservative Prognosen und berücksichtigen weder den Aufbau der Rissschließeffekte noch lokale Spannungen. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Kurzrissmodell auf Grundlage der zyklischen R-Kurve und des Rissarrestphänomens zur Abschätzung des KT-Diagramms vorgestellt. Die Abschätzungen werden mit experimentellen Daten validiert, die mit gekerbten Proben nach dem Treppenstufenverfahren ermittelt wurden. T2 - 57. Tagung des DVM-Arbeitskreises Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit CY - Köln, Germany DA - 18.02.2025 KW - Langzeitfestigkeit KW - KT-Diagramm KW - zyklische R-Kurven-Analyse PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.48447/BR-2025-512 VL - 257 SP - 93 EP - 104 PB - Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung und -prüfung e.V. CY - Berlin, Deutschland AN - OPUS4-62603 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Trubiroha, P. T1 - Simulationsdaten zur photooxidativen Beanspruchung an verschiedenen geografischen Freibewitterungs-Standorten N2 - Freibewitterungen weisen grundsätzlich eine hohe Variabilität der jeweiligen Intensität der Beanspruchungsparameter auf; sie sind nicht einfach wiederholbar. Um dennoch die Ergebnisse einer Beanspruchung vergleichen zu können, ist eine aussagekräftige Charakterisierung der Freibewitterung wichtig. Traditionell werden Daten bekannter Einflussgrößen wie Globalstrahlung, Temperatur oder Feuchtewerte herangezogen. Obwohl man weiß, dass diese Größen an den exponierten Oberflächen wechselwirken und kombiniert als Mikroklima Einfluss auf Degradationsprozesse nehmen, werden schon aus Praktikabilitätsgründen diese separat als klimatische Messgrößen angegeben. Die Aussagekraft dieser Daten ist mäßig. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die Aussagekraft und damit Vergleichbarkeit zu erhöhen, indem diese Messdaten als Stundendaten zu Wirkintegralen vorverarbeitet und jahresweise akkumuliert werden. Betrachtet wird dafür der Prozess der Photooxidation, da dieser Alterungs-mechanismus bei allen Kunststoffen auftritt. Für eine einfache Modellierung wird die wirksame UV-Bestrahlung, gewichtet mit einer Arrhenius-abhängigen Ober¬flächen-temperatur (TOF), über den Beanspruchungszeitraum von hier je einem Jahr akkumuliert. Die Idee einer solchen Messgröße für photooxidative Ober¬flächen¬alterung wurde bereits vorgestellt [1]. Dort wurde ein Gerät vor¬geschlagen, mit dem dieser Wert für verschieden absorbierende Oberflächen für die Dauer einer Exposition akkumuliert wird, und ergänzend eine Abschätzung der Betauungs¬zeiten dieser Referenz-Oberflächen erfolgen könnte. Hier soll es um eine rechnerisch generierte Zusammenstellung dieser photo¬oxidativen 1-Jahres-Alterungswerte für verschiedene Standorte gehen. Ein Temperaturfaktor erfasst dabei den Einfluss der Strahlungserwärmung auf eine weiße, graue bzw. schwarze Referenzoberflächen, spiegelt also die Kopplung von solarer Strahlung und Temperatur wider [1]. Ermittelt wird er aus Stunden¬daten der Globalstrahlung und der Lufttemperatur. Die spektrale Wirkung wird aus Sonnenhöhenständen entsprechend der geografischen Breite mit Hilfe der FastRT-Oberfläche [2] als PiT·h-Wert abgeschätzt [3]. Anhand der errechneten Jahreswerte können die Schweregrade der photo¬oxidativen Beanspruchung an den verschiedenen Standorten unmittelbar verglichen werden. Die gezeigten Simulationsdaten für ein solches „elektronisches Referenzmaterial“ für photooxidative Degradation zeigen die prinzipielle Möglichkeit einer Kartografierung solcher Daten auf. T2 - 53. Jahrestagung der GUS CY - Stutensee-Blankenloch, Germany DA - 26.03.2025 KW - Polymer 3R, UV, Bestrahlung, Bewitterung PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-9826129-2-8 VL - 53 SP - 19 EP - 28 PB - Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation e.V. CY - 76327 Pfinztal (Berghausen) AN - OPUS4-62902 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Paul, Nathalie A1 - Kister, Alexander A1 - Schnellhardt, Thorben A1 - Fetz, Maximilian A1 - Hecker, Dirk A1 - Wirtz, Tim ED - Meo, Rosa ED - Silvestri, Fabrizio T1 - Reinforcement Learning for Segmented Manufacturing N2 - The manufacturing of large components is, in comparison to small components, cost intensive. This is due to the sheer size of the components and the limited scalability in number of produced items. To take advantage of the effects of small component production we segment the large components into smaller parts and schedule the production of these parts on regular-sized machine tools. We propose to apply and adapt recent developments in reinforcement learning in combination with heuristics to efficiently solve the resulting segmentation and assignment problem. In particular, we solve the assignment problem up to a factor of 8 faster and only a few percentages less accurate than a classic solver from operations research. T2 - European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases 2023 CY - Turin, Italy DA - 18.09.2023 KW - Reinforcement Learning KW - Assignment Problem KW - Large component manufacturing PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-74640-6_38 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 470 EP - 485 PB - Springer Cham AN - OPUS4-63031 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Siefke, Lennart A1 - Linden, Anna T1 - Towards a robust automated surface inspection method for CT-scanned cannulas N2 - For certain cardiovascular diseases, cannulas are implanted into the blood circuit. To match the patients individual anatomy of the heart, there is research for cannulas to be custom-designed and manufactured aided by 3D printing. However, cannulas have to hold very high standards with regard to the smoothness of their surfaces, as rough patches can lead to formation of blood clots. Therefore, this work uses computer vision to detect such patches as part of quality assurance. First, the produced cannula is scanned using a precise CT scanner and transformed into a 3D mesh object. Rough patches in an otherwise smooth but curved surface are detected by using cosine similarity between neighboring faces and a statistical evaluation. In the end, this method is able to raise a warning when curved surfaces are not smooth enough and visualizes the problematic patches. However, there is just limited access to test data currently and the scanner used needs to be upgraded. T2 - 3D in Science & Applications (3D-iSA) 2024 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.11.2024 KW - Algorithm KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Surface evaluation PY - 2025 UR - https://www.gfai.de SN - 978-3-942709-34-7 SP - 66 EP - 70 AN - OPUS4-63057 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schragen, Christian A1 - Lohrer, Christian T1 - A brief journey through the world of standardization of fireworks of the last decade and into the future N2 - This paper aims at giving an overview about this entire standardization process, explaining the main differences of the EN versions from 2015 and 2022, outlining the practical implications for the stakeholders applying these ENs and giving a cautious look into the future requirements for fireworks in Europe. T2 - 19th International Symposium on Fireworks CY - Liling, P.R. China DA - 21.04.2025 KW - Fireworks KW - Standardization PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 17 AN - OPUS4-63077 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Zaripova, Gulshat A1 - Brinkmann, Nienke A1 - Gebraad, Lars A1 - Boehm, Christian A1 - Trattnig, Horst T1 - Simulation der Schallemissionen von Spanndrahtbrüchen N2 - In den 1950er Jahren setzte sich die Spannbetonbauweise für Brücken mit größeren Spannweiten durch. Heute existieren im deutschen Bundesfernstraßennetz ca. 21.000 Spannbetonbrücken. Die mangelnde Erfahrung in der Anfangszeit dieser Bauweise stellt uns heute vor Probleme hinsichtlich einer Kombination aus Korrosion und Ermüdung der Spannglieder. Hauptursachen sind Spannungsrisskorrosion, deutlich gewachsene Verkehrslasten sowie ungenügende Annahmen zu Temperaturlasten. Insbesondere Spanndrahtbrüche infolge Spannungsrisskorrosion können zu einem Strukturversagen ohne Ankündigung führen. Spannstähle mit einer starken Gefährdung für Spannungsrisskorrosion wurden in der Bundesrepublik bis 1965, in der ehemaligen DDR bis Ende der 1980er Jahre verbaut. Um katastrophale Schadensfälle zu verhindern, müssen Bauwerke unter Verdacht auf Spannungsrisskorrosion in Kombination mit unzureichendem Ankündigungsverhalten überwacht werden. Derzeit ist die Schallemissionsanalyse die einzige zuverlässige und ökonomisch vertretbare Überwachungsmethode. Damit kann der sichere Betrieb der Bauwerke über die verbleibende Nutzungsdauer gewährleistet werden. Die DGZfP-Richtlinie SE05 “Detektion von Spanndrahtbrüchen mit Schallemissionsanalyse” beschreibt detailliert Planung, Installation und Betrieb solcher Monitoringsysteme. Im Projekt SimAS “Digitaler Zwilling zur Simulation der Ausbreitung akustischer Wellen in Spannbetonelementen” werden die Grundlagen für eine Optimierung der Monitoringsysteme auf Basis der Schallemissionsanalyse gelegt. Eine akustische Simulation der Struktur und deren Fusion mit Messdaten unterstützt sowohl die vorbereitenden akustischen Analysen der Brücken als auch die Planung der Monitoringsysteme und die Drahtbrucherkennung T2 - SCHALL 25 – Schallemissionsanalyse und Zustandsüberwachung mit geführten Wellen CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 27.03.2025 KW - Acoustic Emission KW - Simulation KW - Schallemission KW - Spannbetonbrücke KW - Spanndrahtbruch KW - Digitaler akustischer Zwilling KW - Spannungsrisskorrosion KW - Schallemissionsanalyse KW - Schallausbreitung PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-628347 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/30964 VL - 4 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung AN - OPUS4-62834 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bulling, Jannis A1 - Gravenkamp, H. A1 - Birk, C. T1 - On the efficient simulation of ultrasonic waves on polygonal meshes N2 - At many stages of technology development in ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), simulation tools are essential. Many modern approaches to ultrasonic testing, such as Model Assisted Probability of Detection, inverse problems with iterative optimization, or the generation of data for AI training, benefit from highly efficient simulation tools in terms of simulation time. In this talk, we investigate explicit time stepping with the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method (SBFEM) for approximating the linear elastic wave equation on 2D polygonal meshes, enhanced with a mass lumping technique for faster simulation times. We present the proposed changes to the formulation to successfully use mass lumping. Examples are used to demonstrate that there is no loss of quality due to the approximated mass matrix. Furthermore, mass lumping reduces the simulation time and makes the simulation more efficient. In addition, the proposed simulation method has the advantages of SBFEM meshing techniques. These advantages include fast meshing using an image-based quadtree algorithm or polygonal meshing by transforming triangular meshes based on a CAD model. The latter meshing method can include special crack tip elements that efficiently handle the crack tip singularity. T2 - DAS | DAGA 2025 CY - Copenhagen, Denmark DA - 17.03.2025 KW - Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) KW - Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method (SBFEM) KW - Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) KW - Numerical simulation PY - 2025 UR - https://pub.dega-akustik.de/DAS-DAGA_2025/imprint.html SN - 978-3-939296-23-2 SP - 1592 EP - 1595 AN - OPUS4-63017 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bintz, Thilo A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine T1 - Non-destructive Testing for the Determination of Durability-Relevant Material Properties of Clinker-Reduced Building Materials N2 - In the quest to combat climate change, the construction industry, heavily reliant on cement-based materials, faces scrutiny due to significant CO2 emissions, mainly from clinker production. To address this, there’s a need to strategically reduce clinker content in cement. However, these new formulations must meet the same requirements as the original ones, so their durability must be investigated. In this study, we determined material parameters that enable an assessment of moisture and ion transport. These methods offer advantages over conventional approaches, including non-destructiveness, reduced measurement time, simplified setup, enhanced resolution, and improvement of detection limits. Our investigation utilizes NDT techniques, using 1H NMR relaxometry for moisture transport and LIBS for ion transport in various clinker-reduced materials. The NMR tomograph provides spatial insights into internal moisture transport, correlated with weight change assessments for the capillary transport coefficient. Additionally, based on NMR relaxometry data the chloride diffusion coefficient is estimated. Chloride migration tests are performed, and results are evaluated using LIBS and indicator tests for the chloride migration coefficient. Our findings highlight NMR relaxometry and LIBS advantages over conventional methods, showcasing superior spatial resolution, non-destructiveness, and, in some cases, expedited results with independence from the formulation of the cement matrix. Thus, these new methods can be used to test the durability of new, more heterogeneous cementbased building. T2 - Rilem Spring Convention 2024 CY - Milano, Italy DA - 10.04.2024 KW - NMR relaxometry KW - LIBS KW - Clinker reduced cement KW - Durability parameters PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-031-70281-5 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70281-5_48 VL - 56 SP - 426 EP - 434 AN - OPUS4-61824 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Ahmadzadeh, Majid A1 - Weise, Matthias T1 - Focussed sound field of thermoacoustic transmitters N2 - The thermoacoustic effect offers a method for selectively exciting broadband and focused ultrasonic waves, which can be utilized in air-coupled ultrasonic testing of lightweight components that might otherwise sustain damage from liquid couplants. Thermoacoustic transmitters are composed of an electrically conductive layer deposited on an insulating substrate. When electrical pulses are applied, the conductive layer heats, briefly warming the adjacent air and inducing thermal expansion, which generates an acoustic wave. In testing applications, the thermoacoustic transmitter is positioned at the focal distance to the structure under examination, where the resolution of the resulting ultrasonic image is influenced by the focus diameter. To optimize imaging resolution, understanding the focusing characteristics of thermoacoustic transmitters is essential. In this study, thermoacoustic transmitters with an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer on a quartz glass substrate were developed. Geometrical parameters, including substrate curvature and conductive layer thickness, along with electrical excitation parameters, were systematically varied to investigate their impact on the sound field up to approximately 1 MHz. The results indicate that, among the parameters studied, substrate curvature exerts the most significant influence on the sound field. T2 - DAS-DAGA Tagung CY - Kopenhagen, Danmark DA - 17.03.2025 KW - Air-coupled ultrasound KW - Thermoacoustic transmitter KW - Focussed transducer PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-63092 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zhu, J. A1 - Madia, Mauro A1 - Schurig, M. A1 - Kruse, Julius A1 - Conrad, F. A1 - Schlums, H. A1 - Kontermann, C. A1 - Zerbst, Uwe T1 - Anwendung von repräsentativen Proben zur Bewertung der Strukturintegrität von sicherheitsrelevanten Komponenten N2 - Sicherheitsrelevante Bauteile, bei denen ein Versagen im Betrieb katastrophale Folgen haben könnte, sind in der Regel für eine sehr geringe Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit ausgelegt und unterliegen strengen Qualifizierungsverfahren gemäß den von den Aufsichtsbehörden festgelegten Richtlinien. Die Hersteller sind oft gezwungen, Tests an realen oder skalierten Komponenten durchzuführen, um die Strukturintegrität unter definierten Belastungsbedingungen sicherzustellen, die in der Regel strenger sind als die im Betrieb zu erwartenden. Dies ist in der Regel mit einem enormen experimentellen und finanziellen Aufwand verbunden. Daher versuchen die Unternehmen, neue Strategien wie digitale Zwillinge zu entwickeln, mit denen die Kosten massiv gesenkt werden können, ohne die Sicherheit zu beeinträchtigen. In dieser Arbeit wird ein neues quasistatisches Prüf- und Bewertungskonzept vorgestellt, dessen Hauptidee darin besteht, die experimentelle Prüfung von Bauteilen durch die Prüfung von für das Bauteil repräsentativen Proben zu ersetzen oder zumindest zu reduzieren. Der größte Vorteil des vorgeschlagenen Konzepts besteht darin, dass die Versuche auf Laborprüfmaschinen durchgeführt werden können. Die Wirksamkeit der Methodik wird anhand der Bewertung der Strukturintegrität einer Turbinenscheibe aus einer Ni-Basis-Superlegierung für Flugzeugtriebwerke bei Überdrehzahl demonstriert. T2 - 57. Tagung des DVM-Arbeitskreises Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit CY - Köln, Germany DA - 18.02.2025 KW - Strukturintegrität KW - Bruchmechanik KW - Turbinenscheibe KW - Repräsentative Proben PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.48447/BR-2025-536 SP - 231 EP - 240 PB - DVM CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-62602 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kanna, Naveen A1 - Bär, Jürgen A1 - Duarte, Larissa A1 - Madia, Mauro ED - Ricoeur, Andreas T1 - Ermittlung von Kitagawa-Takahashi-Diagrammen mittels Gleichstrompotentialsondenmessungen N2 - Das Kitagawa-Takahashi Diagramm ist ein wichtiges Werkzeug zur Beschreibung der ausgeprägten Langzeitfestigkeit fehlerbehafteter Bauteile. Insbesondere im technisch relevanten Übergangsbereich unterscheiden sich jedoch die verwendeten Modelle. Daher ist für eine sichere Aussage eine experimentelle Absicherung in diesem Bereich zwingend notwendig. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Methode vorgestellt, die eine einfache und schnelle Absicherung des Verlaufs im Übergangsbereich erlaubt. Hierzu werden in Flachproben mittels eines Gravierlasers scharfe Kerben mit einer definierten Breite und Tiefe eingebracht. Die so präparierten Proben werden mit blockweise steigender Last bis zum Bruch ermüdet. Die Erkennung von Anrissen erfolgt mittels einer Gleichstrom-Potentialsonde mit der auch die Länge des Lastblocks gesteuert wird. T2 - 57. Tagung des DVM-Arbeitskreises Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit CY - Cologne, Germany DA - 18.02.2025 KW - Ausgeprägte Langzeitfestigkeit KW - Materialdefekte KW - KT-Diagramm KW - Gleichstrom-Potentialsonde PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.48447/BR-2025-513 VL - 257 SP - 105 EP - 112 PB - Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung und -prüfung e.V. CY - Berlin, Deutschland AN - OPUS4-62604 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Wägner, Yannick A1 - Geburtig, Anja T1 - Gedanken, Tipps & Tricks zu künstlichen Bewitterungsprüfungen N2 - Die Fragestellung kann nur exemplarisch dargestellt werden, aber ist hoffentlich auch für langjährige Praktiker in den ausgewählten Punkten interessant. Es sollen für folgende Bereiche Beispiele gegeben werden: Probenvorbereitung, Testvorbereitung, Testdurchführung und Auswertung. T2 - 53. Jahrestagung der GUS 2025 CY - Stutensee-Blankenloch bei Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 26.03.2025 KW - Wechseltemperaturen KW - Künstliche Bewitterung KW - Prüfung KW - UV KW - Feuchte KW - Beregnung PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-9826129-2-8 VL - 53 SP - 253 EP - 257 PB - Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation e.V. CY - 76327 Pfinztal (Berghausen) AN - OPUS4-62861 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eichner, Lukas A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Baeßler, Matthias T1 - Probabilistische Systemidentifikation einer Versuchsstruktur für Substrukturen von Offshore-Windenergieanlagen mit statischen und dynamischen Messdaten N2 - In diesem Beitrag wird ein probabilistischer Ansatz zur Systemidentifikation für Tragstrukturen von Offshore-Windkraftanlagen vorgestellt. Der Schwerpunkt der Forschung liegt auf der Integration von globalen Systemantworten in Form von Eigenfrequenzen und -formen sowie Verschiebungen und Dehnungen als lokale Messdaten. Die unterschiedlichen Daten werden kombiniert für die Aktualisierung der Parameter eines Finite-Elemente-Modells genutzt. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein probabilistischer Ansatz nach Bayes verfolgt, um Vorwissen sowie Unsicherheiten einzubeziehen. Die Methodik wird bei einer Versuchsstruktur angewandt, die eine Jacket-Substruktur von Offshore-Windenergieanlagen nachbildet. Eine Systemidentifikation mit Hilfe von Überwachungsdaten ist wertvoll für Jacket-Substrukturen, da eine Zustandsanalyse für die Gewährleistung der strukturellen Integrität unerlässlich ist, aber hinsichtlich der schwierigen Offshore-Bedingungen möglichst effizient sein muss. In diesem Zusammenhang schafft diese Arbeit die Grundlage für eine Schadenserkennung, eine verbesserte Vorhersage der Ermüdungslebensdauer und optimierte Instandhaltungsstrategien. Während das Modell hinsichtlich der statischen Messdaten erfolgreich aktualisiert werden kann, sind Schwierigkeiten bei der Identifizierung der dynamischen Systemeigenschaften erkennbar. T2 - 8. VDI-Fachtagung Baudynamik 2025 CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 02.04.2025 KW - Systemidentifikation KW - Versuchsstruktur KW - Jacket KW - Offshore-Windenergie PY - 2025 VL - 8 SP - 175 EP - 188 AN - OPUS4-62879 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rückschloss, Jana A1 - Tochtrop, Christoph A1 - von Geibler, Justus A1 - Schlegel, Moritz-Caspar T1 - “Oh no, it’s broken!” – How product functionality limits lifespan N2 - Today a large variety of products with various features and designs are available for consumers. In addition to the main functions of a product, there are more and more additional functions, especially for electrical and electronic appliances. This means that looking for the right product may require extensive research by consumers and does not always lead to a sense of making an informed purchase decision. The wide variety of designs and functions can overwhelm consumers. This creates uncertainty and might lead to overrate products functionality and thus significantly shorten the service lifetime of appliances. Furthermore, the environmental impact of such functions is usually unclear, and can vary depending on the actual usage scenario. In this study, a survey was carried out in order to better understand consumers perceptions and experiences related to additional functions of products, with specific focus on domestic hobs, household refrigerating appliances and televisions. The results confirm the large number of additional functions and their overwhelming effect for consumers. Consumers purchase devices with more features than desired, or replaced them prematurely because an extra feature fails while the main function is still available. The findings of the study can be used to better inform consumers and support them to make environmentally sustainable purchasing decisions. T2 - 6th Product Lifetimes and the Environment Conference (PLATE2025) CY - Aalborg, Denmark DA - 02.07.2025 KW - Circular economy KW - Functionality KW - Durability KW - Purchase decision KW - Ecodesign PY - 2025 UR - https://journals.aau.dk/index.php/plate2025 SN - 97887-7642-060-4 DO - https://doi.org/10.54337/plate2025 SN - 2794-9540 SP - 666 EP - 674 AN - OPUS4-63823 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maack, Jürgen A1 - Eidenmüller, Moritz A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Prognose von Erschütterungs- und Sekundärschall- Immissionen an Bahnlinien unter Verwendung von FEM Gebäudemodellen N2 - Die Errichtung von Wohngebäuden an Bahnstrecken erfordert Betrachtungen zur Begrenzung der Erschütterungs- und Sekundärschallimmissionen. Hierzu werden spektrale Prognoseverfahren ausgehend von Freifeldmessungen eingesetzt. Im rechnerischen Modell werden die Teilaspekte der Körperschallübertragung mit Hilfe von spektralen Übertragungsfunktionen beschrieben. Kenntnis über die Zusammenhänge dieser spektralen Übertragungsfunktionen erhält man im Wechselspiel von: - Messergebnissen von Körperschall- und Luftschallmessungen für einzelne Übertragungssysteme - Modellberechnungen mit der Finite-Elemente-Methode, Parameterstudien, Abgleich mit Messergebnissen - Modellberechnung mit der Finite-Elemente-Methode zur Wechselwirkung des schwimmenden Estrichs mit dem Gebäude T2 - VDI-Tagung Baudynamik CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 02.04.2025 KW - Bahnerschütterungen KW - Gebäudemodelle KW - Schwimmender Estrich KW - Sekundärschall PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-18-092447-2 SN - 0083-5560 VL - 2447 SP - 301 EP - 314 PB - VDI-Verlag CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-62887 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Erschütterungsprognose mit KI? Schnelle Ersatzmodelle und physikbasiertes maschinelles Lernen in der Bauwerk-Boden-Dynamik N2 - Erschütterungsprognosen können mit sehr detaillierten Modellen durchgeführt werden. Dies ist sowohl bei der Erstellung des Modells (zum Beispiel für ein Finite-Element-Modell für Boden und Bauwerk), als auch bei der Berechnung zeitaufwändig, von einigen Minuten für die Wellenausbreitung in geschichteten Böden mit Wellenzahlintegralen bis zu mehreren Stunden für Randelementlösungen für die korrekte Bauwerk-Boden-Wechselwirkung. Hier sind einfache und schnelle Ersatzmodelle von Vorteil, die die Ergebnisse der detaillierten Berechnungen gut wiedergeben. Diese Ersatzmodelle können vollständig auf physikalischen Überlegungen beruhen (white-box Modelle) oder mit Hilfe von maschinellem Lernen aus einer Vielzahl von detaillierten Rechenergebnissen erzeugt werden (black-box Modelle). Erfahrungen mit black-box Modellen zeigen, dass es sinnvoll ist das maschinelle Lernen mit physikalischen Informationen anzureichern (grey-box Modelle). Es werden Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für physikbasiertes maschinelles Lernen im Bereich von Bahnerschütterungen aufgezeigt, die Erschütterungsemission durch die Fahrzeug-Fahrweg-Wechselwirkung, die Wellenausbreitung im Boden, die Erschütterungsimmission in Gebäude, Gleisschäden und das Monitoring von Eisenbahnbrücken. T2 - VDI-Tagung Baudynamik CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 02.04.2025 KW - Bahnerschütterungen KW - Emissionsmodell KW - Immissionsmodell KW - Transmissionsmodell KW - Tunnelausbreitung KW - Gleisüberwachung PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-18-092447-2 SN - 0083-5560 VL - 2447 SP - 53 EP - 64 PB - VDI-Verlag CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-62886 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz ED - Papadrakakis, Manolis T1 - Frequency-wavenumber method for the wave propagation through the soil and the soil-structure interaction of railway tracks and building foundations near railway lines N2 - In soil-structure interaction, the soil and the (flexible) structures are modelled as elastic continua. The partial differential equations of elasticity can be transformed to algebraic equations in frequency-wavenumber domain where they can be solved by matrix methods. The results for the soil and a structure can be coupled in frequency-wavenumber domain, and the solution in space domain is obtained by an infinite wavenumber integral (the back-transformation). This method has several applications for the prediction of the emission, transmission and immission of railway-induced vibrations. The wave propagation in homogeneous or layered soils is calculated for surface and tunnel lines by a single wavenumber integration (transmission). The response of ballast or slab tracks (for the emission problem) and the foundation stiffness (for the immission problem) need an additional integration across the track or foundation width. In wavenumber domain, tracks and foundations of infinite length are analysed. Finite structures can be calculated by finite element models where the soil is calculated by the boundary element method. The Green’s functions for the boundary element method are calculated by a wavenumber integration as for the transmission problem. Some example results for all these tasks will be shown. The immission into buildings will be analysed in detail, and the effect of stiff slab foundations and (basement) walls on the incoming wavefield is quantified in a parameter study. The transfer function (the amplitude ratio) structure to free field usually starts with 1 at 0 Hz and decreases continuously with frequency. The reduction is due to the structural stiffness against wave deformation which turns to be higher than the stiffness of the soil, for example above the structure-soil coincidence frequency of the slab foundation. The reduction is better for a high structural stiffness and for a low soil stiffness. Walls are stiffer than plates for the relevant frequency range, but even walls and especially low basement walls are not infinitely rigid and can follow the wave deformation to a certain extent. These basic rules from frequency-wavenumber analysis can well be used for real building projects near railway lines where stiff foundations can be an alternative reduction method to the commonly used base isolation by elastic elements. T2 - COMPDYN 2025 CY - Rhodos, Greece DA - 15.06.2025 KW - Frequency-wavenumber method KW - Wave propagation KW - Soil-structure interaction KW - Building foundations KW - Mitigation measures PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - NTUA CY - Athen AN - OPUS4-63470 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fünning, Tabea A1 - Peczek, Anna A1 - Kroh, Aleksandra A1 - Mai, Christian A1 - Paul, Martin A1 - Thomsen, Florian A1 - Tannenberg, Robert A1 - Schumann, Christoph A1 - Weller, Michael G. A1 - Mai, Andreas A1 - Steglich, Patrick C. ED - Lieberman, Robert A. ED - Baldini, Francesco ED - Homola, Jiri T1 - Optimization of local backside released micro-ring resonators for sensing applications using silicon photonic integrated circuits in a SOI technology N2 - Photonic micro-ring resonators (MRR) are widely studied for their high sensitivity across applications like environmental monitoring, healthcare, and chemical analysis. Their evanescent field sensing requires partially unembedded waveguides compatible with CMOS processing. Our approach uses local backside etching with an additional buried oxide (BOX) etch to release waveguides while preserving the back-end of line (BEOL) structure, enabling spatial separation of the sensing area and electronics. The BOX etch critically affects sensor performance, as waveguide surface roughness can alter MRR properties and coupling. We analyzed MRR design variations, comparing wet and dry etching techniques for their effects on optical performance across rib and strip waveguides in quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes. Wafer-level measurements show that backside-released MRR achieve high extinction ratios with slightly reduced quality factors, advancing high-sensitivity photonic sensors. T2 - SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics 2025 CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 23.05.2025 KW - Photonic sensors KW - Micro-ring resonator (MRR) KW - Silicon on insulator (SOI) KW - CMOS KW - Local backside etching PY - 2025 SN - 978-1-5106-8851-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3056481 VL - 13527 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - SPIE CY - Bellingham, WA , USA AN - OPUS4-63585 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tannenberg, Robert A1 - Paul, Martin A1 - Fünning, Tabea A1 - Schuhmann, Christoph A1 - Weller, Michael G. A1 - Steglich, Patrick T1 - Multichannel real-time detection of biomarkers with highly miniaturized photonic microchips N2 - The development of novel photonic integrated microchips (PIC) is a promising approach to allow for the convenient detection of key biomarkers in complex matrices through multichannel real-time analysis in a highly compact package. This study reports the successful development and application of a backside released CMOS chip designed for the multichannel real-time detection of biomarkers. Operating at the C-band at approx. 1550 nm, the microchip features three dedicated detection sensors in addition to a reference sensor, enabling simultaneous analysis of multiple biomarkers. The compact and highly miniaturized design of this microchip, with a footprint of just 1 mm², positions it as promising candidate for point-of-care diagnostics and personalized medicine applications. This technology opens a path to transform biomarker detection across various medical fields, offering rapid, reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic solutions. In conclusion, the presented multichannel photonic microchips signify a substantial leap forward in real-time biomarker detection, providing a highly capable platform for future research and clinical applications. T2 - SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics 2025 CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 07.04.2025 KW - Photonic integrated circuit KW - Ring resonator KW - Real-time detection KW - Multiplexing KW - Semiconductor KW - CMOS KW - C-reactive protein KW - CRP KW - Biomarker PY - 2025 SN - 978-1-5106-8850-6 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3056453 VL - 13527 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - SPIE CY - Prague, Czech Republic AN - OPUS4-63478 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rolle, Annette A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Neumann, Martin T1 - Qualification Procedure for Seal Designs for Spent Fuel Transport and Storage Cask Containments N2 - The seal is a key component of the containment and closure system of transport and storage casks for radioactive material. It is a major contributor to ensuring compliance with the acceptable limits for activity release according to IAEA regulations. The requirements for a safe seal performance are high, accordingly. Every new seal design intended for use in the containment of a transport cask for radioactive material passes a qualification process in Germany. The qualification process is supervised by BAM as German competent authority for mechanical, thermal and containment assessment of packages requiring design approval. The closure system including the seal shall be able to withstand the corrosive, mechanical and thermal loads associated with routine, normal and accident conditions of transport according to the IAEA regulations without losing the required sealing function. Metal seals of the Helicoflex® type are often used to ensure required package leak tightness for both storage and transport, including transport after long term interim storage. The poster will provide an overview of requirements during a seal qualification process on the example of a Helicoflex® type metal seal. T2 - 21st International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials, PATRAM 2025 CY - San Antonio, Texas , US DA - 27.07.2025 KW - Spent fuel transport KW - Seals KW - Radioactive KW - Containment PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-63911 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rhode, Michael A1 - Czeskleba, Denis A1 - Irfan, Muhammad Dary A1 - Wandtke, Karsten A1 - Kaiser, Sebastian A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Wasserstoffdiffusion in hochfesten UP-Schweißverbindungen – einfacher als gedacht N2 - Hochfeste Baustähle werden im modernen Stahlbau aus wirtschaftlichen und konstruktiven Gründen zunehmend eingesetzt, z. B. im Gebäude-, Anlagen- oder Mobilkranbau. Durch den Einsatz von Stählen mit höheren 690 MPa) können durch die Reduzierung der Wanddicke erhebliche Gewichtsreduzierungen und geringere Verarbeitungskosten erreicht werden, insbesondere bei der Verwendung des Unterpulverschweißen (UP) durch seine hohe Abschmelzleistung. Aufgrund ihrer speziellen Mikrostruktur haben hochfeste Stähle eine begrenzte Duktilität und sind anfälliger für wasserstoffunterstützte Kaltrisse (HACC). Darüber hinaus führen große mittels UP geschweißter Blechdicken zu hohen Schweißeigenspannungen und langen Diffusionswegen für z.B. durch den Schweißprozess eingebrachten Wasserstoff. Abgesicherte Diffusionskoeffizienten für UP-Schweißungen dieser Festigkeitsklasse sind als Grundlage für die Abschätzung des Zeitintervalls einer möglichen verzögerten Kaltrissbildung oder für Nachwärmung zur Wasserstoffreduktion nur sehr begrenzt verfügbar. Aus diesem Grund wurden experimentelle Versuche zur mikrostruktur-spezifischen Diffusion in S690-Schweißungen durchgeführt. Dazu wurde ein thermomechanisch (TM) gewalzter bzw. vergüteter (QL) Zustand dieses Werkstoffs betrachtet, sowie das jeweilige charakteristische Schweißgut und WEZ. Dazu wurden den Schweißmikrostrukturen lokal Proben entnommen und über Permeations- bzw. Warmauslagerungsversuche die gefügespezifische Diffusion von Raumtemperatur bis 400°C charakterisiert. Im Gegensatz zu bekannten Effekten des Wärmebehandlungszustandes der Grundwerkstoffe auf die Diffusion in MSGSchweißverbindungen, zeigten die Wasserstoffdiffusionskoeffizienten über alle untersuchten Gefügezustände keine signifikanten Unterschiede, insbesondere nicht für die lokale WEZ diverser, untersuchter Streckenergiebereiche. Aus praktischer Anwendersicht können daher dickwandige UP-Verbindungen hinsichtlich einer verzögerten Wasserstoffdiffusion nur anhand der einfach ermittelbaren Diffusionskoeffizienten für den Grundwerkstoffkoeffizient beurteilt werden. Zudem zeigte sich, dass der unterschiedliche Walz- und Wärmebehandlungszustand (TM vs. QL) in UP-Schweißnähten eine untergeordnete Rolle für die Wasserstoffdiffusion und damit für die mögliche Zeitverzögerung der Kaltrissbildung hat. Ergänzende numerische Simulationen der Wasserstoffverteilung bestätigten das Verhalten. T2 - DVS Congress 2025 CY - Essen, Germany DA - 16.09.2025 KW - Unterpulverschweißen KW - Wasserstoffdiffusion KW - Wasserstoffunterstützte Kaltrissbildung KW - Wasserstoffrisse PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-96144-299-7 DO - https://doi.org/10.53192/DVSC20250330 VL - 401 SP - 330 EP - 340 PB - DVS Media GmbH CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-64132 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gleim, Tobias A1 - Monavari, Mehran A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - AI-driven Documentation Analysis for Safety Assessment of Packages with Hazardous Goods N2 - Transport packages for radioactive material require, dependent on type und quantity of the radioactive material, a regulatory approval. Safety assessments shall be conducted in compliance with the IAEA regulations and documented in a comprehensive package design safety report to obtain approval from authority. This comprehensive safety report evaluates a broad range of requirements from the regulations, including physical specifications, control measures, and testing assessments. Additionally, it encompasses supporting documents such as specifications, plans in a variety of complex documents. Safety and manufacturing reports contain multiple interconnected sub-reports covering various topics. Changes, such as component modifications, material property updates, standards, or regulatory revisions, often impact multiple sections of the safety analysis reports, making even minor adjustments complex and time-consuming. Each transport package has unique constraints, making every safety report distinct, despite following the same regulatory framework. This project aims to enhance data analysis and processing through AI-based approaches [4]. Automated methods for analysing and interlinking documentation will improve efficiency, accuracy, and consistency while reducing human error in safety assessments. A key challenge is that pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) lack domain-specific data on packaging safety, potentially leading to inaccurate results. To mitigate this, the project applies Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) in conjunction with LLMs. This approach integrates the strengths of pre-trained models with expert knowledge from databases and document repositories, ensuring accurate, well-founded, and transparent assessments. Beyond technical challenges, human factors must be considered early. New technologies often trigger resistance, if not introduced properly. Furthermore, long-term AI-reliance may lead to loss of expertise needed to solve complex problems. User-centred approach ensures effective implementation and lasting viability. This study evaluates the feasibility of using LLMs [2] and RAG [1, 3] for regulatory compliance in radioactive material transport. By analysing current documentation workflows, we assess how AI-driven tools can interpret complex safety reports and identify critical dependencies. Furthermore, we highlight the necessity of robust data governance, confidentiality measures, and AI reliability in this highly regulated domain. T2 - KONTEC 2025 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 17.09.2025 KW - AI-driven KW - QI-Digital KW - Retrieval-Augmented Generation KW - Large Language Model PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Kontec Gesellschaft für technische Kommunikation GmbH CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-64154 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lecompagnon, Julien A1 - Rooch, Ludwig A1 - Hassenstein, Christian A1 - Ziegler, Mathias ED - Sakagami, T. ED - Inoue, H. T1 - Total Focusing in the Virtual Wave Domain: 3D Defect Reconstruction Using Spatially Structured Laser Heating N2 - Classical active thermographic testing of industrial goods has mostly been limited to generating 2D defect maps. While for surface or near-surface defect detection, this is a desired result, for deeply buried defects, a 3D reconstruction of the defect geometry is coveted. This general trend can also be well observed in widely used NDT methods (radiography, ultrasonic testing), where the progression from 2D to 3D reconstruction methods has already made profound progress (CT, UT phased array transducers). Achieving a fully 3D defect reconstruction in active thermographic testing suffers from the diffusive nature of thermal processes. One possible solution to deal with thermal diffusion is the application of the virtual-wave concept, which, by solving an inverse problem, allows the diffusiveness to be extracted from the thermographic data in the post-processing stage. What is left follows propagating-wave physics, enabling the usage of well-known algorithms from ultrasonic testing. In this work, we present our progress in the 3D reconstruction of deeply buried defects using spatially structured laser heating in conjunction with applying the well-known total focusing method (TFM) in the virtual-wave domain. T2 - 18th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications (AITA 2025) CY - Kobe, Japan DA - 15.09.2025 KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Virtual wave concept KW - Laser thermography KW - Thermal thomography PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-641463 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2025129054 VL - 129 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-64146 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schepers, Winfried T1 - Die Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy-Bedingung als Genauigkeits- und Stabilitätsbedingung bei FEM-Berechnungen zur Wellenausbreitung N2 - Bei numerischen Berechnungen zur Wellenausbreitung im Zeitbereich mit der FE-Methode wird sehr häufig die Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy-Bedingung als zwingend einzuhaltende Bedingung für das Zeitschrittintegrationsverfahren genannt. Darin wird gefordert, dass eine sich ausbreitende Welle innerhalb eines Zeitschritts nicht mehr als die Distanz zum nächstgelegenen Knotenpunkt zurücklegen dürfe. Dies lässt erwarten, dass es sich um eine physikalisch begründbare Bedingung handelt. Es ist jedoch in der Literatur zu beobachten, dass nicht weiter ausgeführt wird, ob es sich um eine Genauigkeits- oder um eine Stabilitätsbedingung handelt, und ob sie für alle Zeitschrittverfahren einzuhalten ist oder nur für einige spezielle. Auch werden entsprechende Aussagen ohne weiteren Quellennachweis gemacht. Dieser Beitrag erläutert zunächst die Fragestellung, der Courant et al. in der Originalveröffentlichung von 1928 nachgegangen sind, und zeigt auf, welche Bedeutung die von ihnen gefundene Beziehung für die dort untersuchte Fragestellung hat. Anschließend wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit die dort gewonnenen Erkenntnisse auf FEM-Berechnungen übertragen werden können. Die Betrachtung der Stabilitätsbedingungen verschiedener Zeitschrittintegrationsverfahren im Kontext von FEM-Berechnungen in der Strukturdynamik zeigt anschließend, dass es sich bei der CFL-Bedingung nicht um eine physikalisch begründbare Beziehung, sondern um eine rein numerische Bedingung ohne physikalischen Hintergrund handelt. T2 - 19. D-A-CH Tagung Erdbebeningenieurwesen und Baudynamik CY - Vienna, Germany DA - 18.09.2025 KW - Numerische Methoden KW - Zeitschrittintegration KW - Verkehrserschütterungen PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-200-10710-6 DO - https://doi.org/10.34726/10599 SP - 259 EP - 264 PB - Österreichische Gesellschaft für Erdbebeningenieurwesen und Baudynamik (OGE) CY - Wien AN - OPUS4-64191 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schepers, Winfried T1 - Kritische Betrachtung der Impedanzfunktionen harmonisch angeregter Fundamente N2 - In den aktuellen Entwürfen des Eurocode 8 Teil 5 (FprEN 1998-5:2024) und auch des Euro-codes 7 Teil 3 (E DIN EN 1997-3:2022-10) werden Formeln für die Steifigkeiten eines Hal-braums mit einem darin eingebetteten starren masselosen Rechteckfundament gegenüber einer harmonischen Anregung angegeben. Die Formeln sind im Wesentlichen eine Kombination der Ergebnisse der Veröffentlichungen von Gazetas (1991) und Pais et al. (1988) über Forschungs-arbeiten, die in den 1980er Jahren durchgeführt wurden. Sie basieren auf numerischen Berech-nungen, deren Ergebnisse durch Ausgleichskurven approximiert wurden. Eine genauere Analyse der den Formeln zugrunde liegenden Veröffentlichungen zeigt einige Inkonsistenzen zwischen Eurocodes und den ursprünglichen Veröffentlichungen, deren Ursache nicht ohne weiteres er-kennbar ist. Darüber hinaus werden in den Eurocodes nur frequenzunabhängige Steifigkeiten angegeben. Das führt zu der Frage, wie verlässlich die Formeln sind. An zwei Beispielen wird nachfolgend die Notwendigkeit einer kritischen Verwendung der Impedanzfunktionen gezeigt. T2 - 19. D-A-CH Tagung Erdbebeningenieurwesen und Baudynamik CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 18.09.2025 KW - Impedanzen KW - Wellenausbreitung KW - Erschütterungen PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-200-10710-6 DO - https://doi.org/10.34726/10599 SP - 245 EP - 246 PB - Österreichische Gesellschaft für Erdbebeningenieurwesen und Baudynamik (OGE) CY - Wien AN - OPUS4-64187 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Brunner, Nanine A1 - Melzer, Michael T1 - Digital Certificates: Enabling Automation in Quality Assurance and Metrological Traceability N2 - Automation in the metrological traceability of measurements bears high potential for a more effective quality management with less human interaction and reduced risks from manual data processing. For this purpose all metrological and administrative information in quality certificates must be provided in a fully machine-readable and machine-interpretable form. Following the well-established approach of dig-ital calibration certificates (DCCs) also other digital quality certificates are currently under development. T2 - SMSI 2025 Conference – Sensor and Measurement Science International CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 06.05.2025 KW - Digital metrology KW - Calibration KW - Quality assurance KW - Reference materials KW - Automation PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-641930 SN - 978-3-910600-06-5 DO - https://doi.org/10.5162/SMSI2025/C6.4 SP - 171 EP - 172 PB - AMA Service GmbH CY - Wunstorf AN - OPUS4-64193 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ebell, Gino A1 - Scheerer, S. A1 - Fiedler, M. A1 - Schacht, G. A1 - Ritter, R. A1 - Marzahn, G. A1 - Marx, S. T1 - Die wechselvolle Geschichte der Carolabrücke in Dresden N2 - Am 11. September 2024 fand in Dresden ein Ereignis statt, welches man in Deutschland nicht erwartet hatte: der Teileinsturz einer Spannbetonbrücke unter Betrieb ohne Vorankündigung. Die Dresdner Carolabrücke war eine Ikone der Ingenieurbaukunst ihrer Zeit. Sie war ein sehr ästhetisches und schlankes Bauwerk. Ihre Konstruktion und Bau wären auch heute noch eine Herausforderung. Die vorhandenen Unterlagen zeugen von einer hohen Entwurfsqualität und einer sehr sorgsamen Bauausführung. Im Beitrag werden die Entstehungsgeschichte, die Konstruktion selbst und der Bau der Brücke vorgestellt. Es wird der Versuch der Rekonstruktion des Einsturzvorgangs unternommen und die Suche nach der Einsturzursache beschrieben. Am Schluss des Beitrags wird auf das aktuelle Überwachungskonzept eingegangen und ein Ausblick auf das mögliche weitere Vorgehen gegeben. T2 - 34. Dresdner Brückenbausymposium CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 19.03.2025 KW - Spanungsrisskorrosion KW - Wasserstoff KW - Spannstahl KW - Brücke PY - 2025 SP - 15 EP - 33 CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-63063 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zinas, Orestis A1 - Papaioannou, Iason A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Cuéllar, Pablo A1 - Baeßler, Matthias T1 - 3D spatial modelling of CPT data for probabilistic preliminary assessment of potential pile tip damage upon collision with boulders N2 - Tip damage of monopiles from boulder collisions during installation has emerged as a critical design issue, primarily due to the combination of the widespread use of large-diameter piles and the complexity of the ground conditions at the available sites. Recently, a framework relating potential pile tip damage to cone tip resistance from Cone Penetration Tests (CPTs) has been proposed in the literature. Gaussian processes are powerful stochastic models that enable probabilistic spatial interpolation of soil data at any location within a site. On this basis, this study utilizes sparse CPT data from a site in the North Sea, to first develop an efficient Gaussian process regression model, which is used to derive a three-dimensional (3D) probabilistic predictive map of the cone tip resistance. Assuming deterministic loading conditions and a factual collision with a boulder of pre-defined properties, the cone tip resistance predictive model is subsequently used for a probabilistic preliminary assessment of potential pile tip damage. Results of the analysis are realistic 3D probability maps of potential damage that aim to support engineering judgment and contribute towards cost-effective site investigation planning and offshore wind farm design. T2 - 5th International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics (ISFOG 2025) CY - Nantes, France DA - 09.06.2025 KW - CPT data KW - Gaussian process regression KW - Boulder impact KW - Preliminary pile tip damage assessment PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-634417 SN - 978-2-85782-758-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.53243/ISFOG2025-323 SP - 505 EP - 510 PB - International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering CY - London AN - OPUS4-63441 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baeßler, Matthias A1 - Balscheit, Hagen A1 - Geißler, Peter A1 - Schepers, Winfried A1 - Cuèllar, Pablo T1 - Evaluation of pile tip buckling based on large scale tests N2 - Der Beitrag beschreibt eine groß angelegte Versuchskampagne mit Pfahlrammungen, um das Risiko des plastischen Versagens der Pfahlspitze besser zu verstehen und numerische Modelle zu validieren. Ein numerisches Modell mit transientem Bodenkontakt zeigt eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den Testergebnissen. Parametervariationen verdeutlichen, wie empfindlich die Pfahlreaktion auf Imperfektionen und Randbedingungen ist. T2 - 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FRONTIERS IN OFFSHORE GEOTECHNICS CY - Nantes, France DA - 09.06.2025 KW - Pile Tip Buckling KW - Monopile KW - Offshore Windenergy KW - Driving Refusal KW - Large Scale Test PY - 2025 SN - 978-2-85782-758-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.53243/ISFOG2025-476 SP - 1218 EP - 1223 PB - International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) CY - Nantes AN - OPUS4-63387 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Reichel, Levin A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Michael, Thomas A1 - Schroepfer, Dirk A1 - Kannengiesser, Thomas T1 - Modern welding processes for optimizing repair welding on high-strength offshore steels N2 - The successful energy transition in Germany will require offshore wind turbines with outputs >10 MW in the future, for which high-strength steels with a yield strength of up to 500 MPa and wall thicknesses up to 150 mm are increasingly being used. The repair of weld seams when detecting defects during NDT requires localized gouging and rewelding. This involves high demands on welding manufacturing, especially for highstrength steels. Due to a lack of investigations, there are no repair concepts and information in standards and guidelines, particularly for high-strength thick plate joints made of high-strength offshore steels. However, these are urgently needed to enable processors, especially SMEs, to carry out safe and economical repairs. Therefore, BAM startedthe FOSTA project P1629 (IGF 01IF22746N) to investigate the stress-optimized repair(local gouging and welding) of high-strength thick plate joints made of offshore grades in the yield strength range off 355 to 460 MPa and similar weld metal with controlled high-performance GMAW processes and optimized narrower gouging grooves. The experimental analyses consider the complex interaction of material, process, and designrelated influences on the formation of weld-related stresses and the special microstructure of high-strength fine-grain structural steels. Welding-related material Degradation and crack-critical residual tensile stresses need to be avoided to ensure high component safety and performance. With component-related welding experiments on special testing equipment, adapted process and heat control concepts along with variable groove configurations will be developed and recommendations for guidelines elaborated. This is the prerequisite for fully utilizing the strength potential of high-strength steels and making a valuable contribution to the energy transition in Germany, especially for steelprocessing SMEs. T2 - 6. Symposium Materialtechnik CY - Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany DA - 20.02.2025 KW - Narrow groove KW - Optimized repair welding KW - Modern welding processes KW - High-strength steel PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-636520 DO - https://doi.org/10.21268/20250507-5 SP - 3 EP - 15 AN - OPUS4-63652 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nagelschmidt, Sven T1 - Application study of time-temperature correlation methods on test data of metal seals N2 - Reliable experimental data and prediction models are required to evaluate the behavior of components and materials over long periods of time. One method is based on the time-temperature equivalence principle, according to which a state or material property occurs or can be achieved equivalently at different time-temperature combinations. Higher temperatures generally shorten the duration and vice versa. Based on this approach, the long-term behavior of metal seals, as used in storage containers for spent nuclear fuels and high-level radioactive waste, has been studied at BAM and other institutions around the world for several years. However, such tests are often not planned as a preliminary point regarding the basic conditions of time-temperature related models. Gaps are then sometimes identified during the evaluation, for example because certain temperature values are missing, or the measurement intervals were not selected appropriately. This study evaluates exemplarily the status of the test data of metal seals at the BAM regarding the applicability of existing time-temperature correlation methods and corresponding models. Based on the existing database, the aim is to show which method and model are more likely to be applicable and which additional tests might be necessary to obtain a more suitable database. The tests so far have provided important findings for the planning and adaptation of possible further tests and for suitable model developments. Identified gaps in the data basis led to further development of the methods. In the present work, a time-temperature correlation was determined based on a time-temperature parameter from GRAHAM and WALLES for a selected data range. T2 - Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference PVP2025 CY - Montreal, Canada DA - 20.07.2025 KW - Time-temperature equivalence KW - Metal seals, KW - Time-temperature superposition KW - Time-temperature parameters PY - 2025 VL - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - ASME CY - USA AN - OPUS4-63789 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ghaznavi, Ali A1 - Kästle, Emanuel D. A1 - Popiela, Bartosz A1 - Duffner, Eric T1 - Damage monitoring of hydrogen composite pressure vessels using acoustic emission technique and machine learning N2 - A good understanding of the structural stability of hydrogen composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPV) is important for the cost-effective design and safe operation of hydrogen storage systems. Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring is a non-destructive method sensitive to microstructural damages such as e.g. fiber breakage, and matrix cracking in COPVs. This study proposes a novel approach for damage monitoring by integrating acoustic emission techniques with machine learning (ML) algorithms to classify and predict damage types in COPVs. However, training accurate classification models requires extensive labeled datasets, which are very challenging to generate due to the nature of AE signal data and the lack of in-situ observations of microscopic failures in COPVs. Our research overcomes this limitation by automating the labeling process of AE signal data for different COPVs using unsupervised ML methods. The most representative features were extracted and then selected from recorded AE signals. Different unsupervised clustering algorithms were utilized based on various extracted feature combinations. The most stable clustering result was achieved and later used as appropriate labels for training classification algorithms. A deep neural network-based deep learning (DL) architecture was used to train discriminative models on AE data, identify patterns, and classify damage types into different classes with improved accuracy and speed for each COPV. Results demonstrate the potential of the proposed combined deep learning approach to train predictive models in identifying failure patterns. The trained models based on individual COPVs show high training, validation, and test accuracy for unseen datasets and offer enhanced predictive capabilities by following advanced DL techniques compared to traditional monitoring methods. The proposed method highlights its potential to improve the efficiency and safety of hydrogen storage systems. T2 - SCHALL 25 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 26.03.2025 KW - Sequential Neural Network KW - Acoustic Emission KW - Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels KW - Damagemonitoring KW - Machine Learning KW - Deep Learning KW - Deep Neural Network PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-629040 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/30958 SP - 1 EP - 12 AN - OPUS4-62904 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Epple, Niklas A1 - Sanchez Trujillo, Camila A1 - Fontoura Barroso, Daniel A1 - Hau, Julia A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst ED - Lienhart, Werner ED - Krüger, Markus T1 - Monitoring of Concrete Infrastructure with Active Ultrasound Coda Wave Interferometry N2 - Coda Wave Interferometry has been used in Geophysics to detect weak changes in scattering media. Past research in Structural Health Monitoring has shown that this methodology can be applied to concrete structures to detect material changes by calculation of relative velocity changes. Successive measurements with embedded ultrasonic transducers provide a repeatable signal for reliable long-term monitoring of concrete. To research the application in real-world structures, we have embedded ultrasonic transducers in a bridge in Ulm and a Metro station in Munich, Germany. This study gives an overview of the monitoring of these two structures. The results show the potential and challenges of the method. Data evaluation can be largely automated to gain insights into material changes and other influences on the structure, such as traffic-induced load and temperature variations. The experiments demonstrate the ease of installation, longevity of the sensor installation, and sensitivity of the measurement technique, but highlight problems with the application, especially if electromagnetic noise affects data quality. As no confirmed substantial damage was recorded during the monitoring period on both structures, we evaluate load tests to investigate the effect of static load on the structures and the coda monitoring results. The experiments show that the influence of load can be detected, even if the temperature influence is not removed from the data. This indicates that online damage detection with coda monitoring is possible, but further research on damage detection in real-world structures has to be conducted to confirm laboratory findings. T2 - 13th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure CY - Graz, Austria DA - 01.09.2025 KW - Active Ultrasound Measurements KW - Coda Wave Monitoring KW - Embedded Transducers PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-640582 DO - https://doi.org/10.3217/978-3-99161-057-1-012 SP - 45 EP - 51 PB - Technische Universität Graz CY - Graz AN - OPUS4-64058 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Marquardt, Raphael A1 - Biegler, Max A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Influence of laser power on the melt pool shape of handheld laser beam welding of 1.5 mm thick micro alloyed steel N2 - Manual welding of structures requires highly skilled welders due to the large heat-affected zone of arc-based processes, that can negatively impact microstructure and cause distortion. Handheld laser beam welding is a promising alternative with high welding velocity and a concentrated heat input. However, its current use in industry is limited to parts with aesthetic requirements, often made of high-alloyed steel. To extend the use of handheld laser beam welding to low-cost steels with good mechanical properties, this study investigates the influence of laser power on the melt pool shape for micro-alloyed steel with a thickness of 1.5 mm. Tested joint geometries are T-joints welded with filler wire as well as butt joints and overlap joints without filler wire, which are typically found in assemblies under mechanical load. Weld quality is assessed by weld porosity analysis. The results show that the handheld laser beam welding with filler wire produces T-joints with a very good external appearance, but with porosity between level C and D in the cross sections according to DIN EN ISO 13919-1. By increasing the laser power, a deep penetration of the T-joint zone can be achieved without increasing the actual throat thickness. For handheld laser beam welding of butt joints a full penetration weld of the highest quality class can be reached. Overlap joints can be welded with full or partial penetration depending on the laser power selected, with quality classes between B and C in terms of porosity. T2 - 20th Nordic Laser Materials Processing Conference CY - Kongens Lyngby, Denmark DA - 26.08.2025 KW - Hand held laser welding KW - Laser beam welding KW - Low alloyed steel KW - Process parameter PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-641671 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1332/1/012015 SN - 1757-899X VL - 1332 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Institute of Physics CY - London [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-64167 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wang, Kun A1 - Lu, Xin A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Hicke, Konstantin T1 - Water absorption effects on distributed temperature sensing using polyimide-coated optical fiber N2 - Polyimide-coated fibers are becoming more popular for distributed temperature sensing (DTS) because this coating can withstand much higher temperatures than the standard acrylate coating. As a hygroscopic material, polyimide can absorb water from the air, changing its properties, which may result in a modified temperature response of the sensing fiber. This study investigates the effect of water absorption on the performance of polyimide-coated optical fibers with different sizes and properties. The thermal response of these fibers was determined experimentally from 20°C to 90°C at a broad relative humidity level ranging from 10% to 90%. The results show that all the fibers experienced a decrease in temperature sensitivity as humidity increased, with the most noticeable non-linear spectral shift observed at higher humidity levels. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing fiber design and coating properties to balance stability and sensitivity, ensuring the reliable performance of DTS systems under extreme environmental conditions. T2 - 29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors CY - Porto, Portugal DA - 26.05.2025 KW - Humidity sensing KW - Distributed temperature sensing KW - Optical fiber sensors KW - Temperature sensing KW - Water absorption KW - Polyimide-coated fiber PY - 2025 SN - 978-1-5106-9187-2 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3062748 VL - 13639 SP - 136393W-1 EP - 136393W-4 PB - SPIE AN - OPUS4-63642 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lu, Xin A1 - Schukar, Marcus T1 - Humidity response analysis of optical fibers with hygroscopic coatings based on Lamé’s equations N2 - Optical fibers with hygroscopic coatings are widely used for humidity sensing, where the coating expands upon absorbing water, inducing strain in the fiber. This strain is then used to determine humidity. However, previous studies have oversimplified the strain generation process. A comprehensive three-dimensional model of the mechanical interaction between the coating and the fiber is built based on Lamé’s equations. An analytical expression for the induced strain is derived. The proposed model predicts larger humidity-induced strain compared to the reported ones, given the same Young’s modulus or coefficient of humidity expansion for the coating. Interestingly, the effect of coating thickness on strain response are quite similar for both methods. Experimental validation using fibers with a polyimide coating shows strong agreement with the theoretical predictions. T2 - 29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors CY - Porto, Portugal DA - 26.05.2025 KW - Reflectometry KW - Distributed fiber sensing KW - Humidity sensors KW - Lamé’s equations KW - Optical fiber sensors KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Rayleigh scattering PY - 2025 SN - 978-1-5106-9188-9 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3060891 VL - 13639 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - SPIE AN - OPUS4-63257 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lu, Xin A1 - Hicke, Konstantin T1 - Polarization-diversity-detection-based wavelength-scanning coherent-optical-time-domain reflectometer and its application for bus monitoring N2 - Although wavelength scanning coherent optical time-domain reflectometry (WS-COTDR) system is immune to fading effect, it suffers from occasional and localized large errors caused by the false peak in the correlation spectrum due to the large signal generated in the random interference of the backscattered light. Polarization diversity detection is applied to a standard WS-COTDR system to suppress large measurement errors. In this way, the orthogonally polarized components of backscattered light can be obtained and processed separately. Due to the birefringence of the sensing fiber, the components experience different interference processes, so the average of their correlation spectrum can suppress the false peaks and finally reduce the occurrence of larger errors. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated in laboratory for monitoring of sinusoidal vibrations and in field for tracking the bus movement via a dark fiber. T2 - 29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors CY - Porto, Portugal DA - 26.05.2025 KW - Traffic monitoring KW - Coherent optical time domain reflectometry KW - Distributed fiber sensing KW - Polarization diversity detection PY - 2025 SN - 978-1-5106-9187-2 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3060889 VL - 13639 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - SPIE AN - OPUS4-63258 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schubert, Sven A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Reichardt, Adrian A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Experiences with the implementation of ageing management for packages for transport of radioactive materials in Germany N2 - The consideration of ageing mechanisms is now obligatory for the design of transport packages with integration of the para 613A into IAEA SSR-6 (Rev. 1). In addition, para 809(f) of SSR-6 (Rev. 1) requires for packages intended to be used for shipment after storage the consideration of the effects of ageing mechanisms during storage in safety analyses and the implementation of corresponding instructions for operation and maintenance. Para 503(e) requires that these packages have been maintained during storage in a manner that all requirements specified in SSR-6 (Rev.1) and in the applicable certificates of approval have been fulfilled. The evaluation of ageing mechanisms and their effects including monitoring are part of BAM’s authority assessment tasks related to the mechanical and thermal package design and quality assurance aspects. BAM has compiled the guideline BAM-GGR 023 for the implementation of ageing assessment and related measures into the approval procedure. The implementation of ageing management measures is obligatory in case of extension/renewal of package design approval certificates. BAM has evaluated package designs which are used only for transport as well as package designs for long term interim storage. The assessment of ageing mechanisms associated with the identification of ageing effects on components is the main part of the ageing management plan (AMP). Different approaches regarding AMP structure are introduced. Experiences and approaches about the evaluation of components for the expected package operating time are shown. We are focusing the evaluations of proofs for not accessible and not replaceable components. Operational experiences for these package designs are available and should be considered in the ageing evaluation. Corresponding measures for package monitoring are to be derived based on these results. The measures for monitoring shall be fixed in the Ageing Surveillance Program (ASP) to maintain a specification conform package for the transport on public routes. We show exemplary how results from ageing evaluation during the approval procedure are transferred into the ASP. T2 - PATRAM 2025 CY - San Antonio, Texas , US DA - 27.07.2025 KW - RAM KW - Ageing management KW - Radioactive material KW - Transport PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - INMM CY - Washington D.C. AN - OPUS4-63987 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Feldkamp, Martin A1 - Linnemann, Konrad A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Conclusions from the first return campaign of vitrified High-Level Waste on sea going vessels from the competent authority N2 - Germany has to take back vitrified waste from the reprocessing plants in France and Great Britain. The waste resulted from decades of transporting spent fuel for reprocessing to La Hague and Sellafield. The return campaign from France was concluded in 2024 with the transport of five CASTOR® HAW28M casks to the interim storage facility in Philippsburg in southern Germany. The return of waste from Sellafield comprises three campaigns and a total of 20 CASTOR® HAW28M casks. The first campaign was performed in 2020, consisting of six CASTOR® HAW28M casks, while the second campaign was performed in March 2025, consisting of seven CASTOR® HAW28M casks. The casks were transported by rail from Sellafield to the port in Barrow-in-Furness, where they were loaded into a dedicated seagoing vessel, certified as INF Class 3 according to the INF Code. This was the first time that vitrified high level waste with considerable heat load was transported under a German design approval certificate. The third campaign is expected to be performed during 2026. BAM as part of the German competent authority system was among others involved in the assessment of the sea transport. BAM required for the first transport, among others, an assessment of temperature distribution during transport, logging of temperatures of cargo bays and graphical imaging of temperatures of the bay with the cask to ensure compliance with temperature specifications, e.g. maximal neutron absorber and gasket temperatures. Special interest was taken in the identification of possible events exceeding the specified temperatures considering the different philosophies of the IMDG code and its supplement the INF code regarding temperature control of hatches. Results show compliance with assumed conditions. T2 - PATRAM 2025 CY - San Antonio, Texas, USA DA - 27.07.2025 KW - RAM KW - Transport KW - Radioactive material KW - Sea PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - INMM CY - Washington D.C. AN - OPUS4-63984 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Lars A1 - Scheidemann, Robert A1 - Neumeyer, Tino A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Thightness Assessment of welded Lids for Encapsulations of damaged Spent Nuclear Fuel in the Design Approval Process of Dual-Purpose Casks (DPC) N2 - The disposal of spent nuclear fuel in Germany is ensured using dual-purpose casks (DPC) for transport and interim storage. The leak tightness of the DPC and resulting containment is one of the most important aspects. Additional encapsulations are required for damaged spent nuclear fuel (DSNF) to guarantee safe handling and a separate tight closure. Due to the general design of DPCs for standard fuel assemblies should special requirements be considered for the design of the encapsulations for DSNF to ensure the loading in existing package designs. The absence of a replaceable sealing in the tightness barrier is the main difference for the encapsulations for damaged spent nuclear fuel. Instead, they are welded shut with a lid. The leak tightness of the encapsulation shall be proven in the design approval process for all transport conditions. This is especially valid for accident conditions of transport, where high internal impact forces may occur. BAM as German competent authority is responsible for the safety assessment of mechanical and thermal design, retention of radioactive material and quality assurance aspects of manufacturing and operation. BAM carried out a comprehensive safety assessment concerning the mechanical package design. As there are no representative standards for verifying the leak tightness of a welded lid, two approaches were being pursued. Established German standards may be used for verifying the leak tightness of a weld - but limited to low stresses. Therefore, physical tests were required for higher impact loads. Representative drop tests and highly sensitive leakage tests were performed. The paper presents an overview of the containment assessment by BAM and points out the main findings for the design of welds regarding leak tightness. Both verification procedures are described, on one hand with German standards for lower loads and on the other hand with physical tests for higher impact loads. The leak tightness of the encapsulation weld could be approved based on leakage tests and a corresponding evaluation for all transport conditions. T2 - PATRAM 2025 CY - San Antonio, Texas, USA DA - 27.07.2025 KW - Transport packages KW - Tightness assessment KW - Welded lids KW - Encapsulations PY - 2025 VL - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM) CY - Indianapolis AN - OPUS4-64023 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Guitton, Matthieu A1 - Chrupek, Thierry A1 - Leblanc, Vincent A1 - Van derTuijn, Jeroen A1 - Kaufhold, Dominik A1 - Kesting, Frederik A1 - Müller, Lars T1 - Multilateral approval of a SCO-III (three spent steam generator lower parts from EDF Fessenheim nuclear power plant) multimodal shipment N2 - A Surface Contaminated Object (SCO) is defined as a solid object which is not itself radioactive, but which has radioactive material distributed on its surfaces. The 2018 Edition of the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material (SSR-6 Rev. 1) introduced the group SCO-III to transport unpackaged large objects. The two pressurized water reactors of the Fessenheim Nuclear Power Plant, owned by EDF, were shut down in 2020. Previously, for maintenance operations in the year 2002 and 2010, the three steam generators – over 20 metres long, 300 tons – of each reactor were taken out from the reactors, divided in two and stored on site: - EDF shipped the six upper parts, as SCO-I, to Cyclife, in Studsvik (Sweden), in 2021, to be recycled; - EDF plans two transports of the lower parts (three parts for each transport), as SCO-III (considering the higher activity due to the NPP primary coolant) to the same facility. Modes of transport are, from consignor to consignee, road, inland waterways and maritime. The countries crossed by inland waterways, from Neuf-Brisach to Dunkerque (France), are France, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands. According to the para. 825 of SSR-6 Rev. 1, “multilateral approval shall be required for the shipment of SCO-III”. EDF has submitted to all Competent Authorities an application (para. 827A of SSR-6 Rev. 1), including a transport plan and demonstrations to withstand normal conditions of transport. Despite SSR-6 Rev. 1, national regulations have their own specificities and each Competent Authority has its own assessment procedures. Nevertheless, involved Authorities agreed for a joint review, which included: - the understanding of national regulatory requirements, - the expected level of detail and quality of the safety case, - the feedback from previous shipments of similar type, - the contents, including the conditions, of the approvals to be issued. This joint review demonstrated good coordination between authorities, enabling the application to be processed rapidly, and the various authorities to benefit from each other's expertise and feedback. This was of particular importance, as it was the first application for the transport of an SCO-III assessed by the Competent Authorities involved. Finally, the authorities were able to issue approvals, whose format is certainly in line with their national provisions, but whose content and level of requirements in terms of transport safety are consistent. T2 - PATRAM 2025 CY - San Antonio, Texas, USA DA - 27.07.2025 KW - Shipment KW - Multilateral approval KW - Steam generator KW - SCO-III PY - 2025 VL - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM) CY - Indianapolis AN - OPUS4-64026 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Fire Retardancy Featuring Sustainability: Food for Thought between Fake Fiction and Future N2 - Sustainability, or in other words, exploiting resources under the terms of environmental conservation for the economic welfare and prosperity continuously over time, would revolutionise the plastics industry were it to become predominant practice as a linear, fossil-fuel–based economy is switched to a carbon circular economy. Food for though is given by dint of a critical overview of the current trends and mainly by sketching our own key projects performed in the field of sustainable flame-retardant polymeric materials in the recent years. T2 - Interflam 2025 CY - London, United Kingdom DA - 30.06.2025 KW - Biocomposites KW - Sustainability KW - Renewable KW - Bio wastefibres KW - Fire Behavior PY - 2025 VL - 1 SP - 187 EP - 190 PB - Interscience Communications Ltd AN - OPUS4-63681 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stanisavljevic, Mila A1 - Essel, S. A1 - Karbach, N. A1 - Zirzow, Johannes A1 - Hoffmann, T. A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. T1 - Performance Assessment of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Sensors for D rone Based Environmental Gas Monitoring N2 - This study evaluates the performance of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) sensors mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for gas detection in open-field environments. Sensors were tested simultaneously during UAV flights over artificial gas sources, with wind data collected from two anemometers to understand plume dynamics. Field-deployed CH₄ sensors provided validation for the UAV-based measurements. The results demonstrate the sensors' effectiveness in gas detection. T2 - Sensor and Measurement Science International (SMSI) CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 06.05.2025 KW - UAV-based gas sensing KW - Sensor comparison KW - Methane and carbon dioxide detection PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-910600-06-5 DO - https://doi.org/10.5162/SMSI2025/B1.3 SP - 77 EP - 78 PB - AMA Service GmbH CY - Wunstorf AN - OPUS4-64038 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stührenberg, Jan A1 - Häusler, Felix S. A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Dragos, Kosmas A1 - Smarsly, Kay ED - Francis, A. ED - Miresco, E. ED - Melhado, S. T1 - Multi-Agent-Based Swarm Gas Source Localization Using Nano Aerial Robots N2 - Gas source localization (GSL) is crucial for mitigating the impact of industrial accidents and natural disasters, for example finding leaks in oil and gas facilities or survivors in collapsed environments. Traditional GSL methods involving human intervention may be hazardous and time-consuming. Utilizing swarms of agile and cost-effective nano aerial robots holds the potential to enhance the safety and efficiency of GSL operations. This study draws inspiration from biological swarms, particularly colonies of social insects, to coordinate and optimize the performance of nano aerial robotic swarms. While most existing swarm GSL strategies assume gas concentration maxima to be in close proximity to actual gas sources, recent research has highlighted the importance of “bouts” as a more precise indicator of gas source proximity, considering the intermittency of gas distributions. In this paper, a swarm GSL strategy is introduced that incorporates bouts as indicators of source proximity, complemented by a bio-inspired pheromone communication system. Specifically, nano aerial robots are deployed as autonomous agents. Upon detecting bouts, the agents emit pheromone markers in an artificial environment, mimicking social insects. Using the concept of artificial potential fields, the agents either exploit the search space by following pheromone gradients or explore the search space. The proposed swarm GSL strategy is implemented and validated in a real-world experiment, conducted in an indoor environment with a single gas source. The experimental results demonstrate the capability of the swarm GSL strategy to perform effectively in indoor environments and that the intermittency of gas distributions is a better source proximity indicator than the mean concentration. It is concluded that this research may provide a methodological basis for improving gas source localization techniques and enhancing disaster response capabilities. T2 - ICCCBE 2024 CY - Montreal, Canada DA - 25.08.2024 KW - Gas source localization KW - Nano aerial robots KW - Mobile robotic olfaction KW - Bouts KW - Swarm robotics PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-031-87363-8 SN - 978-3-031-87364-5 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87364-5_28 SN - 2366-2557 VL - 2025 SP - 337 EP - 346 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland CY - Cham AN - OPUS4-63416 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gleim, Tobias ED - Monavari, Mehran ED - Bertovic, Marija ED - Wille, Frank T1 - AI-Based Documentation Analysis for Safety Assessment of Packages for Radioactive Material N2 - The transportation of radioactive material requires, dependent on type and quantity of the radioactive material, a regulatory approval based on the package type. Safety assessments shall be conducted in compliance with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) regulations and documented in a comprehensive package design safety report to obtain approval from authority. This comprehensive safety report evaluates a broad range of requirements from the regulations, including mechanical, thermal, shielding, criticality and transport requirements and controls, and testing assessments. Additionally, it encompasses supporting documents such as specifications, inspections, certifications, drawings, and guidelines in a variety of complex documents. Safety and manufacturing reports contain multiple interconnected sub-reports covering various topics. Changes, such as component modifications, material property updates, or regulatory revisions, often impact multiple sections of the safety analysis reports, making even minor adjustments complex and time-consuming. Each transport package has unique requirements to be fulfilled, making every safety report distinct, despite following the same regulatory framework. Most documentation exists in standard digital formats but is often not machine interpretable, preventing automated analysis of the critical dependencies between them. This paper argues that moving beyond simple digitization towards structured knowledge representation is essential for addressing these challenges. We propose a multi-stage approach, beginning with foundational AI technologies such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), and progressing toward the construction of Knowledge Graphs (KGs). KGs convert unstructured and semi-structured information into a connected, queryable network, enabling precise tracing and visualization of complex interdependencies within the documentation landscape. By linking interpretable content directly to datasheets, tables, simulations, experimental results, standards, and regulations, such a system would automatically identify changes and interdependencies. Related conditions could be validated using AI-based tools, reducing the need for manual intervention, improving both efficiency and safety. Human error plays a significant role in drafting, reviewing, and revising safety reports, often requiring iterative review cycles and multiple reviewers before approval. A digital quality infrastructure could reduce iterations and further improve efficiency. Integrating AI into this process could optimize safety assessments and enhance their robustness by leveraging interpretability to enhance safety. This preliminary study explores the readiness and requirements for using intelligent documentation analysis system in the context of regulatory compliance for package safety for the transport of radioactive material. By analysing current documentation workflows, we identify how LLM-based tools can interpret complex safety reports and highlight critical interdependencies and then demonstrate why a KG-based architecture is necessary to robustly manage and query critical interdependencies. This lays the groundwork for future agentic AI systems capable of proactively supporting the safety assessment lifecycle, while stressing the importance of robust data governance and AI reliability in this highly regulated context. T2 - PATRAM 2025 CY - San Antonio, TX, USA DA - 27.07.2025 KW - AI, RAG, LLM, Knowledge Graph PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM) AN - OPUS4-63863 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Naster, Maximilian A1 - Gleim, Tobias A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Experimental and numerical analyses of hydrogen flames for the thermal testing of transport packages for radioactive material N2 - In this paper we present an update of the hydrogen based test rig for an ongoing feasibility study of using hydrogen as an energy source for the thermal testing of transport packages containing radioactive materials [ The test rig is capable of combusting hydrogen for a wide range of different burner geometries, mass flows , hydrogen blends and single jet flame operation s as well as a full array of burners for thermal testing can be set up. As this type of fire test according to the IAEA boundary conditions does not yet exist, a large number of preliminary investigations, safety assessments and simulations must be carried out in order to develop a viable concept for hydrogen fires. In a first step of the feasibility study, the temperature , structure, and radiative behavior of hydrogen jet flames must be surveyed. The simulation with a single hydrogen flame was investigated in a previous work. In the next step the results are used to study the interaction and structural behavior of multiple jet flames in proximity with varying nozzle distances. With the test rig completed, it will be possible in future works to design burner frames suitable for fire reference tests to make comparisons with pool and propane fires used in assessment procedure today. Thus, preliminary comparative numerical simulations are conducted to model the behavior of overlapping hydrogen jet flames using the software package Ansys®. This paper gives an overview on the current state and design of the test rig. Furthermore, the results of the simulations show that nozzle geometry, mas s flow and nozzle distance provide significant design margin for designing a test fire capable of fully engulfing a specimen. T2 - PVP2025, Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference CY - Montreal, Quebec, Canada DA - 20.07.2025 KW - Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) KW - Fire testing KW - Hydrogen KW - IAEA PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-63864 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Affagard, Jean-Sebastien A1 - Gleim, Tobias A1 - Louis, Baptiste A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Ledroit, Frédéric A1 - Létang, Eric T1 - Towards a simplifiedmodel of the delayed impact: numerical and experimental outlook N2 - The IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material No. SSR-6 require drop tests for demonstrating the ability of a package to withstand accident conditions of transport. In case a gap exists between the contents and the lid, it can result in a delayed impact of the content onto the lid system during a vertical drop test. The kinematic energy transmitted to the lid in such cases can be significant due to the stiffness of the impact, leading to high stresses in the bolts compared to a configuration without a gap. In the past, IRSN and BAM have individually investigated the modelling of the delayed impact phenomenon. BAM has examined the effects of the delayed impact phenomenon for spent fuel packages in a comparative analysis between experiments and simulations, which was presented at SMIRT 2013. Meanwhile, IRSN’s has developed a simple numerical tool that can quickly evaluate the influence of various parameters before considering a more complex finite element numerical calculation. This tool was presented at PATRAM 2022. In 2023, BAM and IRSN (now ASNR - French nuclear safety and radiation protection authority) decided to jointly pursue their study on the delayed impact phenomenon, incorporating damping effects, by developing new insights and techniques. To this end, a controlled and simplified set of experiments needs to be developed to calibrate and validate the simplified model. These experiments will record velocity, position of parts, strain and accelerations. The parameters and the configurations necessary for the development of the mock-up, as well as the placement and quantity of sensors, are determined through extensive pre-calculations using both complex finite element models and the simplified approach. A key challenge involves precisely controlling the drop of the mock-up to accurately replicate the theoretical contact and damping conditions. Advanced sensor technologies will be employed to acquire reliable and sufficient data. The tests are designed and conducted at BAM's TTS drop test facility in collaboration with ASNR. T2 - PATRAM 2025 CY - San Antonio, TX, USA DA - 27.07.2025 KW - Experiments KW - Impact KW - Drop Tower PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 11 CY - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM) AN - OPUS4-63870 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Feldkamp, Martin A1 - Gleim, Tobias A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Werner, Jan A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Fire Test Stand for Thermal Testing of Large Packages for the Transport of Radioactive Materials N2 - Packages for the transport of high level radioactive materials are designed to withstand severe accidents. These packages must comply with the specific safety requirements SSR 6 [ of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). To guarantee compliance with these requirements, specific mechanical and thermal tests need to be addressed r egard ing the package type. Typically, the r egulations prescribe mechanical tests followed by a thermal test as part of a cumulative test scenario. The thermal test is specified by the exposure of a test specimen for a period of 30 minutes to a thermal environment that provides a heat flux equivalent to that of a hydrocarbon fuel air fire with an av erage fire temperature of at least 800 °C fully flame engulfing the test specimen. The Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) operates various test facilities for this purpose at their Test Site for Technical Safety (near Berlin in Germany). Thermal tests for large packages are conducted in an established fire test stand that may be adapted by the test setup to the geometric boundary conditions of a test specimen. This fire test stand is built for test specimens with masses up to 200,000 kg an d geometric dimensions relating to large transport packages including their impact limiters. The test specimen is usually placed on a water cooled support frame in the middle of the test stand. The fire is realized by burning propane gas which is released in liquid state from an array of gas nozzles arranged in the form of a burner ring surrounding the test specimen. For particularly extra large test specimens, two burner rings are used on top of each other and at different heights to firstly achieve full f ire engulfment with a significantly larger volume of fire and secondly to achieve the required heat output , cf. In advance of a regular thermal test BAM usually performs so called fire reference tests to determine the test conditions for compliance with the IAEA requirements. These tests are performed using a generic package which corresponds to the external geometr ic dimensions of the test specimen used later in the approval test. Then, this reference package is exposed to a fire under defined test parameters whereas the corresponding heat input determined from the temperature changes measured is regarded as main cr iterion for proofing compliance with the IAEA criteria. The paper shows the experimental proof of the suitability of BAM’s fire test stand for thermal testing of extra large packages. The heat input and fire temperatures fully meet the IAEA criteria and can also be set significantly higher for example for extra regulatory testing. T2 - PATRAM 2025 CY - San Antonio, TX, USA DA - 27.07.2025 KW - IAEA Regu-lations KW - Fire Test Stand KW - Accident Scenario KW - Fire Qualification PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 10 CY - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM) AN - OPUS4-63872 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Müller, Lars A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Shipment of SCO-II – Authority assessment of mechanical aspects and quality management N2 - The decommissioning of nuclear facilities necessitates either the storage or disposal of large radioactive components such as steam generators, pressurizers, reactor pressure vessels and heads, or coolant pumps. These components or objects are large in size and mass with up to 6 meters in diameter and 20 meters in length and a weight of up to 400 tons. They are often transported to a storage, disposal, or recycling facility. Large components from nuclear facilities may often not be packed and need to be transported unpackaged due to size and weight. T2 - PATRAM 2025 CY - San Antonio, TX, USA DA - 27.07.2025 KW - radioaktive Stoffe, Rückbau kerntechnischer Anlagen, Transport, Gefahrgut PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-63878 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Simbruner, Kai A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Analysis of Zirconium Hydride Structures in Spent Fuel Claddings Subjected to Storage Conditions N2 - Pre-storage drying and the early stage of storage can subject spent fuel claddings to higher temperatures and higher tensile hoop stresses than those associated with in-reactor operation. Under these conditions, existing circumferential hydrides in zirconium-based alloys can be partly reoriented into radial ones that may result in embrittlement of the cladding material. As a consequence, the failure limits may be reduced under mechanical loads caused by handling or during transport after storage. The potential occurrence of brittle fracture strongly depends on the specific location, size, and orientation of the zirconium hydrides. The morphology of such hydride structures was experimentally investigated in unirradiated, hydrogen-loaded samples made of a zirconium-based alloy. The hydrogen was introduced into the cladding sample by means of a cathodic charging process. The loading process was followed by a thermal treatment to precipitate the hydrides in the circumferential direction and then a thermomechanical treatment to reorient the hydrides in the radial direction. Metallographic methods were used to describe and classify the hydride morphology. The resulting metallographic micrographs were evaluated using suitable radial hydride metrics. The determination of the maximum length of a hydride structure was carried out in two different ways, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Both methods consider neighboring hydrides as continuous according to the definition of the Radial Hydride Continuity Factor (RHCF). The first option is to measure the Euclidean distance between the two most distant pixels of the hydride structure in the image analysis, whereby the actual maximum size of the hydride structure is determined. The second possibility is to measure the maximum size of a hydride or a hydride structure within a certain arc length in the radial direction of the cladding tube. This value is of particular interest because the ratio of the maximum radial size of a hydride structure to the wall thickness of the cladding tube is used for the safety assessment of spent fuel claddings with radial hydrides using the RHCF. T2 - 21st International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials - PATRAM 2025 CY - San Antonio, TX, USA DA - 27.07.2025 KW - Extended Interim Storage KW - Nuclear Fuel Cladding KW - Zirconium Hydride Structure KW - Ring Compression Test KW - Micrograph Analysis PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 8 CY - Indianapolis, IN, USA AN - OPUS4-63875 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Popiela, Bartosz A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Breithaupt, Mathias A1 - Günzel, Stephan A1 - Mair, Georg W. A1 - Krebber, Katerina A1 - Seidlitz, Holger T1 - Embedding of Fiber Optic Sensors Under Industrial Conditions and Distributed Strain Sensing in Type 4 Composite Pressure Vessels N2 - The number of in-operation composite pressure vessels is increasing, partly due to their attractiveness for on-board compressed gas storage and transport applications. A possible way to maintain the highest safety levels is through the structural health monitoring of the composite cylinders. Here, the use of fiber optic sensors appears to be a promising approach. However, the integration of the optical fibers into the composite structure of a pressure vessel has been shown to be challenging. In this study, insights on the embedding of optical fibers in the composite structure under industrial conditions are provided. A protection concept for the ingress and egress of the optical fibers is presented. Finally, the results from destructive slow burst tests are evaluated, showing no clear trend in the impact of the embedded optical fibers on the performance of composite pressure vessels. T2 - 24th International Conference on Composite Materials CY - Baltimore, Maryland, USA DA - 04.08.2025 KW - Composite KW - Pressure vessel KW - Filament winding KW - Fiber optic sensors PY - 2025 SP - 3710 EP - 3717 AN - OPUS4-63886 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kemmler, Samuel A1 - Cuéllar, Pablo A1 - Rettinger, C. A1 - Köstler, H. T1 - A Fluid-Solid Coupled Micromechanical Simulation for the Analysis of Piping Erosion During the Seabed Installation of a Suction Bucket Foundation N2 - Suction buckets are a promising concept for the foundations of offshore wind turbines. During the installation process of a suction bucket, localized fluidization of the granular soil, so-called piping erosion, may lead to installation failure. A 3D fluid-solid coupled micromechanical simulation is presented to study the occurrence of piping. An Euler-Lagrangian coupling employs momentum exchange between the fluid phase and the geometrically resolved particles. We investigate the behavior of the soil for three cases with varying prescribed suction velocities. We observe piping in the case with the highest suction velocity by analyzing the deformation of the granular fabric and monitoring the differential pressure. The grains under the bucket wall-tip show the highest hydraulic gradients and forces at the onset of piping. This approach permits a detailed analysis of piping phenomena and brings novel insights on the triggering conditions for piping failure of suction-aided foundations. T2 - TC 105 International Symposium CY - Grenoble, France DA - 23.09.2024 KW - Micromechanical simulation KW - Piping erosion KW - Suction bucket foundation PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-629461 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1480/1/012024 SN - 1755-1307 VL - 1480 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - IOP Publishing AN - OPUS4-62946 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Feldkamp, Martin A1 - Gleim, Tobias A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Evaluation of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients with CFD for Heat Flux Calculation in Combustion Chamber N2 - Packages for the transport of high-level radioactive waste are designed to withstand severe accidents. To obtain approval for transport, these packages must adhere to the specification-based criteria of regulations established by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). To ensure compliance with the regulations, mechanical and thermal tests need to be conducted regarding the package type. The requirements define mechanical tests followed by a thermal test, including criteria ensuring the package design’s ability to withstand severe accidents. Heavy-weight packages for the safe transport of radioactive materials are equipped with impact limiters, which are often built with porous materials such as densely packed wood reinforced by steel sheet structures. These components absorb the kinetic energy during the impact of the package in drop tests and thus dampen the acceleration of other package components which supports the package to meet the requirements of the IAEA regulations. Following the mechanical tests, the package must, with its predamaged impact limiters, endure a thermal test defined precisely in the IAEA regulations. The thermal test is defined as a 30-min, fully engulfing 800 °C fire and a following time under ambient conditions for a sufficient period to ensure that temperatures in the specimen decrease in all parts of the specimen. During and following the thermal test, the specimen shall not be artificially cooled, and any combustion of materials of the specimen shall be permitted to proceed naturally. A wood-filled impact limiter can continue to release thermal energy during an ongoing combustion process, thus defining relevant package temperatures. Heat flux from a potentially burning impact limiter to the package is important for the safety evaluation of transport packages. A test setup was developed to approach the energy flow investigation and examine the combustion behaviour of porous materials encapsulated in predamaged cylindrical metal enclosures under various conditions. The setup consists of a combustion chamber for thermal tests under adjustable and defined boundary conditions. The temperature development of the test specimens can be observed from outside using a thermographic imager with high-definition cameras, and the mass loss of the test specimen can be measured in the combustion chamber. Convective heat transfer coefficients for various boundary conditions must be defined for use with experimentally gathered test specimen surface temperature data for heat flux evaluations. The airflow conditions in the combustion chamber were analysed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations in OpenFOAM with respect to the convective heat transfer coefficients at the surface of a hot test specimen. A convergence study was performed, and sensitivity analyses for different test specimen surface temperatures and exhaust gas volume flows were conducted. T2 - ASME PVP2025, Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference CY - Montreal, Quebec, Canada DA - 20.07.2025 KW - Heat Transfer KW - Convection KW - OpenFOAM KW - Combustion PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - American society of mechanical engineers (ASME) AN - OPUS4-63901 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Feldkamp, Martin A1 - Gleim, Tobias A1 - Musolff, Andre A1 - Werner, Jan A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - A fire test stand for thermal testing of extra-large packages N2 - Packages for the transport of high-level radioactive materials are designed to withstand severe accidents. These packages must adhere to the specification-based criteria of the International Transport Regulations of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). To ensure compliance with these requirements, specific mechanical and thermal tests need to be addressed with respect to the package type. Typically, the Regulations prescribe mechanical tests followed by a thermal test as part of a cumulative test scenario. The thermal test is specified by the exposure of a test specimen for a period of 30 minutes to a thermal invironment that provides a heat flux equivalent to that of a hydrocarbon fuel-air fire with an average fire temperature of at least 800 °C fully flame engulfing the test specimen. The Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) operates various test facilities for this purpose at their test site (TTS) near Berlin in Germany. Thermal tests for large packages are carried out in an established fire test stand that can be adapted by the test-setup to the geometric boundary conditions of a test specimen. This fire test stand is built for test specimens with masses up to 200,000 kg and geometric dimensions relating to large transport packages including their impact limiters. The test specimen is usually placed on a water-cooled support frame in the middle of the test-stand. The fire is realized by burning propane gas which is released in liquid state from an array of gas nozzles arranged in the form of a burner ring surrounding the test specimen. For particularly extra-large test specimens, two burner rings are used on top of each other and at different heights in order to firstly achieve full fire engulfment with a significantly larger volume of fire and secondly to achieve the required heat output. In advance of a regular thermal test BAM usually performs so-called fire reference tests to determine the test conditions for compliance with the IAEA requirements. These tests are performed using a generic package which corresponds to the external geometric dimensions of the test specimen used later in the approval test. Then, this reference package is exposed to a fire under defined test parameters whereas the corresponding heat input determined from the temperature changes measured is regarded as main criterion for proofing compliance with the IAEA criteria.The paper shows the experimental proof of the suitability of BAM’s fire test stand for thermal testing of extra-large packages. The heat input and fire temperatures fully meet the IAEA criteria but can also be set significantly higher for e.g. extra-regulatory testing. T2 - ASME PVP 2025 CY - Montreal, Quebec, Kanada DA - 20.07.2025 KW - Test stand KW - Thermal testing KW - Package KW - Fire PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-63892 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Chaudhuri, Somsubhro A1 - Purayil, Sruthi Krishna Kunji A1 - Kruse, Julius A1 - Madia, Mauro A1 - Nielsen, Sören T1 - Thermography-Assisted Mechanical Testing of Cold-Spray (AM) Repair N2 - Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing (CSAM) is a solid-state process that is being increasingly used for structural repairs in aerospace and energy sectors. It enables the deposition of dense material at low temperatures by accelerating metal particles to supersonic velocities, thereby reducing thermal distortion. However, the structural integrity of CSAM repairs—particularly at the interface between the deposited layer and the substrate—remains a critical concern. Various post-treatments and characterization methods have been explored to optimize performance. While X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) is effective for sub-surface inspection, it cannot be applied in situ during mechanical testing. Digital Image Correlation (DIC), a surface-based method, also lacks sub-surface sensitivity. To address this, Infrared Thermography (IRT) was employed alongside DIC during the tensile and fatigue testing of aluminum CSAM-repaired specimens. A cooled IRT camera operating at 200 FPS captured thermal data, with lock-in processing subsequently applied in post-processing. IRT successfully detected early interfacial damage and enabled the tracking of crack propagation, which was later confirmed through fracture surface analysis. This extended abstract presents findings from fatigue tests using IRT. T2 - 18th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications (AITA 2025) CY - Kobe, Japan DA - 15.09.2025 KW - Thermography KW - Thermografie KW - Thermal stress analysis KW - Cold spray KW - Damage detection PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-642299 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2025129018 VL - 129 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-64229 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Chaudhuri, Somsubhro A1 - Krankenhagen, Rainer A1 - Lapšanská, Ivana A1 - Stamm, Michael T1 - WTB-IRT: Modelling and Measurement of Thermal Contrast in Wind Turbine Rotor Blades (WTBs) N2 - The rapid growth of wind energy infrastructure over the past two to three decades has led to an urgent need for advanced non-destructive testing (NDT) methods—both for newly installed wind turbine blades (WTBs) and for ageing components nearing the end of their service life. Among emerging techniques, passive infrared thermography (IRT) offers a promising solution by enabling contactless, time-efficient inspection based on naturally occurring thermal variations. The effectiveness of passive IRT depends on the presence of sufficient thermal contrast to distinguish surface features, subsurface structures, and defects. To better understand the possibility of obtaining such contrast in composite structures such as WTBs, a controlled study was carried out on a blade section exposed to programmed temperature transients in a climate chamber. Infrared measurements were recorded, and the thermal behaviour of the specimen was simulated using finite element models (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics 6.3. Although direct validation is limited by measurement uncertainties and transient effects, the comparison provides insight into the capabilities and limitations of FEM in replicating real-world thermal behaviour. This paper focuses specifically on the challenges related to the modelling approach. T2 - 18th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications (AITA 2025) CY - Kobe, Japan DA - 15.09.2025 KW - Thermography KW - Wind energy KW - Wind turbine rotor blades KW - Windenergie Anlage Rotorblätter KW - FEA PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-642308 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2025129015 VL - 129 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-64230 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seeber, Henrik T1 - Investigation of Shock Wave Propagation in Soft Tissue Simulants: An Analysis of Organic Gelatin and Synthetic Gel N2 - This study investigates the effects of shock waves on soft tissue simulants, focusing on organic gelatin and a synthetic gel. Although extensive research has focused on the mechanical properties of soft tissue simulants, their behavior under shock wave conditions, such as those caused by blasts, is less understood. As explosives are increasingly used in modern combat scenarios, it is essential to study how shock waves interact with soft tissue. This knowledge is crucial for improving protective equipment and evaluating blast effects on the human body. A two-phase methodology was applied: First, organic gelatin production and synthetic gel composition were analyzed, identifying uncertainties and measuring sound speeds at varying temperatures to align with human tissue properties. Second, simulants were subjected to free-field shock waves, and embedded pressure sensors captured wave propagation, peak overpressures, and propagation velocity. Findings provide comparative insights into shock wave responses of simulants, offering a foundation for future experimental setups. KW - Shock wave generator KW - Blast injury KW - Primäre Explosionswirkung KW - Druckwelle PY - 2025 SN - 9781605956978 VL - 34 SP - 63 EP - 79 PB - DEStech Publications Inc. CY - USA AN - OPUS4-63320 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seeber, Henrik A1 - Grobert, Steffen A1 - Krentel, Daniel T1 - Description of a measurement setup for the combined measurement of LLB exposures in dynamic situations using high-resolution measurement technology N2 - In order to gain an understanding of the Low Level Blast (LLB) exposure of soldiers when using weapon systems, it is necessary to characterize these weapon systems with regard to their overpressure effect [1]. Carrying out static measurements of weapon systems in the rough terrain of firing ranges and training areas poses a challenge for sensitive measurement technology. Furthermore, soldiers are often exposed to LLB in dynamic situations [2]. Therefore, commercially available blast gauges are often used, which, however, are not sufficient for high-resolution measurement of overpressure exposures with academic requirements due to their intended use [3]. Static measurement setups, such as with penile probes, must be used to characterize weapon systems, but they cannot make valid statements about the real load on dynamically behaving soldiers. However, this real load on the soldier is essential in order to be able to adequately assess the potential resulting medical effects. As part of this challenging measurement task, a prototype of a self-sufficient, high-resolution measurement system is presented, which can be used by an operator in dynamic situations without interference. The complete measuring chain was realized as a self-sufficient unit. The system is based on a 20-liter backpack system, which contains the power supply, the measuring amplifier and the measuring card. The measuring computer is attached to the front of the backpack to allow quick access. The measuring system is capable of recording four channels with a sampling rate of up to 2 MHz. Piezoelectric integrated charge pressure sensors are used as a high-resolution pressure sensor (type: PCB138B32). The pressure sensor is placed on a XX- carrier plates with the dimensions XY × YY. The pressure sensors are attached at the typical positions for Blast-Gauges measurements, like on the left shoulder, on the upper chest and on the back of the head. At the same time, commercial blast gauges are placed at the positions of the pressure sensors to qualify the blast gauges (type: B3 Blast Gauges Gen 6). The measuring system is referred to as a “Sensor Carrier Operator (StEk)”. As part of the functional testing of the measurement system, tests are carried out with hand weapons. For this purpose, a soldier is equipped with the StEk and blast gauges. The handguns used are the pistole P8 (caliber 9 mm) and the long rifle G36 (caliber 5.56 mm). The firing position is standing freehand. In addition, the soldier carried out an examination of the carrying comfort of the StEk as part of the training. Furthermore, it was evaluated whether the measuring chain was adequately integrated into the measuring system. The quality of the pressure measurement was also examined, whereby a direct comparison was made with the blast gauges. The measurement system presented here enables the combined (static and dynamic) scientific characterization of weapon systems, particularly with regard to overpressure loading. T2 - Research Specialist Meeting HFM 371 (NATO STO) CY - Toronto, Canada DA - 09.04.2025 KW - Shock wave generator KW - Blast injury KW - Primäre Explosionswirkung KW - Low Level Blast PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-63322 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Steglich, Patrick A1 - Paul, Martin A1 - Fünning, Tabea A1 - Schumann, Christoph A1 - Mai, Christian A1 - Tannenberg, Robert A1 - Mai, Andreas ED - Cheben, Pavel ED - Čtyroký, Jiří ED - Molina-Fernández, Iñigo T1 - Towards monolithic integration of polymer-based electro-optical devices in silicon photonic integrated circuits using a 250nm SOI technology N2 - Photonic micro-ring resonators (MRR) are widely studied for their high sensitivity across applications like environmental monitoring, healthcare, and chemical analysis. Their evanescent field sensing requires partially unembedded waveguides compatible with CMOS processing. Our approach uses local backside etching with an additional buried oxide (BOX) etch to release waveguides while preserving the back-end of line (BEOL) structure, enabling spatial separation of the sensing area and electronics. The BOX etch critically affects sensor performance, as waveguide surface roughness can alter MRR properties and coupling. We analyzed MRR design variations, comparing wet and dry etching techniques for their effects on optical performance across rib and strip waveguides in quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes. Wafer-level measurements show that backside-released MRR achieve high extinction ratios with slightly reduced quality factors, advancing high-sensitivity photonic sensors. T2 - SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics 2025 CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 05.06.2025 KW - Photonic sensors KW - Micro-ring resonator (MRR) KW - Silicon on insulator (SOI) KW - CMOS KW - Local backside etching (LBE) PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3056280 VL - 13530 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - SPIE CY - Bellingham, WA , USA AN - OPUS4-63587 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erxleben, Kjell A1 - Kaiser, Sebastian A1 - Rhode, Michael A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas A1 - Hadick, C. A1 - Schu, K. T1 - Quantification of hydrogen uptake during in-service hydrogen pipeline welding N2 - Hydrogen must be transported on a large scale from producers to consumers to ensure the energy transition. The necessary pipeline grid is achieved by conversion of the natural gas (NG) grid and building new pipelines. Welding during service as part e.g. of “hot-tapping” is unavoidable for maintenance/repair/expansion. Based on existing studies, the basic material compatibility of (low-alloyed) pipeline steels with hydrogen is postulated. However, this cannot be assumed for the case of in-service welding on pipelines in pressurized condition. The reason is the increased temperature e.g. by preheating and (in particular) during welding of the single passes. As a result, the inner pipeline surface undergoes multiple short-term heating but to high temperatures. In particular, the first passes can result in a temperature close to the austenitic transformation of the material for small wall thicknesses. Both increase the hydrogen uptake into the welded joint. If hydrogen embrittlement is likely to occur, depends on the hydrogen uptake, which must be quantified. For this purpose, welding experiments on pressurized demonstrators were conducted. The hydrogen uptake at 100 bar was compared to reference experiments with nitrogen. A new sample extraction routine for the quantification of the weld-zone specific hydrogen uptake was established. Comprehensive experiments with different steels (P235, L360, L485), wall thicknesses (4.1 mm to 7.8 mm) and diameters (DN50 and DN200) were conducted. In addition, the influence of the welding layer sequence on the hydrogen uptake between single- and multi-layer welds was investigated. Analytical approaches were used to approximate the hydrogen uptake in the respective weld zones. The main findings were that the layer sequence and especially the wall thickness have a large influence on the hydrogen uptake. T2 - 20th Pipeline Technology Conference ptc2025 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 06.05.2025 KW - In-service KW - Hydrogen KW - Pipeline KW - Repair welding KW - component test PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 12 AN - OPUS4-63166 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hübner, Martin A1 - Dittmann, Florian A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Varfolomeev, Igor A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Residual stress reduction using a low transformation temperature welding consumable with focus on the weld geometry N2 - Low transformation temperature (LTT) welding consumables represent an innovative approach to realize compressive residual stress in the weld seam and HAZ. LTT welding consumables use the volume-expanding martensitic phase transformation near room temperature to generate compressive residual stress during cooling. This article focuses on the weld geometry and its influence on residual stress reduction using an LTT welding consumable. For this purpose, layers with an LTT welding consumable were additionally applied to the front sides of conventionally welded longitudinal stiffeners. Different weld geometries of the second weld seam could be realized by varying the welding parameters. These samples were analyzed for geometric parameters, chemical composition, and residual stress. While the chemical composition and martensite start temperature (MS) were only slightly influenced by parameter changes, a clear influence with regard to residual stress and weld geometry was observed. Depending on the shape of the second LTT weld seam, residual stress reductions of 200 to 500 MPa were achieved using the same LTT welding consumable. T2 - IIW Annual Assembly and International Conference CY - Rhodes Island, Dodecanisa, Greece DA - 07.07.2024 KW - Low transformation temperature (LTT) KW - Martensite start temperature KW - Dilution KW - Weld geometry KW - Residual stress PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-633707 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-025-02094-3 SN - 1878-6669 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-63370 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Engelking, Lorenz A1 - Scharf-Wildenhain, R. A1 - Schröpfer, Dirk A1 - Hälsig, A. A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas A1 - Hensel, J. T1 - Influence of heat input on properties and residual stresses in hybrid addi-tive manufacturing of high strength steels using MSG processes N2 - The application of steels with a higher yield strength allows reductions in wall thickness, component weight and production costs. Hybrid additive manufacturing based on Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) processes (DED-Arc) can be used to realise highly effi-cient component modifications and repairs on semi-finished products and additively manufactured structures. There are still a number of key issues preventing widespread implementation, particularly for SMEs. In addition to the manufacturing design, detailed information about assembly strategy and geometric adaptation of the component for modifications or repairs are missing. These include the welding-related stresses associ-ated with the microstructural influences caused by the additive manufacturing steps, particularly in the transition area of the substrate and filler material interface. The pre-sent research focuses the effect of welding heat control during DED-Arc process on the residual stresses, especially in the transition area. Defined specimens were welded fully automatically with a high-strength solid wire (yield strength > 790 MPa) especially adapted for DED-Arc on S690QL substrate. The working temperature and heat input were systematically varied for a statistical effect analysis on the residual stress state of the hybrid manufactured components. Regarding heat control, t8/5 cooling times within the recommended processing range (approx. 5 s to 20 s) were complied. The investiga-tion revealed a significant influence of the working temperature Ti on the compressive residual stresses in the transition area and the tensile residual stresses at the base of the substrate. High working temperatures result in lower compressive residual stresses, heat input E does not significantly affect the tensile stresses. T2 - 6. Symposium Materialtechnik CY - Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany DA - 20.02.2025 KW - DED-Arc KW - Residual stress KW - Heat control PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-632188 DO - https://doi.org/10.21268/20250506-3 SP - 110 EP - 122 AN - OPUS4-63218 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kaiser, Sebastian A1 - Erxleben, Kjell A1 - Rhode, Michael A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Herausforderungen beim Schweißen im Betrieb an Wasserstoff-Ferngasleitungen N2 - Als Energieträger der Zukunft kommt grünem Wasserstoff große Bedeutung bei der Energiewende und der zukünftigen, nachhaltigen Energieversorgung zu Teil. Zum effizienten und sicheren Transport des Wasserstoffs ist die Bereitstellung einer Pipeline-Infrastruktur geplant. Die meisten Länder verfolgen hierbei die Strategie der Umwidmung bestehender Erdgastransportleitungen, ergänzt durch Errichtung neuer Pipelines. Die bestehenden Erdgasnetze sind dabei aus unterschiedlichsten Rohrgeometrien und Materialien zusammengesetzt. Bei der Umwidmung von Erdgaspipelines zum Transport von Wasserstoff müssen daher Fragen der Materialverträglichkeit hinsichtlich des als Wasserstoffversprödung bekannten Phänomens der Beeinträchtigung der mechanischen Eigenschaften metallischer Werkstoffe durch Wasserstoff betrachtet werden. Bisherige Forschungsergebnisse und Feldversuche deuten darauf hin, dass die niedriglegierten, ferritischen Stähle, aus denen die Ferngasleitungen des Erdgasnetzes überwiegend bestehen, für den Transport von Wasserstoff unter normalen Betriebsbedingungen geeignet sind. Eine Frage, die bislang weniger Aufmerksamkeit erhielt, ist die, wie sich das Schweißen im Betrieb an Wasserstoffpipelines auf die Materialkompatibilität auswirkt. Im Erdgasnetz sind etablierte Verfahren wie beispielsweise das „Hot-Tapping“ unumgänglich für die Instandhaltung und Erweiterung des Netzes. Hierbei werden an eine im Betrieb befindliche Pipeline geteilte T-Stücke aufgeschweißt, über die die Pipeline dann mit geeigneten Bohrvorrichtungen während eines ununterbrochenen Betriebs angebohrt werden kann. Um zu beurteilen, ob diese Verfahren gefahrlos auf Wasserstoffpipelines übertragen werden können, müssen Problemstellungen betrachtet werden, die sich durch den Wärmeeintrag ins Material beim Schweißen ergeben. Wasserstofflöslichkeit und Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit sind temperaturabhängig. Erhöhte Temperaturen könnten eine Wasserstoffaufnahme ins Material bewirken, die zu einer kritischen Degradation der mechanischen Eigenschaften des Materials führen könnte. Die Temperaturen, die beim Schweißen erreicht werden, führen lokal zur Überschreitung der Austenitisierungstemperatur. Austenit weist eine deutlich höhere Löslichkeit von Wasserstoff auf, während die Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit des Wasserstoffs in dieser Phase deutlich herabgesetzt ist. Es wird vermutet, dass dies zu einer lokal erhöhten Wasserstoffkonzentration führt. Damit geht ein erhöhtes Risiko einer kritischen Materialdegradation einher. Durch die lange Zeitdauer beim Schweißen von mehrlagigen Rundkehlnähten an großen Pipelines, einschließlich einer möglichen Vorwärmprozedur, ist weiterhin zu klären, ob der aus Anwendungsfällen in der Petrochemie bekannte Hochtemperaturwasserstoffangriff auftritt. Der vorliegende Beitrag liefert einen Überblick über das Schweißen im Betrieb an Gaspipelines, hierbei auftretenden Herausforderungen bei der möglichen Anwendung auf Wasserstoffleitungen. Dabei werden auch aktuelle Forschungsprojekte zum Thema Schweißen an Wasserstoffpipelines im Betrieb eingehend diskutiert. In diesem Zusammenhang werden erste Ergebnisse des gemeinschaftlichen Forschungsprojektes „H2-SuD: Einfluss des Schweißens auf die Wasserstoffaufnahme und Degradation im Betrieb befindlicher H2-Ferngasleitungen“ des Deutschen Vereins des Gas- und Wasserfaches (DVGW), der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) und deutscher Gasnetzbetreiber (Open Grid Europe, ONTRAS Gastransport, u.v.m.) präsentiert. T2 - 53. Sondertagung - Schweißen im Anlagen-und Behälterbau 2025 CY - Munich, Germany DA - 18.03.2025 KW - Materialdegradation KW - Pipeline KW - Schweißen KW - Wasserstoff PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-96144-290-4 (Print) SN - 978-3-96144-291-1 (E-Book) VL - 2025 SP - 106 EP - 115 PB - DVS Media GmbH CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-62911 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kaiser, Sebastian A1 - Erxleben, Kjell A1 - Rhode, Michael A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Schweißen im Betrieb an Wasserstoff-Ferngasleitungen N2 - Wasserstoff gilt als Energieträger für die Erreichung der Klimaziele und einer nachhaltigen zukünftigen Energieversorgung. Für den notwendigen Transport des Wasserstoffs in großem Maßstab und über weite Entfernungen ist eine zuverlässige Pipeline-Infrastruktur erforderlich. Umfassende weltweite Forschungsprojekte deuten auf die allgemeine Kompatibilität der verwendeten überwiegend ferritischen Stähle für die vorgesehenen Betriebsbedingungen von bis zu 60 °C bei 100 bar Wasserstoff hin. Dies ist jedoch nicht direkt übertragbar auf schweißtechnische Reparatur- und Wartungsarbeiten an im Betrieb befindlichen Pipelines. Ein im Erdgasnetz etabliertes Verfahren stellt das „Hot-Tapping“ dar, bei dem eine unter Druck stehende Pipeline im Betrieb angebohrt wird. Hierfür kommt ein an die Rohrleitung geschweißtes Formstück zum Einsatz, das die Montage der Bohr-/Lochschneidemaschine ermöglicht. In den Richtlinien EIGA 121/14 bzw. AIGA 033/14 wird darauf hingewiesen, dass das Anbohren von Wasserstoffleitungen kein Routineverfahren darstellt: “[…] a hydrogen hot-tap shall not be considered a routine procedure […]“. Dieser Aussage liegt unter anderem zugrunde, dass das Anschweißen des Formstücks an das Rohr und alle zu erwartenden Wärmebehandlungen vor und nach dem Schweißen eine lokale Temperaturerhöhung verursachen. Insbesondere auch an der Rohrinnenfläche, die dem Wasserstoff ausgesetzt ist. Diese erhöhten Temperaturen begünstigen die Absorption und Diffusion von Wasserstoff in das Material. Besonders zu beachten ist außerdem die lokal auftretende kurzzeitige Austenitisierung des Materials, die eine lokal stark erhöhte Wasserstoffkonzentration verursachen kann. Aus den genannten Gründen gibt diese Studie einen kurzen Überblick über die derzeit weltweit verfügbaren Forschungsprojekte zum Schweißen von Wasserstoff-Pipelines im Betrieb. Vorgestellt werden unter anderem erste Ergebnisse des Kooperationsforschungsprojektes H2SuD, das derzeit an der BAM bearbeitet wird. T2 - 6. Symposium Materialtechnik CY - Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany DA - 20.02.2025 KW - Materialdegradation KW - Pipeline KW - Schweißen KW - Wasserstoff PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-632731 SN - 978-3-8440-9961-4 SN - 978-3-8191-0041-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.21268/20250506-12 SN - 2364-0804 SN - 3052-3524 N1 - Serientitel: Fortschrittsberichte der Materialforschung und Werkstofftechnik – Series title: Bulletin of Materials Research and Engineering VL - 15 SP - 381 EP - 390 PB - Shaker Verlag CY - Düren AN - OPUS4-63273 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröder, Nina A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Schröpfer, Dirk A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Innovatives Instandsetzungsschweißen von Altstahl: Materialverhalten und Herausforderungen N2 - Aus Gründen der Nachhaltigkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit gibt es in der stahlverarbeiten-den Industrie einen Trend zum Bauen im Bestand, um kostenintensive Sperrungen oder Rückbau zu vermeiden. Schweißen wird dabei als wirtschaftliches Fügeverfahren im Zusammenhang mit Altstählen kaum genutzt, obwohl Nieten- und Schraubenverbindungen oft unwirtschaftlich sind. Für die Instandsetzung ist häufig beschädigtes Bestands-material durch neue Stähle zu ersetzen bzw. Alt-Neu-Stahl-Mischverbindungen herzu-stellen. Aufgrund der verschiedenen Herstellungsprozesse von Altstählen ist nicht jeder Stahl aus dem 20. Jahrhundert schweißgeeignet. Daher ist zunächst eine Schweißeignungsprüfung erforderlich. In den vorliegenden Untersuchungen wurden verschiedene Altstähle hinsichtlich ihres Schweißverhaltens mittels Dilatometrie analysiert. Ziel war es, eine Datenbasis aus Schweiß-Zustands-Zeit-Diagrammen und Simulationen der Wärmeeinflusszone zu erstellen, um praxisrelevante Schweißuntersuchungen ableiten zu können. Diese geben wesentlichen Aufschluss hinsichtlich ihres schweißmetallurgischen Verhaltens und ihrer Schweißeignung. Solche Grundlagen sind zur Entwicklung innovativer schweißtechnischer Konzepte zur beanspruchungsgerechten Instandsetzung bestehender Altstahl-Infrastruktur in Deutschland notwendig. T2 - 6. Symposium Materialtechnik, 20. bis 21. Februar 2025 CY - Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany DA - 20.02.2025 KW - Altstahl KW - Schweiß-ZTU Diagramme KW - Instandsetzungsschweißen KW - Schweißeignungsprüfung KW - Dilatometrie PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-8440-9961-4 DO - https://doi.org/10.21268/20250505-1 VL - 15 SP - 370 EP - 380 PB - Shaker Verlag GmbH CY - Düren AN - OPUS4-63377 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erxleben, Kjell A1 - Kaiser, Sebastian A1 - Rhode, Michael A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas A1 - Hadick, C. A1 - Schu, K. T1 - Component test concept for evaluation of in-service welding on pressurized hydrogen pipelines N2 - Hydrogen is set as the energy carrier of tomorrow and most countries will achieve large-scale hydrogen transport through the conversion of the natural gas (NG) grid and the construction of new pipelines. The interaction between hydrogen and the pipeline materials differs fundamentally from that of NG, as hydrogen is readily absorbed into the material. Considering the possible hydrogen embrittlement (HE), the compatibility of the pipeline materials (low-alloyed steels with a wide strength/thickness range) must be investigated. However, pipelines require intervention for maintenance, repair, or grid expansion with welding on/onto the pipelines while in service, i.e. the well-known "hot tapping" and "plugging" or “stoppling”. The challenges compared to NG can be broadly divided into the possible austenitization of the inner pipe material exposed to hydrogen and the welding itself. Both result in a significant increase in hydrogen solubility and could potentially pose challenges in terms of HE. Emphasis is placed on the word "could" because knowledge of "hot tapping" on hydrogen pipelines is scarce due a lack of service experience. To this end, this study proposes a concept for a component-like demonstrator with the objectives: (1) safe feasibility of "hot tapping" on pressurized model hydrogen pipeline sections, (2) facilitate ex-post sample extraction for the purpose of quantifying the absorbed hydrogen concentrations, and (3) ensure in-situ temperature measurement during welding to monitor the pipeline surface temperature. For safety reasons in the event of an unintentional "burn-through", a solid cylinder was inserted in the demonstrator to restrict the hydrogen gas volume to a small, pressurized layer. Reference pipeline surface temperature measurements were ensured on comparable, unpressurized geometries. The investigated range of welding conditions was investigated for representative material/thickness combinations (DN50 to DN200), suggesting the feasibility of the demonstrator for the determination of reliable in-service welding conditions for both installed and new pipelines for hydrogen service. T2 - 20th Pipeline Technology Conference ptc2025 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 06.05.2025 KW - In-service KW - Hydrogen KW - Pipeline KW - Repair welding KW - component test PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-63168 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kanzler, Daniel A1 - Bertovic, Marija T1 - Expertise oder KI – Was hilft uns in der ZfP'? N2 - Die zunehmende Integration von Automatisierung und KI in die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (ZfP) verändert nicht nur die Prüfprozesse selbst, sondern auch die Art und Weise, wie Entscheidungen getroffen werden. Während technische Systeme die Fehleranfälligkeit verringern und die Datenverarbeitung unterstützen können, bleibt die letztendliche Verantwortung beim Menschen. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Rolle der Intuition in der Entscheidungsfindung und analysiert typische Fehleinschätzungen mithilfe der Prospekttheorie und Erkenntnissen aus der kognitiven Psychologie. Zudem wird aufgezeigt, wie fundierte Entscheidungen in KI-gestützten ZfP Prozessen unterstützt werden können – durch Schulung, erklärbare Systeme, nutzerzentrierte Gestaltung, geeignete Metriken und eine gezielte Aufgabenverteilung zwischen Mensch und Technik. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2025 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.05.2025 KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Entscheidungsfindung KW - Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion KW - Human Factors PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-634070 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/31237 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-63407 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gerards-Wünsche, Paul A1 - Hille, Falk T1 - Zuverlässigkeitsbasierter Technologietransfer am Beispiel Risslumineszenz Von der ZfP im Labor zum KI-basierten SHM-System für die Industrie – Statusbericht N2 - Der Übergang neuer zerstörungsfreien Prüfmethoden (ZfP) aus dem Labor in die industrielle Anwendung stellt erhebliche Herausforderungen dar. Für visuelle ZfP-Techniken, wie die in dieser Studie verwendete Risslumineszenz-Methode, ist die Automatisierung der Fehlererkennung durch KI-gestützte Computer-Vision-Systeme ein logischer nächster Schritt. Findet dies als kontinuierliche Überwachung statt, entwickeln sich solche Systeme zu einer KI-gestützten SHM-Methode. Die Implementierung dieser Technologien in sicherheitskritischen Anwendungen erfordert jedoch einen robusten Nachweis ihrer Zuverlässigkeit, der durch diese Weiterentwicklung an Komplexität gewinnt. Während etablierte Standards für Probability of Detection (POD)-Studien in ZfP-Systemen existieren, fehlen entsprechende Normen für SHM-Systeme, insbesondere solche, die KI einsetzen. Obwohl statistische Methoden für SHM-Systeme verfügbar sind, um Datenabhängigkeiten zu berücksichtigen, ist ein ganzheitlicher POD-Ansatz notwendig, um beeinflussende und variable Störfaktoren umfassend zu adressieren und die Alterung des SHM-Systems zu berücksichtigen. Diese Arbeit demonstriert Fortschritte bei der Entwicklung einer maßgeschneiderten Methodik, die auf die spezifischen Anforderungen zugeschnitten ist, um die Zuverlässigkeit eines KI-gestützten SHM-Systems auf Basis der Risslumineszenz nachzuweisen. Dieser Ansatz integriert die Prinzipien von POD-Studien mit statistischen Methoden für SHM-Systeme, um eine robuste Zuverlässigkeitsbewertung zu gewährleisten. Er verdeutlicht die erheblichen Herausforderungen, die bereits bei der kontinuierlichen Überwachung einer relativ einfachen visuellen Methode wie der Risslumineszenz auftreten. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2025 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 25.05.2025 KW - Risslumineszenz KW - SHM KW - PoD KW - Zuverlässigkeit KW - ZfP PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-636142 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-63614 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rappsilber, Tim A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Raspe, Tina ED - Grayson, Stephen T1 - Engineering Safety in EV's: Analysis of occupant safety using a multifunctional real-scale model car N2 - For vehicle occupant safety, it is important to investigate the effects on people of the pollutants and temperatures emitted by electric vehicle traction batteries in the event of a fire. Fire tests on complete vehicles are the most realistic way of investigating the effects on vehicle occupants. However, these types of real fire tests are very complex and only represent one specific fire scenario with the corresponding specific boundary conditions. We would like to present an engineering method that makes it possible to investigate the effects on the occupants' ability to escape in various damage scenarios with different vehicle geometries without wasting expensive resources. T2 - Interflam 2025 CY - London, United Kingdom DA - 30.06.2025 KW - Lithium ion battery KW - Occuoant safety KW - Gas KW - Flames PY - 2025 SP - 422 EP - 425 AN - OPUS4-63617 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Khropost, Diana A1 - Riethmüller, Franziska A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Flachs, Dennis A1 - Hülagü, Deniz A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Cotroneo, Vincenzo A1 - gibertini, eugenio T1 - Polydopamine – a bio-inspired polymer for X-ray mirror coatings and other technical applications N2 - Although the organic molecule dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is commonly known as one of the “hormones of happiness”, thin polymer films of polydopamine (PDA) also have interesting technical properties. PDA is a very strong glue that sticks on almost everything, even under water. In nature, PDA is found in the byssal thread cuticles of mussels. When produced by dip-coating, the self-organizing PDA layers grow in a reproducible thickness of single or multiple molecule monolayers of a few nanometres thickness only. Here we present an optimized preparation regime as derived from polymerization analysis through absorption spectroscopy. One application is the use of thin PDA overcoatings to increase the soft X-ray reflectivity of astronomical X-ray mirrors. Furthermore, we give an outlook to other technical applications for this interesting material, presenting this bio-inspired organic polymer as an innovative technical solution for the future, with applications such as PDA-based super-capacitors and its promising role in enhancing separator materials for batteries. T2 - SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics 2025 CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 07.04.2025 KW - X-ray mirrors KW - Reflectivity KW - Polydopamine KW - Ellipsometry PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3056298 VL - 13531 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - SPIE AN - OPUS4-63630 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schubert, Thomas A1 - Máca, Petr A1 - Hering, Marcus A1 - Fiedler, Georg A1 - Beckmann, Birgit T1 - Impact Experiments on Reinforced Concrete Specimens - Investigation of Repeatability and Scaling N2 - Nowadays, the impact resistance of concrete structures has become a prominent concern for critical infrastructure operators, particularly amidst escalating geopolitical tensions. Regulators and design engineers know that reinforced concrete structures can only be developed with high efficiency by considering nonlinear structural and highly nonlinear material behavior. Therefore, specific guidelines on impact design provide instructions for design and analysis of structures required to resist impact loading. These instructions are usually based on published results and evaluated data of impact experiments carried out in laboratories. To widen the knowledge and increase the scientific data the Institute of Concrete Structures (IMB) at TUD Dresden University of Technology (TUD) has carried out many impact experiments on reinforced concrete specimens in recent years. A specially designed drop tower is available for this purpose on the premises of the Otto Mohr Laboratory, TUD. In the framework of the past research at TUD some important issues, such as influence of rebar arrangement, structural thickness, scalability of specimen and repeatability, with regard to experimental impact testing were investigated. This article presents the drop tower facility and research results of impact experiments on reinforced concrete slabs. First, the scalability of impact experiments will be discussed in conjunction with already known theoretical scaling parameters provided by researchers in the past, e.g. Rüdiger et al. [1]. Scalability of experimental data is of huge importance since protective structures made of reinforced concrete differ usually in size in comparison to experimental specimens. The second important research focus is on repeatably of impact experiments. Since impact experiments are usually time consuming and expensive, a certain impact scenario is mostly carried out only once. It is intended to show the range of deviation of impact tests on some already carried out experiments on reinforced concrete slabs. A possible standard deviation is estimated for the applied test setup. T2 - 15th International Conference on Shock & Impact Loads on Structures CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 12.06.2025 KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Drop-weight impact KW - Scaling KW - Repeatability KW - Digital image correlation PY - 2025 SP - 80 EP - 91 AN - OPUS4-63627 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Andrés Arcones, Daniel A1 - Weiser, M. A1 - Koutsourelakis, P-S. A1 - Unger, Jörg F. T1 - Quantifying the uncertainty of predictive simulations in digital twins through the identification of model bias N2 - This work presents a novel approach to quantifying uncertainty in digital twin simulations by addressing model bias through embedded parameter distributions. Traditional Bayesian methods often underestimate uncertainty due to assumptions of model correctness. We propose a hierarchical Bayesian framework combined with Polynomial Chaos Expansion to better capture and propagate uncertainty. The methodology is validated on an analytical example and a real-world case involving thermal deformation predictions of the Nibelungen Bridge, demonstrating improved predictive accuracy and reliability. T2 - fib Symposium 2025 CY - Antibes, France DA - 16.06.2025 KW - Digital Twins KW - Model Bias KW - Predictive simulations KW - Quantifying the uncertainty PY - 2025 SP - 2867 EP - 2873 PB - The fib, Fédération international du béton CY - Antibes, France AN - OPUS4-63629 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Karapanagiotis, Christos A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Breithaupt, Mathias A1 - Hicke, Konstantin T1 - Toward a Digital Twin of Hydrogen Pressure Vessels Enabled by Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors N2 - We present a digital replica of a hydrogen pressure vessel enabled by distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS). This digital replica dynamically displays and updates the vessel’s structural condition by calculating strain residuals defined as the difference between the measured DFOS strain and the expected strain based on pressure data. As an example, we show the ability of the DFOS to detect and localize damage caused by drilling six holes into the vessel’s body. This digital replica represents a foundational step toward a fully integrated digital twin for predictive maintenance and remaining lifetime prognosis. T2 - Sensor and Measurement Science International (SMSI) 2025 CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 06.05.2025 KW - fiber optic sensors KW - digital twin KW - structural health monitoring KW - hydrogen KW - machine learning PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-633885 UR - https://www.ama-science.org/proceedings/details/5962 SN - 978-3-910600-06-5 DO - https://doi.org/10.5162/SMSI2025/C6.1 SP - 165 EP - 166 PB - AMA Service GmbH CY - Wunstorf AN - OPUS4-63388 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rethmeier, Michael A1 - Gook, Sergej A1 - Biegler, Max A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey T1 - Anwendung einer Kombination aus Laserhybrid- und Unterpulverschweißen zum Fügen dicker Bleche aus Schiffbaustahl EH36 N2 - In diesem Beitrag wird ein Schweißverfahren vorgestellt, mit dem 30 mm dicke Bleche aus Schiffbaustahl EH36 effizient und werkstoffgerecht gefügt werden können. Die wirtschaftlichen Vorteile des Verfahrens ergeben sich aus dem Wegfall der aufwendigen Kantenvorbereitung und der Reduzierung des Schweißzusatzbedarfs. Die Stumpfschweißnähte werden in einer Lagen-/Gegenlage-Technik durch Laserhybridschweißen und Unterpulverschweißen ausgeführt. Dabei erfolgt die Laserhybridschweißung als Einschweißung mit einer Tiefe von etwa 25 mm, während die Unterpulvernaht als zweiter Durchgang auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Bauteils mit einer Einschweißtiefe von 8 mm aufgebracht wird. Die Überlappung der beiden Lagen gewährleistet einen geschlossenen Nahtquerschnitt. Dank der partiellen Durchschweißung der Laserhybridnaht entfällt die Notwendigkeit zur Wurzelformierung. Darüber hinaus bietet die Prozesskombination eine höhere Toleranz gegenüber Ungenauigkeiten in der Kantenvorbereitung, was die Prozesskomplexität reduziert. Der Einsatz dieses robusteren Verfahrens, das weniger von einer präzisen Kantenvorbereitung abhängig ist, erleichtert die Produktionsvorbereitung, minimiert die Fehleranfälligkeit und senkt die Nachbearbeitungskosten. Dies macht das Laserhybridschweißen besonders attraktiv für Anwendungen im Schiffbau. T2 - 22. Tagung Schweißen in der maritimen Technik und im Ingenieurbau CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 13.05.2025 KW - Laserhybridschweißen KW - Unterpulverschweißen KW - Kerbschlagbiegeversuch PY - 2025 SP - 87 EP - 98 PB - DVS – Deutsche Verband für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren e. V AN - OPUS4-63342 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Agasty, Amit A1 - Costard, Rene A1 - Hering, Marcus A1 - Chruscicki, Sebastian A1 - Hicke, Konstantin A1 - Hüsken, Götz T1 - Assessment of the Application of Scaling Concepts for Blast Effects Analysis N2 - Blast testing finds its implementation in several applications, e.g. for the purpose of investigation into accidental or intentional explosions, or for an assessment of the level of protection provided by a certain structural configuration. Analytical and/or semi-empirical methods are generally limited to preliminary assessments prior to blast testing. Applications of numerical simulations with hydrocodes coupled with finite element methods (FEM) can only reduce the amount of blast testing required, as these necessitate fulfillment of the fundamental prerequisites of model verification and that of model validation. Field tests are implemented for contact detonations as well as near-field blast scenarios and shock tube tests for far-field blast scenarios. However, these can be extremely resource intensive. Reliable small-scale experiments are a promising alternative. The concepts of dimensional analysis and similarity based on Buckingham’s Π-theorem (1914) have been applied in different fields. For applications to the phenomenon of shock wave propagation, Hopkinson-Cranz or cube-root scaling is a well-established concept. When it comes to scaling the structural response, research has predominantly focused on structures made of metallic materials. Scaled investigations with concrete or reinforced concrete (RC) structures remain limited. The lack of even the most basic guidelines (far from any ‘standardized scaling methods’ for blast tests) show that scaling as a method is not yet established in blast effects analysis. In this preliminary study, we present a systematic approach and evaluation of scaling of blast effects analysis for RC slabs in order to develop guidelines for resource efficient testing methods. We study the blast scenario at two different scales. The focus of these investigations has been on evaluation of scaling of dynamics using pressure sensors, acceleration sensors and fiber optic sensing cables for distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). Further, the resulting plastic behavior upon blast is characterized by distributed strain sensing (DSS) along the same cables. T2 - 27th International Symposium on Military Aspects of Blast and Shock (MABS27) CY - Colmar, France DA - 06.10.2025 KW - Similarity and scaling KW - Blast KW - RC-slabs PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-64617 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rudy ED - Robinson, W. H. T1 - “From Saul to Paul” - Urban Pests in Cultural Entomology N2 - Harmful insects like clothes moths and termites occurring in the synanthropic environment are considered pests which need to be controlled. However, human culture has also always widely utilized them as central characters in philosophy, in classic and modern world literature, in music and arts, and much more. This article will highlight some recent exploitations of pest insects in Cultural Entomology. It will provide examples of pieces of art and ephemeral displays with clothes moths and termites as protagonists. The insects´ destructive nature on textiles or wood was turned around to a process of creation with aesthetic, philosophical and metaphoric messages, or simply for unique ways of entertainment. References will be provided to milestones of pest insect use in Cultural Entomology. T2 - International Conference on Urban Pests (ICUP) CY - Lund, Schweden DA - 29.06.2025 KW - Termites KW - Cultural Entomology KW - Material pests KW - Performance art KW - Tineola bisselliella PY - 2025 SP - 298 EP - 304 AN - OPUS4-64639 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bachmann, Marcel A1 - Putra, Stephen Nugraha A1 - Yang, Fan A1 - Meng, Xiangmeng A1 - Pusbatzkies, Pablo A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Elucidation of the Laser Beam Energy Attenuation by the Vapor Plume Formation during High Power Laser Beam Welding N2 - In high-power laser beam welding, a common phenomenon is the formation of a keyhole caused by the rapid evaporation of the material. Under atmospheric pressure, this evaporation generates a vapor plume that interacts with the laser beam, leading to energy attenuation and scattering of the laser radiation along its path. These interactions affect the stability of the process and the overall weld quality. This study investigates the influence of the vapor plume on the weld pool and keyhole dynamics during high-power laser beam welding of AlMg3 aluminum alloy through experimental and numerical approaches. The primary goal is to identify key vapor plume characteristics, particularly its length fluctuations, and to improve the accuracy of the numerical models. To achieve this, an algorithm was developed for the automated measurement of the vapor plume length using high-speed imaging and advanced data processing techniques. The measured plume length is then used to estimate the additional vapor heating and laser energy attenuation using the Beer–Lambert law. A refined numerical CFD model, incorporating 3D transient heat transfer, fluid flow, and ray tracing, was developed to evaluate the vapor plume’s impact. Results show that already the time-averaged plume length effectively captures its transient influence and aligns well with experimental weld seam geometries. Additionally, energy scattering and absorption caused by the vapor plume led to a wider weld pool at the top surface. The study also shows an increased percentage of keyhole collapses due to the reduced laser power absorption at the keyhole bottom, further highlighting the importance of accurately modeling vapor plume effects. T2 - International Congress of Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics 2025 CY - Orlando, USA DA - 12.10.2025 KW - Laser beam welding KW - Vapor plume formation KW - Weld pool KW - Keyhole dynamics KW - Numerical modeling PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-64817 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jeyifous, Olubunmi Anthony A1 - Schönsee, Eric A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Hüsken, Götz T1 - Investigating the impact of material rheology on geometric accuracy in 3D concrete printing using real-time monitoring N2 - Additive manufacturing of concrete structures is an innovative and rapidly advancing technology. One of its key advantages is the ability to achieve freeform designs in civil engineering, enabling entirely new architectural possibilities. However, despite the demonstrated benefits of this technology, maintaining consistent print quality during the printing process remains a significant challenge and is seldom implemented. The continuous mixing process inherent in 3D concrete printing introduces potential variations in the dry mix composition or water content, making a single test sample insufficient to represent the entire structure. Moreover, defects in a single layer can compromise the integrity of the whole structure. This underscores the need for continuous, real-time monitoring to document and ensure the quality of the printing process. At the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und prüfung (BAM), a 3D concrete printer was developed to enable real-time non-destructive monitoring of material properties during the printing process. This study examines the impact of rheological variations, influenced by water content variations, on the geometric characteristics of printed elements. Geometric measurements are captured in real time using a high-precision laser scanner. Concrete elements are printed under controlled conditions with systematically varied process parameters. Preliminary results reveal a strong correlation between rheological behaviour and the geometric properties of the printed components. T2 - NDT-CE 2025 - The International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing in Civil Engineering CY - Izmir, Turkiye DA - 24.09.2025 KW - 3D concrete printing KW - Real-time monitoring KW - Quality control PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-645394 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/31704 SN - 1435-4934 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-64539 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hälsig, André A1 - Eßbach, Tim-Bernd A1 - Scharf-Wildenhain, Ronny A1 - Altobelli, Martin Gabriel A1 - Phadnis, Prathamesh Jayant A1 - Hensel, Jonas A1 - Fabry, Çağtay A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Armansyah, T1 - Qualitätssicherung beim Lichtbogenschweißen N2 - Der fortschreitende Trend der Automatisierung und Dokumentation sowie die wirtschaftliche und technische Optimierung von Fügeaufgaben machen es notwendig, Sensoren zielführend in bestehende und vorhandene Anlagentechnik zu integrieren. Jedoch bietet die reine Datenerfassung alleine nur einen geringen Mehrwert. Erst durch eine optimierte Datenspeicherung, eine intelligente sowie automatische Datenauswertung und -bewertung entsteht ein echter Nutzen für den industriellen Anwender. Zur Qualifizierung einer standardisierbaren Herangehensweise der Qualitätssicherung beim Lichtbogenschweißen wurden mit einer nationalen Arbeitsgruppe bestehende Unstetigkeiten der Qualitätsbeeinflussung geschweißter Bauteile aufgeschlüsselt und definiert. Parallel dazu wurde ein automatisiertes Schweißsystem mit hochgenauer Messtechnik (u. a. Stromstärke, Spannung, Drahtvorschub, Thermokamera, Geometriescanner usw.) ausgerüstet und validiert. Hierfür wurde die Open-Source-Technologie WelDX der BAM genutzt. Anschließend wurden bewusst fehlerhaft geschweißte Nähte im Vergleich zu fehlerfreien Referenzschweißungen hergestellt, Messdaten erfasst und analysiert. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden erste Ergebnisse und Erkenntnisse in Bezug auf die Detektion und Bewertung von Unstetigkeiten beim Lichtbogenschweißen dargestellt. Dabei wurde deutlich, dass alternative Darstellungs- und Analysemethoden wie die Anwendung der Mahalanobis-Distanz im Stromstärke-Spannungs-Diagramm eine eindeutigere Korrelation zwischen Unstetigkeiten und Prozesssignalen ermöglichen. T2 - DVS CONGRESS 2025 CY - Essen, Germany DA - 16.09.2025 KW - Lichtbogenschweißen KW - Qualitätssicherung KW - Forschungsdatenmanagement KW - WelDX PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-96144-298-0 VL - 401 SP - 76 EP - 85 PB - DVS Media GmbH CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-64565 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baeßler, Matthias A1 - Ebell, Gino A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Schneider, Ronald ED - Lienhart, Werner ED - Krüger, Markus T1 - On potentials and challenges of physics-informed SHM for civil engineering structures N2 - Physics-informed structural health monitoring, which integrates realistic physical models of material behavior, structural response, damage mechanisms, and aging processes, offers a promising approach to improve monitoring capabilities and inform operation and maintenance planning. However, the associated technical challenges and model requirements are context-specific and vary widely across applications. To illustrate the relevance and potential of the topic, two application examples are presented. The first focuses on monitoring the modal characteristics of a prestressed road bridge, where strong sensitivity to temperature variations limits the diagnostic capabilities of conventional vibration-based global monitoring. The discussion highlights how environmental influences can obscure structural changes, and emphasizes that purely data-based approaches are inherently limited to detecting anomalies and do not enable comprehensive condition diagnostics. The second example explores a physics-informed monitoring approach for prestressed concrete bridges affected by hydrogen-induced stress corrosion cracking. T2 - SHMII-13 CY - Graz, Austria DA - 01.09.2025 KW - Hydrogen Stress Corrosion Cracking KW - SHM KW - Physics informed PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-643271 SN - 978-3-99161-057-1 DO - https://doi.org/10.3217/978-3-99161-057-1-039 SP - 245 EP - 251 PB - Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz CY - Graz, Austria AN - OPUS4-64327 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Elert, Anna Maria A1 - Meyer, Lena A1 - Brunner, Nanine A1 - Melzer, Micheal A1 - Koch, Claudia T1 - Advancing Digital Quality Infrastructure: Transforming Laboratory Processes for Enhanced Efficiency and Reliability N2 - The digital Quality Infrastructure (QI) holds significant potential for ensuring and enhancing the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of laboratory processes. Establishing digital QI tools and processes and the integration into the larger digital QI ecosystem however comes with many technical and organizational challenges at the laboratory but also larger system level. This paper presents solutions of a digital QI tool set that are being developed within the German initiative QI-Digital, our own experiences in the implementation of Digital Calibration Certificates (DCCs) as eAttestation in our laboratory, as well as the structured process we have been establishing to engage with the laboratory community to support adoption of the digital QI. T2 - 2025 IMEKO TC-6 International Conference of Metrology and Digital Transformation - M4DConf CY - Benevento, Italy DA - 03.09.2025 KW - Digital Calibration Certificate KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratories KW - Quality Inflastructure PY - 2025 VL - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-64283 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lehmann, Frank A. A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Glisic, Branco ED - Lienhart, Werner ED - Krüger, Markus T1 - Global Perspectives on Structural Monitoring in Civil Engineering N2 - Structural Monitoring (SM) is crucial in civil engineering for ensuring the safety, functionality, and longevity of civil infrastructure, especially bridges. As its importance grows, SM practices are guided mainly by national standards, leading to fragmented approaches and limited global integration. This paper examines SM guidelines, focusing on contributions from Germany, while exploring the broader international framework. In Germany, key guidelines such as the DGZfP Merkblatt B09 and others offer structured methods and practice examples for long-term monitoring and performance assessment. Internationally, countries have developed their own SM frameworks. Amongst others, Austria’s RVS Richtlinie 13.03.01, France’s COFREND Livre Blanc, Canada’s ISIS Guidelines, the ACI Report 444.2-21 from the USA, the TRB Circular E-C246 and the CIRIA Guideline from the UK contribute to a global understanding of SM. These guidelines address common technical, theoretical, and economic challenges across regions. This paper highlights the need for international collaboration, identifying synergies and gaps to promote a unified approach to SM. It offers insights into global standards and how successful strategies can foster innovation and cohesion in SM practices worldwide. T2 - 13th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure CY - Graz, Austria DA - 01.09.2025 KW - Structural Health Monitoring KW - bridge structures KW - guidelines PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-643859 DO - https://doi.org/10.3217/978-3-99161-057-1-063 SP - 411 EP - 419 PB - Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz AN - OPUS4-64385 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Wedel, Frederik A1 - Lehmann, Frank A. A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan ED - Lienhart, Werner ED - Krüger, Markus T1 - Structural health monitoring guidelines for bridges in Germany N2 - With the advancement of digitalization and related technological developments, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has become a useful and increasingly widespread tool to assist in the maintenance management of bridges and other engineering structures. The process of implementing monitoring requires expertise in many fields such as civil engineering, bridge operation and maintenance, monitoring technology, and data analysis. In recent years, monitoring has moved from method and technology development to standard practice. However, the implementation of monitoring as a standardized process can be an obstacle, especially for bridge operators, due to a lack of practical experience combined with the various expertise required. This can affect several areas, such as determining the cost-effectiveness of a monitoring measure, proper tendering and contracting, quality control, analysis and evaluation of measurement data, and last but not least, data management. In order to support the introduction of monitoring technologies into the practice of infrastructure operators, several guidelines have been developed in Germany in recent years by different interest groups, each with a different focus and essentially complementing each other. This paper aims to provide an overview of four different recently published guidelines and to highlight their strengths and advantages. T2 - 13th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure CY - Graz, Austria DA - 01.09.2025 KW - Structural Health Monitoring KW - Bridge structures KW - Guidelines PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-643809 DO - https://doi.org/10.3217/978-3-99161-057-1-064 SP - 420 EP - 427 PB - Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz AN - OPUS4-64380 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dávila, Josué A1 - Kleba-Ehrhardt, Rafael A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai T1 - Influence Of Initial Powder Oxidation Level On Process-induced Material Degradation During The Laser Powder Bed Fusion Of Nickel-based Haynes 282 N2 - This study examines the impact of varying oxidation levels in nickel-based Haynes 282 powder on particle degradation during laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB|M). Four powder batches with oxygen content levels of approximately from 140 ppm to1400 ppm were processed using PBF-LB|M. A powder collection container was fabricated to sample unmelted powder from heat-affected regions of the powder bed. Recoating and melting proceeded without issues; however, increased fume emissions were observed at higher oxidation levels, indicating intensified spatter formation. Post-process analysis revealed that finer particles exhibited greater surface oxidation due to their higher surface-to-volume ratio. Despite significant oxygen uptake, chemical analysis showed no measurable changes in key alloying elements in either the unmelted or spatter particles. Additionally, changes in particle size distribution became more pronounced at high oxidation levels. These findings provide a basis for understanding oxidation-driven degradation and optimizing powder reuse strategies to maintain material performance. T2 - Euro Powder Metallurgy 2025 Congress & Exhibition CY - Glasgow, United Kingdom DA - 14.09.2025 KW - Recycling KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) KW - Powder quality KW - Powder degradation KW - Powder oxidation KW - Spatter particles KW - Particles ejected KW - Powder reuse PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.59499/EP256767986 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - EPMA AN - OPUS4-64369 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Uhlig, Marvin A1 - Schröder, Nina A1 - Höfer, Kevin A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas A1 - Hensel, Jonas T1 - Schweißverfahrensqualifikation an Stumpfnahtverbindungen aus Altstahl- und Feinkornbaustahl N2 - Der Erhalt und die Ertüchtigung bestehender Stahltragwerke gewinnen im Bauwesen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Besonders betroffen sind Konstruktionen aus sogenannten Flussstählen, die im Zeitraum zwischen etwa 1880 und 1940, noch vor Einführung der ersten Stahlnorm DIN 488-1, in großem Umfang im Brücken-, Wasserbau- und Hochspannungsanlagenbau verwendet wurden. Diese Stähle wurden in historischen erstellungsverfahren wie dem Thomas-, Bessemer- oder Siemens-Martin-Verfahren erzeugt und weisen im Vergleich zu heutigen Baustählen eine deutlich größere Streuung in ihren chemischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften auf. Trotz ihres hohen Alters sind viele dieser Tragwerke nach wie vor im Betrieb und befinden sich am Rande ihrer statischen und funktionalen Anforderungen. Ihr Rückbau und Ersatz durch Neubauten sind jedoch oftmals mit erheblichem wirtschaftlichem, logistischem und ökologischem Aufwand verbunden. Daher rückt die Instandhaltung und Weiterverwendung solcher Altbauwerke verstärkt in den Fokus von Infrastrukturprogrammen, Sanierungsstrategien und besitzt eine große kulturelle Bedeutung. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Untersuchung soll das Potenzial des MAG-Schweißens mit G 18 8 Mn Zusatzwerkstoff für Stumpfnahtverbindungen aus Flussstahl und Feinkornbaustahl qualifiziert werden. Ziel ist es, durch experimentelle und werkstofftechnische Analysen weitere Erkenntnisse über die Schweißbarkeit historischer Stähle zu gewinnen, Anwendungsempfehlungen für die Praxis abzuleiten und damit einen Beitrag zur sicheren und wirtschaftlichen Sanierung historischer Infrastrukturbauwerke zu leisten. T2 - DVS Congress 2025 CY - Essen, Germany DA - 16.09.2025 KW - Altstahl KW - MAG-Schweißen KW - Seigerungen KW - Instandsetzung KW - Feinkornbaustahl PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-96144-298-0 VL - 401 SP - 1 EP - 17 AN - OPUS4-64278 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meyer, Lena A1 - Elert, Anna Maria A1 - Koch, Claudia T1 - A digital Quality Infrastructure for testing and calibration laboratories: from theory to practice N2 - The digital Quality Infrastructure (QI) offers significant potential to enhance the technical excellence and efficiency of laboratory operations. By leveraging tools and processes of a digital QI laboratories, their customers, authorities and other stakeholders can enhance efficiency foster trust and generate added value. This paper introduces the digital QI toolset and ecosystem as developed in the German initiative QI Digital, and explores concrete Scenarios for their implementation in laboratories Successful rollout not only requires technical development but also intense stakeholder engagement . Consequently, this paper shares insights and outcomes from a structured stakeholder dialogue with the laboratory community, and outlines the establishment of the digital LabHub' as a pivotal step to drive digital transformation and facilitate the widespread Adoption of digital QI within laboratories and their broader ecosystem. T2 - 2025 IMEKO Joint Conference TC8 -TC11 - TC24 CY - Turin, Italy DA - 14.09.2025 KW - Quality Infrastructure KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratories PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-64282 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönsee, Eric A1 - Hüsken, Götz A1 - Kocherla, Amarteja A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph T1 - A framework for characterising the reflection intensity of a 3D-CP mortar N2 - The growing interest of 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) arises new challenges for quality control. A major challenge lies in evaluation of the interlayer bond strength. An optical approach is developed to monitor the surface properties of the printed layer. Commercial laser profile scanners are utilised to record the reflection intensity of the mortar’s surface. To be applicable in the printing process, the reflection intensity needs to be characterised for each material within the printable region and further effects, like geometry and environmental light, need to be considered. The presented work aims to provide a framework for implementing the laser reflection intensity to 3DCP monitoring. T2 - NDT-CE 2025 - The International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing in Civil Engineering CY - Izmir, Türkiye DA - 24.09.2025 KW - 3D Concrete Printing KW - In Situ Measurements KW - Laser reflection intensity PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-643047 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/31728 SN - 1435-4934 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-64304 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Sein, Sander A1 - Kervalisvil, Andrei A1 - Wöstmann, Jens A1 - Helm, Marek T1 - Muon tomography - ready for practical application? N2 - Muon tomography uses naturally occurring nuclear particles to 'X-ray' technical objects. It has applications in security and nuclear safeguards, but not yet in civil engineering. The potential is enormous, as muon tomography could replace traditional X-ray imaging of infrastructure, a method that was popular in the past but has mostly been abandoned due to concerns about radiation safety. In 2020, a report on the first large-scale muon tomography experiment on a reinforced concrete specimen was published. However, robust mobile detectors and faster data acquisition methods are still needed. This is now changing, however. Prototype mobile detectors have been announced or are in development, and data acquisition time has been reduced from weeks to days. This presentation will showcase current developments and focus on a validation experiment at BAM. T2 - NDT-CE 2025 - The International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing in Civil Engineering CY - Izmir, Türkiye DA - 24.09.2025 KW - Concrete KW - Muon tomography KW - Inspection PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-642517 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/31696 SN - 1435-4934 VL - 30 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - ndt.net AN - OPUS4-64251 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rabe, Ute A1 - Emge, Julia A1 - Klein, Samuel A1 - Oswald, Jan A1 - Shpakova, Nina A1 - Stopp, Philipp A1 - Weingard, Christoph A1 - Koster, Dirk A1 - Schönsee, Eric A1 - Hille, Frank A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Development of distributed sensor electronics for energy-efficient and proactive maintenance of buildings N2 - Permanently installed sensor systems are becoming increasingly important for monitoring critical infrastructure. The research institutes Fraunhofer IZFP and BAM, together with industrial partners and users, are developing a concept for an electronic system consisting of an Edge-Gateway as a central high-performance node and a variable number of Sensor-Edge units that establish the connection between the sensors of the permanent monitoring system and the gateway, which also provides connection to a cloud. A software tool allows identification and localization of sensors and visualization of sensor data. The principle of the system is demonstrated using sensors installed in the road surface to monitor traffic loads as an example. Two test structures, a full-scale laboratory at Fraunhofer IZFP, Saarbrücken, and the “BLEIB” reference structure at BAM, test site technical safety (TTS) Horstwalde, were used to demonstrate the principle and the functioning of the electronic system. T2 - NDT-CE 2025 - The International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing in Civil Engineering CY - Izmir, Türkiye DA - 24.09.2025 KW - Edge computing KW - Bridge monitoring KW - Multi-sensor PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-642530 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/31650 SN - 1435-4934 VL - 30 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - ndt.net AN - OPUS4-64253 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Roumia, N. A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Mazotti, C. T1 - Post-tensioned concrete inspection and imaging using 2D and 3D Dry Point Contact ultrasound array N2 - by the asset owners. Advancements were introduced to the method by distributing numerous shear horizontal Dry Point Contact (DPC) transducers in a uniform way, forming a linear array that allows for immediate two-dimensional imaging of the subsurface using Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT). Recent developments were implemented, allowing for the full potential use of the array by means of three-dimensionaldata acquisition instead of two-dimensional. This work provides a practical comparison between the 2D Linear scanning mode and the newly introduced 3D Matrix scanning mode regarding the tendon duct inspection, grouting quality, and reinforcement localization. Imaging the subsurface was performed through research-oriented software, namely InterSAFT, which allows for 2D and 3D imaging using Linear and Matrix data acquisitions. T2 - NDT-CE 2025 - The International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing in Civil Engineering CY - Izmir, Türkiye DA - 24.09.2025 KW - Ultrasound KW - Imaging KW - Concrete KW - SAFT PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-642551 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/31690 SN - 1435-4934 VL - 30 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - ndt.net AN - OPUS4-64255 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Monavari, Mehran A1 - Prellwitz, Matthias A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - van de Kreeke, Johannes A1 - Melzer, Michael A1 - Richter, Silke T1 - The Digital Reference Material Document: From Paper Certificates to Interoperable Data Objects in Digital Quality Infrastructure N2 - Reference materials (RMs) are essential for traceable and reliable measurements in science and industry, yet their certificate/document remain largely paper-based. The Digital Reference Material Document (DRMD) project at BAM introduces a transformative approach by converting traditional RM certificates/documents into machine-interpretable, XML-based digital assets. Building on the Digital Calibration Certificate framework, DRMDs encode ISO 33401 requirements and integrate semantic standards like D-SI and material identifiers. These digital documents support automated data exchange, integration into laboratory systems, and interoperability e.g. via asset administration shells and data spaces. The paper presents the DRMD schema concept, and outlines the path toward international harmonization and large-scale deployment, positioning DRMDs as a cornerstone of a digital quality infrastructure. T2 - IMEKO TC-6 International Conference on Metrology and Digital Transformation - M4DConf 2025 DA - 03.09.2025 KW - Digital Reference Material Document KW - Quality Infrastructure KW - Reference Material Certificate KW - DRMD PY - 2025 UR - https://www.m4dconf.org/ UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/measurement-digitalization SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-64269 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schneider, Joachim A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Ebert, Dominik A1 - Ehrenberg, Andreas A1 - Schraut, Katharina A1 - Algermissen, David A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Usage of BOF slag and next generation EAF slag in the cement industry N2 - When the transformation of its production routes, which the European steel industry aims to complete within the next two decades, is accomplished, increased amounts of EAF slag will be generated. In most cases the BF/BOF production route is intended to be substituted by a DRI/EAF combination. But in some cases only the BF will be substituted by a DRI/SAF (smelter) combination and the BOF process remains. Then BOF slags will remain, too. BAM and FEhS cooperate together with further research and industry partners in two research projects dealing on the one hand with the utilisation of modified BOF slag as a cement clinker substitute ("SlagCEM") and on the other hand with the use of modified and granulated EAF slag as granulated blast furnace slag (GBS) substitute ("DRI-EOS"). T2 - 9th International Slag Valorisation Symposium CY - Leuven, Belgium DA - 08.04.2025 KW - Steel slags KW - Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) KW - Electric arc furnace (EAF) KW - Cement KW - Slag valorisation PY - 2025 SP - 187 EP - 191 AN - OPUS4-64713 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Solodov, Dmitry A1 - Nazari, Narges A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Kersten, Holger T1 - Exploring the Potential of Plasma Microhollow Cathode Transducers for Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing N2 - This study examines the feasibility of using Microhollow Cathode (MHC) plasma transducers as contactless, broadband sources for air-coupled ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT). To improve the detection of small or weakly bonded defects, the approach integrates Local Defect Resonance (LDR), which amplifies flaw responses at their natural vibrational frequencies. T2 - ICU2025 - International Congress on Ultrasonics 2025 CY - Paderborn, Germany DA - 21.09.2025 KW - Microhollow cathodes KW - NDT KW - LDR KW - Air-coupled ultrasound PY - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-64738 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rübner, Katrin A1 - Stuff, Maria A1 - Großmann, Karsten A1 - Pniok, Nicole A1 - Dreisow, Bianca T1 - A silica-based protective system modified with rock powder for the preservation of tuff stone N2 - Tuffs are lightweight and porous pyroclastic rocks composed of a volcanic ash matrix containing pumice and rock fragments, quartz, sanidine and other individual crystals, zeolites, and clay minerals. Due to their low density and high porosity, tuff stones are easy to work with and transport. They have been used as construction material in many historical buildings in Germany. However, most tuff stones exhibit poor resistance to weathering due to their morphology and porosity. If the physico-chemical degradation of the stones is already well advanced, ensuring the safety of the buildings often requires extensive stone replacement. However, this contradicts the fundamental principle of conservation, which prioritises the preservation of the original material. In a recently completed research project, a silica-based protective system modified with rock powder was developed for the preservation of tuff stone. Suitable colloidal silica dispersions and modified rock powders customised produced from tuff waste were used. The protective system was optimised to reduce the capillary water absorption of tuff while maintaining its water vapour diffusion properties, to build a durable protective system-tuff bond, and to achieve a visual and tactile resemblance to tuff. The protective system was developed at laboratory scale. It was subsequently applied to a test area at a restoration site in Berlin-Zehlendorf, Germany, to assess its performance under outdoor conditions. By applying the new protective system, the historic building structure is better preserved, tuff stone resources are saved, and tuff waste is effectively recycled. T2 - STONE 2025 - 15th international congess on the deterioration and conservation of stone CY - Paris, France DA - 08.09.2025 KW - Protective system KW - Rock powder KW - Silica sol KW - Stone preservation KW - Tuff stone KW - Tuff waste recycling PY - 2025 SP - 743 EP - 749 AN - OPUS4-64748 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Leimkötter, D. A1 - Hermann, L. A1 - Emter, J. A1 - Brey, C. A1 - Künstler, J. A1 - Hartmann, S. A1 - Krannich, G. A1 - Moggert, N. A1 - Kurz, P. A1 - Eder, C. A1 - Grimm, B. A1 - Adam, Christian ED - Holm, O. ED - Thomé-Kozmiensky, E. ED - Quicker, P. ED - Kopp-Assenmacher, S. T1 - Success-Story CaNaPO4: Erfolgreiche REACH Registrierung und Inbetriebnahme großtechnischer Anlagen N2 - The Sewage Sludge Ordinance (AbfKlärV), which was amended in 2017, obligate the recovery of phosphorus from sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash from 2029 and 2032, respectively. Thermal disposal of sewage sludge has established itself as the preferred method of disposal, and the capacities of mono-incineration plants are being continuously expanded. Plants for phosphorus recovery, on the other hand, are currently still mainly in the construction, piloting, or commissioning phase. It is estimated that the plant capacities for P recovery planned today will not even be able to cover a quarter of the volume of these ashes in 2029. Therefore, temporary storage of the remaining ashes is currently being discussed to retrieve it later and process it in the P recovery plants, which will then be sufficiently available. It is currently unclear how such interim or long-term storage (> 1 year) should be organized. In addition to legal (fee) issues, the assessment of the technical feasibility of retrievability and the phosphorus recovery potential of landfilled ash remains open. The Institute of Environmental Engineering (ISA) at RWTH Aachen University and the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) are jointly investigating five deposited ashes that have been dug out and were provided by three landfill operators. The investigations focus on the physical and chemical characterization of these landfilled ashes and its P recovery potential during treatment in thermochemical and wet chemical processes. These results are evaluated in comparison with “fresh,” i.e., non-landfilled sewage sludge ash samples of comparable origin in order to determine the influence of storage. T2 - Berliner Klärschlamm Konferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.11.2025 KW - Phosphor KW - Recycling KW - Thermochemisch KW - Dünger KW - Großtechnik PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-911006-63-7 VL - 8 SP - 236 EP - 256 PB - Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH CY - Neuruppin AN - OPUS4-64833 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, B. A1 - Gottschalk, G.-F. A1 - Biegler, M. A1 - Goecke, S.-F. A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Detektion von Bindefehlern mittels neuronaler Netze bei DED-Arc/M von Aluminium anhand von Echtzeit- Schweißstromquellendaten N2 - Mit der Anwendung des Schutzgasschweißens für additive Strukturen wird aufbauend auf Machine-Learning-Modellen, welche bereits zum Überwachen beim Verbindungsschweißen erforscht wurden, ein tiefes neuronales Netz (DNN) zum Monitoring beim DED-Arc/M von Aluminium vorgestellt. Ziel des Machine Learning Modells ist das Identifizieren von Bindefehlern in den aufgebauten Volumina mit prozessbegleitend gemessenen Schweißstromquellensignalen als Input. Es werden durch Algorithmen Merkmalsvariablen in der Vorverarbeitung der Daten extrahiert und die Korrelation zwischen den Merkmalsvariablen und den Bindefehlern analysiert. Durch den vorgestellten Algorithmus werden diese automatisiert als Input an ein DNN übergeben. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Genauigkeit der Klassifizierung von verschiedenen DNN-Architekturen mit jeweils 4 verdeckten Schichten. Als Trainings- und Testsatz werden randomisiert extrahierte Merkmale von defektfreien und fehlerhaften Proben verwendet, wobei Bindefehler zum Teil absichtlich provoziert werden. Das entwickelte neuronale Netz erkennt anhand signifikanter Merkmale aus den Strom- und Spannungsdaten Bindefehler mit einer Genauigkeit von ca. 90%. T2 - 45. Assistentenseminar Füge- und Schweißtechnik CY - Niederaudorf, Germany DA - 09.11.2024 KW - DED-Arc/M KW - Aluminiumschweißen KW - Prozessüberwachung KW - Machine Learning KW - Deep Neural Network KW - Bindefehler PY - 2025 SP - 139 EP - 144 PB - DVS Media GmbH AN - OPUS4-64838 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Ramasetti, Eshwar Kumar A1 - Ponnam, Poojitha A1 - Degener, Sebastian ED - Briffaut, Matthieu ED - Torrenti, Jean Michel T1 - Characterization of Smart Acceleration Sensors for Traffic Recognition using AI at the Nibelungen Bridge Worms N2 - The integration of digital sensors into Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems presents both significant opportunities and challenges, particularly in terms of sensor data management, bandwidth optimization, and system performance enhancement. This study examines the use of smart digital acceleration sensors, specifically MEMS accelerometers with CAN bus interfaces, deployed on the Nibelungen Bridge in Worms, Germany. The research evaluates the sensors' performance and calibration through laboratory and in-situ measurements, focusing on traffic load detection for vehicle recognition using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. Additionally, the potential of AI, particularly autoencoders, in mitigating measurement uncertainties for traffic load detection is explored. T2 - 2025 fib International Symposium CY - Antibes, France DA - 16.06.2025 KW - SHM KW - Transfer Learning KW - SPP100+ KW - Nibelungen Bridge KW - Calibration KW - MEMS PY - 2025 UR - https://shop.fib-international.org/publications/fib-proceedings/1046-21th-fib-Symposium-Proceedings-in-Antibes-2025-France SN - 978-2-940643-29-5 SN - 2617-4820 SP - 3207 EP - 3816 CY - Antibes AN - OPUS4-64848 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kang, Chongjie A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Eisermann, Cedric A1 - Marx, Steffen ED - Chang, Fu-Kuo ED - Guemes, Alfredo T1 - Collaborative Structural Health Monitoring for Bridge Digital Twins N2 - Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is an effective tool that not only reduces reliance on periodic inspections but also enhances them by analyzing the current state of a structure based on the latest structural data. Collaborative SHM, which integrates various SHM systems within the scope of bridge digital twins (BDTs), enhances infrastructure resilience and maintenance strategies. However, it faces challenges in integrating distributed sensor networks and requires interdisciplinary collaboration. In this work, various aspects of enhancing collaborative SHM with BDTs are presented. As a pilot project, the Nibelungen Bridge in Worms (NBW), Germany, is introduced. Based on specific stakeholder and project requirements, various SHM systems havebeen installed on this bridge. To address these challenges, goal-oriented solutions have been developed and elaborated. Finally, conclusions and future outlooks are presented. T2 - 15th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY - Stanford, CA, USA DA - 09.09.2025 KW - SHM KW - Collaborative Sensing KW - Nibelungen Bridge KW - SPP100+ PY - 2025 SN - 978-1-60595-699-2 DO - https://doi.org/10.12783/shm2025/37546 SP - 2305 EP - 2312 PB - DEStech Publications CY - Lancaster, PA, USA AN - OPUS4-64851 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -