TY - CONF A1 - Seeber, Henrik A1 - Grobert, Steffen A1 - Krentel, Daniel T1 - Investigation of intracorporeal shock wave propagation using a simplified torso model and a shock wave generator –a progress report N2 - Following directly from the information presented at IFBIC 2023 on the research project 'Investigation of intracorporeal shock wave propagation using a simplified torso model and a shock wave generator', the latest results are presented below [1]. In order to contribute to the research efforts on the primary explosion effects, the aim of the investigation is the development of a multidisciplinary method to investigate shock wave behavior in various generic tissue simulants under the most reproducible conditions possible with realistic loads in an experimental series with short set-up times. To achieve this, an autoclave with a volume of 0.065 m3 is used to generate reproducible pressure waves (Fig. 1). The autoclave will be referred to as Shockwave Generator (SWG). The pressure wave is produced by the detonation of a stoichiometric mixture of acetylene and oxygen under atmospheric conditions. The SWG-outlet is sealed by a rupture disc, which can be adjusted in thickness to vary the initial pressure. Additionally, modifying the composition of the acetylene-oxygen mixture can result in different load cases. The SWG requires approximately 30 minutes of set-up time between trials. The SWG was adjusted to match the characteristics of a real and typical explosive through free-field measurements. The experiments demonstrated that the pressure wave propagates in a hemispherical shape and has sufficient reproducibility. To represent soft tissue, a basic model made of homogeneous ballistic gelatin is used in a geometrically simplified torso model (STM) (Fig. 2). The STM was enlarged to outer dimensions of 400 x 250 x 240 mm. Viscoelastic behavior of the ballistic gelatin can be assumed due to the collagen structure [2]. The density of the ballistic gelatin, and therefore the sound velocity, can be adjusted by changing the mixing ratio. Simplified simulants, such as hollow and solid material (bone simulant), were embedded in the STM. Additionally, the STM has been tested as a carrier material for biological substances, such as indicator species. The next step is to test the STM as a carrier material for larger organic tissue structures such as lungs or kidneys. The organic tissue samples will undergo histological examination to analyze their structural changes afterwards. The STM is equipped with embedded piezoelectric pressure sensors, an accelerometer and a temperature sensor. Visual documentation is captured using a high-speed camera. This measurement setup allows for the tracking of the coupled pressure wave and its behavior within the model and at the media transitions. Pressure values can be recorded after certain media changes, such as from soft tissue to a solid material (Figure 3). The following is a review of the optimizations made to the entire experimental setup. The reproducibility of the SWG was increased. This was achieved by extending the evacuation process to the entire feed system of the SWG. Nitrogen residues in the SWG system can thus be avoided. As a result, the double peaks that occur at the first maximum can be avoided, as combustion runs more evenly without the nitrogen residues. In addition, partially varying peak overpressures can be avoided, as the acytelene-oxygen mixture is not too lean due to the elimination of the nitrogen residues. The workflow has been streamlined, resulting in an average set-up time of 25 minutes for the SWG. In the case of the STM, the manufacturing process in particular was optimized by examining and defining the manufacturing process based on scientific publications, which increases the reproducibility of the STM base bodies. As already mentioned in the previous paragraph, the STM was equipped with various additives in order to investigate the transition behavior of the pressure wave. The following trail serves as an example: A comparison is made between the STM in the basic structure (Fig. 2 l.s.) and with an embedded solid material (bone plate) (Fig. 3 l.s.). An external overpressure of 100 kPa is generated by the SWG at a distance of 1 m, where the STM is placed. For the basic STM structure, the sensor distance is consistently 100 mm. The internal overpressure is visible in Fig. 2 r.s.. A typical ideal pressure curve can be seen. The characteristic points are easily distinguishable from the reflection peaks. In the STM with an embedded solid material, the sensor distance remains consistently at 66.6 mm T2 - 8th International Forum on Blast Injury Countermeasures CY - Washington D.C., USA DA - 01.05.2024 KW - Shock wave generator KW - Blast injury KW - Primäre Explosionswirkung KW - Experimental setup PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60044 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Milczewski, Frank A1 - Ciornii, Dmitri A1 - Hodoroaba, Dan T1 - Preliminary results of an interlaboratory comparison on microplastics organised by plasticsfate N2 - Microplastics are everywhere in the environment, but analytics is challenging. Since harmonisation is missing as well es suitable reference materials, BAM did under th umbrella of VAMAS funded by the EU Horizon 2020 project PlasticsFate a ILC for microplastic detection methods. Methods adressed were IR, Raman, Py-GC/MS and TED-GC/MS. The talk gives a first presentation and evaluation on the results. T2 - CUSP annual meeting and conference CY - Utrecht, Netherlands DA - 12.09.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Polymer 3R KW - Reference material KW - ILC on detection methods PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60036 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Giovannozzi, A A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Wiesner, Yosri T1 - Metrological traceability of measurement data from nano- to small microplastics for a greener environment and food safety N2 - This talk descibes the EMPIR project PlasticTrace. Reference materials for microplastics will be developed. The production process and characterisation is explained by SEM, Raman, IR, Py-GC/MS and TED-GC/MS. Homogeneity control was successful. Stability check show no changes over 6 month. T2 - SETAC Europe 2024 CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 05.05.2024 KW - Microplastics KW - Reference materials KW - Polymer 3R KW - TED-GC/MS PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60033 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dalgic, Mete-Sungur T1 - Lösemittelfreie Probenpräparation zur Untersuchung von Polymerblends mittels MALDI-TOF MS N2 - Die Probenpräparation ist ein wichtiger Schritt für die Qualität der Massenspektren in MALDI-TOF MS. Es werden Polymerproben, die lösungsmittelbasiert und lösungsmittelfrei präpariert worden sind, verglichen. Dabei werden die Intensitätsverhältnisse von ternären Mischungen von PEG-, PS- und PMMA-Polymeren beachtet. T2 - 28. Kolloquium - Massenspektrometrische Techniken zur Untersuchung synthetischer Polymere CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.05.2024 KW - Polymere KW - Massenspektrometrie KW - Probenpräparation PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60032 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kricheldorf, H. T1 - MALDI TOF MS zur Aufklärung von Kristallisationsprozessen in Polyestern N2 - MALDI TOF Massenspektrometrie wurde verwendet, um Kristallisationsprozesse in Polyestern (Polylactide, Polyglycolide) zu untersuchen. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass Zyklen und Linearen simultan, aber in unterschiedlichen Kristalliten, kristallisieren. Die dabei ablaufenden Umesterungen (Transesterifizierungen) konnten mit der MALDI TOF Massenspektrometrie nachgewiesen werden. Damit wurde ein völlig neues Anwendungsgebiet dieser MS Methode demonstriert. T2 - 28. Kolloquium Massenspektrometrie von Polymeren CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.05.2024 KW - MALDI TOF MS KW - Bioabbaubare Polymere KW - Crystallinity PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60029 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heinekamp, Christian A1 - Guiherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Ahrens, Mike A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Braun, Thomas T1 - An Amorphous Lewis-acidic Zirconium Chlorofluoride as HF Shuttle: C-F Bond Activation and Formation N2 - In recent years, fluorine chemistry has gained increasing political attention. Owing to a growing shortage of fluorspar, a raw material used for producing fluorinated base chemicals, fluorospar has been named among the 30 critical raw materials in the EU.2 As such, it becomes increasingly important to recycle existing fluorinated compounds and make them available as sources of fluorine for reactions. Significant progress has been made in the field of C-F bond activation using heterogeneous catalysts such as aluminum chlorofluoride (ACF).3–5 However, the transfer of fluorine atoms from one molecule to another using heterogeneous catalysts has not yet been reported. In this study, we successfully synthesized amorphous zirconium chlorofluoride (ZCF), and we were able to establish a catalytic behavior of ZCF in C-F bond activation reactions. We present a heterogeneous catalyst that performs dehydrofluorination of a fluoroalkane and consecutive hydrofluorination of an alkyne at room temperature. T2 - 2nd South African Fluorine Symposium CY - Sun City, South Africa DA - 09.02.2024 KW - ZCF KW - Heterogeneous catalysis KW - C-F bond activation KW - HF-shuttle PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59618 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heinekamp, Christian A1 - Guiherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Ahrens, Mike A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Braun, Thomas T1 - Exploring amorphous lewis-acidic zirconium chloro fluoride as a heterogeneous HF shuttle N2 - Owing to a growing shortage of fluorspar, a raw material used for producing fluorinated base chemicals, fluorspar has been named among the 30 critical raw materials in the EU. 1 However, the sustainable transfer of fluorine atoms from one molecule to another using heterogeneous catalysts has not yet been reported. Herein, we present the heterogeneous catalyst zirconium chloro fluoride (ZCF) that performs dehydrofluorination of a fluoroalkane and consecutive hydrofluorination of an alkyne at room temperature. T2 - Make and Measure 2023 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.09.2023 KW - ZCF KW - Heterogeneous catalysis KW - C-F bond activation KW - HF-shuttle PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59616 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wiesner, Yosri A1 - Giovannozzi, A.M. A1 - Fadda, M. A1 - Sacco, A. A1 - Putzu, M. A1 - Norberta, S. A1 - Lorenzo, M. A1 - Miclea, P.-T. A1 - Benismail, N. A1 - Maltseva, A. A1 - van Bavel, B. A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Reference material candidates for Microplastic analysis N2 - Microplastic reference material is required for validation and harmonization purposes. This includes the analysis of the pure polymer particles and the validation of the respective measurement methods. In addition, there is the harmonization of different laboratories. On the other hand, sample preparation methods must be validated and harmonized with regard to their recovery and subsequent analysis in the respective matrices. For this purpose, we produce reference material candidates in the form of tablets with different mass fractions and particle numbers of polyethelene terephthalate. In the presentation first measurement results by µ-Raman, µ-FTIR, pyrolysis-GC-MS and TED-GC/MS will be presented. T2 - SETAC Europe 34th Annual Meeting CY - Seville, Spain DA - 05.05.2024 KW - Reference material KW - Microplastics KW - PlasticTrace PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60019 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lecompagnon, Julien T1 - Nondestructive defect characterization using full-frame spatially structured super resolution laser thermography N2 - Die laserbasierte aktive thermografische Prüfung als berührungslose Methode der zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung (NDT) basiert auf der aktiven Erwärmung des Testobjekts (OuT) und Messung des resultierenden Temperaturanstiegs mit einer Infrarotkamera. Dadurch bedingt können systematische Abweichungen vom vorhergesagten Erwärmungsverhalten Aufschluss über dessen innere Struktur geben. Jedoch ist das Auflösungsvermögen für innenliegende Defekte durch die diffusive Natur der Wärmeleitung in Festkörpern begrenzt. Thermografische Super-Resolution (SR)-Methoden zielen darauf ab, diese Limitation durch die Kombination mehrerer Messungen mit jeweils unterschiedlicher strukturierter Erwärmung und mathematischer Optimierungsmethoden zu überwinden. Zur Rekonstruktion innerer Defekte mithilfe thermografischer SR-Rekonstruktionsmethodik wird für die Gesamtheit mehrerer Messungen ein schlecht gestelltes und stark regularisiertes inverses mathematisches Problem gelöst, was in einer dünnbesetzten Karte der internen Defektstruktur des OuTs resultiert. Der vorliegende Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über die geleisteten Arbeiten in diesem Gebiet im Rahmen der hier mit dem Wissenschaftspreis der DGZfP 2024 prämierten Arbeit. T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) 2024 CY - Osnabrück, Germany DA - 06.05.2024 KW - Thermografie KW - Laser KW - ZfP KW - Super-Resolution KW - DLP KW - DMD PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60007 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana T1 - Biobased and biodegradable Polymers: Analytical Challenges N2 - The variability and heterogeneity in their structural composition is significant for nearly all synthetic and natural polymers. Beside molar mass also functionality type distribution, copolymer composition distribution and architectural features are responsible for changing the material properties. A wide range of analytical techniques are available to get insight into these parameters. However, in most cases it is essential to combine different sophisticated techniques to get closer to actual structures and to avoid statistical averages. Different liquid chromatographic separation modes and their coupling in a two-dimensional way (SEC, LCCC, HILIC, 2D-LC) in combination with suitable detection techniques (e.g. UV, RI, LS, IR, MALDI/ESI-MS) as well as techniques like BET, DCS, SEM/TEM were applied to make structural features visible. A few aspects are discussed for structural different polylactides from various synthesis routes and their behavior in LC-MS. T2 - 34th International Symposium on Polymer Analysis and Characterization (ISPAC) CY - Stellenbosch, South Africa DA - 24.04.2023 KW - Biobased polymers KW - Biodegradable polymers KW - Analytical techniques PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60002 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -