TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Blankenhagel, Paul T1 - Organic peroxide fireballs - Project summary (2016 - 2018) N2 - Final report of research activities at BAM concerning large scale fireballs of organic peroxides (OP). New models for OP fireball diameter, duration, height and Surface Emmissive Power (SEP) are proposed and discussed based on a large number of large-scale and small-scale experiments using Di-tert-butylperoxide (DTBP) as a liquid OP and heptane as a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Finally, CFD simulations are used to predict the fireball parameters: diameter, duration, height and SEP. Also the impact on the German storage regulations for organic peroxides are discussed. T2 - IGUS EOS Meeting 2019 CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 21.04.2019 KW - Fireball KW - Organic Peroxide KW - DTBP KW - Thermal Radiation KW - CFD KW - Safety distances PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48522 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blankenhagel, Paul A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Numerische Modellierung von Feuerbällen organischer Peroxide N2 - Auf Basis experimenteller Ergebnisse wird anhand von zwei Verfahren die Reaktionsführung für die Verbrennung von OP Feuerbällen in Ansys CFX variiert und diskutiert. Im Fokus stehen die Berechnung der Feuerballcharakteristiken Durchmesser, Branddauer, Höhe und thermische Strahlungsbelastung. Beide Reaktionsführungen sind nicht in der Lage die kompletten experimentell beobachtenden Eigenschaften wiederzugeben. Durch die Kombination beider Verfahren lässt sich das Gefahrenpotenzial der Feuerbälle allerdings abschätzen. T2 - ProcessNet-Arbeitsausschuss "Auswirkungen von Stoff- und Energiefreisetzungen" CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 22.11.2017 KW - Organische Peroxide KW - Feuerbälle KW - CFD KW - Ansys CFX PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43067 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blankenhagel, Paul A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Fireballs of liquid organic peroxides - New large scale test results N2 - Summary of recent research activities at BAM concerning large scale fireballs of organic peroxides (OP). For the tests performed in Nanjing, China, the experimental setup and data aquisition is briefly shown and results are discussed compared with semi-empirical models. A new model is proposed for assessing OP fireballs. Thermal safety distances are calculated and compared for the three large tests. T2 - IGUS EOS ad-hoc meeting CY - Franfkurt am Main, Germany DA - 25.09.2017 KW - Fireball KW - Organic peroxide KW - Thermal radiation KW - Safety distances PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43055 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blankenhagel, Paul A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Steinbach, J. T1 - Brandszenarien organischer Peroxide in Stahlbehältern N2 - Für organische Peroxide (OP) ergeben sich im Falle eines Brandes im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen entzündbaren/brennbaren Stoffen höhere Massenabbrandraten, größere Flammenhöhen und erhöhte Strahlungsbelastungen für Objekte und Personen in der Umgebung. Eine besondere Gefahr kann von OP in Stahlgefäßen ausgehen, sofern sie für die Lagerung oder Beförderung zugelassen sind. Brandversuche an 200-Liter-Stahlfässern zeigen z. B. eine explosionsartige Ausbildung von Feuerbällen hochkonzentrierter flüssiger OP nach einem zuvor schon heftigen Abbrandverhalten. In diesem Beitrag wird auf den Brand verschiedener OP in Stahlfässern eingegangen und die Schadenswirkung auf die Umgebung bewertet. Die zu beobachtenden Phänomene Pool- und Jetfeuer, Boil-Over sowie Feuerball werden mittels der Versuchsergebnisse beschrieben. Messtechnisch erfasst und gegenübergestellt werden die Massenabbrandraten, diverse Flammeneigenschaften sowie die thermische Strahlungsbelastung auf die Umgebung. Durch eine Vielzahl von Versuchen zeigen sich Feuerbälle unterschiedlicher Größe, die durch bekannte semi-empirische Korrelationen für flüssige Kohlenwasserstoffe nicht beschrieben werden können. T2 - 13. Fachtagung Anlagen-, Arbeits- und Umweltsicherheit CY - Köthen, Germany DA - 16.11.2017 KW - Orgnische Peroxide KW - Feuerball KW - Thermische Strahlung KW - Sicherheitsabstände PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43045 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blankenhagel, Paul A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Fireballs of liquid organic peroxides - research at BAM N2 - Summary of recent research activities at BAM concerning fireballs of organic peroxides. Experimental setup and data aquisition is briefly shown and results are discussed compared with semi-empirical models. Moreover, approaches for CFD simulation methods are presented. Finally, collaborative research of BAM and NUST (China) is shown as an example for future work. T2 - Presentation at Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NUST) CY - Nanjing, China DA - 19.05.2017 KW - Fireball KW - Organic peroxide KW - CFD simulation PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41916 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blankenhagel, Paul A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Fireballs of liquid organic peroxides - recent research activities N2 - Fire and explosion hazards associated with storage and transportation of flammable materials have been a matter of great interest in the recent times. There are numerous studies on pool fires, BLEVEs and fireballs of hydrocarbon fuels, whereas BLEVEs and fireballs of organic peroxides (OP) were not investigated in detail yet. Recent research activities on OP fireballs are presented in terms of mass burning rates, substance temperatures and the formation of fireballs. Differences to existing correlations and their impact on hazard assessment is shown. Finally different approaches for CFD modeling are presented and compared. T2 - IGUS EOS Meeting CY - Rijswijk, The Netherlands DA - 24.04.2017 KW - Fireballs KW - Organic peroxide KW - Thermal radiation KW - CFD-simulation PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-40191 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blankenhagel, Paul A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Mishra, K. B. A1 - Steinbach, J. T1 - Fireballs as a possible hazard scenario of organic peroxides in steel drums N2 - To simulate a full fire engulfment during transportation or storage a closed removable head steel drum filled with 200 l Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is subjected to a wood fire. Due to the enormous heat flux and the exothermic self-decomposition large flames arise and finally multiple fireballs occur. The fireballs consume up to 20 % of the total mass (20 % equals to 31 kg). They are characterized by high surface emissive power and large flames associated with high thermal radiation causing spontaneous ignition of objects in the surrounding. The measured sizes of the DTBP fireballs are smaller compared to the results of the general equations for hydrocarbon fireballs. Because these equations are recommended by the Health and Safety Executive (UK) to be applicable for organic peroxides explicit comparisons of DTBP with LPG, diesel and gasoline concerning the characteristics of fireballs are carried out. Also the burning time is compared and confirms a faster combustion of the peroxide. Moreover, the development of size and emissive power for DTBP and diesel fireballs are compared in a normalized graph. The results provide the assumption that new empirical models are required to be developed for hazard assessment of organic peroxide fireballs. T2 - 5. Magdeburger Brand- und Explosionsschutztage CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 23.03.2017 KW - Organic peroxide KW - DTBP KW - Fireball KW - Steel drum KW - Simulation PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-39993 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blankenhagel, Paul A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Fireballs of organic peroxides – a worst case scenario? N2 - Fire and explosion hazards associated with storage and transportation of flammable materials have been a matter of great interest in the recent times. There are numerous studies on pool fires, BLEVEs and fireballs of hydrocarbon fuels, whereas BLEVEs and fireballs of organic peroxides (OP) are not investigated in detail yet. Fireball is a scenario that can occur when an OP filled drum is subjected to a surrounding fire. This presentation tries to extend the first investigations of OP BLEVEs presented on IGUS EOS Meeting 2015 in Ottawa. The following aspects are shown: Experimental investigation of a fired drum filled with 200 L DTBP; analyses of flame characteristics, e.g. temperatures, mass burning rates, SEP, thermal radiation properties and an overall comparison with DTBP pool fires; presentation of recommended safety distances. T2 - IGUS EOS Meeting 2016 CY - Basle, Switzerland DA - 11.04.2016 KW - Fire balls KW - Organic peroxides KW - Pool fire KW - DTBP PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36007 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -