TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Becker, B. A1 - John, Sebastian A1 - Duffner, Eric T1 - Composite storage systems for compressed hydrogen - systematic improvement of regulations for more attractive storage units JF - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy; Special issue on the 10th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Protection (SEEP 2017) N2 - Hydrogen is an attractive energy carrier that requires high effort for safe storage. Forensuring safety, they must undergo a challenging approval process. Relevant standardsand regulations for composite cylinders used for the transport of hydrogen and for its on-board storage are currently based on deterministic (e.g. ISO 11119-3) or semi-probabilistic(UN GTR No. 13) criteria. This paper analysis the properties of such methods withrespect to the evaluation of load cycle strength. Their characteristics are compared withthe probabilistic approach of the BAM. Based on Monte-Carlo simulations, the availabledesign range (mean value and scatter of strength criteria) of current concepts was exem-plarily estimated. The aspect of small sample sizes is analysed and discussed with respectto the evaluation procedures. KW - Probabilistic KW - Monte-Carlo KW - Regulations KW - Composite cylinder KW - Hydrogen vehicles KW - Transport of dangerous goods PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.04.068 SN - 0360-3199 VL - 45 IS - 25 SP - 13672 EP - 13679 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-50687 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Becker, Ben A1 - John, Sebastian A1 - Duffner, Eric T1 - Composite storage systems for compressed hydrogen - systematic improvement of regulations for more attractive storage units JF - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy N2 - Hydrogen is an attractive energy carrier that requires high effort for safe storage. For ensuring safety, they must undergo a challenging approval process. Relevant standards and regulations for composite cylinders used for the transport of hydrogen and for its onboard storage are currently based on deterministic (e.g. ISO 11119-3) or semi-probabilistic (UN GTR No. 13) criteria. This paper analysis the properties of such methods with respect to the evaluation of load cycle strength. Their characteristics are compared with the probabilistic approach of the BAM. Based on Monte-Carlo simulations, the available design range (mean value and scatter of strength criteria) of current concepts was exemplarily estimated. The aspect of small sample sizes is analysed and discussed with respect to the evaluation procedures. KW - Probabilistic KW - Monte-Carlo KW - Regulations KW - Composite cylinder KW - Hydrogen vehicles KW - Transport of dangerous goods PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.04.068 SN - 0360-3199 VL - 45 IS - 25 SP - 13672 EP - 13679 PB - Elsevier Ltd AN - OPUS4-46856 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zutta Villate, J. M. A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - Radioactive gold nanoparticles for cancer treatment JF - European physical journal D N2 - Dose enhancement by gold nanoparticles (AuNP) was shown to increase the biological effectiveness of radiation damage in biomolecules and tissue. Most of the current studies focus on external beam therapy on combination with AuNP. Here we present a Monte-Carlo study (Geant4) to characterise radioactive AuNP. Radioactive 198 Au emits beta and gamma rays and is considered for applications with solid tumours. To effectively apply 198 AuNP their energy deposit characteristics have to be determined in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic properties e.g. AuNP diameter, AuNP density, and their clustering behaviour. After each decay process, the energy deposit, inelastic scattering events, kinetic energy spectrum of secondary particles within the AuNP themselves and in a spherical target volume of water up to 1 μm radius were determined. Simulations were performed for AuNP radii ranging from 2.5 nm to 20 nm radius, different cluster sizes and densities. The results show an increase of the energy deposit in the vicinity of the AuNP up to 150 nm. This effect nearly vanishes for distances up to one micron. For the case of AuNP clusters and the same activity, the enhancement of the energy deposit increases with the relative gold mass percentage and therefore can be adjusted by changing AuNP radius or clustering behaviour. KW - Gold KW - Nanoparticle KW - Cancer KW - Monte-Carlo KW - Simulation KW - Cluster PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2019-90707-x SN - 1434-6060 SN - 1434-6079 VL - 73 IS - 95 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-47964 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -