TY - JOUR A1 - Berger, Anka A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Azodicarboxylates: Explosive properties and DSC measurements JF - Journal of loss prevention in the process industries N2 - A large number of azodicarboxylates and their derivatives are produced and used in the chemical industries. The versatile applications of these azodicarboxylates in research institutes and in the chemical industries for chemical synthesis arouse additional hazards. The intent of this paper is to obtain first knowledge about the structure–response relationship regarding the explosive properties and the thermal hazards of different versatile used azodicarboxylates. The substances are examined with the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, different laboratory test methods, based on the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, are applied to determine the explosive properties of the mentioned substances. On the basis of the obtained results, the known influence of the nitrogen content within the molecule regarding their thermal behaviour could be confirmed. The measured heat of decomposition appeared to be proportional to the nitrogen content within the group of the aliphatic and the aromatic azodicarboxylates. To emphasize this dependency, further investigations should be done. The long term objective of this research is to develop structure–response relationships of the explosive properties and the thermal hazards originating from azodicarboxylates. KW - Azodicarboxylates KW - Thermal decomposition KW - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) KW - Explosive properties PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2010.06.019 SN - 0950-4230 SN - 1873-3352 VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 734 EP - 739 PB - Butterworth CY - Guildford, Surrey AN - OPUS4-22652 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knorr, Annett A1 - Koseki, H. A1 - Li, X.-R. A1 - Tamura, M. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Whitmore, M. W. T1 - A closed pressure vessel test (CPVT) screen for explosive properties of energetic organic compounds JF - Journal of loss prevention in the process industries N2 - Results of a round-robin test on a mini-autoclave are reported and previously proposed criteria reviewed. Criteria based upon the results for three standard materials are now put forward. These standards-based criteria, in contrast to numerical criteria, theoretically allow any laboratory to utilize the data accumulated to date, irrespective of the equipment used. The practical requirement is that adequate discrimination can be achieved. Data to assess this are given. KW - Closed pressure vessel test KW - Mini-autoclave KW - MCPVT KW - Explosive properties PY - 2007 SN - 0950-4230 SN - 1873-3352 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Butterworth CY - Guildford, Surrey AN - OPUS4-14385 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Neuenfeld, S. T1 - On the explosive properties of 1H-benzotriazole and 1H-1,2,3-triazole JF - Tetrahedron letters N2 - For 1H-benzotriazole, no explosive properties are observable, but the relative high exothermic decomposition energy of 1590 J/g should be kept in mind. Nevertheless, an endothermic melting barrier at 100 °C ensures safe handling at lower temperatures. For 1H-1,2,3-triazole, the exothermic decomposition energy is as high as 2600 J/g, but explosive properties are also not detectable. Therefore, both reagents are hazardous with regard to the exothermic decomposition potential and can be handled safely with precautions. KW - 1H-Benzotriazole KW - 1H-1,2,3-Triazole KW - Explosive properties KW - DSC PY - 2007 SN - 0040-4039 SN - 1873-3581 VL - 48 IS - 7 SP - 1233 EP - 1235 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-14476 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schreck, Andreas A1 - Knorr, Annett A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Wandrey, Peter-Andreas A1 - Gmeinwieser, T. A1 - Steinbach, J. T1 - Investigation of the explosive hazard of mixtures containing hydrogen peroxide and different alcohols JF - Journal of hazardous materials N2 - The explosive properties of mixtures of aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and different alcohols (R–OH) like 2-propanol (2-PropOH), 2-methyl-2-propanol (TBA), 2-methyl-2-butanol (TAA) and 2-methyl-2-pentanol (THA) were investigated. Among others, the potential hazard of such mixtures may be characterized by their ability to react by different mechanisms of an explosion in the condensed phase, e.g. the thermal explosion or the detonation. Accordingly, the mixtures were experimentally investigated either by heating them up under confinement in different autoclaves or by exposing them to a shock wave impact applying the steel tube test. The results are discussed and compared to literature data. KW - Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and alcohols KW - Explosive properties KW - Steel tube test KW - TEVT KW - MCPVT PY - 2004 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.01.003 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 108 IS - 1-2 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-3535 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Knorr, Annett A1 - Schuurman, P. T1 - The "Mini Closed Pressure Vessel Test (MCPVT)" as a screening or classification test for explosive properties of organic peroxides JF - Journal of loss prevention in the process industries N2 - Tests according to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods for the determination of explosive properties of organic peroxides have been compared with screening criteria for explosivity based on measurements in a closed mini-autoclave (MCPVT). It will be shown that an additional screening test may be helpful but the information obtained from the UN tests are more important to characterise the specific properties of a substance under different conditions. KW - MCPVT KW - Organic peroxides KW - UN Manual of Tests and Criteria KW - Explosive properties PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2003.08.001 SN - 0950-4230 SN - 1873-3352 VL - 16 SP - 523 EP - 531 PB - Butterworth CY - Guildford, Surrey AN - OPUS4-2699 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Wandrey, Peter-Andreas A1 - Heitkamp, D. T1 - Explosive properties of 1-hydroxybenzotriazoles JF - Journal of hazardous materials KW - 1-Hydroxybenzotriazoles KW - HOBt KW - 6-Cl-HOBt KW - TBTU KW - HOAt KW - Explosive properties PY - 2005 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 126 IS - 1-3 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-11043 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -