TY - JOUR A1 - Fahmy, Alaa A1 - El Sabbagh, M. A1 - Bedair, M. A1 - Gangan, A. A1 - El-Sabbah, M. A1 - El-Bahy, S. A1 - Friedrich, J. T1 - One-step plasma deposited thin SiOxCy films for corrosion resistance of low carbon steel JF - Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology N2 - Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was used as a chemical precursor to deposit ultra-thin SiO x C y plasma polymer films onto mild steel surfaces for preventing the corrosion process. The structure–property relationships of the coatings were evaluated by X-ray Photo Spectroscopy (XPS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) completed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The SEM micrographs confirmed a pinhole-free surface morphology of the low-pressure deposited plasma polymer films. The TEOS molecules become fragmented in the plasma by numerous collisions with energy-rich electrons and heavier particles. Recombination of fragments and condensation onto the steel substrate is responsible for the formation of organic SiO containing plasma polymer layers. Such thin layers consist of predominantly SiO x structures. Their properties are determined largely by the gap distance between the two samples used as electrodes in the plasma. The efficiency of the corrosion-protecting coating was compared with uncoated samples. The corrosion protection was determined by exposure of samples to 3.5% NaCl aqueous solutions. For this purpose, polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) were used to monitor the corrosion. The optimal gap distance between the electrodes was determined for corrosion protection. The best protective efficiency reached more than 97% of the total protection as measured at room temperature. KW - Thin films KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Mild steel KW - Plasma treatments KW - Tetraethyl orthosilicate PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2020.1856539 VL - 35 IS - 16 SP - 1734 EP - 1751 PB - Taylor & Francis AN - OPUS4-52303 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kauss, N. A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Halle, T. T1 - Age-hardening behaviour, microstructure and corrosion resistance of the copper alloyed stainless steel 1.4542 JF - IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering N2 - The copper alloyed stainless steel 1.4542 (X5CrNiCuNb16-4) is used in different areas due to its good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Strength and corrosion resistance can be adjusted by the heat treatment, which is of importance for the application of this alloy. The mechanical properties (strength and hardness) are attributed to the dispersive precipitation of the copper rich ε–Phase. The additional precipitation of chromium carbides can reduce the corrosion resistance. Different ageing states were produced to investigate the precipitation behaviour with various methods. Furthermore, the influence of cold-rolling on the precipitation behaviour was studied in comparison to a solution annealed state without deformation. The microstructure was studied by SEM and the variations of hardness and magnetic proportion were characterised. The electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) was used to determine the corrosion resistance and detect chromium depletion in all heattreated states. The results show that a work hardening accelerates the precipitation rate, while ageing at 600 °C reduces the corrosion resistance due to chromium depletion. T2 - WTK2018 CY - Chemnitz DA - 14.03.2018 KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Corrosion testing KW - EPR KW - Heat treatment KW - Stainless steel PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-452482 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/373/1/012020 SN - 1757-899X SN - 1757-8981 VL - 373 SP - Article 012020, 1 EP - 9 PB - Institute of Physics CY - London AN - OPUS4-45248 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kauss, Norman A1 - Heyn, A. A1 - Michael, O. A1 - Schymura, M. A1 - Rosemann, P. T1 - Application limits and sensitisation behaviour of the manganese- and nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steel P2000 (X13CrMnMoN18-14-3) JF - Materials and Corrosion N2 - Nickel‐free high‐nitrogen‐alloyed stainless steels like the P2000 (X13CrMnMoN18‐14‐3) were developed to enhance the strength and corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels like 304 and 316 while keeping the typical high ductility. The mechanical and corrosive properties of P2000 were investigated and compared with 304 and 316 to highlight the application opportunities of this new alloy. The microstructure of the solution‐annealed condition was characterised by electron backscatter diffraction and the mechanical properties were studied by uniaxial tensile tests, Charpy impact tests and hardness measurements. The passivation behaviour was analysed using the electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation, whereas the pitting corrosion resistance was compared by pitting potentials and pitting temperatures. However, secondary thermal influences or suboptimal heat treatment can impair the corrosion resistance due to the precipitation of secondary phases and the resulting sensitisation. Thermodynamic calculations and artificial ageing treatment in the range of 500–900°C for up to 100 h were used to determine critical time–temperature parameters for sensitisation. The microstructure of the various aged states was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and compared with the degrading corrosion resistance characterised by the KorroPad method. KW - Austenitic stainless steel KW - Electrochemical methods KW - High‐nitrogen steel KW - Mechanical properties KW - Corrosion resistance PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-527925 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202112450 VL - 71 IS - 10 SP - 1656 EP - 1667 PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH AN - OPUS4-52792 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koclega, Damian A1 - Radziszewska, A. A1 - Dymek, S. A1 - Morgiel, J. A1 - Maj, L. A1 - Kranzmann, Axel T1 - Improvement of Corrosion Resistance of 13CrMo4-5 Steel by Ni-Based Laser Cladding Coatings JF - Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance N2 - The 13CrMo4-5 ferritic steel is commonly used in power plants, due to its favorable mechanical properties. According to EN 10028-2, this steel can be used at temperatures up to 570°C because of its creep behavior. The inefficient corrosion resistance limits the application of this steel to lower temperatures depending on the gas temperature and slag formation. Therefore, the application of a highly resistant Ni-based coating is proposed to extend the corrosion resistance of elements made of ferritic steel. The corrosion test was performed in an environment containing a mixture of gases, like O2, COx, and SOx, and deposited ashes with elements, e.g., Na, Cl, Ca, Si, C, Fe, and Al. The exposure time was, respectively, 240 h, 1000 h and 4500 h at a temperature of 600°C. The oxide scale formed on the 13CrMo4-5 steel was significantly thicker than on the IN686 coating. The microstructure and chemical and phase compositions of the oxide scale were investigated using light optical microscopy together with scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Energy dispersive x-ray analyses were performed when appropriate. KW - Aggressive environments KW - Corrosion resistance KW - High - temperature KW - Inconel 686 KW - Laser cladding PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-514289 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-04867-x SN - 1059-9495 VL - 29 IS - 6 SP - 3702 EP - 3713 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-51428 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mietz, Jürgen A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Selection and Durability of Stainless Steels for Civil Engineering JF - Key Engineering Materials N2 - Due to the large number of stainless steels with different chemical composition and different microstructure the selection of the suitable material represents a huge challenge. In order to facilitate the appropriate grade selection, in the current European standard EN 1993-1-4 a procedure is defined based on the use of a look-up table considering the key variables that influence the selection of stainless steels. The table uses descriptions that competent designers should be able to readily understand or define without prior knowledge. The output from the look-up table is used to select alloys based on a Corrosion Resistance Class (CRC) from I to V. The advantage of this approach is that the designer simply specifies the relevant CRC and does not need to consider in detail which of the many (very similar) alloys to specify. KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Stainless steel KW - Civil engineering KW - Atmospheric corrosion PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.843 SN - 1662-9795 VL - 843 SP - 125 EP - 131 PB - Trans Tech Publications Ltd, CY - Switzerland AN - OPUS4-50831 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Quiroz Penaranda, Vanessa A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Investigations on laser beam welding of high-manganese austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels JF - The Paton welding journal KW - Laser welding KW - CO2- and Nd:YAG laser KW - Stainless austenitic and duplex steels KW - Higher manganese content KW - Process stability KW - Shielding atmosphere KW - Weld metal KW - Microstructure KW - Mechanical properties KW - Corrosion resistance PY - 2012 SN - 0957-798X VL - 1 SP - 10 EP - 14 PB - E. O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Acad. of Sciences of Ukraine CY - Kyïv AN - OPUS4-27062 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rosemann, P. A1 - Müller, Thoralf A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Heyn, Andreas T1 - Influence of microstructure and surface treatment on the corrosion resistance of martensic stainless steels 1.4116, 1.4034, and 1.4021 JF - Materials and corrosion N2 - In the last years, new approaches for the evaluation of the corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels were developed, which allow nearly non-destructive as well as short-term corrosion testing. This work analyzes the sensitive influence of microstructure and surface treatment on the corrosion resistance. The effect of alloy composition and microstructure, which is always present in addition to the influence of various surface treatments will be evaluated and discussed. The corrosion behavior was investigated with conventional evaluation of the pitting potential, electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR), electrochemical noise (EN), and the 'KorroPad' (KP) technique. EPR provided information about the passivation ability and the extent of chromium content reduction due to chromium carbide precipitation in the microstructure. The use of EN and KP aims to detect the influence of different surface treatment parameters on the corrosion resistance in a nearly non-destructive way. Furthermore the results shall demonstrate the functionality and convenience of the short-term corrosion test methods EN and KP in order to gain more acceptance within the scientific community. The results will allow the extraction of surface treatment effects on the corrosion behavior of the martensitic stainless steels 1.4116, 1.4034, and 1.4021. KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Electrochemical noise KW - Martensitic stainless steel KW - Electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation KW - KorroPad KW - EPR-Test KW - Heat treatment PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201307276 SN - 0947-5117 SN - 1521-4176 VL - 66 IS - 1 SP - 45 EP - 53 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-32572 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Müller, C. A1 - Baumann, O. A1 - Modersohn, W. A1 - Halle, T. T1 - Influence of the post-weld surface treatment on the corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel 1.4062 JF - IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering N2 - The duplex stainless steel 1.4062 (X2CrNiN22-2) is used as alternative material to austenitic stainless steels in the construction industry. The corrosion resistance of welded seams is influenced by the base material, the weld filler material, the welding process and also by the final surface treatment. The scale layer next to the weld seam can be removed by grinding, pickling, electro-polished or blasting depending on the application and the requested corrosion resistance. Blasted surfaces are often used in industrial practice due to the easier and cheaper manufacturing process compared to pickled or electro-polished surfaces. Furthermore blasting with corundum-grain is more effective than blasting with glass-beads which also lower the process costs. In recent years, stainless steel surfaces showed an unusually high susceptibility to pitting corrosion after grinding with corundum. For this reason, it is now also questioned critically whether the corrosion resistance is influenced by the applied blasting agent. This question was specifically investigated by comparing grinded, pickled, corundum-grain- and glass-bead-blasted welding seams. Results of the SEM analyses of the blasting agents and the blasted surfaces will be presented and correlated with the different performed corrosion tests (potential measurement, KorroPad-test and pitting potential) on welding seams with different surface treatments. T2 - 19th Chemnitz Seminar on Materials Engineering – 19. Werkstofftechnisches Kolloquium CY - Chemnitz, Germany DA - 16.03.2017 KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Welding KW - Duplex stainless steels KW - Pitting corrosion KW - Surface treatment PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-395374 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/181/1/012019 SN - 1757-899X SN - 1757-8981 VL - 181 IS - Conference 1 SP - Article UNSP 012019, 1 EP - 9 PB - IOP Publishing CY - Bristol, UK AN - OPUS4-39537 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rosemann, Paul A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Meyer, A. A1 - Halle, T. T1 - Influence of nitrogen on the corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels JF - IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering N2 - The corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels (MSS) depends strongly on the chemical composition and the applied heat treatment. Both determines the distribution of the alloying elements in the microstructure and the resulting material properties. The addition of nitrogen is known to be beneficial for the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steels. In case of MSS this effect is not only connected to nitrogen itself because nitrogen can be used to substitute carbon which also influences the result of the heat treatment process. This paper shows the effect of nitrogen on the corrosion resistance in relation to the hardening process of MSS. Therefore the effects of austenitization duration, austenitization temperature and cooling rate on microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance were studied on the MSS X30CrMoN15 1 and X50CrMoV15. The effect of different cooling rates was studied in the range of > 100 K/s down to 1 K/s using the jominy end quench test. The changes in corrosion resistance were detected with electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) and by the determination of critical pitting potentials. Besides this experimental approach thermodynamic calculations with the software thermocalc will be presented and used for the interpretation of the effect of nitrogen on the corrosion resistance of MSS. T2 - 18th Chemnitz Seminar on Materials Engineering – 18. Werkstofftechnisches Kolloquium CY - Chemnitz, Germany KW - Martensitic stainless steels KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Heat treatment PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-366956 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/118/1/011002 VL - 118 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 19 PB - IOP Publishing AN - OPUS4-36695 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -