TY - JOUR A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Praktische Aspekte der Anwendung von Eluierungsverfahren nach DIN 19528 und DIN 19529 N2 - Im Zusammenhang mit der Novellierung der Bundes-Bodenschutzverordnung und der Einführung einer Ersatzbaustoffverordnung wurden vom DIN-Normenausschuss Wasserwesen, Unterausschuss "Eluierungsverfahren" zwei Verfahren zur Elution von Feststoffen erarbeitet. Dabei handelt es sich um ein Säulenperkolationsverfahren zur gemeinsamen Untersuchung des Elutionsverhaltens von organischen und anorganischen Stoffen und ein Schüttelverfahren mit einem Wasser-/Feststoff-Verhältnis (W/F) von 2 l/kg zur Untersuchung der Elution von anorganischen Stoffen. Beide Verfahren sind für Bodenmaterialien und mineralische Abfälle mit einer Korngröße bis 32 mm vorgesehen. Der Vergleich der Praktikabilität der beiden Elutionsverfahren soll zur Diskussion zu deren Einsatz im Rahmen der geplanten bundeseinheitlichen gesetzlichen Regelungen beitragen, welche gegenwärtig kontrovers geführt wird. KW - Kontaminierter Boden KW - Abfall KW - Eluierungsverfahren KW - Säulenversuche KW - Schüttelversuche KW - Quellstärkeermittlung KW - Leaching KW - Contaminated soil KW - Mineral waste KW - Column test KW - Batch test KW - Legislation PY - 2009 SN - 0942-3818 SN - 1864-8371 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 10 PB - Schmidt CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-18947 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Hally, S. T1 - Development of leaching procedures for synthetic turf systems containing scrap tyre granules N2 - Scrap tyres are widely reused in the form of granules as infill materials or component of sub-base layers in construction of sporting grounds such as synthetic turf areas and athletic track surfaces. The recycled rubber may contain organic and inorganic pollutants due to the presence of vulcanisation catalysts, stabilisers and other additives which can be released into soil and groundwater in the case of outdoor sports facilities. In order to evaluate the amount of potentially mobile pollutants, leaching tests can be employed. This study aimed particularly at the investigation of the feasibility of column tests using complete synthetic surface flooring or turf system assemblies. The release of zinc and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) leached from components of sports surfaces containing recycled rubber granules was considered. Additionally, batch tests on coated and uncoated styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) granules aged by artificial weathering were performed to indicate its possible influence on the leaching behaviour of zinc and PAH. The chosen approach of column tests simulating typical complete synthetic sports surface installations has been proven to be feasible and robust. The time-dependent leaching behaviour and interactions between single components can be evaluated by column tests. Zinc was the most relevant contaminant in the eluates and its leachability was enhanced after accelerated ageing by artificial weathering. Leachable PAH were found in relatively low but well detectable amounts which increase by ageing as well. KW - Waste rubber KW - SBR KW - Artificial turf KW - Leaching KW - behaviour KW - Column test KW - Batch test KW - Weathering PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-013-9248-5 SN - 1877-2641 SN - 1877-265X VL - 4 IS - 4 SP - 745 EP - 757 PB - Springer Science + Business Media CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-29454 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Christoph, Gabriele A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Berger, Wolfgang T1 - Comparison of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in complex aqueous matrices N2 - Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) is an equilibrium extraction method used amongst others for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in aqueous samples. We compared SBSE to liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) for aqueous eluates obtained from batch and column tests of PAH contaminated soils to check whether SBSE might be considered as an alternative sample preparation method. We used soils with different particle size distribution, organic matter content, and resulting eluate turbidity to test the sample preparation methods on eluates with matrices of varying complexity. Furthermore, we studied the influence of diluted organic matter (DOM) on the PAH sorption process to the polymer coating of the stir bar during SBSE. In the majority of cases, we found higher PAH concentrations (up to 288%) with SBSE than with LLE. The turbidity correlates with the difference in PAH results, i.e. the greater the turbidity in the eluate, the more PAH we found with SBSE compared to LLE. We observed no similar trend regarding the amount of total organic carbon (TOC). The presence of DOM in the eluate seems to hamper the SBSE slightly, the PAH recovery varied between 82 and 104%. KW - Stir bar sorptive extraction KW - Liquid-liquid extraction KW - Leaching KW - Batch test KW - Column test KW - Complex aqueous matrix PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2011.06.035 SN - 0039-9140 VL - 85 IS - 3 SP - 1428 EP - 1434 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-24031 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maszkowska, J. A1 - Kolodziejska, M. A1 - Bialk-Bielinska, A. A1 - Mrozik, W. A1 - Kumirska, J. A1 - Stepnowski, P. A1 - Palavinskas, R. A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Kalbe, Ute T1 - Column and batch tests of sulfonamide leaching from different types of soil N2 - Sulfonamides (SAs) and their metabolites present severe hazards to human health and the environment, mainly because of antibiotic resistance. Knowledge of their bioavailability, including their sorption to soils and their impact on the soil-groundwater pathway, is crucial to their risk assessment. Laboratory batch and column leaching tests are important tools for determining the release potential of contaminants from soil or waste materials. Batch and column tests were carried out with soils differing in particle size distribution, organic matter content and pH, each spiked with sulfonamides (sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfaguanidine (SGD), sulfisoxazole (SX)). In order to test the applicability of leaching tests to polar contaminants batch and column tests were also compared. In the column tests, release was found to depend on the properties of both soil and sulfonamides. The fastest release was observed for coarse-grained soil with the smallest organic matter content (MS soil; 100% decrease in concentration until liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) of 0.9 L kg-1 for all SAs). The slowest release was established for sulfadimethoxine (24.5% decrease in concentration until L/S 1.22 L kg-1). The results of the batch and column tests were comparable to a large extent, with slightly higher concentrations being obtained in the column test experiments of fine-grained soils with a high organic matter content. KW - Sulfonamides KW - Leaching KW - Column test KW - Batch test KW - Soil PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.05.053 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 260 SP - 468 EP - 474 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-28855 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -